{"title":"CASE STUDY: FITNESS MORE THAN DIVERSITY GUIDES VEGETATIONAL RECOVERY","authors":"R. Prodgers","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"23 1","pages":"113-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81395951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planners, designers, scientists, governmental authorities, non- governmental organizations, and citizens are interested in the thoughtful use and protection of the environment, including surface mined lands. Surface mining is a temporary use of the landscape, leading to a post-mining environment. In the 1960s, the late Ken Schellie was a pioneer in understanding how to create a productive and valuable post-mining environment. The creation of a successful post-mining environment begins with understanding the nature of the deposit and the extraction/processing methods, as this insight leads to opportunities to create productive land through the mining process with little additional costs. Often the post-mining landscape is more valuable than the land before mining. In addition, creating post-mining environments requires knowledge of the current regulation requirements. Being trained in the planning and design processes and having experience and knowledge across the spectrum of potential land uses from urban to wilderness are essential to professionally create post-mining environments. Today the ideas and knowledge gained from post-mining land-use planning and design is influencing other types of reclamation activities such as post-industrial reclamation and reclaiming urban areas. We illustrate the process of post-mining land-use planning and design with a case study from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and show how portions of the design are assessed with landscape metrics.
{"title":"CASE STUDY: POST-MINING LAND-USE PLANNING AND DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW AND MICHIGAN 1","authors":"Yun Wang, J. Burley, Shawn Partin","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020175","url":null,"abstract":"Planners, designers, scientists, governmental authorities, non- governmental organizations, and citizens are interested in the thoughtful use and protection of the environment, including surface mined lands. Surface mining is a temporary use of the landscape, leading to a post-mining environment. In the 1960s, the late Ken Schellie was a pioneer in understanding how to create a productive and valuable post-mining environment. The creation of a successful post-mining environment begins with understanding the nature of the deposit and the extraction/processing methods, as this insight leads to opportunities to create productive land through the mining process with little additional costs. Often the post-mining landscape is more valuable than the land before mining. In addition, creating post-mining environments requires knowledge of the current regulation requirements. Being trained in the planning and design processes and having experience and knowledge across the spectrum of potential land uses from urban to wilderness are essential to professionally create post-mining environments. Today the ideas and knowledge gained from post-mining land-use planning and design is influencing other types of reclamation activities such as post-industrial reclamation and reclaiming urban areas. We illustrate the process of post-mining land-use planning and design with a case study from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and show how portions of the design are assessed with landscape metrics.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"32 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80709875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On a surface coal mine in southern West Virginia, the forestry reclamation approach was applied while quantifying the effects of substrate type and seeding prescription on survival and growth of native tree species and herbaceous vegetation. Four substrates were used: weathered sandstone (brown), unweathered sandstone/shale mix (gray), mixture of weathered and unweathered rock (mixed), and a mixture of the soil solum and unconsolidated soil parent material (soil). Each substrate treatment was split into two subplots; one seeded with a tree-compatible herbaceous seed mixture and one unseeded. Trees were planted in March 2012, measured for initial height in June 2012, and measured for height and survival in late October 2012. Herbaceous groundcover and species richness were measured during the growing season. After one growing season, mean percent survival and growth of planted trees differed among tree species and seeding treatments. There were no differences in tree survival among substrate treatments. Of planted tree species, survival was higher for hawthorn and black cherry (~85%) than for most other species and lowest for Eastern white pines (25.3%) and shagbark hickory (24.3%). Unseeded treatments had higher tree survival (70.4%) than seeded treatments (56.4%). Of the trees which survived the first growing season, black cherry, red oak, sugar maple, and white oak showed differences in height growth related to experimental treatments. Black cherry and red oak trees grew more in the unseeded treatment, compared to the seeded treatment. White oaks grew the most in the brown sandstone treatment. Sugar maples grew the most in the seeded mixed treatment. Gray and soil substrate treatments had the highest total herbaceous richness and the soil treatment had the highest volunteer richness. Seeded treatments had less bare ground and higher mean herbaceous species richness than unseeded subplots. Leaving the landscape unseeded facilitated tree establishment, but the impact of seeding on the future understory community remains unclear. Soil appears superior to rock spoils for re-establishing a diverse understory. We expect that the influence of substrate and seeding treatments will become clearer after additional growing seasons.
