Journal of the American Institute for Conservation最新文献_第4页

Description and distribution of three morphotypes of the Eucyclopsserrulatus group (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Algerian water bodies. 阿尔及利亚水体中 Eucyclopsserrulatus 类（甲壳纲、桡足目、环足目）三种形态的描述和分布。

IF 1.3 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-03-02 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e100981

Safia Akli-Bidi

Background: Examination of Eucyclops populations coming from Algerian water bodies and identified as Eucyclopscf.serrulatus showed three morphotypes, based on morphometric characters and microcharacters. Morphotype 1 was the most abundant, collected in the east and the west of Algeria. Morphotype 2 was sampled in the south of the country, characterised by posterolaterally elongated thoracic segments and the fourth thoracic segment bearing cilia on its lateral angles. Morphotype 3 was found in a small temporary pond in the north of the country and was the smallest one. Other differences were observed on surface microcharacters of antenna basipodite, coxopodite and intercoxal plate of the fourth leg. The characters of the most widespread morphotype (morphotype1) were stable in all localities despite the fact that these were located in two geographically separated regions (eastern and western Algeria).

New information: Three morphotypes of Eucyclopsserrulatus group (Fisher, 1851) (Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida) from Algerian water bodies were identified. The characters of the most widespread morphotype (morphotype 1) were stable in all localities despite the fact that these were located in two geographically separated regions (eastern and western Algeria).

背景：对来自阿尔及利亚水体并被鉴定为 Eucyclopscf.serrulatus 的 Eucyclops 种群进行的研究显示，根据形态特征和微特征，Eucyclopscf.serrulatus 有三种形态类型。形态 1 在阿尔及利亚东部和西部采集到的数量最多。形态 2 在该国南部采样，其特征是胸节后侧拉长，第四胸节侧角有纤毛。形态 3 出现在该国北部的一个小型临时池塘中，体型最小。其他差异还体现在触角基节、尾节和第四条腿的腋间板的表面微特征上。最普遍的形态类型（形态类型 1）的特征在所有地点都很稳定，尽管这些地点位于两个地理位置不同的地区（阿尔及利亚东部和西部）：新信息：从阿尔及利亚水体中鉴定了 Eucyclopsserrulatus 组（Fisher，1851 年）（甲壳纲，桡足类，环口目）的三种形态。最普遍的形态（形态 1）的特征在所有地点都很稳定，尽管这些地点位于两个地理位置不同的地区（阿尔及利亚东部和西部）。

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引用次数: 0

Small Museum Research Strategies at the Alaska State Museum 阿拉斯加州立博物馆的小型博物馆研究策略

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2148874

Ellen Carrlee

ABSTRACT The Alaska State Museum in Juneau is a small, remote institution that must lean heavily on cultivating relationships with experts in other disciplines, graduate interns, and conservation colleagues, as well as adherence to three interrelated guiding principles to carry out research with its limited staff, sole conservator, and small budget. The first principle is called comparative observation with known positives and negatives. Examples include using microchemical spot testing, polarized light microscopy, and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The second principle is defined as a preponderance of the evidence and will be illustrated through the characterization of indigenous and archaeological objects such as the Alaska Fur ID project and generation of a collections care “What’s That White Stuff” blog for small museums. The third principle is referred to as collaborative consensus, using examples of testing of adhesives for collections labeling, treatments of waterlogged archaeological basketry, and ongoing research about dyes used in Chilkat robes combining the expertise of a local group of weavers with GCMS analysis performed at Portland State University through the Pacific Northwest Conservation Science Consortium serving to highlight this concept. This manuscript shows how adherence to these principles has generated practical research results for more than twenty years.

