Pub Date : 1958-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.66.750_144
M. Ihara, Tokuji Yamamoto
A systematic study of the colour of glasses containing iron, and both iron and manganese was carried out using the spectrophotometric method.The base glass was a soda-lime-silica type, and the colouring agents added to the batch were rouge, copper slag, manganese dioxide, and manganese ore, all being the technical grade. Twenty four smaples containing different amount of colouring agents were subjected to the investigation. The transmission between 350 and 1100mμ were measured by a photo-electric spectrometer to represent the result by C. I. E. colour specification using mainly the chromaticy coordinates and the lightness which is familiar to glass technologists as luminous transmission.With increasing content of total iron oxide the colour of glasses added with rouge was observed to change from blue to green.If the partial pressure of oxygen is kept constant in the melting processes the relation[FeO]2/[Fe2O3]=k/[O2]1/2=α(constant)would hold, so that the ratio FeO/Fe2O3 is reduced with increasing amount of iron oxide. This means that the yellowish green tint of Fe2O3 would become stronger than the blue tint of FeO.FeO makes the glasses darker nine times as much as Fe2O3, so that a glass containing FeO which is equal to 1/9 of Fe2O3 gives the same luminous transmission.It was confirmed that the luminous transmission is linearly related withe FeO content of glass estimated by direct chemical analysis. This gives the possibility of estimating directly the value of FeO and Fe2O3 with fairly high accuracy by measuring the transmittance at a characteristic wave length. It was proved that this method may be applied to the iron contents of 0.5-2.5wt% Fe2O3.The colour of the glasses added with both iron and manganese changes mainly with the change of the ratio of mangenese to iron. The transmittance curves were classified into three groups, and the authors have advanced the three chemical equations which explain satisf actly the existence of the three types of the transmittance curves.MnO2+3Fe2O3_??_2Fe2O3+2FeO+MnO+O2 (for high iron ratio)2MnO2+2Fe2O3_??_2Fe2O3+2MnO+O2 (for medium iron ratio)3MnO2+Fe2O3_??_Fe2O3+Mn2O3+MnO+O2 (for low iron ratio)
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Study of Coloured Glasses (1)","authors":"M. Ihara, Tokuji Yamamoto","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.66.750_144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.66.750_144","url":null,"abstract":"A systematic study of the colour of glasses containing iron, and both iron and manganese was carried out using the spectrophotometric method.The base glass was a soda-lime-silica type, and the colouring agents added to the batch were rouge, copper slag, manganese dioxide, and manganese ore, all being the technical grade. Twenty four smaples containing different amount of colouring agents were subjected to the investigation. The transmission between 350 and 1100mμ were measured by a photo-electric spectrometer to represent the result by C. I. E. colour specification using mainly the chromaticy coordinates and the lightness which is familiar to glass technologists as luminous transmission.With increasing content of total iron oxide the colour of glasses added with rouge was observed to change from blue to green.If the partial pressure of oxygen is kept constant in the melting processes the relation[FeO]2/[Fe2O3]=k/[O2]1/2=α(constant)would hold, so that the ratio FeO/Fe2O3 is reduced with increasing amount of iron oxide. This means that the yellowish green tint of Fe2O3 would become stronger than the blue tint of FeO.FeO makes the glasses darker nine times as much as Fe2O3, so that a glass containing FeO which is equal to 1/9 of Fe2O3 gives the same luminous transmission.It was confirmed that the luminous transmission is linearly related withe FeO content of glass estimated by direct chemical analysis. This gives the possibility of estimating directly the value of FeO and Fe2O3 with fairly high accuracy by measuring the transmittance at a characteristic wave length. It was proved that this method may be applied to the iron contents of 0.5-2.5wt% Fe2O3.The colour of the glasses added with both iron and manganese changes mainly with the change of the ratio of mangenese to iron. The transmittance curves were classified into three groups, and the authors have advanced the three chemical equations which explain satisf actly the existence of the three types of the transmittance curves.MnO2+3Fe2O3_??_2Fe2O3+2FeO+MnO+O2 (for high iron ratio)2MnO2+2Fe2O3_??_2Fe2O3+2MnO+O2 (for medium iron ratio)3MnO2+Fe2O3_??_Fe2O3+Mn2O3+MnO+O2 (for low iron ratio)","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87677684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1957-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.65.743_281
C. Kawashima, Y. Murata
