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An Oath for Vengeance? A vendetta with the testimony of the goddess Allāt in an Ancient North Arabian inscription from Jordan 复仇誓言?约旦古代北阿拉伯碑文中阿拉特女神的复仇见证
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgae024
Hani Hayajneh, Rafe Harahsheh
This paper deals with a new Ancient North Arabian (ANA)-Safaitic inscription from the north-eastern basaltic region of Jordan. Its author registers a revenge-taking action for a man called S1 TR. In contrast to the usual type of Safaitic inscriptions that deal with revenge, we encounter here a case of revenge in which the Arabian goddess Allāt is called for s2 hdt ‘testimony’. The onomastic and lexical components, with special focus on the lexeme s2 hdt and its semantic field, are investigated and analyzed in light of the Semitic lexicon.
本文论述的是约旦东北部玄武岩地区出土的一件新的古北阿拉伯(ANA)-萨菲提克(Safaitic)铭文。碑文作者记录了一个名为 S1 TR 的人的复仇行动。与常见的萨菲提克碑文中涉及复仇的类型不同,我们在这里遇到的是一个复仇案例,其中阿拉伯女神 Allāt 被称为 s2 hdt "见证"。我们将根据闪米特语的词典,研究和分析其中的拟声词和词汇成分,并特别关注词素 s2 hdt 及其语义领域。
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引用次数: 0
The Gezer Inscription ʿṣd pšt ‘Bundling Flax’: Revising the Arabic Cognate Etymology 盖泽尔铭文 ʿṣd pšt "捆扎亚麻":修订阿拉伯语同源词词源学
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgae012
Mila Neishtadt
This article is dedicated to one of the main lexical cruxes of the Gezer tablet, the expression ʿṣd pšt in the third line of the inscription. I follow the longstanding understanding of the Gezer inscription, according to which pšt refers to flax. The primary innovation of the article lies in the re-evaluation of the cognate Arabic etymology. I argue that the cognate Arabic ʿḍd in both Classical and Modern Arabic does not signify ‘cutting’, as has been suggested in research thus far. Rather, it means ‘upper arm’. I then examine the Mishnaic Hebrew phrase פשתן חוצני ḥoṣne pištan ‘flax bundles’ (m. Pe’ah 6:5) which exhibits a semantic shift: ḥōṣɛn ‘bosom’ > ‘amount carried under bosom’ > ‘bundle’. Based on the revised Arabic ʿḍd ‘upper arm’ meaning, I propose a semantic parallel: the Gezer inscription’s verbal noun ʿṣd (< Proto- Semitic ‘upper arm’) has possibly experienced a semantic shift similar to that of חוצני פשתן ḥoṣne pištan ‘flax bundles’ in m. Pe’ah 6:5: ‘upper arm’ > ‘armful of produce’ > ‘bundle’. Accordingly, I suggest ʿṣd pšt means ‘bundling flax’. This suggestion offers a straightforward solution which clarifies etymological data from various Semitic languages, fits within the context of the Gezer inscription and finally resolves the agricultural ‘cutting’ flax difficulty.
