Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-3
Arushi Saloki, T. Kukreja, S. Gaikwad, Arvind Kumar, Ayush Parker, Bhavana Dowand, Chetna Sahu, Damini Mali, S. Saraf
There are many different equipment and techniques for an aesthetic skin evaluation, efficacy testing, claim support, and objective measurements of women’s skin parameters for all applications. Women have softer skin than men. Nothing commercially available in terms of moisture, oiliness, color, texture, etc existed over 20 years ago. Fortunately, several cost-effective ways are available to quantify these characteristics and compare them before and after a treatment or application. Before distributing the finished product to outside testing facilities for the final validation, the cosmetic business conducts these tests at different stages of product development to determine the product’s direction. In this review, we have summarized the C+K devices that are acknowledged as industry-standard tools for assessing efficacy in the fields of cosmetics and the types of equipment used for the cosmetic evaluation of the skin.
{"title":"Cosmetic Testing Equipment: Device and Types of Equipment for Dermatological Evaluation for Women’s Skin","authors":"Arushi Saloki, T. Kukreja, S. Gaikwad, Arvind Kumar, Ayush Parker, Bhavana Dowand, Chetna Sahu, Damini Mali, S. Saraf","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are many different equipment and techniques for an aesthetic skin evaluation, efficacy testing, claim support, and objective measurements of women’s skin parameters for all applications. Women have softer skin than men. Nothing commercially available in terms of moisture, oiliness, color, texture, etc existed over 20 years ago. Fortunately, several cost-effective ways are available to quantify these characteristics and compare them before and after a treatment or application. Before distributing the finished product to outside testing facilities for the final validation, the cosmetic business conducts these tests at different stages of product development to determine the product’s direction. In this review, we have summarized the C+K devices that are acknowledged as industry-standard tools for assessing efficacy in the fields of cosmetics and the types of equipment used for the cosmetic evaluation of the skin. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88047227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-5
T. Kukreja, S. Saraf
Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal agent that is synthesised. Itraconazole has been manufactured into a variety of pharmacological formulations and administered in a variety of ways. Itraconazole pills are used to treat pulmonary fungi that can cause fungal infection and spread throughout the body. Because Itraconazole is not yet officially listed in any pharmacopoeia, only a few procedures for quality control and stability testing in pharmaceutical formulations have been published. The goal of this study is to develop a more precise, easy, and cost-effective spectrophotometric approach for analysing Itraconazole in bulk and capsule dosage forms with improved precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The UV spectroscopic determination was performed with Chloroform as the solvent at an absorption maximum of 267 nm. Linearity over the concentration range in the UV spectroscopic approach. The linearity of Itraconazole over the concentration range was found to be 1-10 g/ml using the UV spectroscopic technique, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The findings of the analyses were statistically and the recovery studies have confirmed this.
{"title":"UV Spectroscopy Analysis for Itraconazole","authors":"T. Kukreja, S. Saraf","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Itraconazole is a triazole antifungal agent that is synthesised. Itraconazole has been manufactured into a variety of pharmacological formulations and administered in a variety of ways. Itraconazole pills are used to treat pulmonary fungi that can cause fungal infection and spread throughout the body. Because Itraconazole is not yet officially listed in any pharmacopoeia, only a few procedures for quality control and stability testing in pharmaceutical formulations have been published. The goal of this study is to develop a more precise, easy, and cost-effective spectrophotometric approach for analysing Itraconazole in bulk and capsule dosage forms with improved precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. The UV spectroscopic determination was performed with Chloroform as the solvent at an absorption maximum of 267 nm. Linearity over the concentration range in the UV spectroscopic approach. The linearity of Itraconazole over the concentration range was found to be 1-10 g/ml using the UV spectroscopic technique, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The findings of the analyses were statistically and the recovery studies have confirmed this. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76767886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-6
A. Verma
A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight into electricity. There are different types of solar cells but in this literature mainly focuses on a type of new dominant solar cell material that has the name organo-metal halide perovskite, namely known as perovskite solar cells, in shortly PSCs . In this respect, the efficiency of power conversion is taken into account to replace the dominancy of traditional and second generation solar cell fields by perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell including a perovskite structure, usually a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide- based material. In this review, a comprehensive study of the perspective challenges and their potential has been highlighted for their future application. There are rigorous research efforts in aspects of device engineering, including physical and chemical passivation, and the use of a wide variety of organic and inorganic additives to develop the advanced PSCs.