{"title":"NATIVE TREE SURVIVAL AND HERBACEOUS ESTABLISHMENT ON AN EXPERIMENTALLY RECLAIMED APPALACHIAN COAL MINE 1","authors":"D. M. Evans","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020032","url":null,"abstract":"On a surface coal mine in southern West Virginia, the forestry reclamation approach was applied while quantifying the effects of substrate type and seeding prescription on survival and growth of native tree species and herbaceous vegetation. Four substrates were used: weathered sandstone (brown), unweathered sandstone/shale mix (gray), mixture of weathered and unweathered rock (mixed), and a mixture of the soil solum and unconsolidated soil parent material (soil). Each substrate treatment was split into two subplots; one seeded with a tree-compatible herbaceous seed mixture and one unseeded. Trees were planted in March 2012, measured for initial height in June 2012, and measured for height and survival in late October 2012. Herbaceous groundcover and species richness were measured during the growing season. After one growing season, mean percent survival and growth of planted trees differed among tree species and seeding treatments. There were no differences in tree survival among substrate treatments. Of planted tree species, survival was higher for hawthorn and black cherry (~85%) than for most other species and lowest for Eastern white pines (25.3%) and shagbark hickory (24.3%). Unseeded treatments had higher tree survival (70.4%) than seeded treatments (56.4%). Of the trees which survived the first growing season, black cherry, red oak, sugar maple, and white oak showed differences in height growth related to experimental treatments. Black cherry and red oak trees grew more in the unseeded treatment, compared to the seeded treatment. White oaks grew the most in the brown sandstone treatment. Sugar maples grew the most in the seeded mixed treatment. Gray and soil substrate treatments had the highest total herbaceous richness and the soil treatment had the highest volunteer richness. Seeded treatments had less bare ground and higher mean herbaceous species richness than unseeded subplots. Leaving the landscape unseeded facilitated tree establishment, but the impact of seeding on the future understory community remains unclear. Soil appears superior to rock spoils for re-establishing a diverse understory. We expect that the influence of substrate and seeding treatments will become clearer after additional growing seasons.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"36 1","pages":"32-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82663447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A database framework was constructed with the purpose of creating a restoration decision management tool by compiling oil and gas pad reclamation data to identify successful restoration practices. Pre-existing data were secured from public and private databases from two Wyoming production fields in the Greater Green River Basin: Jonah Infill and Moxa Arch. The framework includes tables for measurements of reclamation practices (e.g., soil handling methods and amendments, seeding mix and timing, and weed management), geographical and climate data (e.g., precipitation, slope, aspect, elevation, and temperature) and monitoring data (e.g., vegetation composition and structure along with soil analysis and grazing). Microsoft Access and ESRI ArcGIS were employed to build the reclamation database for consistent and reliable data storage, manipulation, and retrieval. Short-term goals of the project were to quantify disturbance and reclamation efforts and to evaluate the reclamation status of individual well pads. Long-term goals of the project are to deliver: (1) an operational framework to analyze and isolate trends leading to reclamation success and failure, (2) a strong decision management tool for limiting uncertainty and estimating associated risk under variable environmental conditions, (3) to evaluate regulatory standards for reclamation, and (4) to offer a flexible and sharable database that allows for additional data input from diverse sources. Database performance was found to be dependent on data consistency and validity. Querying populated data along with uniting imported data has revealed multiple strengths and weaknesses with the database framework. Additional
{"title":"DEMONSTRATION STUDY: Approaching oil and gas pad reclamation with data management: A framework for the future","authors":"Michael F. Curran, Ben Wolff, P. Stahl","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020195","url":null,"abstract":"A database framework was constructed with the purpose of creating a restoration decision management tool by compiling oil and gas pad reclamation data to identify successful restoration practices. Pre-existing data were secured from public and private databases from two Wyoming production fields in the Greater Green River Basin: Jonah Infill and Moxa Arch. The framework includes tables for measurements of reclamation practices (e.g., soil handling methods and amendments, seeding mix and timing, and weed management), geographical and climate data (e.g., precipitation, slope, aspect, elevation, and