摘要位于朱诺的阿拉斯加州立博物馆是一个小型、偏远的机构，必须大力培养与其他学科专家、研究生实习生和保护同事的关系，并遵守三个相互关联的指导原则，以有限的人员、唯一的保护人和少量的预算开展研究。第一个原理被称为与已知的阳性和阴性的比较观察。实例包括使用微化学斑点测试、偏振光显微镜和x射线荧光（XRF）光谱法。第二个原则被定义为证据的优势，并将通过对土著和考古物品的表征来说明，如阿拉斯加毛皮ID项目和为小型博物馆创建一个收藏关怀博客“What's That White Stuff”。第三个原则被称为合作共识，使用了用于藏品标签的粘合剂测试、浸水考古篮的处理、，以及正在进行的关于Chilkat长袍中使用的染料的研究，结合了当地一组编织者的专业知识和波特兰州立大学通过太平洋西北保护科学联盟进行的GCMS分析，旨在强调这一概念。这份手稿展示了20多年来对这些原则的坚持是如何产生实际研究成果的。

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引用次数: 0

Integration of Laboratory and Field Measurements on Soil and Bronze Artifacts: Facilitating Conservation Treatment and Management of Archaeological Collections 土壤和青铜制品的实验室和现场测量一体化：促进考古藏品的保护处理和管理

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2143165

I. MacLeod, Alice Boccia Paterakis

ABSTRACT Chloride ion, pH, and voltage (redox potential) measurements were conducted in the field and conservation laboratory on soil and copper alloy artifacts deriving from two archaeological sites of the Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology, Kaman-Kalehöyük (Kırşehir) and Büklükale (Kirikkale), in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The project established the impact of the burial environmental conditions on the state of the recovered metal artifacts and applied this information to the subsequent conservation management of the metal artifacts in the collection. These measurements may be used to determine the degree of stability of the metal artifacts for their long-term preservation. Based on the test results a conservation plan may be drafted according to three options: (1) active conservation intervention (e.g., treating with a chemical corrosion inhibitor or desalination); (2) preventive conservation through control of the environment; and (3) no protective measures necessary. Recommendations for conservators include simple tests on soil and representative artifacts as a guide to predict decay behavior for post-excavation collection management. These test protocols may be applied to the interpretation of material degradation at all archaeological sites and may be adapted for other porous materials. A decision-making model is provided in a flow chart.

在土耳其安纳托利亚中部，日本安纳托利亚考古研究所Kaman-Kalehöyük (Kırşehir)和b kl kale (Kirikkale)两个考古遗址的土壤和铜合金文物的现场和保护实验室进行了氯离子、pH和电压(氧化还原电位)测量。该项目确定了埋藏环境条件对回收金属文物状态的影响，并将这些信息应用于后续的金属文物保护管理。这些测量可以用来确定金属文物的长期保存的稳定程度。根据测试结果，可以根据以下三种选择起草保护计划:(1)积极的保护干预(例如，用化学缓蚀剂或海水淡化处理);(二)通过控制环境进行预防性养护;(三)不需要采取防护措施的。保护人员的建议包括对土壤和代表性文物进行简单测试，作为预测挖掘后收集管理的腐烂行为的指南。这些测试方案可应用于所有考古遗址的材料降解解释，并可适用于其他多孔材料。决策模型以流程图的形式提供。

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引用次数: 0

Pedal to the Metals: Preserving Automotive Racing History 脚踏金属:保存汽车赛车的历史

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2144023

Roxine Dunbar, Lisa Imamura

ABSTRACT The Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum collections encompass vehicles, memorabilia, art, and archives documenting the history of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. During a preservation needs assessment conducted by the Conservation Center for Art & Historic Artifacts (CCAHA), Museum staff pointed out tarnish and corrosion on the trophies in the memorabilia collection. This raised a number of questions, foremost being, “What should the museum do to slow down the deterioration of these metal objects?” The two institutions embarked on a collaborative research project aimed at answering this question. Existing literature supplied best practices, but the Museum wanted solutions specific to its needs and priorities. The Museum’s collections manager and CCAHA’s preventive conservation fellow worked together to investigate air quality on a modest budget and timeline. This case study explores the cost-effective and low-maintenance methods that were used to monitor environmental conditions, dust, acid off-gassing, and metal corrosion: dataloggers, sticky dust collectors, A-D Strips, and metal coupons. Evidence-based testing informed, educated, and initiated progress in collections care. The techniques can be adapted by a diverse range of collecting institutions that similarly do not have access to high-tech analytical equipment.

