Anton Kochetkov, Ekaterina Kocharovskaya, Efim Khazanov
The analytical expressions of the probability for a two-dimensional random function (for example, fluence of a laser beam with noise) to exceed the threshold value over a given area have been derived. The probability is fully determined only by two parameters. The first one, the product of the beam area and the squared second normalized spectral moment, has the meaning of the equivalent number of noise modes and is determined only by the spectral properties of the noise. The second parameter, on the contrary, does not depend on the noise spectrum; it is determined only by the ratio of the standard deviation to the difference between the threshold and mean values of fluence. The numerical simulations are in a good agreement with the theory. The results are generalized to several cases of practical interest.
{"title":"Impact of random spatial noise of a laser beam on the probability of fluence to exceed the threshold value","authors":"Anton Kochetkov, Ekaterina Kocharovskaya, Efim Khazanov","doi":"10.1364/josab.497901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.497901","url":null,"abstract":"The analytical expressions of the probability for a two-dimensional random function (for example, fluence of a laser beam with noise) to exceed the threshold value over a given area have been derived. The probability is fully determined only by two parameters. The first one, the product of the beam area and the squared second normalized spectral moment, has the meaning of the equivalent number of noise modes and is determined only by the spectral properties of the noise. The second parameter, on the contrary, does not depend on the noise spectrum; it is determined only by the ratio of the standard deviation to the difference between the threshold and mean values of fluence. The numerical simulations are in a good agreement with the theory. The results are generalized to several cases of practical interest.","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shangyu Zhang, Jian Dong, Wenjie Zhang, Lanxin Ma, LINHUA LIU
Light absorption enhancement in micro- and nanoparticles has garnered considerable attention through coated 2D materials, which are physically homogenized by surface conductivities and surface currents within the electromagnetic boundary conditions. However, the electromagnetic absorption through the surface channel remains unexamined, hindering a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of light absorption. In this work, we analytically derive the effective cross sections of surface absorption for a 2D-material-coated sphere, based on the framework of Mie theory amended by the surface conductivity. Our theoretical analysis confirms the absorption unitarity in wrapped particles, whereby the total absorption is equivalent to the sum of surface and volume absorptions. Considering optical dispersion of a polar interior, we identify a blue shift in the resonance wavelength induced by the 2D coating, which leads to a decrease in material dissipation and thus volume absorption within the particle itself in spite of a large field enhancement inside the particle. Finally, through a realistic case of small graphene-wrapped MgO spheres, we illustrate the dominant role of the surface absorption channel on the mechanism of absorption enhancements.
{"title":"Surface absorption channels in light absorption by a 2D-material coated particle","authors":"Shangyu Zhang, Jian Dong, Wenjie Zhang, Lanxin Ma, LINHUA LIU","doi":"10.1364/josab.502612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.502612","url":null,"abstract":"Light absorption enhancement in micro- and nanoparticles has garnered considerable attention through coated 2D materials, which are physically homogenized by surface conductivities and surface currents within the electromagnetic boundary conditions. However, the electromagnetic absorption through the surface channel remains unexamined, hindering a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of light absorption. In this work, we analytically derive the effective cross sections of surface absorption for a 2D-material-coated sphere, based on the framework of Mie theory amended by the surface conductivity. Our theoretical analysis confirms the absorption unitarity in wrapped particles, whereby the total absorption is equivalent to the sum of surface and volume absorptions. Considering optical dispersion of a polar interior, we identify a blue shift in the resonance wavelength induced by the 2D coating, which leads to a decrease in material dissipation and thus volume absorption within the particle itself in spite of a large field enhancement inside the particle. Finally, through a realistic case of small graphene-wrapped MgO spheres, we illustrate the dominant role of the surface absorption channel on the mechanism of absorption enhancements.","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135923274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behrad Rezaee Rezavan, Mohammad Yazdi, Seyedehsan Hosseininejad
{"title":"On the design of multi-vortex beam multiplexers using programmable metasurfaces","authors":"Behrad Rezaee Rezavan, Mohammad Yazdi, Seyedehsan Hosseininejad","doi":"10.1364/josab.502102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.502102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Vovcenko, Alexander Zyablovsky, Alexander Pukhov, Evgeny Andrianov
{"title":"Energy Transport Induced by Transition from Weak to Strong Coupling Regime Between Non-Hermitian Optical Systems","authors":"Ivan Vovcenko, Alexander Zyablovsky, Alexander Pukhov, Evgeny Andrianov","doi":"10.1364/josab.499439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.499439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequency multiplication plays an important role in spectrum research; therefore, in order to achieve enhancement of the second harmonic, the internal structure of nonlinear plasma metamaterial cells becomes more and more complex. The original harmonic oscillator model only regards the cell as a single harmonic oscillator, and a complete understanding of the physical processes involved in harmonic generation experiments in plasmonics is still lacking. In the case in which the plasma structure in a single cell becomes more and more complex, it is not reasonable to regard the entire cell as a single nonlinear oscillator. So expanding the harmonic oscillator model becomes more significant. In this paper, the internal structure of the proposed double U split-ring resonators (DU-SRRs) is regarded as two harmonic oscillators with different resonant frequencies, and the generation process of the enhanced second harmonic is explained by the resonance theorem. The second and third order nonlinear coefficients of the metamaterial are calculated, and the theoretical second harmonic conversion efficiency is obtained by using the second order nonlinear coefficients. Compared with the simulation results of the DU-SRR based on the split-ring resonator, we validate this classical theory as well as the associated numerical algorithm. The ability of the DU-SRR to enhance the second harmonic is proved, and the physical changes inside the cell and the reasons for the enhancement are explained in detail. This method can be used to analyze the nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials with complex cell structures.