temperature) and monitoring data (e.g., vegetation composition and structure along with soil analysis and grazing). Microsoft Access and ESRI ArcGIS were employed to build the reclamation database for consistent and reliable data storage, manipulation, and retrieval. Short-term goals of the project were to quantify disturbance and reclamation efforts and to evaluate the reclamation status of individual well pads. Long-term goals of the project are to deliver: (1) an operational framework to analyze and isolate trends leading to reclamation success and failure, (2) a strong decision management tool for limiting uncertainty and estimating associated risk under variable environmental conditions, (3) to evaluate regulatory standards for reclamation, and (4) to offer a flexible and sharable database that allows for additional data input from diverse sources. Database performance was found to be dependent on data consistency and validity. Querying populated data along with uniting imported data has revealed multiple strengths and weaknesses with the database framework. Additional","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"40 1","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74654749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When using borrow dirt as cover-soil, revegetation often stagnates or declines in one decade or less, especially in cold, semiarid climates, due to infertility and lack of nutrient cycling. Fresh cover-soil is dirt; soil is distinguished by the organisms living in and on it. Compost amendment is intended to speed the conversion of dirt to soil by initiating an incipient soil food web. Compost provides microorganisms capable of degrading a wide variety of organic substances and the carbon and nutrients to sustain them until vascular plants provide fresh substrates and eventually a diverse array of food sources from root exudates to microbial cells. Or so it was thought when the two reclamation projects discussed in this paper began, one a Superfund remediation on Silver Bow Creek and the other waste dump reclamation at the Golden Sunlight Mine. The two projects are on opposite sides of the Continental Divide in southwest Montana. Applying and incorporating compost along Silver Bow Creek was easy; steep slopes at the gold mine limited both application and incorporation. One decade after seeding, microbiological analyses of composted and uncomposted soils failed to demonstrate greater diversity in composted cover- soils at the riparian Superfund site. Neither were short-term microbiological effects of compost amendment detectable at the hard-rock mine. Vascular plant cover likewise did not show a significant difference between composted and uncomposted treatments at the riparian site. This raises the question of whether introduced soil microbes drive revegetation or vice-versa, the vascular plants lead and soil microbiology follows. The microbiological activity that matters may be restricted mainly to the rhizosphere, at most a few percent of the bulk soil. Thermophilic microorganisms in moist compost simply may not survive in soils that dry and freeze. Soil biology may be one aspect of the recovery process that cannot be expedited using biologically active organic amendment. Compost specifications also are discussed.
{"title":"CASE STUDY: EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL COMPOST SOIL AMENDMENT IN MONTANA UPLAND AND RIPARIAN REVEGETATION 1","authors":"R. Prodgers","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020142","url":null,"abstract":"When using borrow dirt as cover-soil, revegetation often stagnates or declines in one decade or less, especially in cold, semiarid climates, due to infertility and lack of nutrient cycling. Fresh cover-soil is dirt; soil is distinguished by the organisms living in and on it. Compost amendment is intended to speed the conversion of dirt to soil by initiating an incipient soil food web. Compost provides microorganisms capable of degrading a wide variety of organic substances and the carbon and nutrients to sustain them until vascular plants provide fresh substrates and eventually a diverse array of food sources from root exudates to microbial cells. Or so it was thought when the two reclamation projects discussed in this paper began, one a Superfund remediation on Silver Bow Creek and the other waste dump reclamation at the Golden Sunlight Mine. The two projects are on opposite sides of the Continental Divide in southwest Montana. Applying and incorporating compost along Silver Bow Creek was easy; steep slopes at the gold mine limited both application and incorporation. One decade after seeding, microbiological analyses of composted and uncomposted soils failed to demonstrate greater diversity in composted cover- soils at the riparian Superfund site. Neither were short-term microbiological effects of compost amendment detectable at the hard-rock mine. Vascular plant cover likewise did not show a significant difference between composted and uncomposted treatments at the riparian site. This raises the question of whether introduced soil microbes drive revegetation or vice-versa, the vascular plants lead and soil microbiology