摘要印第安纳波利斯赛车场博物馆收藏了记录印第安纳波利斯赛道历史的车辆、纪念品、艺术品和档案。在艺术与历史文物保护中心（CCAHA）进行的一次保护需求评估中，博物馆工作人员指出，纪念品收藏中的奖杯有污点和腐蚀。这引发了许多问题，最重要的是，“博物馆应该做些什么来减缓这些金属物品的退化？”这两个机构开始了一个旨在回答这个问题的合作研究项目。现有文献提供了最佳实践，但博物馆想要针对其需求和优先事项的解决方案。博物馆的藏品经理和CCAHA的预防性保护研究员合作，在适度的预算和时间内调查空气质量。本案例研究探讨了用于监测环境条件、灰尘、酸性废气和金属腐蚀的成本效益高、维护成本低的方法：数据记录器、粘性集尘器、A-D条带和金属试片。基于证据的检测为收集护理提供了信息、教育并启动了进展。这些技术可以由各种各样的收集机构进行调整，这些机构同样无法获得高科技分析设备。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptation of a Standard Industrial Peel Test for Testing Consolidants in the Conservation Studio 采用标准工业剥离试验在保护工作室测试固化剂

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2130982

Noa Kollaard, W. Wei

ABSTRACT Adhesives and consolidant strength play a major role in many conservation treatments. In industry, adhesive strength is often determined using standardized tests including 90° peel tests. However, not all conservation studios have or can afford mechanical testing equipment for such tests, although it is often readily accessible at third-party facilities. For a university conservation project, an international standard 90° peel test was modified to study the adhesive strength of consolidants for zinc white paints. Consolidants were applied to painting canvas strips, which were then adhered to zinc white paint layers on glass supports. The strips were peeled downward by continually adding fine sand to a cup attached to the end of the canvas strips. Video recordings were made of the continual loading and sudden stepwise extensions of the peeling samples, so that step-wise force - peel length curves could be plotted for each specimen. The data combined with examination of the peeled surfaces provided important qualitative information over strength and toughness (ductility/brittleness) for comparing the tested consolidant-zinc white systems. The adapted peel test is therefore a valuable method for testing adhesives and consolidants in the conservation studio. However, one must avoid overinterpreting the results, since consolidant selection depends on more factors than just mechanical properties.

胶粘剂和固结强度在许多保护治疗中起着重要作用。在工业中，粘合强度通常使用标准化测试来确定，包括90°剥离测试。然而，并不是所有的保护工作室都有或能够负担得起这种测试的机械测试设备，尽管第三方设施通常很容易获得。为一所大学的保护工程，对国际标准的90°剥离试验进行了修改，以研究锌白漆固结剂的粘接强度。将固化剂应用于绘画帆布条，然后将其粘附在玻璃支架上的锌白漆层上。将细沙不断地倒入固定在帆布条末端的杯子中，使帆布条向下剥落。对剥离试样的连续加载和突然的逐步延伸进行录像，以便绘制出每个试样的逐步力剥长度曲线。该数据结合对剥离表面的检查，为比较已测试的固结-锌白体系提供了关于强度和韧性(延展性/脆性)的重要定性信息。因此，适应性剥离测试是在保护工作室测试粘合剂和固结剂的一种有价值的方法。然而，必须避免过度解释结果，因为固结剂的选择取决于更多因素，而不仅仅是机械性能。

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引用次数: 0

Wavelength Selection Using a Modified Camera to Improve Image-Based 3D Reconstruction of Heritage Objects 使用改进的相机进行波长选择以改进基于图像的文物三维重建