{"title":"Second harmonic enhancement effect in the double U split-ring resonators","authors":"Jiahao Hu, chaoying zhao","doi":"10.1364/josab.497381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.497381","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency multiplication plays an important role in spectrum research; therefore, in order to achieve enhancement of the second harmonic, the internal structure of nonlinear plasma metamaterial cells becomes more and more complex. The original harmonic oscillator model only regards the cell as a single harmonic oscillator, and a complete understanding of the physical processes involved in harmonic generation experiments in plasmonics is still lacking. In the case in which the plasma structure in a single cell becomes more and more complex, it is not reasonable to regard the entire cell as a single nonlinear oscillator. So expanding the harmonic oscillator model becomes more significant. In this paper, the internal structure of the proposed double U split-ring resonators (DU-SRRs) is regarded as two harmonic oscillators with different resonant frequencies, and the generation process of the enhanced second harmonic is explained by the resonance theorem. The second and third order nonlinear coefficients of the metamaterial are calculated, and the theoretical second harmonic conversion efficiency is obtained by using the second order nonlinear coefficients. Compared with the simulation results of the DU-SRR based on the split-ring resonator, we validate this classical theory as well as the associated numerical algorithm. The ability of the DU-SRR to enhance the second harmonic is proved, and the physical changes inside the cell and the reasons for the enhancement are explained in detail. This method can be used to analyze the nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials with complex cell structures.","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"46 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Dong Zheng, Jianfeng Chen, Zitao Ji, hao Lin, Zhiyuan Li
We systematically study the surface states at the interface between semi-infinite metal and gyromagnetic media, considering three orthogonal magnetization directions. By solving a full vectorial polarization-complete evanescent wave equation derived from Maxwell’s equations and all four boundary conditions, we obtain rigorous analytical solutions for the surface states. All analytical dispersion equations and field equations under the three configurations are solved. Simultaneously, the solutions also reveal the intriguing features of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) under the gyromagnetic effect. In the polar configuration (where the magnetization is perpendicular to the interface), the gyromagnetic effect uniquely results in candlelight-like field patterns in SPP. In the transversal configuration (where the magnetization is parallel to the interface and perpendicular to propagation), the unidirectional magnetic surface state is found. In the longitudinal configuration (where the magnetization is parallel to propagation), the SPP also exhibits candlelight-like field patterns but manifests a different polarization from the polar configuration. Our results reveal peculiar behaviors of SPPs under the gyromagnetic effect and would deepen the understanding of the magneto-optical effect on interfaces.
{"title":"Analytical solutions for electromagnetic surface states at the interface between metal and gyromagnetic media","authors":"Yi-Dong Zheng, Jianfeng Chen, Zitao Ji, hao Lin, Zhiyuan Li","doi":"10.1364/josab.499881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.499881","url":null,"abstract":"We systematically study the surface states at the interface between semi-infinite metal and gyromagnetic media, considering three orthogonal magnetization directions. By solving a full vectorial polarization-complete evanescent wave equation derived from Maxwell’s equations and all four boundary conditions, we obtain rigorous analytical solutions for the surface states. All analytical dispersion equations and field equations under the three configurations are solved. Simultaneously, the solutions also reveal the intriguing features of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) under the gyromagnetic effect. In the polar configuration (where the magnetization is perpendicular to the interface), the gyromagnetic effect uniquely results in candlelight-like field patterns in SPP. In the transversal configuration (where the magnetization is parallel to the interface and perpendicular to propagation), the unidirectional magnetic surface state is found. In the longitudinal configuration (where the magnetization is parallel to propagation), the SPP also exhibits candlelight-like field patterns but manifests a different polarization from the polar configuration. Our results reveal peculiar behaviors of SPPs under the gyromagnetic effect and would deepen the understanding of the magneto-optical effect on interfaces.","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dingchen Wang, Li Pei, Jingjing Zheng, Jianshuai wang, Wenqiang Hou, Fuhao Zhang, Xiao Ye, Jing Li, Tigang NIng
Fiber amplifiers are used in transmission systems with gain-clamping techniques to avoid unexpected situations such as sudden changes in incoming power due to unstable factors. The O-band bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) has developed rapidly in recent years and has been reported in transmission cases, but its application in clamping is still relatively rare. In past work, we have investigated the clamping effect of a BDFA under a coupler ring cavity under different pumping schemes, while in this work we further improved the structure by replacing the coupler with a circulator to comparatively investigate the limit range of gain stabilization. The experimental results demonstrate that, when the loop loss is 0 dB, the BDFA exhibits nearly identical gain-clamping performance, including flat range and maximum float, with both structures. However, as the loss increases, the circulator structure exhibits a wider gain flatness range than the coupler structure. With pump power of 1 W and VOA loss of 0 dB, the BDFA achieves a maximum gain float of 0.42 dB in the coupler configuration and 0.56 dB in the circulator configuration over an ultra-wide input range of −15dBm to 9 dBm. In addition, the gain flat range under the circulator structure is 3 dB wider than the coupler structure when the VOA loss is 10 dB. Therefore, with the pursuit of a balance between the higher average gain and the widest flat range, it is most advantageous to consider the circulator in the ring cavity. This work gives a valuable reference for the application of the O-band BDFA in gain clamping.