{"title":"Challenges and Potential of Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"A. Verma","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-6","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A solar cell is a device that converts sunlight into electricity. There are different types of solar cells but in this literature mainly focuses on a type of new dominant solar cell material that has the name organo-metal halide perovskite, namely known as perovskite solar cells, in shortly PSCs . In this respect, the efficiency of power conversion is taken into account to replace the dominancy of traditional and second generation solar cell fields by perovskite solar cells. Perovskite solar cell is a type of solar cell including a perovskite structure, usually a hybrid organic-inorganic lead or tin halide- based material. In this review, a comprehensive study of the perspective challenges and their potential has been highlighted for their future application. There are rigorous research efforts in aspects of device engineering, including physical and chemical passivation, and the use of a wide variety of organic and inorganic additives to develop the advanced PSCs. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75943014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-7
Shashibala Kindo, M. Rai, Ramsingh Kurrey, Joyce Rai
The hydrolysis of phosphate esters is one of the most fundamental chemical and biochemical reaction. The kinetic solvent effect on the hydrolysis of mono-3, 5-dimethylaniline phosphate has been studied in aqueous mixtures of varying compositions (0-40% v/v) of some protic and aprotic solvents at four different temperatures. The rate of reactions increases with increasing proportion of solvents. Activation parameters (Ea, ΔH≠, ΔG≠, -ΔS≠) have been evaluated. The significance of these parameters have been explained on the basis of solvent-solute interaction, solvent of the transition state of the medium.
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Solvent Effect on the Hydrolysis of Mono-3, 5-Dimethylaniline Phosphate","authors":"Shashibala Kindo, M. Rai, Ramsingh Kurrey, Joyce Rai","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The hydrolysis of phosphate esters is one of the most fundamental chemical and biochemical reaction. The kinetic solvent effect on the hydrolysis of mono-3, 5-dimethylaniline phosphate has been studied in aqueous mixtures of varying compositions (0-40% v/v) of some protic and aprotic solvents at four different temperatures. The rate of reactions increases with increasing proportion of solvents. Activation parameters (Ea, ΔH≠, ΔG≠, -ΔS≠) have been evaluated. The significance of these parameters have been explained on the basis of solvent-solute interaction, solvent of the transition state of the medium. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-1
Mohnish Kumar Sahu, N. Shukla, S. Tiwari
In this paper, simulation of a mono crystalline silicon solar cell was done using PC1D software. The impact of different solar cell parameters, with their effects on power and efficiency, has been investigated. It is seen that the textured surface reduces reflection and increases the efficiency of the solar cell at least 2–3%. From the simulation, it is seen that the optimum value of p-type doping concentration 1 × 10^16 cm^−3, n-type doping concentration 5 × 10^18 cm with pyramid height of 2–3 μm and equal angles of 54.74 degrees produces the best result in simulation. An anti-reflective coating with a refractive index of 1.38 and a thickness of 84 nm is considered optimal. By optimizing the effective parameters, a solar cell with an efficiency of 24.45% was achieved through simulation. For a p-type mono crystalline silicon wafer, with an area of 10 × 10 cm^2 and a thickness of 200 μm, initial simulation shows a 24.45% efficient solar cell.