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2111501

E. K. Webb, S. Robson, R. Evans, Ariel O’Connor

ABSTRACT Tools for image-based 3D-reconstruction are commonly used for cultural heritage applications; however, wider usage has increased variability in the quality of output 3D models. Geometric variations between 3D models acquired with differing methods make metric conservation applications such as condition monitoring and measuring change over time challenging. This article presents an investigation of wavelength selection using a modified off-the-shelf DSLR camera and bandpass filters to improve input image quality in a 3D-reconstruction study of a wooden sculpture of a coyote and turtle from the Smithsonian American Art Museum. The sculpture has a large crack of concern to conservators, but its curved, dark shiny surface challenges image-based dimensional monitoring. Selecting infrared wavelengths rather than the visible light for 3D reconstruction input images reduced specular surface reflections and improved image contrast resulting in improved recording of the 3D shape. 3D-reconstructions using infrared radiation produce better reconstructions than those using visible light. In this case reconstructed surface discrepancies between visible light are ∼0.6 mm whilst those using infrared are ∼0.3 mm. Results suggest that reflected infrared images are more forgiving and flexible for recording 3D data over time for dark, shiny wooden surfaces and thus improve the reliability and comparability of image-based 3D-reconstruction.

基于图像的三维重建工具通常用于文化遗产应用；然而，更广泛的使用增加了输出3D模型的质量的可变性。用不同方法获取的3D模型之间的几何变化使条件监测和测量随时间变化等度量守恒应用具有挑战性。本文介绍了在史密森尼美国艺术博物馆的一个郊狼和乌龟木雕的3D重建研究中，使用改进的现成单反相机和带通滤波器来提高输入图像质量的波长选择研究。这座雕塑有一个很大的裂缝，引起了保护人员的关注，但它弯曲、深色、有光泽的表面对基于图像的尺寸监控提出了挑战。为3D重建输入图像选择红外波长而不是可见光减少了镜面反射并改善了图像对比度，从而改善了3D形状的记录。使用红外辐射的3D重建比使用可见光的重建效果更好。在这种情况下，可见光之间的重建表面差异为～0.6 毫米，而使用红外线的为～0.3 结果表明，反射红外图像对于随着时间的推移记录深色、有光泽的木质表面的3D数据更宽容和灵活，从而提高了基于图像的3D重建的可靠性和可比性。

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引用次数: 1

Tailoring Cleaning Systems for the Removal of Bronze Paint and Soiling From a J.M.W. Turner Gilded Frame 从特纳镀金框架上去除青铜漆和污垢的裁剪清洗系统

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2023-01-05 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2111498

Inês Bravo

ABSTRACT This paper presents practice-based research designed to support the development and optimization of a successful cleaning methodology for an oil gilded J. M. W. Turner (1755–1851) frame in Tate's collection. The 3-dimensional ornate nature of this object posed additional challenges with respect to the development of a cleaning strategy, as the handling of gels on topographically complex gilded surfaces can be particularly problematic. Within a limited timeframe and without the use of sophisticated equipment, a comparative evaluation of a range of cleaning systems was designed to assess the efficacy of the removal of heavy soiling and bronze overpaint from this complex oil-gilt frame. This evaluation methodology entailed three different stages to better compare and select a suitable cleaning system. Free solvents, gels, and various emulsifiers were evaluated through empirical observation and documented using star diagrams (Excel radar charts), ultraviolet light, microscopy, and cross-section examination. The results indicated that hydrolyzed poly(vinyl acetate)-borate gels and modified silicone-based emulsions successfully removed the soiling and bronze overpaint while posing minimal risk to the oil gilded surface.

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引用次数: 0

Deconstructing the Creation of Daguerre’s dessins-fumées: A Photographic Process or Just Smoke and Mirrors? 解构达盖尔香水的创作：摄影过程还是烟雾和镜子？

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2111500

Sarah K. Freeman, Michelle Sullivan, Nathan S. Daly, Karen Hellman, Lynn Lee

ABSTRACT In the years before the public announcement of the daguerreotype process in 1839, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre and others experimented with variations on photographic processes, including a heretofore mysterious process used to create a group of objects known as dessins-fumées (or smoke drawings). Exacting in style and miniature in scale, each depicts one of a limited number of architectural motifs in black media. While compositions are repeated within the small set of known dessins-fumées, variations in superficial details and shading are observed between “copies.” The J. Paul Getty Museum has two of these rare objects, Moorish Arch and Courtyard of a Gothic Castle. The black materials used by Daguerre were characterized with non-invasive analytical methods, including digital microscopy, macro x-ray fluorescence scanning, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman micro-spectroscopy; mockups were created to assess their potential methods of application. This research revealed that the Getty dessins-fumées are drawings and not produced by photographic or printmaking techniques. This study also characterizes the materials used to create the drawings and confirm the order in which they were applied. They are discussed with respect to how they address the uncertainty surrounding the development of photographic processes by Daguerre and others in the 1820s and 1830s.