{"title":"On the Sintering of Porcelain Body and the Variation Hardness within it","authors":"C. Kawashima, Y. Murata","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.65.743_281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.65.743_281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1957-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72799452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An apparatus for determining thermal conductivity by an absolute (calorimetric) method of steady-state hea tflow through small cylindrical (20 or 30mmφ) or prismatic (22mm square) samples is described (Fig. 1). Some estimate of the accuracy and precision obtained is evidenced by comparing the values with that calculated from a comparative method experiment which the apparatus can also afford to perform with the aid of long silver rod beneath the sample. The results of the study are as follows;(1) It has been shown that if proper precautions are taken, linear heat flow and low heat loss can be so easily attained by the absolute method using a water flow calorimeter as to obtain reliable values on the high-conductivity materials.(2) An experimental results (Fig. 2) has shown that, unless the specimen is not soldered, interfacial temperature drop will grow so high that it can not be neglected in determining the thermal conductivity of these high-conductivity materials.(3) Measurements on electrolytic lead (>99.997%) have given data in good agreement with previous values reported for melting-point lead in literatures. Reproducibility obtained by using lead samples of various size and shape has also proved to be satisfactory (Table 1 and Fig. 4).(4) Two series of experiments were conducted in which the temperature of guard ring was made too high or too low relative to that of the sample, and the effect of these temperature gap on conductivity values obtained were examined. Examples obtained on lead are shown (Fig. 4).(5) It is very difficult to prepare accurate cylindrical samples of hard ceramic materials and to drill thermocouple holes. The difficulties were removed by preparing prismatic samples with narrow but deep groove on a vertical side face (Photo. 2 & 3). The holes for thermocouples were drilled into insulating material filled in the groove. The new method of sample preparation has been proved correct through the experiments made with lead (as well as with SiC brick) (Fig. 4, P).(5) The thermal conductivity of Carbofrax brick decreases from 0.052 at 100°C to 0.033 (cal. sec-1. cm-2. °C-1. cm.) at 750°C. The result is in good agreement with that of F. Holler for clay-bonded SiC bricks, but it is somewhat higher and has negative gradient to the contrary of the data given in the manufacturer's catalogue. The same is true on a domestic SiC brick (Fig. 5).
{"title":"An Improved Apparatus for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Hard, High-Conductivity Ceramics","authors":"Hiroshige Suzuki, Norihiko Kuwayama, Toshiyoshi Yamauchi","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.64.726_161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.64.726_161","url":null,"abstract":"An apparatus for determining thermal conductivity by an absolute (calorimetric) method of steady-state hea tflow through small cylindrical (20 or 30mmφ) or prismatic (22mm square) samples is described (Fig. 1). Some estimate of the accuracy and precision obtained is evidenced by comparing the values with that calculated from a comparative method experiment which the apparatus can also afford to perform with the aid of long silver rod beneath the sample. The results of the study are as follows;(1) It has been shown that if proper precautions are taken, linear heat flow and low heat loss can be so easily attained by the absolute method using a water flow calorimeter as to obtain reliable values on the high-conductivity materials.(2) An experimental results (Fig. 2) has shown that, unless the specimen is not soldered, interfacial temperature drop will grow so high that it can not be neglected in determining the thermal conductivity of these high-conductivity materials.(3) Measurements on electrolytic lead (>99.997%) have given data in good agreement with previous values reported for melting-point lead in literatures. Reproducibility obtained by using lead samples of various size and shape has also proved to be satisfactory (Table 1 and Fig. 4).(4) Two series of experiments were conducted in which the temperature of guard ring was made too high or too low relative to that of the sample, and the effect of these temperature gap on conductivity values obtained were examined. Examples obtained on lead are shown (Fig. 4).(5) It is very difficult to prepare accurate cylindrical samples of hard ceramic materials and to drill thermocouple holes. The difficulties were removed by preparing prismatic samples with narrow but deep groove on a vertical side face (Photo. 2 & 3). The holes for thermocouples were drilled into insulating material filled in the groove. The new method of sample preparation has been proved correct through the experiments made with lead (as well as with SiC brick) (Fig. 4, P).(5) The thermal conductivity of Carbofrax brick decreases from 0.052 at 100°C to 0.033 (cal. sec-1. cm-2. °C-1. cm.) at 750°C. The result is in good agreement with that of F. Holler for clay-bonded SiC bricks, but it is somewhat higher and has negative gradient to the contrary of the data given in the manufacturer's catalogue. The same is true on a domestic SiC brick (Fig. 5).","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91016535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1956-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.64.729_217
K. Hamano