本文专门讨论盖泽尔碑文的主要词汇核心之一,即碑文第三行中的ʿṣd pšt。我沿用了长期以来对吉泽尔碑文的理解,即 pšt 指的是亚麻。文章的主要创新之处在于重新评估了同源阿拉伯语的词源。我认为,在古典阿拉伯语和现代阿拉伯语中,同源阿拉伯语 ʿḍd 并不像迄今为止的研究中认为的那样表示 "切割",而是表示 "上臂"。相反,它的意思是 "上臂"。然后,我研究了米示拿希伯来语短语 פשתן חוצני ḥoṣne pištan "亚麻捆"(m. Pe'ah 6:5),它显示了语义的转变:ḥōṣɛn "怀抱"> "怀抱下携带的数量"> "捆"。根据经修订的阿拉伯语 ʿḍd '上臂'含义,我提出了一个语义平行的解释:Gezer 铭文中的动名词 ʿṣd(< 原闪米特语'上臂')可能经历了类似于 חוצני פשתן ḥoṣne pištan '亚麻束'在 m. Pe'ah 6:5 中的语义转变。Pe'ah 6:5:'上臂'>'一臂的农产品'>'捆'。因此,我认为 ʿṣd pšt 的意思是 "捆绑亚麻"。这一建议提供了一个简单明了的解决方案,它澄清了来自各种闪米特语言的词源学数据,符合盖泽尔铭文的语境,并最终解决了农业 "切割 "亚麻的难题。
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引用次数: 0
Serialism in regressive voicing assimilation: The case of heterorganic obstruent clusters in Modern Hebrew 倒退发声同化中的序列性:现代希伯来语中的异有机障碍音群案例
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgae023
Mufleh Salem M Alqahtani
This paper examines serialism (i.e. serial derivations) in regressive voicing assimilation (RVA) within the framework of harmonic serialism in coping with heterorganic obstruent clusters in Modern Hebrew. The study depends primarily on data gathered from literature, including books, articles, and theses. The findings show that RVA in Modern Hebrew operates through two derivational steps in a feeding order (i.e. transparent rule interaction): the first step involves delinking the [voice] feature of the target consonant feeds and spreading the [voice] feature of the trigger consonant. Heterorganic obstruent clusters are created by attaching the hitpa'el prefix /hit-/ to the root initial [z] and require RVA and metathesis. RVA occurs before metathesis in a counterbleeding order, constituting an opaque rule interaction. In other words, this opaque phonological derivation embodies RVA and metathesis where RVA counterbleeds metathesis. This research shows that harmonic serialism, in contrast to parallel optimality theory (P-OT), effectively expresses the generalization about RVA in Modern Hebrew.
本文在现代希伯来语中应对异机障碍音群的和声序列主义框架内,研究了倒退发声同化(RVA)中的序列主义(即序列派生)。研究主要依靠从书籍、文章和论文等文献中收集的数据。研究结果表明,RVA 在现代希伯来语中是通过两个派生步骤按进位顺序(即透明的规则互动)进行运作的:第一步涉及目标辅音的[声]特征脱钩进位和触发辅音的[声]特征扩散。异机障碍音簇是通过将 hitpa'el 前缀 /hit-/ 附加到词根首音 [z] 上而产生的,需要 RVA 和元合成。RVA 出现在元合成之前,其顺序与元合成相反,构成了不透明的规则互动。换句话说,这种不透明的语音派生体现了 RVA 和元合成,其中 RVA 反作用于元合成。这项研究表明,与平行最优化理论(P-OT)相反,谐音序列主义有效地表达了现代希伯来语中关于 RVA 的概括。
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引用次数: 0
The Grammar of Emotion Verbs in the Qurʾān: A Case Study of the verb xāfa 古兰经》中情感动词的语法:动词 xāfa 的案例研究
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgae021
Yehudit Dror, Salam Saied, Bayan Amara
The concept of emotions has been studied from numerous perspectives in psychology, the history of emotions and religion. This study sheds light on the linguistic devices implemented to articulate emotions in the Qurʾān by taking the emotion verb xāfa ‘to fear’ or ‘to be afraid’ (and its derivatives) as a case study. In both modern and classical dictionaries of the Arabic language as well as in Quranic exegesis, the verb xāfa is often replaced by another verb that expresses fear such as xašiya ‘to be afraid’ or ‘to be in awe’. Here it is shown that the verb xāfa occurs in certain syntactic structures and has specific meanings that are not denoted by other verbs expressing fear in the Qurʾān. Specifically, when the verb xāfa is followed by a subordinate clause that starts with the particle ‘an, it can be rendered as ‘to fear’ or ‘to be afraid’ since the cause of this fear is a probable event. When the verb xāfa is followed by the preposition ‘alā it denotes ‘to fear for [the wellbeing of] someone (e.g., a family member)’ because of a situation in which they are likely to be found. When it is followed by the noun rabb ‘Lord’ or Allāh ‘God’, the verb refers to ‘fear of God’, where fear of His punishment motivates the people to worship Him. When the verbal noun xawf has no object and is used in conjunction with the verbal noun ‘amn (‘security’) it can be interpreted as ‘insecurity about something’. Because the verb xāfa is central to the religious concept of fear of God, it is used in the Qurʾān to express a general and collective attitude of fear or awe. However, xāfa is also used to express individual experiences of fright at specific times or places.
