Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1896.TB00104.X
A. Williamson
{"title":"ON THE ESTIMATION OF ARSENIC ACID IN ARSENATES.","authors":"A. Williamson","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1896.TB00104.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1896.TB00104.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"98 1","pages":"86-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73992556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1924.TB01264.X
A. Green
{"title":"The Progress of Research in the Jonamine Dyestuffs","authors":"A. Green","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1924.TB01264.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1924.TB01264.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"109 1","pages":"138-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84765096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1960.TB02389.X
J. Skelly
The decomposition of sodium chlorite during the bleaching of flax has been studied at different pH values and various temperatures. Bleaching with sodium chlorite should be accompanied by maximum formation of sodium chloride and minimum formation of sodium chlorate and chlorine dioxide. The oxidising power of the bleaching agent is discussed. Whilst there is a good margin of safety with sodium chlorite under normal bleaching conditions, extreme conditions must be avoided, in order to prevent chemical damage. The effect of sodium chlorite on the impurities present in cotton and flax is discussed. The use of hot, weakly acid oxidising solutions permits shortened bleaching processes. The main problems in practical sodium chlorite bleaching are (1) choice of a suitable method of activation of the bleaching agent, (2) selection of corrosion-resistant materials for construction of bleaching plant, and (3) design of the equipment to be used.
{"title":"The Theory and Practice of Sodium Chlorite Bleaching","authors":"J. Skelly","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1960.TB02389.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1960.TB02389.X","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition of sodium chlorite during the bleaching of flax has been studied at different pH values and various temperatures. Bleaching with sodium chlorite should be accompanied by maximum formation of sodium chloride and minimum formation of sodium chlorate and chlorine dioxide. The oxidising power of the bleaching agent is discussed. Whilst there is a good margin of safety with sodium chlorite under normal bleaching conditions, extreme conditions must be avoided, in order to prevent chemical damage. The effect of sodium chlorite on the impurities present in cotton and flax is discussed. The use of hot, weakly acid oxidising solutions permits shortened bleaching processes. The main problems in practical sodium chlorite bleaching are (1) choice of a suitable method of activation of the bleaching agent, (2) selection of corrosion-resistant materials for construction of bleaching plant, and (3) design of the equipment to be used.","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"77 1","pages":"469-479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85178852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1953.TB02801.X
W. Marshall, R. H. Peters
The relation between the reduction properties of vat dyes measured under conditions akin to practice and their printing properties has been examined. Leuco potentials have been determined from electrometric titrations in aqueous solutions, and they have been found to govern the sensitivity of the dyes to the Formosul concentration. Complementary to these measurements are those in which the reducing strengths of the pastes have been determined from the potentials developed at a platinum electrode. These results have been related to the leuco potentials of the dyes, and it has been shown that the maximum potentials reached are adequate to reduce all the dyes. Their duration, however, is short for the low concentrations of Formosul and long for the high concentrations. This is due to decomposition of the reducing agent in the presence of gum, and some decomposition rates are given. The rates of reduction have been measured in print pastes using a model steamer. The times required for complete reduction cover a wide range, but for most dyes they are a substantial proportion of the time allowed for steaming, and must be considered when the printing efficiency of a dye is assessed. Finally, provided the dye is completely reduced, the maximum fixation is determined by its affinity; rates of diffusion in the fibre, solubility of the leuco dye in the paste, and acid leuco formation do not appear to be important.
{"title":"The Reduction of Vat Dyes in Printing Pastes","authors":"W. Marshall, R. H. Peters","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1953.TB02801.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1953.TB02801.X","url":null,"abstract":"The relation between the reduction properties of vat dyes measured under conditions akin to practice and their printing properties has been examined. Leuco potentials have been determined from electrometric titrations in aqueous solutions, and they have been found to govern the sensitivity of the dyes to the Formosul concentration. \u0000 \u0000Complementary to these measurements are those in which the reducing strengths of the pastes have been determined from the potentials developed at a platinum electrode. These results have been related to the leuco potentials of the dyes, and it has been shown that the maximum potentials reached are adequate to reduce all the dyes. Their duration, however, is short for the low concentrations of Formosul and long for the high concentrations. This is due to decomposition of the reducing agent in the presence of gum, and some decomposition rates are given. \u0000 \u0000The rates of reduction have been measured in print pastes using a model steamer. The times required for complete reduction cover a wide range, but for most dyes they are a substantial proportion of the time allowed for steaming, and must be considered when the printing efficiency of a dye is assessed. \u0000 \u0000Finally, provided the dye is completely reduced, the maximum fixation is determined by its affinity; rates of diffusion in the fibre, solubility of the leuco dye in the paste, and acid leuco formation do not appear to be important.","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"22 1","pages":"583-595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85402788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1951.TB02728.X
W. Armfield
The cause of reduction of certain direct dyes during the dyeing of viscose rayon at temperatures near the boil is the presence of alkali, and some direot dyes contain sufficient alkali to cause reduction of other direct dyes although they themselves may not be affected. With increase in temperature reduction increases, and at the boil considerably more reduction takes place than at 90dc. Dyeing in enclosed machines favours reduction owing to the restricted air space, but the effect of this can be overoome by blowing air. over the surface, or through the dye liquor. Lowering the pH of the dye liquor decreases the tendency of dyes to reduce during dyeing. Addition of such a substance as ammonium sulphate or chloride prevents reduction altogether even when dyeing at temperatures near the boil, in all but exceptional cases. The pH values of a number of aqueous dye solutions are listed, and a simple method is described whereby the susceptibility of direct dyes to reduction can be determined. A number of dyes have been tested, and are classified into four groups, according to whether they show considerable, moderate, slight, or no reduction.