follows. The microbiological activity that matters may be restricted mainly to the rhizosphere, at most a few percent of the bulk soil. Thermophilic microorganisms in moist compost simply may not survive in soils that dry and freeze. Soil biology may be one aspect of the recovery process that cannot be expedited using biologically active organic amendment. Compost specifications also are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"19 1","pages":"142-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84243239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The central Appalachian landscape is being heavily altered by surface coal mining. The practice of Mountaintop Removal/Valley Fill (MTRVF) mining has transformed large areas of mature forest to non-forest and created much forest edge, affecting habitat quality for mature forest wildlife. The Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative is working to restore mined areas to native hardwood forest conditions, and strategies are needed to prioritize restoration efforts for wildlife. We present mineland reforestation guidelines for the imperiled Cerulean Warbler, considered a useful umbrella species, in its breeding range. In 2009, we surveyed forest predicted to have Cerulean Warblers near mined areas in the MTRVF region of West Virginia and Kentucky. We visited 36 transect routes and completed songbird surveys on 151 points along these routes. Cerulean Warblers were present at points with fewer large-scale canopy disturbances and more mature oak-hickory forest. We tested the accuracy of a predictive map for this species and demonstrated that it can be useful to guide reforestation efforts. We then developed a map of hot spot locations that can be used to determine potential habitat suitability. Restoration efforts would have greatest benefit for Cerulean Warblers and other mature forest birds if concentrated near a relative-abundance hot spot, on north- and east-facing ridgetops surrounded by mature deciduous forest, and prioritized to reduce edges and connect isolated forest patches. Our multi-scale approach for prioritizing restoration efforts using an umbrella species may be applied to restore habitat impacted by a variety of landscape disturbances.
{"title":"CASE STUDY: PRIORITIZATION STRATEGIES FOR REFORESTATION OF MINELANDS TO BENEFIT CERULEAN WARBLERS 1","authors":"Molly E. McDermott, Matthew B. Shumar, P. Wood","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020080","url":null,"abstract":"The central Appalachian landscape is being heavily altered by surface coal mining. The practice of Mountaintop Removal/Valley Fill (MTRVF) mining has transformed large areas of mature forest to non-forest and created much forest edge, affecting habitat quality for mature forest wildlife. The Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative is working to restore mined areas to native hardwood forest conditions, and strategies are needed to prioritize restoration efforts for wildlife. We present mineland reforestation guidelines for the imperiled Cerulean Warbler, considered a useful umbrella species, in its breeding range. In 2009, we surveyed forest predicted to have Cerulean Warblers near mined areas in the MTRVF region of West Virginia and Kentucky. We visited 36 transect routes and completed songbird surveys on 151 points along these routes. Cerulean Warblers were present at points with fewer large-scale canopy disturbances and more mature oak-hickory forest. We tested the accuracy of a predictive map for this species and demonstrated that it can be useful to guide reforestation efforts. We then developed a map of hot spot locations that can be used to determine potential habitat suitability. Restoration efforts would have greatest benefit for Cerulean Warblers and other mature forest birds if concentrated near a relative-abundance hot spot, on north- and east-facing ridgetops surrounded by mature deciduous forest, and prioritized to reduce edges and connect isolated forest patches. Our multi-scale approach for prioritizing restoration efforts using an umbrella species may be applied to restore habitat impacted by a variety of landscape disturbances.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"65 1","pages":"80-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88337750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Klein, L. Archuleta, J. Willis, N. Tedela, B. Sanchez