{"title":"Study of the Enhanced Efficiency of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Optimizing Anti Reflecting Coating using PC1D Simulation","authors":"Mohnish Kumar Sahu, N. Shukla, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, simulation of a mono crystalline silicon solar cell was done using PC1D software. The impact of different solar cell parameters, with their effects on power and efficiency, has been investigated. It is seen that the textured surface reduces reflection and increases the efficiency of the solar cell at least 2–3%. From the simulation, it is seen that the optimum value of p-type doping concentration 1 × 10^16 cm^−3, n-type doping concentration 5 × 10^18 cm with pyramid height of 2–3 μm and equal angles of 54.74 degrees produces the best result in simulation. An anti-reflective coating with a refractive index of 1.38 and a thickness of 84 nm is considered optimal. By optimizing the effective parameters, a solar cell with an efficiency of 24.45% was achieved through simulation. For a p-type mono crystalline silicon wafer, with an area of 10 × 10 cm^2 and a thickness of 200 μm, initial simulation shows a 24.45% efficient solar cell. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83365696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-4
Shweta Ramkar, Hemendra kumar Sahu, Narayan Hemnani, Ravi Parashar, Preeti K. Suresh
Hairs are exposed to a host of endogenous and environmental stress by pollutants, microbial assaults, UV radiation, oxidized scalp lipids, grooming practices and cosmetic treatments which have diverse range of adverse consequences. The exposure to these environmental and cosmetic substances, leads to generation of free radicals, reactive oxygen species in particular, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress generates inflammation, and/or psycho-emotional stress, and also influences the ageing process, including the hair follicle. The term alopecia signifies loss of hair owing to several factors, ultimately resulting in decreased hair density. Cell death on hair follicle (keratinocytes and its distinctive mesenchyme of dermal papilla) have been attributed to mechanisms of oxidative stress, including H2O2, nitric oxide and derivatives, ultraviolet rays, ionizing radiations, endotoxin-induced inflammation, photodynamic therapy and cigarette smoke. Persistent oxidative activities in the body, may generate antioxidant defense systems, which can prevent the attack of biological molecules. In case of androgenic alopecia, copper and zinc was discovered in the disrupted metabolism form in serum, urine and hair of the patients, and data suggests rise in oxidative stress. This review is focused on the effects of the reactive oxygenated species in disturbing the redox balance and inducing oxidative injury that leads to androgenic alopecia.
{"title":"Oxidative stress: Insights into the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alopecia","authors":"Shweta Ramkar, Hemendra kumar Sahu, Narayan Hemnani, Ravi Parashar, Preeti K. Suresh","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2023-35-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hairs are exposed to a host of endogenous and environmental stress by pollutants, microbial assaults, UV radiation, oxidized scalp lipids, grooming practices and cosmetic treatments which have diverse range of adverse consequences. The exposure to these environmental and cosmetic substances, leads to generation of free radicals, reactive oxygen species in particular, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress generates inflammation, and/or psycho-emotional stress, and also influences the ageing process, including the hair follicle. The term alopecia signifies loss of hair owing to several factors, ultimately resulting in decreased hair density. Cell death on hair follicle (keratinocytes and its distinctive mesenchyme of dermal papilla) have been attributed to mechanisms of oxidative stress, including H2O2, nitric oxide and derivatives, ultraviolet rays, ionizing radiations, endotoxin-induced inflammation, photodynamic therapy and cigarette smoke. Persistent oxidative activities in the body, may generate antioxidant defense systems, which can prevent the attack of biological molecules. In case of androgenic alopecia, copper and zinc was discovered in the disrupted metabolism form in serum, urine and hair of the patients, and data suggests rise in oxidative stress. This review is focused on the effects of the reactive oxygenated species in disturbing the redox balance and inducing oxidative injury that leads to androgenic alopecia. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74470857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-2
Naman Shukla, K. A. Kumar, Madhu Allalla, S. Tiwari
Affordable manufacturing along with high efficiency perovskite solar cell in photovoltaic technology has everyone's attention. Perovskite, which is in the lead role in solar cells, is full of characteristics such as high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy, charge carrier capable of having better mobility as well as more diffusion length and availability in suitable energy band. The application of machine learning technology is proving to be a boon to ensure optimum implementation with different properties in photovoltaic device, design, simple construction process and low-cost price. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence which includes large data aggregation, precise structure property installation, demonstration and final model after model validation. The most of the source of database is the simulation and experimental results, calculations and related literature surveys which have a comprehensive compilation of the performance of hybrid perovskite device, collection of structures and properties of elements. Structure-property relationship installation comes under feature engineering which establishes a clear relationship between structure and the properties. In other demonstration process, proper algorithms are selected, data is generated and tested as well as pure estimated values are taken. This article contains a detailed discussion on the involvement of machine learning technology to build high-performance Perovskite solar cells. Proper selection as well as designing of active perovskite absorbent layer by machine learning successfully establishes results by including other parts such as non-toxic (lead free) and stability. Mature machine learning technology becomes a very essential method in determining the solvent combination of hybrid perovskite and in estimating design of the entire solar cell to ensure optimum implementation in the sector of perovskite solar technology. Finally, a phased concept has been briefly discussed to meet the challenges of machine learning and potential future compatibilities related to the prevalence.