心理学、情感史和宗教学从多个角度研究了情感的概念。本研究以情感动词 xāfa "恐惧 "或 "害怕"(及其派生词)为例,揭示了《古兰经》中表达情感的语言手段。在现代和古典阿拉伯语词典以及《古兰经》注释中,动词 xāfa 经常被另一个表示恐惧的动词(如 xašiya "害怕 "或 "敬畏")所取代。这里的研究表明,动词 xāfa 出现在某些句法结构中,具有特定的含义,而这些含义是《古兰经》中其他表示恐惧的动词所不具备的。具体来说,当动词 xāfa 后面的从句以 "an "开头时,它可以被翻译为 "害怕 "或 "恐惧",因为造成这种恐惧的原因是一个可能发生的事件。当动词 xāfa 后跟介词 "alā "时,表示 "担心某人(如家庭成员)的安危",因为他们很可能被发现。当动词后跟名词 rabb "主 "或 Allāh "神 "时,该动词指 "对神的恐惧",即对神的惩罚的恐惧促使人们对神顶礼膜拜。当动名词 xawf 没有宾语并与动名词 'amn' ('安全')连用时,它可以被解释为'对某事的不安全感'。由于动词 "xāfa "是敬畏真主这一宗教概念的核心,因此在《古兰经》中被用来表达一种普遍的、集体的恐惧或敬畏态度。然而,"xāfa "也用于表达个人在特定时间或地点的惊恐经历。
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引用次数: 0
The Syntax of the Jewish Arabic Dialect of Wad-Souf (Saharan Algeria) 瓦德苏夫(阿尔及利亚撒哈拉地区)犹太阿拉伯方言的句法
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgae006
Wiktor Gębski
Jewish dialects of Algerian Arabic remain terra incognita within Arabic dialectology. This paper addresses this lacuna and examines specific syntactic aspects within the critically endangered Jewish dialect of Wad-Souf. The study selectively focuses on the topics relevant to the ongoing discussions in the field of Arabic dialectology and the sub-field of Judaeo-Arabic. This research builds on my prior work concerning the phonology and morphology of Jewish Wad-Souf, emphasising linguistic traits that align with Bedouin dialects and showcasing historical connections to sedentary Jewish dialects. The article includes glossed text samples and analytical sections exploring noun, verb and pronoun syntax. While presenting tendencies rather than rigid rules, this research lays the groundwork for future studies on the Jewish dialect of Wad-Souf and on Algerian Judaeo-Arabic in general, forming a basis for a deeper understanding of its syntax and linguistic nuances. The data were obtained during three periods of fieldwork in Israel between March and December 2022.
在阿拉伯语方言学中,阿尔及利亚阿拉伯语的犹太方言仍然是一个未知领域。本文针对这一空白,研究了极度濒危的 Wad-Souf 犹太方言的具体句法方面。本研究有选择性地关注与阿拉伯语方言学领域和犹太阿拉伯语子领域正在进行的讨论相关的主题。这项研究以我之前关于犹太瓦德-索夫方言的语音学和形态学研究为基础,强调了与贝都因方言一致的语言特征,并展示了与定居犹太方言的历史联系。文章包括词汇文本样本和探讨名词、动词和代词句法的分析部分。这项研究提出了一些趋势而非僵化的规则,为今后研究瓦德苏夫犹太方言和阿尔及利亚犹太阿拉伯语奠定了基础,为深入了解其句法和语言上的细微差别奠定了基础。这些数据是 2022 年 3 月至 12 月期间在以色列的三次实地调查中获得的。
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引用次数: 0
Approaching the ‘Social Context of Writing Practices in Late Bronze Age Ugarit’ 走近 "青铜时代晚期乌加里特写作实践的社会背景
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgae001
Andrew Burlingame
This review article discusses points raised in Philip Boyes's 2021 monograph Script and Society: The Social Context of Writing Practices in Late Bronze Age Ugarit. The arguments of the book are summarized, contextualized, and evaluated from an Ugaritological disciplinary perspective; remarks on method and opportunities for future research are presented; and a series of specific comments is offered as a supplementary resource for readers and researchers interested in further pursuing the topics Boyes addresses.
