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A Note on Macroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging Enabled 3D Scanning for Museum and Cultural Heritage Applications 宏观光学相干层析成像技术在博物馆和文化遗产应用中的应用
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2093537
Xingyu Zhou, Darlene In, Xinchang Xiong, Kunze Yang, Xingzhi Chen, H. M. Bruhn, Xuan Liu, Yi Yang
ABSTRACT Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging method that can be used to study the surface features and subsurface structures of delicate cultural heritage objects. However, the field of view of OCT severely limits the system’s scanning area. Previously, we have presented a hybrid scanning platform combined with an imaging stitching algorithm to achieve macroscopic OCT (macro-OCT) imaging. This paper further demonstrates the potential applications of the OCT data by rendering 3D volumetric data into standard virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and 3D printing formats. The 3D model can be 3D printed or interactively displayed through various platforms such as VR and AR headsets, smartphones, and web pages. The high-resolution 3D models obtained from the macro-OCT system can potentially improve the experience of accessing artworks online and assist individuals with visual impairments to study art through tactile feedback.
光学相干层析成像(OCT)是一种非侵入性成像方法,可用于研究精致文物的表面特征和地下结构。然而,OCT的视场严重限制了系统的扫描区域。此前,我们提出了一种结合成像拼接算法的混合扫描平台,以实现宏观OCT (macro-OCT)成像。本文通过将3D体积数据渲染成标准的虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)和3D打印格式,进一步展示了OCT数据的潜在应用。3D模型可以3D打印,也可以通过VR / AR耳机、智能手机、网页等多种平台进行交互展示。从宏观oct系统获得的高分辨率3D模型可以潜在地改善在线访问艺术品的体验,并通过触觉反馈帮助视障人士学习艺术。
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引用次数: 0
A Light at the End of the Tunnel: Using an Improvised Laser Measuring System to Verify the Bore Dimensions of an XI-Inch Dahlgren Shell Gun 隧道尽头的曙光:用一种简易激光测量系统验证11英寸达格伦弹炮膛尺寸
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2105380
E. Farrell
ABSTRACT In developing a method to remove marine concretion from the bores of USS Monitor’s XI-Inch Dahlgren shell guns at The Mariners’ Museum and Park, a problem arose: how to determine the curve of the powder chamber to avoid damage during cleaning. Multiple period schematics showed conflicting dimensions, requiring direct measurement. An identical, non-archaeological XI-Inch Dahlgren from USS Kearsarge survives in Naval History and Heritage Command (NHHC) collections, creating the opportunity to verify the dimensions of an un-damaged analog of Monitor's guns. Measuring the Kearsarge Dahlgren represented its own set of challenges. A 3-dimensional laser scan would have been ideal, but neither the Museum nor the Navy’s lab possessed a scanner, and it was not financially viable to rent or purchase one. Even if free services could be found, the Kearsarge gun was in a secure military facility, complicating potential access for a third-party company. Instead, it was necessary to measure the gun’s bore with minimal expenditure. An improvised system was developed using a copy stand and a consumer-grade laser-measuring device. This system was transported to NHHC's storage facilities and successfully used to measure the Kearsarge Dahlgren’s bore, confirming the correct drawing and enabling further treatment of Monitor’s artillery.
