Abstract Arabic dialects west of Libya stand out within Arabic and Semitic languages more generally for using a fairly productive verb pattern FʕāL for change-of-state quality verbs, since before the 12th century. This has long been identified with Classical Arabic’s Form IX (iFʕaLLa) or XI (iFʕāLLa), but does not regularly correspond to either, and shows a rather different lexical distribution. This article proposes a new explanation for its unexpected form, greater productivity, and uniquely Western distribution, based on contact with Berber. Across most Berber varieties, a verb pattern whose perfective stem may be reconstructed as *ăFSāL > *əFSāL is regularly used for change-of-state verbs. The originally accidental similarity in form and function would have allowed first-language Berber speakers learning Arabic in the Umayyad period to identify this with Arabic Form IX/XI, and therefore to extend its use to their Arabic.
{"title":"Berber Influence on Arabic Form IX in North Africa","authors":"Lameen Souag","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arabic dialects west of Libya stand out within Arabic and Semitic languages more generally for using a fairly productive verb pattern FʕāL for change-of-state quality verbs, since before the 12th century. This has long been identified with Classical Arabic’s Form IX (iFʕaLLa) or XI (iFʕāLLa), but does not regularly correspond to either, and shows a rather different lexical distribution. This article proposes a new explanation for its unexpected form, greater productivity, and uniquely Western distribution, based on contact with Berber. Across most Berber varieties, a verb pattern whose perfective stem may be reconstructed as *ăFSāL > *əFSāL is regularly used for change-of-state verbs. The originally accidental similarity in form and function would have allowed first-language Berber speakers learning Arabic in the Umayyad period to identify this with Arabic Form IX/XI, and therefore to extend its use to their Arabic.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The oral reading traditions of the Hebrew Bible and the Qurʾān have a number of affinities. Recent literature shows that these parallels include orthoepic features, the pluriformity of the oral reading traditions, as well as the representation of non-standard oral traditions in written form. The present article takes this comparative effort one step forward. It explores how pauses influence the exegesis of the Hebrew Bible and the Qurʾān. That is, it examines the impact of the Masoretic pausal accent signs and the pausal suggestions in the Quranic waqf and ibtidāʾ (pausing and beginning) literature on exegesis. Examining several case studies, the article points out parallels in the ways both reading traditions employ pauses in exegesis. Without denying the differences between the two systems, some of which are highlighted in the article, it is found that both seem to operate in conceptually similar ways.
{"title":"Oral Reading Traditions and Scriptural Hermeneutics: The Exegetical Significance of the Pausal Systems in the Hebrew Bible and the Qurʾān","authors":"Tareq Moqbel","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The oral reading traditions of the Hebrew Bible and the Qurʾān have a number of affinities. Recent literature shows that these parallels include orthoepic features, the pluriformity of the oral reading traditions, as well as the representation of non-standard oral traditions in written form. The present article takes this comparative effort one step forward. It explores how pauses influence the exegesis of the Hebrew Bible and the Qurʾān. That is, it examines the impact of the Masoretic pausal accent signs and the pausal suggestions in the Quranic waqf and ibtidāʾ (pausing and beginning) literature on exegesis. Examining several case studies, the article points out parallels in the ways both reading traditions employ pauses in exegesis. Without denying the differences between the two systems, some of which are highlighted in the article, it is found that both seem to operate in conceptually similar ways.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article analyzes the verbal system in the Hebrew language of Yehuda Ha-Lewi, which is (and was) represented solely by poetry. It points at Ha-Lewi’s poetics, as the central factor shaping his language, whose verbal forms were ascribed additional poetic functions. It aims to define grammatical units and rhetorical techniques which, combined, were used by Ha-Lewi to create his unique poetic style and linguistic system coherent, though seemingly mimicking Biblical Hebrew. Due to the uniqueness of the corpus of the language and the fact that the rhetorical functions were to a large extent ascribed to grammatical forms, in order to define them most accurately, I apply the discursive-pragmatic approach. This method has allowed to outline the matrix of Ha-Lewi’s verbal system and define its innovative features.