{"title":"Reduction of Direct Dyes during the Dyeing of Viscose Rayon","authors":"W. Armfield","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1951.TB02728.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1951.TB02728.X","url":null,"abstract":"The cause of reduction of certain direct dyes during the dyeing of viscose rayon at temperatures near the boil is the presence of alkali, and some direot dyes contain sufficient alkali to cause reduction of other direct dyes although they themselves may not be affected. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000With increase in temperature reduction increases, and at the boil considerably more reduction takes place than at 90dc. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Dyeing in enclosed machines favours reduction owing to the restricted air space, but the effect of this can be overoome by blowing air. over the surface, or through the dye liquor. Lowering the pH of the dye liquor decreases the tendency of dyes to reduce during dyeing. Addition of such a substance as ammonium sulphate or chloride prevents reduction altogether even when dyeing at temperatures near the boil, in all but exceptional cases. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The pH values of a number of aqueous dye solutions are listed, and a simple method is described whereby the susceptibility of direct dyes to reduction can be determined. A number of dyes have been tested, and are classified into four groups, according to whether they show considerable, moderate, slight, or no reduction.","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"21 1","pages":"297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85521932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1986.TB01074.X
J. Parra, J. G. Domínguez, A. Maza, J. S. Leal
Anti-shrinkage procedures based on the deposition of Hercosett on untreated wool fibres combined with either the use of an amphoteric surfactant or mixed micelles of amphoteric/anionic surfactants are described. Specific molar ratios of the surfactants were found to promote good stability of the bath, giving area felting shrinkage values of the treated fabrics less than 10%.
{"title":"The Application of Mixed Surfactant Micelles in Wool Textile Finishing","authors":"J. Parra, J. G. Domínguez, A. Maza, J. S. Leal","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1986.TB01074.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1986.TB01074.X","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-shrinkage procedures based on the deposition of Hercosett on untreated wool fibres combined with either the use of an amphoteric surfactant or mixed micelles of amphoteric/anionic surfactants are described. Specific molar ratios of the surfactants were found to promote good stability of the bath, giving area felting shrinkage values of the treated fabrics less than 10%.","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"19 1","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82100958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1975.TB03230.X
J. Cegarra, J. Gacén
{"title":"An Investigation of Wool Bleaching by Steaming at over 100°C with Hydrogen Peroxide or Sodium Bisulphite","authors":"J. Cegarra, J. Gacén","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1975.TB03230.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1975.TB03230.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84374661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1927.TB01410.X
E. Baly
{"title":"Light and Life","authors":"E. Baly","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1927.TB01410.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1927.TB01410.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"19 1","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85251611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1895.TB00086.X
H. Münzing
{"title":"Apparatus for Purifying Ferruginous Water.","authors":"H. Münzing","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1895.TB00086.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1895.TB00086.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"88 1","pages":"103-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-10-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1478-4408.1998.TB01977.X
A. Özcan, A. A. Clifford, K. Bartle, P. Broadbent, D. Lewis
Cotton, previously modified by reaction with benzoyl chloride and sodium benzoylthioglycollate, was dyed with disperse dyes APAN and DY82 in supercritical carbon dioxide at 100 °C and 300 bar. This process is compared with the dyeing of polyester and unmodified cotton under the same conditions. The modification of the cotton fabric was confirmed using FTIR. The dyed fibre was also subjected to an ISO 2 wash fastness test. The colour yields were assessed by K/S measurements before and after washing. Microscopic cross-section analysis for both modified and dyed cotton and for polyester was also performed.
{"title":"Dyeing of modified cotton fibres with disperse dyes from supercritical carbon dioxide","authors":"A. Özcan, A. A. Clifford, K. Bartle, P. Broadbent, D. Lewis","doi":"10.1111/J.1478-4408.1998.TB01977.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1478-4408.1998.TB01977.X","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton, previously modified by reaction with benzoyl chloride and sodium benzoylthioglycollate, was dyed with disperse dyes APAN and DY82 in supercritical carbon dioxide at 100 °C and 300 bar. This process is compared with the dyeing of polyester and unmodified cotton under the same conditions. The modification of the cotton fabric was confirmed using FTIR. The dyed fibre was also subjected to an ISO 2 wash fastness test. The colour yields were assessed by K/S measurements before and after washing. Microscopic cross-section analysis for both modified and dyed cotton and for polyester was also performed.","PeriodicalId":17288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Society of Dyers and Colourists","volume":"1 1","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84003671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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