在水手博物馆和公园开发一种方法来清除美国海军Monitor的11英寸Dahlgren炮弹炮的孔中的海洋混凝土时,出现了一个问题:如何确定粉末室的曲线以避免在清洁过程中损坏。多周期原理图显示冲突的尺寸,需要直接测量。在美国海军历史与遗产司令部(NHHC)的收藏中,有一把相同的非考古的11英寸Dahlgren,这为验证Monitor的枪支未损坏模拟物的尺寸创造了机会。测量基尔萨奇达尔格伦代表了它自己的一系列挑战。三维激光扫描本来是最理想的,但博物馆和海军实验室都没有扫描仪,租用或购买扫描仪在经济上也不可行。即使可以找到免费服务,基尔萨奇的枪也在一个安全的军事设施中,这使得第三方公司可能无法进入。相反,有必要以最小的费用测量火炮的内径。一个临时系统是用一个复印架和一个消费级激光测量设备开发的。该系统被运送到NHHC的存储设施,并成功用于测量Kearsarge Dahlgren的炮膛,确认了正确的图纸,并使Monitor的火炮能够进一步处理。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation into the Pigments Present on the Late Paintings and Ephemera of Barnett Newman: Context and Correlations Barnett Newman后期绘画和短剧中颜料的调查:语境与关联
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2117770
C. Rogge, Bradford A. Epley
ABSTRACT Barnett Newman, a seminal figure in the Abstract Expressionist movement, is known to have used Bocour Magna, Aqua-tec, and oil paints. XRF analysis reveals that paints on his paintings dating from 1967 to 1970 and on his undated ephemera in the Center for the Technical Study of Modern Art at Harvard Museum and the Menil Collection most often do not correspond to the pure historic Bocour paints available for analysis. Newman likely mixed his paints to create specific colors, and multiple instances of his revision of color have been documented. Some of the paints on the paintings are similar to unlabeled jars of red and blue acrylic paints found in his studio after his death, which could contain bespoke formulations created for Newman by the Bocour Company. The white paints and grounds present on the paintings and ephemera are all titanium white based; early works have no calcium, but later works have increasing amounts, suggesting that Newman may have been adding more calcium carbonate as an extender over time. The similarities in white paints on groups of paintings and ephemera suggests Newman used a given paint mixture on multiple objects, which would allow temporal relationships between those objects to be established. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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引用次数: 0
Potential Pesticide Contamination in Repatriated Artifacts in African Museums: The Need for the Adoption of Safety Protocols for Access and Use of Hazardous Artifacts 非洲博物馆归还文物中潜在的农药污染:需要通过危险文物获取和使用安全协议
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2104576
Davison Chiwara, S. O’Connell, M. Loubser
ABSTRACT This article discusses the issue of potential pesticide contaminants in artifacts that are being repatriated by museums from the global north to Africa. It highlights that the issue of scientific testing of artifacts for harmful pesticide contaminants is missing from the repatriation discourse in African museums. Consequently, safety protocols for handling and use of these potentially contaminated artifacts have not been established in some African museums. This is worsened by lack of legislations that enforce the testing of the artifacts and the establishment of safety protocols for accessing them. This exposes museum staff, researchers and other visitors to health effects caused by toxic chemicals in artifacts. In light of this, the article recommends that repatriation of artefacts to African museums should be preceded by scientific testing of artifacts to determine the possible toxic pesticide contaminants on them, and to establish safety protocols for their handling and use. Further, it argues that qualified collections care staff and conservators from African museums should be involved in repatriation negotiations to enforce scientific testing of artifacts and establish safety measures for their handling and use before they are repatriated to Africa. The article also recommends that pesticide treatment information should accompany repatriated artifacts.
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引用次数: 1
Editorial 编辑
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2140954
J. M. del Hoyo-Meléndez
I am happy to introduce the last issue in 2022 of the Journal of the American Institute for Conservation. This issue features five manuscripts reporting on current conservation topics, which we hope will be of interest to our community. The topics covered in these papers align with this year’s 50th AIC Annual Meeting theme, “Reflecting on the Past, Imagining the Future.” In addition to featuring new treatment methodologies, analytical techniques, and conservation materials, the AIC Annual Meeting stressed the importance of reflecting on how the cultural heritage conservation field has evolved since the incorporation of the American Institute for Conservation in 1972. The lessons learned over the past 50 years will help us establish and achieve new goals for the future. The articles presented in this issue continue to expand on these issues. This final issue of the year starts with an article on the analysis of daylight fluorescent pigments by Schmidtke Sobeck, Chen, and Smith, specifically dealing with how to identify these materials with the goal of differentiating the pigment sources and making informed decisions at the time of selecting a conservation treatment. The second article in this issue demonstrates how enhancing the understanding of photographic materials and their degradation continues to be a priority in our field. Hiebert et al. report on the chemistry and degradation of glass photographic plates with the purpose of developing a preservation strategy for this important group of cultural heritage objects. Next is an article by Davis et al. that examines a group of Egyptian wood statues in terms of their wood type, pigments, binding media, decorative elements, and degradation. The authors then offer further details about the conservation treatment protocol, which focused on the consolidation of the substrate and paint layer together with gap filling. Sterp Moga and Sánchez Ortiz present an alternative method to traditional ones for fixing color and preparation layers in contemporary paintings that use neodymium magnets. This study builds on previous research by Spicer, who in 2016 published an article in JAIC that describes in detail the components of the magnetic system and the use of magnets in conservation (Spicer 2016). Of special interest to objects conservators may be the article by Chao, which presents an easy and inexpensive microchemical test for determining the presence of magnesium ion, which can be an indicator of magnesium corrosion. In this way, the author provides a way of identifying the alloy with the objective of selecting an adequate conservation treatment for objects containing magnesium parts such as satellites. I would like to thank the editorial board members and editorial staff for their ongoing commitment to the standards to which JAIC aims. Our goals can only be achieved through their continuous support. I hope you enjoy this issue and look forward to your contributions to the journal.