{"title":"Analysis of High Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Using Machine Learning","authors":"Naman Shukla, K. A. Kumar, Madhu Allalla, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Affordable manufacturing along with high efficiency perovskite solar cell in photovoltaic technology has everyone's attention. Perovskite, which is in the lead role in solar cells, is full of characteristics such as high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy, charge carrier capable of having better mobility as well as more diffusion length and availability in suitable energy band. The application of machine learning technology is proving to be a boon to ensure optimum implementation with different properties in photovoltaic device, design, simple construction process and low-cost price. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence which includes large data aggregation, precise structure property installation, demonstration and final model after model validation. The most of the source of database is the simulation and experimental results, calculations and related literature surveys which have a comprehensive compilation of the performance of hybrid perovskite device, collection of structures and properties of elements. Structure-property relationship installation comes under feature engineering which establishes a clear relationship between structure and the properties. In other demonstration process, proper algorithms are selected, data is generated and tested as well as pure estimated values are taken. This article contains a detailed discussion on the involvement of machine learning technology to build high-performance Perovskite solar cells. Proper selection as well as designing of active perovskite absorbent layer by machine learning successfully establishes results by including other parts such as non-toxic (lead free) and stability. Mature machine learning technology becomes a very essential method in determining the solvent combination of hybrid perovskite and in estimating design of the entire solar cell to ensure optimum implementation in the sector of perovskite solar technology. Finally, a phased concept has been briefly discussed to meet the challenges of machine learning and potential future compatibilities related to the prevalence. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74646175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-3
Yogesh Kumar Dongre, S. Tiwari
Inverted Bulk heterojunctions (Ag/MoO3/PCDTBT-PC70BM/ZnO/ITO) Organic Solar cells, based on Organic (Polymer) materials is fabricated and characterized in this work. PCDTBT-PC70BM was synthesized by chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene (organic solvent). Surface morphology of ZnO and PCDTBT-PC70BM were studied. Bulk heterojunctions of active material are formed by the mixture of PCDTBT donor and PC70BM an acceptor in a random manner. For Sufficient transportation of charge carrier (electron and hole), hole transport (HT) and electron transport (ET) layers was deposited. ZnO is used as an ETM and synthesized by using Sol-Gel technique. MoO3 thin film deposited over the active material, enhances hole transformation because of band gap tuning with Ag and active materials. Absorbance and Photoluminescence spectra of polymer material with different organic solvents were studied and results were discussed in this work. o-dichlorobenzene enhance the absorption of PCDTBT/PC70BM. At 400 nm, 90% of sun light is absorbed, and 70% absorption is figure out in 500- 550nm wavelength. The Photo-luminescence of PCDTBT/PC70BM thin film in different organic solvents is ranging from 650nm to 750nm. At 700nm, 20% is shown for chloroform, 40% for chlorobenzene and highest 80% is achieved by o-dichlorobenzene. J-V value is obtained from a solar simulator which irradiates the sun spectrum 1.5 AM, for all the devices having cell area 0.045 cm2. For concentration (1:1) ratio in different organic solvents like chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene, (3.5, 4.2, and 5.8) %, PCE were obtained respectively.