{"title":"O-band BDFA achieves 24dB ultra-wideband signal range effective gain clamping with a maximum float of 0.42 dB","authors":"Dingchen Wang, Li Pei, Jingjing Zheng, Jianshuai wang, Wenqiang Hou, Fuhao Zhang, Xiao Ye, Jing Li, Tigang NIng","doi":"10.1364/josab.502678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.502678","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber amplifiers are used in transmission systems with gain-clamping techniques to avoid unexpected situations such as sudden changes in incoming power due to unstable factors. The O-band bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) has developed rapidly in recent years and has been reported in transmission cases, but its application in clamping is still relatively rare. In past work, we have investigated the clamping effect of a BDFA under a coupler ring cavity under different pumping schemes, while in this work we further improved the structure by replacing the coupler with a circulator to comparatively investigate the limit range of gain stabilization. The experimental results demonstrate that, when the loop loss is 0 dB, the BDFA exhibits nearly identical gain-clamping performance, including flat range and maximum float, with both structures. However, as the loss increases, the circulator structure exhibits a wider gain flatness range than the coupler structure. With pump power of 1 W and VOA loss of 0 dB, the BDFA achieves a maximum gain float of 0.42 dB in the coupler configuration and 0.56 dB in the circulator configuration over an ultra-wide input range of −15dBm to 9 dBm. In addition, the gain flat range under the circulator structure is 3 dB wider than the coupler structure when the VOA loss is 10 dB. Therefore, with the pursuit of a balance between the higher average gain and the widest flat range, it is most advantageous to consider the circulator in the ring cavity. This work gives a valuable reference for the application of the O-band BDFA in gain clamping.","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135043325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-quantum magnetic resonance driven by a periodic RF pulse train","authors":"Eugene Tsygankov, Mariya Vaskovskaya, Dmitriy Chuchelov, Kirill Sabakar, Vitaliy Vassiliev, Sergey Zibrov","doi":"10.1364/josab.501179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.501179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parisa Borjikhani, Mohammad Zibaii, Nosrat Granpayeh
{"title":"Sensitivity enhancement of the LSPR-based tapered optical fiber biosensor by variation of nanoparticles arrangement","authors":"Parisa Borjikhani, Mohammad Zibaii, Nosrat Granpayeh","doi":"10.1364/josab.501733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.501733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose and numerically analyze a broadband, ultracompact hybrid plasmonic mode converter/polarization rotator. The proposed device converts the fundamental transverse magnetic mode (TM 0 ) to the first-order transverse electric mode (TE 1 ). The mode converter is designed using a tapered hybrid plasmonic waveguide in which metal parts are directly surrounding both the input Si waveguide and the tapered output waveguide without a thin low-index layer. After optimizing the proposed structure, a TM 0 -to-TE 1 mode converter with a modal conversion efficiency of 98.2% is achieved. A broad operating bandwidth of 100 nm is achieved with a compact footprint of only 0.8µm×12.5µm for the whole device. At a wavelength of 1550 nm, the insertion loss ranges from 0.91 dB to 1.19 dB using different metal materials, and the extinction ratio of the TE 1 and TM 0 modes is higher than 21 dB in the output Si waveguide.
{"title":"Highly efficient silicon mode converter andpolarization rotator using a silicon-based hybridplasmonic waveguide","authors":"Basma Abu-elmaaty, Hossam Shalaby","doi":"10.1364/josab.502238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/josab.502238","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and numerically analyze a broadband, ultracompact hybrid plasmonic mode converter/polarization rotator. The proposed device converts the fundamental transverse magnetic mode (TM 0 ) to the first-order transverse electric mode (TE 1 ). The mode converter is designed using a tapered hybrid plasmonic waveguide in which metal parts are directly surrounding both the input Si waveguide and the tapered output waveguide without a thin low-index layer. After optimizing the proposed structure, a TM 0 -to-TE 1 mode converter with a modal conversion efficiency of 98.2% is achieved. A broad operating bandwidth of 100 nm is achieved with a compact footprint of only 0.8µm×12.5µm for the whole device. At a wavelength of 1550 nm, the insertion loss ranges from 0.91 dB to 1.19 dB using different metal materials, and the extinction ratio of the TE 1 and TM 0 modes is higher than 21 dB in the output Si waveguide.","PeriodicalId":17280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Optical Society of America B-optical Physics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135043326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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