{"title":"CASE STUDY: KERBER CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT: EMPLOYING STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE EFFECTS OF RESTORATION ACTIVITIES, SAGUACHE, CO","authors":"T. Klein, L. Archuleta, J. Willis, N. Tedela, B. Sanchez","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13020056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13020056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"2012 1","pages":"56-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73954437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The invasion of Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) has been documented in disturbed landscapes leading to biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem function. Ailanthus interferes with the restoration of native species by its aggressive growth habit, alteration of nutrient cycles, and allelopathic chemical production. Recent studies suggest that allelopathy has a negative effect on the growth of red oak (Quercus rubra), possibly by interfering with the symbiosis of beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). This fungal symbiont is essential for healthy tree growth and the unavailability of these fungi may impede the success of seedling regeneration. This study investigated the effects of Ailanthus on biomass production and ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECM) colonization of red oak (Q. rubra) seedlings on a reclaimed coal mine site in eastern Ohio. Six plots were designated in an existing riparian buffer zone in a wetland at The Wilds Conservation Center in Muskingum County. Three of the plots were in an area where mature Ailanthus was present. The other three plots were located in the same riparian zone that was without Ailanthus. Naturally regenerating two- year-old red oak seedlings were selected for study (10 seedlings per plot, 60 seedlings total). The oak seedlings were sampled for biomass (g) and ECM root colonization. Two-year-old oak seedlings growing among mature Tree-of- Heaven produced significantly less biomass, specifically in root production, than the oaks growing without the invasive tree (P = 0.02). There was a decrease in ECM colonization (P = 0.001) and a shift in ECM community composition in plots where the Tree-of-Heaven was present (P = 0.0004). The increase in root biomass and ECM colonization may aid in the plant's competitive ability for belowground resources, important for reestablishment. These data suggest that areas impacted by the invasion of Tree-of-Heaven may require restoration with plant species less reliant on ECM colonization when planting in soils immediately following invasive species removal.
{"title":"Ailanthus altissima interfers with beneficial symbionts and negetively [sic] impacts oak regeneration","authors":"Jenise M. Bauman, Caitlin M. Byrne, S. Hiremath","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13010001","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) has been documented in disturbed landscapes leading to biodiversity loss and degradation of ecosystem function. Ailanthus interferes with the restoration of native species by its aggressive growth habit, alteration of nutrient cycles, and allelopathic chemical production. Recent studies suggest that allelopathy has a negative effect on the growth of red oak (Quercus rubra), possibly by interfering with the symbiosis of beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). This fungal symbiont is essential for healthy tree growth and the unavailability of these fungi may impede the success of seedling regeneration. This study investigated the effects of Ailanthus on biomass production and ectomycorrhizal fungal (ECM) colonization of red oak (Q. rubra) seedlings on a reclaimed coal mine site in eastern Ohio. Six plots were designated in an existing riparian buffer zone in a wetland at The Wilds Conservation Center in Muskingum County. Three of the plots were in an area where mature Ailanthus was present. The other three plots were located in the same riparian zone that was without Ailanthus. Naturally regenerating two- year-old red oak seedlings were selected for study (10 seedlings per plot, 60 seedlings total). The oak seedlings were sampled for biomass (g) and ECM root colonization. Two-year-old oak seedlings growing among mature Tree-of- Heaven produced significantly less biomass, specifically in root production, than the oaks growing without the invasive tree (P = 0.02). There was a decrease in ECM colonization (P = 0.001) and a shift in ECM community composition in plots where the Tree-of-Heaven was present (P = 0.0004). The increase in root biomass and ECM colonization may aid in the plant's competitive ability for belowground resources, important for reestablishment. These data suggest that areas impacted by the invasion of Tree-of-Heaven may require restoration with plant species less reliant on ECM colonization when planting in soils immediately following invasive species removal.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"215 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82737127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of abandoned mine land reclamation on ground and surface water quality: Research and case histories from Indiana","authors":"J. Comer","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13010245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13010245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"31 1","pages":"245-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87281801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