{"title":"Inverted Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) Polymer (PCDTBT-PC70BM) Solar Photovoltaic Technology","authors":"Yogesh Kumar Dongre, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Inverted Bulk heterojunctions (Ag/MoO3/PCDTBT-PC70BM/ZnO/ITO) Organic Solar cells, based on Organic (Polymer) materials is fabricated and characterized in this work. PCDTBT-PC70BM was synthesized by chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene (organic solvent). Surface morphology of ZnO and PCDTBT-PC70BM were studied. Bulk heterojunctions of active material are formed by the mixture of PCDTBT donor and PC70BM an acceptor in a random manner. For Sufficient transportation of charge carrier (electron and hole), hole transport (HT) and electron transport (ET) layers was deposited. ZnO is used as an ETM and synthesized by using Sol-Gel technique. MoO3 thin film deposited over the active material, enhances hole transformation because of band gap tuning with Ag and active materials. Absorbance and Photoluminescence spectra of polymer material with different organic solvents were studied and results were discussed in this work. o-dichlorobenzene enhance the absorption of PCDTBT/PC70BM. At 400 nm, 90% of sun light is absorbed, and 70% absorption is figure out in 500- 550nm wavelength. The Photo-luminescence of PCDTBT/PC70BM thin film in different organic solvents is ranging from 650nm to 750nm. At 700nm, 20% is shown for chloroform, 40% for chlorobenzene and highest 80% is achieved by o-dichlorobenzene. J-V value is obtained from a solar simulator which irradiates the sun spectrum 1.5 AM, for all the devices having cell area 0.045 cm2. For concentration (1:1) ratio in different organic solvents like chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene, (3.5, 4.2, and 5.8) %, PCE were obtained respectively. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77243238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-1
L. Sahu, Vaishali Soni
As time gets advanced multiple progressions have happened in the field of display devices. In this field first came a small LED then after CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) which is used in present days but due to its heaviness, we do not carry it from one place to another. Then after came LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), the problem of bulkiness and required large area overcome by LCD, the only problem with LCD is that it cannot see a clear picture from different angles. LCD is a lightweight and flexible plastic substrate. After all these innovations OLED came and OLED beat all issues of LCD and CRT. OLED is light and slim in design, it does not require any kind of backlight, OLEDs are self-luminous. Polymers are using to fabricate OLEDs or unlike LCDs small molecules in the flat panel zone. It has low power consumption (only 2-10 volts) also OLEDs has a wide viewing angle (up to 160 degrees). The applications of OLEDs in electronics are on the increase on daily basis from camera to cell phones to OLED televisions.
{"title":"OLED: New Generation Display Technology","authors":"L. Sahu, Vaishali Soni","doi":"10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As time gets advanced multiple progressions have happened in the field of display devices. In this field first came a small LED then after CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) which is used in present days but due to its heaviness, we do not carry it from one place to another. Then after came LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), the problem of bulkiness and required large area overcome by LCD, the only problem with LCD is that it cannot see a clear picture from different angles. LCD is a lightweight and flexible plastic substrate. After all these innovations OLED came and OLED beat all issues of LCD and CRT. OLED is light and slim in design, it does not require any kind of backlight, OLEDs are self-luminous. Polymers are using to fabricate OLEDs or unlike LCDs small molecules in the flat panel zone. It has low power consumption (only 2-10 volts) also OLEDs has a wide viewing angle (up to 160 degrees). The applications of OLEDs in electronics are on the increase on daily basis from camera to cell phones to OLED televisions. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79345742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-4
Y. Kumar, Sweta Minj, N. Shukla, S. Tiwari
Research of lead-free Perovskite based solar cells has gained speedy and growing attention with urgent intent to eliminate toxic lead in Perovskite materials. The main purpose of this work is to supplement the research progress with comparative analysis of different lead-free Perovskite based solar cells by numerical simulation method using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The environmental friendliness and excellent thermal stability proves Cesium Tin Iodide (CsSnI3) as one of the promising materials for the commercialization of the Perovskite solar cells. However, CsSnI3 solar cells suffer from poor efficiency due to having low open-circuit voltage, VOC attributed to poor absorber film quality as well as energy level mismatch at the interfaces between different layers like transparent front contact. The architecture of the solar cell is n-i-p device structure acts as light CsSnI3 absorber active layer, TiO2 as electron transport layer and Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer with device structure FTO/ TiO2/CsSnI3 / Spiro-OMeTAD /Au. The open circuit voltage Voc, short circuit current density Isc, fill factor and power conversion efficiency Voc=1.09V, Jsc=28.85mA/cm2, FF=88.65%, eta=28.09%, V_MPP=0.99V, J_MPP=28.15 mA/cm2 respectively.
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