我很高兴向大家介绍《美国自然保护研究所学报》2022年的最后一期。本期特刊刊载了五份报告当前保育主题的手稿,希望能引起社会的兴趣。这些论文所涵盖的主题与今年第50届AIC年会的主题“反思过去,想象未来”相一致。除了展示新的处理方法、分析技术和保护材料外,AIC年会还强调了反思自1972年美国保护研究所成立以来文化遗产保护领域如何发展的重要性。过去50年的经验教训将有助于我们确立和实现未来的新目标。本期文章将继续对这些问题进行扩展。本年度的最后一期以Schmidtke Sobeck、Chen和Smith的一篇关于日光荧光色素分析的文章开始,具体讨论了如何识别这些材料,以区分色素来源,并在选择保护处理时做出明智的决定。本期的第二篇文章展示了如何提高对摄影材料及其降解的理解仍然是我们这个领域的优先事项。Hiebert等人报道了玻璃照相底片的化学和降解,目的是为这一重要的文化遗产制定保护策略。接下来是戴维斯等人的一篇文章,该文章从木材类型、颜料、结合介质、装饰元素和降解方面研究了一组埃及木雕像。作者随后提供了有关保护处理方案的进一步细节,该方案侧重于基材和油漆层的巩固以及间隙填充。Sterp Moga和Sánchez Ortiz提出了一种替代传统方法的方法,可以在使用钕磁铁的当代绘画中固定颜色和准备层。这项研究建立在Spicer之前的研究基础上,他于2016年在JAIC上发表了一篇文章,详细描述了磁系统的组成部分以及磁铁在守恒中的使用(Spicer 2016)。文物保护者特别感兴趣的可能是Chao的文章,它提出了一种简单而廉价的微量化学测试方法来测定镁离子的存在,镁离子可以作为镁腐蚀的指标。通过这种方式,作者提供了一种识别合金的方法,目的是为含镁部件(如卫星)的物体选择适当的保护处理。我要感谢编辑委员会成员和编辑人员对JAIC目标标准的持续承诺。我们的目标只有通过他们的持续支持才能实现。我希望你喜欢这一期,并期待你对杂志的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in Storing and Monitoring Mercury-tin Amalgam Mirrors 汞锡合金镜的储存与监测研究进展
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2097810
M. Desrochers, William R. Donnelly, M. King, Rosie Grayburn
ABSTRACT Tin-mercury amalgam mirrors are ubiquitous amongst historical collections worldwide. They present potential human health risks as they degrade, releasing liquid mercury and mercury vapor. Over the last decade, care of degrading mirrors at Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library has evolved to their present storage: removing dripping mirrors from exhibition and into a limited-access storage space. Using a Jerome Mercury sensor, various methods for storage were evaluated for the buildup of mercury vapor. Mercury vapor accumulated within a plastic bag surrounding a dripping mirror, informing an open-design tray storage solution. While these trays catch drips at the source, they are open to ambient air to allow small volumes of vapor to dissipate. Updated practices for mirror storage, monitoring, and maintenance prioritize staff safety and object preservation.