{"title":"Verbal system and poetics in the works of Yehuda Ha-Lewi","authors":"Barbara Gryczan","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article analyzes the verbal system in the Hebrew language of Yehuda Ha-Lewi, which is (and was) represented solely by poetry. It points at Ha-Lewi’s poetics, as the central factor shaping his language, whose verbal forms were ascribed additional poetic functions. It aims to define grammatical units and rhetorical techniques which, combined, were used by Ha-Lewi to create his unique poetic style and linguistic system coherent, though seemingly mimicking Biblical Hebrew. Due to the uniqueness of the corpus of the language and the fact that the rhetorical functions were to a large extent ascribed to grammatical forms, in order to define them most accurately, I apply the discursive-pragmatic approach. This method has allowed to outline the matrix of Ha-Lewi’s verbal system and define its innovative features.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin, Arabic Sociolinguistics. Get access Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin, Arabic Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 238 pages, ISBN: 978-1-107-18261-5 Catherine Miller Catherine Miller Iremam, Aix Marseille University Address for author correspondence: millercatherine51@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, fgad032, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad032 Published: 27 September 2023
Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin，阿拉伯社会语言学。获取Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin，阿拉伯社会语言学。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社，2022。238页，ISBN: 978-1-107-18261-5 Catherine Miller Catherine Miller Iremam, Aix Marseille University作者通信地址:millercatherine51@gmail.com搜索作者的其他作品:Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, fgad032, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad032出版日期:2023年9月27日
{"title":"Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin, <i>Arabic Sociolinguistics</i>.","authors":"Catherine Miller","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad032","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin, Arabic Sociolinguistics. Get access Enam Al-Wer, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin, Arabic Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 238 pages, ISBN: 978-1-107-18261-5 Catherine Miller Catherine Miller Iremam, Aix Marseille University Address for author correspondence: millercatherine51@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, fgad032, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad032 Published: 27 September 2023","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janet C E Watson, Gisela Tomé Lourido, Abdullah al-Mahri
Abstract The paper discusses epenthesis and vowel intrusion in the Central Dhofari variety of Mehri, one of six endangered Modern South Arabian languages indigenous to southern Arabia. Mehri is spoken by members of the Mahrah tribe in southern Oman, eastern Yemen, parts of southern and eastern Saudi Arabia and in communities in parts of the Gulf and East Africa. The estimated number of Mehri speakers is between 100,000–180,000. Following Hall (2006), this study distinguishes between two types of inserted vowels: epenthetic vowels, which repair illicit syllable structures, and intrusive vowels, which transition between consonants. The paper examines how the properties of epenthetic and intrusive vowels as proposed by Hall relate to Mehri.
{"title":"Epenthesis and vowel intrusion in Central Dhofari Mehri","authors":"Janet C E Watson, Gisela Tomé Lourido, Abdullah al-Mahri","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper discusses epenthesis and vowel intrusion in the Central Dhofari variety of Mehri, one of six endangered Modern South Arabian languages indigenous to southern Arabia. Mehri is spoken by members of the Mahrah tribe in southern Oman, eastern Yemen, parts of southern and eastern Saudi Arabia and in communities in parts of the Gulf and East Africa. The estimated number of Mehri speakers is between 100,000–180,000. Following Hall (2006), this study distinguishes between two types of inserted vowels: epenthetic vowels, which repair illicit syllable structures, and intrusive vowels, which transition between consonants. The paper examines how the properties of epenthetic and intrusive vowels as proposed by Hall relate to Mehri.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper argues that the Biblical Hebrew grammatical morpheme טֶרֶם ṭɛrɛm ‘before, not yet’ is derived from a noun *tִVrm- meaning ‘(big) lip’.1
{"title":"On the Etymology of Biblical Hebrew טֶרֶם <i>Ṭɛrɛm</i> ‘before, not yet’","authors":"Ambjörn Sjörs","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper argues that the Biblical Hebrew grammatical morpheme טֶרֶם ṭɛrɛm ‘before, not yet’ is derived from a noun *tִVrm- meaning ‘(big) lip’.1","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136375732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper examines how Quranic text treats the construction of a participle in predicative position when it is followed by a direct object. While the medieval grammarians typically say that the participle may be either followed by the object in the accusative or form a construct phrase with it regardless of the definiteness of the object, close examination of the behaviour of participles in predicative positions in the Quranic text shows that a clear correlation presents itself. Indefinite objects are marked with the accusative, whereas definite objects are formed through a genitive construction. This thus means that the linguistic register of the Qurʾān, different from other forms of Classical Arabic, represents a kind of differential object marking on the objects of predicative participles, differentiating between indefinite and definite objects.
{"title":"The Morphosyntax of Objects to Participles in the Qurʾān","authors":"Marijn van Putten","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines how Quranic text treats the construction of a participle in predicative position when it is followed by a direct object. While the medieval grammarians typically say that the participle may be either followed by the object in the accusative or form a construct phrase with it regardless of the definiteness of the object, close examination of the behaviour of participles in predicative positions in the Quranic text shows that a clear correlation presents itself. Indefinite objects are marked with the accusative, whereas definite objects are formed through a genitive construction. This thus means that the linguistic register of the Qurʾān, different from other forms of Classical Arabic, represents a kind of differential object marking on the objects of predicative participles, differentiating between indefinite and definite objects.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents several Genizah fragments containing passages of Saadya Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch in the handwriting of a copyist identified as Yedutun Ha-Levi ben Levi He-Ḥaver, who was active in the first half of the thirteenth century. These passages are transcribed in full in the article, together with a critical apparatus which compares them with early important manuscripts of Saadya Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch and the popular critical Derenbourg edition. The textual and grammatical analysis following these passages shows that their language should be regarded as post-Classical, and that both text and language broadly correspond with the early version of this translation, represented in MS St. Petersburg, RNL, MS Yevr. II C 1—the earliest inclusive manuscript of Saadya Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch copied by Samuel ben Jacob at the beginning of the eleventh century.