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引用次数: 0

Growing Pains: Characterization of Efflorescence on a Large-Scale Magnesium Relief by Frank Stella 生长的疼痛：Frank Stella对大规模镁缓解的渗出特征

IF 0.5 4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/01971360.2022.2111499

Abed Haddad, Joy Bloser, E. Mulvihill, Lynda Zycherman

引用次数: 0

Psychological Predictors of Adherence to Self-Care Behaviour amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Visiting Public Hospital, North India. 在印度北部公立医院就诊的 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 患者坚持自我护理行为的心理预测因素。

4区社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of the American Institute for Conservation

Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_116_22

Divya Rana, Rajesh Kumar, Ravi Kant

Background and aims: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) need a high degree of self-care behavior, treatment adherence, and good psychological health. Psychological health play a vital role in adherence to treatment regimen and self-management of diabetes. This study aims to identify the psychological predictors of self-care behaviors among patients with T2DM.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted at a diabetic clinic at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Structured pre-tested personal and clinical profile and self-efficacy, diabetes distress, depression and anxiety, and complications and fear of developing hypoglycaemia due to diabetes mellitus in the future are measured through standardized questionnaires.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 53.5 (±3.68) years, and 41.4% were in the overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9) and obese (16.7%, BMI > 30) category. Self-care behaviours found significant association with self-efficacy (r = 0.34, P < 0.001), anxiety (r = -0.28, P < 0.001), depression (r = -0.28, P < 0.001) and diabetes-related distress (r = -0.30, P < 0.001). Further, self-efficacy (P = 0.001), diabetes distress (P < 0.001) and fear of developing hypoglycaemia (P < 0.001) were reported independent predictors of self-care behaviour in patients with T2DM.

Conclusions: The current study suggests that self-efficacy, fear of hypoglycaemia and emotional state played an important role in adherence to self-care behaviour in T2DM management. Patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely screened for psychological factors at diabetes clinics. Thus, developing tailored interventions to raise belief and self-efficacy might be a useful way to increase the involvement of patients in treatment.

背景和目的：2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者需要高度的自我保健行为、坚持治疗和良好的心理健康。心理健康对坚持治疗方案和自我管理糖尿病起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在确定 T2DM 患者自我护理行为的心理预测因素：在印度北部一家三级医院的糖尿病诊所进行了一项描述性横断面调查。通过标准化问卷测量了预先测试的个人和临床概况、自我效能感、糖尿病困扰、抑郁和焦虑、并发症以及对未来因糖尿病导致低血糖的恐惧：参与者的平均年龄为 53.5 (±3.68) 岁，41.4% 属于超重（体重指数：25.0-29.9）和肥胖（16.7%，体重指数大于 30）类别。自我护理行为与自我效能（r = 0.34，P < 0.001）、焦虑（r = -0.28，P < 0.001）、抑郁（r = -0.28，P < 0.001）和糖尿病相关困扰（r = -0.30，P < 0.001）有显著关联。此外，据报道，自我效能（P = 0.001）、糖尿病困扰（P < 0.001）和对发生低血糖的恐惧（P < 0.001）是 T2DM 患者自我护理行为的独立预测因素：本研究表明，自我效能感、对低血糖的恐惧和情绪状态在 T2DM 患者坚持自我护理行为中发挥着重要作用。糖尿病诊所应定期对糖尿病患者进行心理因素筛查。因此，制定有针对性的干预措施来提高患者的信念和自我效能，可能是提高患者参与治疗的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0