In his previous papers, the writer has shown the presence of diffusion layers around the quartz grains which were under the course of dissolution into the feldspathic fusion. In order to make clear the actual mater of the layers, microscopical measurements were made as reported in this paper. On the glass formed around the remaining quartz grain, as shown in Fig. 1, the refractive index, n, and distance from the quartz surface, t, were measured microscopically, as many as possible, and then these data were plotted.From the diagrams (Figs. 2 and 3) thus obtained, the following results are concluded.(1) Gradients of refractive index are found around the quartz grains. In the quartz-feldspar system, refractive indices of glasses formed are functions mostly of the amounts of quartz dissolved, i.e., the concentration of SiO2, so that the presence of refractive index gradient correspond to the presence of concentration gradient of SiO2, suggesting the formation of the diffusion layers around the quartz grains.(2) In the fusion of potash feldspar, the diffusion layers are continuous and of linear gradient, while in the fusion of soda feldspar, there appeared temporarily two layers s howing a discontinuity; but in the course of prolonged soaking time this discontinuity is gradually diminished, and they become one layer.(3) The higher the holding temperature is, the thiner the diffusion layer becomes.(4) In the stationary state, the thickness of diffusion layers formed in the potash feldspar fusion is of the same order with the one formed in the soda feldspar fusion, only the former being somewhate thicker.(5) The temporary formation of the double diffusion layers in the fusion of soda feldspar, as described in (2), may due to the singular fusion of the soda feldspar (plagioclase) used, by which the formation of melt is fast in earlier stage and then much slower down at a certain temperature range.(6) Furthermore, it is inferred that the dissolution velocity of quartz grains into the feldspathic fusion is determined by the diffusion velocity of SiO2 in the diffusion layers.
{"title":"On Diffusion Layers formed around the Quartz Grains dissolving into Feldspathic Fusion","authors":"K. Hamano","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.64.729_217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.64.729_217","url":null,"abstract":"In his previous papers, the writer has shown the presence of diffusion layers around the quartz grains which were under the course of dissolution into the feldspathic fusion. In order to make clear the actual mater of the layers, microscopical measurements were made as reported in this paper. On the glass formed around the remaining quartz grain, as shown in Fig. 1, the refractive index, n, and distance from the quartz surface, t, were measured microscopically, as many as possible, and then these data were plotted.From the diagrams (Figs. 2 and 3) thus obtained, the following results are concluded.(1) Gradients of refractive index are found around the quartz grains. In the quartz-feldspar system, refractive indices of glasses formed are functions mostly of the amounts of quartz dissolved, i.e., the concentration of SiO2, so that the presence of refractive index gradient correspond to the presence of concentration gradient of SiO2, suggesting the formation of the diffusion layers around the quartz grains.(2) In the fusion of potash feldspar, the diffusion layers are continuous and of linear gradient, while in the fusion of soda feldspar, there appeared temporarily two layers s howing a discontinuity; but in the course of prolonged soaking time this discontinuity is gradually diminished, and they become one layer.(3) The higher the holding temperature is, the thiner the diffusion layer becomes.(4) In the stationary state, the thickness of diffusion layers formed in the potash feldspar fusion is of the same order with the one formed in the soda feldspar fusion, only the former being somewhate thicker.(5) The temporary formation of the double diffusion layers in the fusion of soda feldspar, as described in (2), may due to the singular fusion of the soda feldspar (plagioclase) used, by which the formation of melt is fast in earlier stage and then much slower down at a certain temperature range.(6) Furthermore, it is inferred that the dissolution velocity of quartz grains into the feldspathic fusion is determined by the diffusion velocity of SiO2 in the diffusion layers.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1956-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73504966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1955-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.63.714_517
S. Udagawa
{"title":"X-ray Studies on Thermal Transformations in Sericite","authors":"S. Udagawa","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.63.714_517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.63.714_517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1955-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90778397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1954-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.62.24
Yoichi Shiraki
{"title":"磁器の諸牲質に及ぼす種々の形態の珪酸の影響 (第1報) 原料の特性と生素地の物理的性質","authors":"Yoichi Shiraki","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.62.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.62.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1954-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85391917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1953-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.61.688_485