99 DEMONSTRATION STUDY: CONSERVING AN S1/G5/T2 MUSTARD AT A SOUTHCENTRAL MONTANA COAL MINE THROUGH NURSERY PROPAGATION AND TRANSPLANTING G. L. Johnson and R. A. Prodgers Abstract. Protected rare plants can hinder mine development if not conserved. Spring Creek Coal Mine (SCCM) in southcentral Montana adopted a proactive conservation/propagation program for an uncommon but not formally protected variety of perennial mustard found in a topsoil-stripping area. The objective is to reestablish a self-sustaining population of Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray var. lanata A. Nelson, woolly twinpod, in reclamation and elsewhere within the permit area. This recognized variety is rated S1 in Montana (at risk, imperiled); the G5 (common, secure) global designation refers to generic Physaria didymocarpa (common twinpod), whereas T2 (less imperiled than S1, it occurs also in WY) refers to the trinomial (var. lanata). In the wild, fruits aren’t produced every year and empty capsules are common, hence prospects for collecting seed appeared dim. Fifty mature plants were collected from the nexus of the population, transplanted, and used for tissue culturing (cloning) and later for seed collection. Between 500 and 1,000 plants annually were transplanted into the mine permit area beginning in fall 2008. In addition to the problems inherent to a stenotopic functional annual of very limited competitive ability, these limitations have manifested in the transplant program: • Windblown dust accumulation in the foliage inhibited plant survival. The epithet “lanate” refers to long, tangled, woolly hairs. • The fresh scoria into which transplants were planted in a few months became a dense sward of 5 dm tall kochia (Bassia scoparia) with a scattered twinpod understory. Kochia was more successful in capturing water, nutrients, and light. • Disturbed or placed scoria subsequently becomes a magnet for yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis), a tall nitrogen-fixing legume and copious seeder that overtopped and apparently competed with twinpod, the growth and survival of which did not appear to be assisted by increased mineral N, if present. • Herbivory from ungulates and insects. Spring transplanting is now performed into both mined and unmined areas. While transplants survive, a self-sustaining population is not yet assured. Further transplanting and adaptive practices continue at the mine. These lessons may guide others similarly engaged.
{"title":"DEMONSTRATION STUDY: CONSERVING AN S1/G5/T2 MUSTARD AT A SOUTHCENTRAL MONTANA COAL MINE THROUGH NURSERY PROPAGATION AND TRANSPLANTING","authors":"G. Johnson, R. Prodgers","doi":"10.21000/JASMR13010099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21000/JASMR13010099","url":null,"abstract":"99 DEMONSTRATION STUDY: CONSERVING AN S1/G5/T2 MUSTARD AT A SOUTHCENTRAL MONTANA COAL MINE THROUGH NURSERY PROPAGATION AND TRANSPLANTING G. L. Johnson and R. A. Prodgers Abstract. Protected rare plants can hinder mine development if not conserved. Spring Creek Coal Mine (SCCM) in southcentral Montana adopted a proactive conservation/propagation program for an uncommon but not formally protected variety of perennial mustard found in a topsoil-stripping area. The objective is to reestablish a self-sustaining population of Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray var. lanata A. Nelson, woolly twinpod, in reclamation and elsewhere within the permit area. This recognized variety is rated S1 in Montana (at risk, imperiled); the G5 (common, secure) global designation refers to generic Physaria didymocarpa (common twinpod), whereas T2 (less imperiled than S1, it occurs also in WY) refers to the trinomial (var. lanata). In the wild, fruits aren’t produced every year and empty capsules are common, hence prospects for collecting seed appeared dim. Fifty mature plants were collected from the nexus of the population, transplanted, and used for tissue culturing (cloning) and later for seed collection. Between 500 and 1,000 plants annually were transplanted into the mine permit area beginning in fall 2008. In addition to the problems inherent to a stenotopic functional annual of very limited competitive ability, these limitations have manifested in the transplant program: • Windblown dust accumulation in the foliage inhibited plant survival. The epithet “lanate” refers to long, tangled, woolly hairs. • The fresh scoria into which transplants were planted in a few months became a dense sward of 5 dm tall kochia (Bassia scoparia) with a scattered twinpod understory. Kochia was more successful in capturing water, nutrients, and light. • Disturbed or placed scoria subsequently becomes a magnet for yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis), a tall nitrogen-fixing legume and copious seeder that overtopped and apparently competed with twinpod, the growth and survival of which did not appear to be assisted by increased mineral N, if present. • Herbivory from ungulates and insects. Spring transplanting is now performed into both mined and unmined areas. While transplants survive, a self-sustaining population is not yet assured. Further transplanting and adaptive practices continue at the mine. These lessons may guide others similarly engaged.","PeriodicalId":17230,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation","volume":"24 1","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78094308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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