锡汞合金镜子在世界各地的历史收藏品中无处不在。它们在降解时释放液态汞和汞蒸气,对人类健康构成潜在风险。在过去的十年里,温特图尔博物馆、花园和图书馆(Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library)对退化镜子的护理已经发展到现在的储存方式:从展览中移走滴水的镜子,进入一个有限的存储空间。使用杰罗姆汞传感器,对汞蒸气积累的各种储存方法进行了评估。水银蒸汽聚集在一个塑料袋周围的滴水的镜子,通知一个开放设计的托盘存储解决方案。当这些托盘在源头捕获水滴时,它们对周围空气开放,以允许小体积的蒸汽消散。更新镜像存储、监控和维护实践,优先考虑员工安全和对象保存。
{"title":"Advances in Storing and Monitoring Mercury-tin Amalgam Mirrors","authors":"M. Desrochers, William R. Donnelly, M. King, Rosie Grayburn","doi":"10.1080/01971360.2022.2097810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01971360.2022.2097810","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tin-mercury amalgam mirrors are ubiquitous amongst historical collections worldwide. They present potential human health risks as they degrade, releasing liquid mercury and mercury vapor. Over the last decade, care of degrading mirrors at Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library has evolved to their present storage: removing dripping mirrors from exhibition and into a limited-access storage space. Using a Jerome Mercury sensor, various methods for storage were evaluated for the buildup of mercury vapor. Mercury vapor accumulated within a plastic bag surrounding a dripping mirror, informing an open-design tray storage solution. While these trays catch drips at the source, they are open to ambient air to allow small volumes of vapor to dissipate. Updated practices for mirror storage, monitoring, and maintenance prioritize staff safety and object preservation.","PeriodicalId":17165,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Institute for Conservation","volume":"62 1","pages":"213 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45609447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lascaux Adhesives in Objects Conservation: Three Practical Case Studies on Leather, Skin, and Entomological Specimens Lascaux粘合剂在物体保护中的应用:皮革、皮肤和昆虫标本的三个实际案例研究
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2093538
F. Ritchie, Bethany Palumbo
ABSTRACT Although BEVA 371 film is almost synonymous with leather and skin repairs because of its flexibility and ease of use, Lascaux adhesives 498HV, 303HV (formerly 360HV), and 498 20-X have also been used for years on these types of object treatments with successful results. Not only do they adhere well to leather and skin, but also to entomological specimens and other related organics. Lascaux adhesives are easy to handle, remain flexible when set, and adapt to different situations. This article explains multiple application methods: direct wet-application, as a heat-activated and solvent-activated coated lining, pressure-sensitive tape, and as a bulked adhesive shapeable fill material. Because original substrates are often thin or associated with areas of loss, suitable lining materials and bulking agents are also reviewed. Three case studies – a vegetable tanned leather doctor's bag, pinned butterflies, and a taxidermy golden eagle – demonstrate how the materials can be used in multiple treatment steps.
摘要尽管BEVA 371薄膜由于其灵活性和易用性几乎是皮革和皮肤修复的代名词,但Lascaux粘合剂498HV、303HV(前身为360HV)和498 20-X也已用于这些类型的物体处理多年,并取得了成功。它们不仅能很好地粘附在皮革和皮肤上,还能粘附在昆虫学标本和其他相关有机物上。Lascaux粘合剂易于处理,在设置时保持灵活性,并适用于不同的情况。本文介绍了多种应用方法:直接湿涂,作为热活化和溶剂活化的涂层衬里,压敏胶带,以及作为膨胀的粘合剂可成型填充材料。由于原始基质通常很薄或与损失区域有关,因此还对合适的衬里材料和填充剂进行了审查。三个案例研究——一个植物鞣皮医生包、别蝴蝶和一只动物标本金雕——展示了这些材料如何用于多种治疗步骤。
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引用次数: 0
The Next Generation of MS2A Resin: MS3 下一代MS2A树脂:MS3
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2050637
Deborah Lau, S. Saubern, David L J Alexander, Oliver E. Hutt, Carl Villis
ABSTRACT MS2A was a reduced ketone resin and a preferred varnish for many painting conservators but ceased production in 2014. To remedy this, a new, more consistent manufacturing process has recently been developed and the next generation of resin designed with replicated chemistry is called MS3. Direct comparison between MS3 and MS2A is limited as no fresh samples of MS2A exist, so work presented here focuses primarily on the performance and characteristics of MS3 compared to literature reports of MS2A, and comparisons to older reference samples of MS2A. Refractive index, gloss, glass transition temperature, and molecular weight are presented. MS3 and comparative low molecular weight varnish resins were artificially aged and examined using FTIR and color measurements. Practical handling and performance were evaluated by varnishing two oil paintings. This study has shown that new MS3 resin demonstrates consistency with older samples of MS2A alongside improvements in keto-reduction, color, flow, and batch to batch consistency.