Y. Shiraki
{"title":"Properties of Wanibuchi Chlorite","authors":"Y. Shiraki","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.61.688_485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.61.688_485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1953-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80808588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1953-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.61.683_207
Schichiro Nagai, Z. Ota, Fumikazu Tanemura, Y. Arai
In continuing the previous reports (This Journal, 60 [677], 476 (1952); 61 [683] 207 (1953)), in the present paper were reported the results of studies on comparative tests of silica refractories by mixing the Mikawa quartzite with (1) other quartzites: Fujimaki Akashiro quartzite and Akaba quartzite used in the former reports, and (2) some mineralizers used in the previous trials: dolomite, hematite, basic slag and sea-water magnesia. The Mikawa quartzite and other quartzite raw materials above mentioned, were used to make test silica bricks as following: (1) the Mikawa quartzite mainly in the fine grain part, and (2) the Fujimaki Akashiro quartzite and Akaba quartzite in coarse grain part, the latter quartzites being easily heat inversible. To these mixtures were added some parts of mineralizers above mentioned and the cherty part of the Akaba quartzite above used.Many test samples of silica refractories were prepared by these two series of mixtures, and many comparative tests were carried out on variuos physical and thermal properties by discussing on the following points.(1) From the special formation of the Mikawa quartzite and the test results obtained heretofore in the comparative studies on the refractories by graining only the Mikawa quartzite, it cannot be obtained suitable silica brick for steel industry.(2) By using fine grains of the Mikawa quartzite to make matrix part, it can be succeeded to improve the refractoriness, resistance to slag corrosion, softening temperature under load, etc.(3) In this case, it is desirable to use the coarse grain parts of the so-called Akashiro or Aoshiro quartzite, and the Mikawa quartzite cannot be used for mixing over a certain limiting amount.
{"title":"Studies on the Mikawa Quartzite for Silica Refractories, (III)","authors":"Schichiro Nagai, Z. Ota, Fumikazu Tanemura, Y. Arai","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.61.683_207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.61.683_207","url":null,"abstract":"In continuing the previous reports (This Journal, 60 [677], 476 (1952); 61 [683] 207 (1953)), in the present paper were reported the results of studies on comparative tests of silica refractories by mixing the Mikawa quartzite with (1) other quartzites: Fujimaki Akashiro quartzite and Akaba quartzite used in the former reports, and (2) some mineralizers used in the previous trials: dolomite, hematite, basic slag and sea-water magnesia. The Mikawa quartzite and other quartzite raw materials above mentioned, were used to make test silica bricks as following: (1) the Mikawa quartzite mainly in the fine grain part, and (2) the Fujimaki Akashiro quartzite and Akaba quartzite in coarse grain part, the latter quartzites being easily heat inversible. To these mixtures were added some parts of mineralizers above mentioned and the cherty part of the Akaba quartzite above used.Many test samples of silica refractories were prepared by these two series of mixtures, and many comparative tests were carried out on variuos physical and thermal properties by discussing on the following points.(1) From the special formation of the Mikawa quartzite and the test results obtained heretofore in the comparative studies on the refractories by graining only the Mikawa quartzite, it cannot be obtained suitable silica brick for steel industry.(2) By using fine grains of the Mikawa quartzite to make matrix part, it can be succeeded to improve the refractoriness, resistance to slag corrosion, softening temperature under load, etc.(3) In this case, it is desirable to use the coarse grain parts of the so-called Akashiro or Aoshiro quartzite, and the Mikawa quartzite cannot be used for mixing over a certain limiting amount.","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1953-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1952-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.60.670_142
Y. Shiraki
{"title":"Observation on Crack Forming in Cast Body","authors":"Y. Shiraki","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.60.670_142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.60.670_142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86640262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1952-01-01DOI: 10.2109/JCERSJ1950.60.669_99
Tatsuo Tanaka
{"title":"A Study on the Particle-distribution in a Concentra-type-mill","authors":"Tatsuo Tanaka","doi":"10.2109/JCERSJ1950.60.669_99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2109/JCERSJ1950.60.669_99","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1952-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82117070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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