本文介绍了几个《创世纪》的片段，其中包含萨迪亚·加翁翻译的摩西五经的段落，这些段落是由一位抄写员Yedutun Ha-Levi ben Levi He-Ḥaver所写，他活跃于13世纪上半叶。这些段落在文章中被完整地记录下来，同时还有一个批判工具，将它们与Saadya Gaon翻译的《摩西五经》的早期重要手稿以及流行的批判版Derenbourg版本进行比较。这些段落之后的文本和语法分析表明，他们的语言应该被视为后古典，文本和语言大致符合这个翻译的早期版本，代表在MS圣彼得堡，RNL, MS Yevr。II C - 1 -最早的包括Saadya Gaon翻译的摩西五经的手稿，由Samuel ben Jacob在11世纪初抄写。
{"title":"Several Genizah Fragments of Saadya Gaon's Translation of the Pentateuch Copied by Yedutun ben Levi","authors":"Tamar Zewi, Amir Ashur","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents several Genizah fragments containing passages of Saadya Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch in the handwriting of a copyist identified as Yedutun Ha-Levi ben Levi He-Ḥaver, who was active in the first half of the thirteenth century. These passages are transcribed in full in the article, together with a critical apparatus which compares them with early important manuscripts of Saadya Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch and the popular critical Derenbourg edition. The textual and grammatical analysis following these passages shows that their language should be regarded as post-Classical, and that both text and language broadly correspond with the early version of this translation, represented in MS St. Petersburg, RNL, MS Yevr. II C 1—the earliest inclusive manuscript of Saadya Gaon's translation of the Pentateuch copied by Samuel ben Jacob at the beginning of the eleventh century.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper examines the term xabar. It focuses on cases where xabar, or the dyad ism-xabar, is used at variance with canonical theory. These cases suggest that the triad X + X's ism + X's xabar (familiar when X = ʾinna, kāna and their ‘sisters’) was used to accommodate tripartite configurations whose so-called xabar is not a predicate, or whose ism and xabar are generally taken to be mubtadaʾ and xabar. This syntactic model, which differs significantly from the canonical theory of sentence types in the Arabic grammatical tradition, was most probably designed for pedagogical aims. This alternative model analyzes sentences according to their surface structure, with focus on initial constituents, whereas canonical syntactic model's point of departure is a distinction between sentence types, based on the concept of predication and taking into consideration word order variation. An appendix on the little-known grammarian al-Quhunduzī examines the history of the figure, who has in modern scholarship been confused with another author. Pinning down his identity and the period in which he lived dispels confusion about the figure, allowing us to better place his work in the scholarly record.
{"title":"‘Unorthodox’ Usages of the Term <i>xabar</i> in the Early Arabic Grammatical Tradition","authors":"Almog Kasher","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examines the term xabar. It focuses on cases where xabar, or the dyad ism-xabar, is used at variance with canonical theory. These cases suggest that the triad X + X's ism + X's xabar (familiar when X = ʾinna, kāna and their ‘sisters’) was used to accommodate tripartite configurations whose so-called xabar is not a predicate, or whose ism and xabar are generally taken to be mubtadaʾ and xabar. This syntactic model, which differs significantly from the canonical theory of sentence types in the Arabic grammatical tradition, was most probably designed for pedagogical aims. This alternative model analyzes sentences according to their surface structure, with focus on initial constituents, whereas canonical syntactic model's point of departure is a distinction between sentence types, based on the concept of predication and taking into consideration word order variation. An appendix on the little-known grammarian al-Quhunduzī examines the history of the figure, who has in modern scholarship been confused with another author. Pinning down his identity and the period in which he lived dispels confusion about the figure, allowing us to better place his work in the scholarly record.","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal Article Endalew Assefa, Descriptive Grammar of Ezha: A Gurage Language of Ethiopia (Ethio-Semitic) Get access Endalew Assefa, Descriptive Grammar of Ezha: A Gurage Language of Ethiopia (Ethio-Semitic). Aethiopische Forschungen 87. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2022. 281 pages. €78.00 hardback. ISBN: 978-3-44711-843-9. Aaron D Rubin Aaron D Rubin University of Georgia Address for correspondence: aaron.rubin@uga.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, fgad033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad033 Published: 19 September 2023
{"title":"<scp>Endalew Assefa</scp>, <i>Descriptive Grammar of Ezha: A Gurage Language of Ethiopia (Ethio-Semitic)</i>","authors":"Aaron D Rubin","doi":"10.1093/jss/fgad033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad033","url":null,"abstract":"Journal Article Endalew Assefa, Descriptive Grammar of Ezha: A Gurage Language of Ethiopia (Ethio-Semitic) Get access Endalew Assefa, Descriptive Grammar of Ezha: A Gurage Language of Ethiopia (Ethio-Semitic). Aethiopische Forschungen 87. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2022. 281 pages. €78.00 hardback. ISBN: 978-3-44711-843-9. Aaron D Rubin Aaron D Rubin University of Georgia Address for correspondence: aaron.rubin@uga.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, fgad033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgad033 Published: 19 September 2023","PeriodicalId":17130,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Semitic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135063457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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