摘要MS2A是一种还原酮树脂,也是许多油漆保护装置的首选清漆,但于2014年停产。为了解决这一问题,最近开发了一种新的、更一致的制造工艺,采用复制化学设计的下一代树脂被称为MS3。由于不存在MS2A的新样本,MS3和MS2A之间的直接比较受到限制,因此本文的工作主要集中在MS3与MS2A的文献报告相比的性能和特征,以及与MS2A旧参考样本的比较。给出了折射率、光泽度、玻璃化转变温度和分子量。MS3和比较低分子量清漆树脂被人工老化,并使用FTIR和颜色测量进行检查。通过对两幅油画进行上光处理来评估实际操作和性能。这项研究表明,新的MS3树脂与旧的MS2A样品表现出一致性,同时在酮还原、颜色、流动性和批次间一致性方面也有所改善。
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引用次数: 0
At the Core of the Problem: A Bespoke Method Used to Clean the Bores of USS Monitor’s XI-Inch Dahlgren Shell Guns 问题的核心:一种用于清洗美国海军“监视器”号11英寸Dahlgren炮弹炮膛的定制方法
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2031458
E. Farrell
ABSTRACT When the turret from USS Monitor (1862) was recovered in 2002, it still contained the ship’s primary armament: two XI-Inch Dahlgren Shell Guns. These guns are the largest caliber smoothbore, cast iron artillery ever recovered from a marine archaeological site, and as a result of their size, weight, and fragile condition they represented a particular engineering challenge to clean. After comparing equipment used by other conservation laboratories to clean artillery bores, it was found that no existing method ideally fitted the predicted requirements set out for the guns from USS Monitor. As such it was necessary to create a new method to remove concretion from within the ship’s artillery, in order to facilitate their future stabilization and treatment. This article describes the reasoning behind the decision to create a bespoke treatment methodology, details the equipment designs and construction, and provides a case study for its operation.
摘要2002年,当美国海军“监视器”号(1862年)的炮塔被回收时,它仍然包含着该舰的主要装备:两门XI-英寸达尔格伦炮弹炮。这些火炮是有史以来从海洋考古遗址中发现的最大口径滑膛铸铁火炮,由于它们的尺寸、重量和脆弱状况,它们代表了一项特殊的工程清洁挑战。在比较了其他保护实验室用于清洁炮膛的设备后,发现没有任何现有方法能够理想地满足美国海军监测号对火炮的预测要求。因此,有必要创造一种新的方法来清除舰炮内的结核,以促进其未来的稳定和治疗。本文描述了创建定制治疗方法的决定背后的原因,详细介绍了设备设计和施工,并为其操作提供了案例研究。
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引用次数: 1
A Spot Test for Mg2+ to Characterize Magnesium Corrosion 镁腐蚀的Mg2+斑点试验
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2050638
Raina Chao
ABSTRACT Magnesium alloys are often found on cultural heritage materials since their properties, including high strength and light weight, make them ideal for structural industrial applications. However, they are also highly reactive and prone to corrosion. Corrosion often presents as a white powder that can be easily mistaken for polish residue or other accretions when less severe. Manufacturers typically combat this corrosion risk with protective paint or conversion coatings, which can make it difficult to recognize magnesium alloys. The identification of magnesium alloys often relies on connoisseurship and knowledge of typical corrosion, coatings, or surface finishes, which can be difficult for those encountering the material for the first time or in nonspecialized collections. Identification through analytical means such as XRF, if available, is also complicated by magnesium's low atomic mass. As correct alloy identification is most important when there is corrosion that requires treatment, this note presents a simple microchemical spot test for the presence of the magnesium ion that can be used to confirm magnesium corrosion, and thus characterize the alloy and help determine the priority and type of treatment. This small-scale, wet chemistry test relies on relatively common and inexpensive reagents, making it widely accessible.
摘要:镁合金经常出现在文化遗产材料中,因为其高强度和轻量化的特性使其成为结构工业应用的理想材料。然而,它们的反应性也很强,容易腐蚀。腐蚀通常表现为白色粉末,当不太严重时,很容易被误认为是抛光残留物或其他附着物。制造商通常会使用保护漆或转化涂层来应对这种腐蚀风险,这会使识别镁合金变得困难。镁合金的鉴定通常依赖于对典型腐蚀、涂层或表面光洁度的鉴赏力和知识,这对于第一次接触或非专业收藏的材料来说可能很困难。如果可用的话,通过XRF等分析手段进行识别也因镁的低原子质量而变得复杂。由于当存在需要处理的腐蚀时,正确的合金识别是最重要的,因此本说明提供了一个简单的镁离子存在的微化学点测试,可用于确认镁腐蚀,从而表征合金并有助于确定处理的优先级和类型。这种小规模的湿化学测试依赖于相对常见且廉价的试剂,因此可以广泛使用。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
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