这篇评论文章讨论了 Philip Boyes 在 2021 年出版的专著《文字与社会》中提出的观点:青铜时代晚期乌加里特书写实践的社会背景》中提出的观点。文章从乌加里特学科的角度对该书的论点进行了总结、背景分析和评估;对研究方法和未来研究机会进行了评论;并提供了一系列具体评论,作为有兴趣进一步研究博伊斯所论述主题的读者和研究人员的补充资料。
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引用次数: 0
Yesterday and the Day Before in Semitic 闪米特语中的昨天和前天
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad047
Aaron D Rubin
In addition to reflexes of Proto-Semitic*timāli, the Semitic languages use a variety of innovative words meaning ‘yesterday’, as well as numerous different words and phrases used to mean ‘the day before yesterday’ and sometimes even earlier days. This article examines these various adverbs or adverbial phrases in the diverse Semitic languages, both ancient and modern, coming from a variety of semantic developments, some of which are typologically unusual.
除了原闪语*timāli 的反射词之外,闪米特语言还使用了各种表示 "昨天 "的新词,以及许多表示 "前天 "的不同词和短语,有时甚至表示更早的日子。本文研究了闪米特语言中的各种副词或副词短语,包括古代语言和现代语言,这些副词或副词短语来自不同的语义发展,其中一些在类型学上是不同寻常的。
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引用次数: 0
Numeral reduplication as a pluractional marker in Jordanian Arabic 约旦阿拉伯语中作为复数标记的数字重迭
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-21 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad045
Amazigh Bedar, Ashraf Allawama
This paper presents a first study of numeral reduplication in Jordanian Arabic, which uses a syntactic strategy of numeral reduplication not previously recognized in other languages. This involves the reduplication of a numeral implies reduplication of the Noun Phrase (NP) that follows it (Num NP Num NP). Semantically, and at first glance, numeral reduplication mandates distributives readings. We show that numeral reduplication is in fact a marker of pluractionality (event plurality), and the distributive readings are the consequence of separating plural events.
本文首次对约旦阿拉伯语中的数字重迭进行了研究,约旦阿拉伯语中的数字重迭使用了一种句法策略,而这种策略在其他语言中尚未得到认可。这涉及到一个数字的重复意味着后面的名词短语(NP)的重复(Num NP Num NP)。从语义学上看,乍一看,数字重迭规定了分配式读法。我们的研究表明,数字重复实际上是复数性(事件复数性)的标记,而分配读法是分离复数事件的结果。
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引用次数: 0
The Use of Nafs ‘Soul’ for Self-Referencing in al-Maqqarī’s Nafḥ al-ṭīb and the Evolution of the ‘Divided Self’ 马卡里的《纳菲赫-阿提布》中使用 Nafs "灵魂 "进行自我参照以及 "分裂的自我 "的演变
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad044
Laila M Jreis-Navarro
This article will analyze the use of the noun nafs ‘soul’ with the first-person possessive pronominal suffix, through the corpus of Andalusi texts gathered in Nafḥ al-ṭīb by the North-African author Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maqqarī (d. 1632). The aim is threefold: one, to identify patterns of the use of nafsī in the Nafḥ, their semantic performance, and diachronic evolution; two, to compare the use of the term in this corpus with its use in lists of collocates in the macro corpora KSUCCA and arTenTen of Classical and Modern Standard Arabic; and three, to show that linguistically systematizing self-expression is adequate for the identification of highly subjective texts in a corpus. Analysis will show that the notions of the ‘divided self’, sacrificing oneself, and yearning change towards a closer relationship between the subject and the self over time.
本文将通过北非作家 Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maqqarī(卒于 1632 年)在《Nafḥ al-ṭīb》中收集的安达卢西亚文本语料库,分析名词 nafs "灵魂 "与第一人称属格后缀的用法。目的有三:其一,确定 Nafḥ 中 nafsī 的使用模式、语义表现和异时空演变;其二,将该术语在该语料库中的使用与其在 KSUCCA 和 arTenTen 古典和现代标准阿拉伯语宏观语料库中的同义词列表中的使用进行比较;其三,证明将自我表达系统化的语言学方法足以识别语料库中高度主观的文本。分析将表明,"分裂的自我"、牺牲自我和渴望等概念随着时间的推移朝着主体与自我之间更密切关系的方向变化。
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引用次数: 0
Valentina Grasso, Pre-Islamic Arabia: Politics, Cults and Identities during Late Antiquity 瓦伦蒂娜-格拉索,《伊斯兰前阿拉伯》:古代晚期的政治、崇拜和身份认同
IF 0.2 4区 社会学 0 ASIAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/jss/fgad046
A. Al‐Jallad
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Semitic Studies
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