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SAR Image Target Detection based on Attention YOLOv4 基于注意力YOLOv4的SAR图像目标检测
Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.5.443
Jongmin Park, Geunhyuk Youk, Munchurl Kim
Target Detection in synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image is critical for military and national defense. In this paper, we propose YOLOv4-Attention architecture which adds attention modules to YOLOv4 backbone architecture to complement the feature extraction ability for SAR target detection with high accuracy. For training and testing our framework, we present new SAR embedding datasets based on MSTAR SAR public datasets which are about poor environments for target detection such as various clutter, crowded objects, various object size, close to buildings, and weakness of signal-to-clutter ratio. Experiments show that our Attention YOLOv4 architecture outperforms original YOLOv4 architecture in SAR image target detection tasks in poor environments for target detection.
合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中的目标检测对军事和国防具有重要意义。本文提出了YOLOv4- attention架构,在YOLOv4主干架构上增加了注意模块,以补充特征提取能力,实现高精度SAR目标检测。为了训练和测试我们的框架,我们在MSTAR SAR公共数据集的基础上提出了新的SAR嵌入数据集,这些数据集针对目标检测环境较差的情况,如各种杂波、拥挤的目标、各种目标大小、靠近建筑物以及信杂比的弱点。实验表明,在恶劣的目标检测环境下,我们的注意力YOLOv4架构在SAR图像目标检测任务中优于原始的YOLOv4架构。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Trajectory of Howitzer Shell 弹壳表面粗糙度对弹壳弹道的影响
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.364
Geonho Shin, K. Cheon, Baek-Cheon Shin, Jeong-Han Go, Junhyeok Lee, Jangwook Hur
Surface state change of ammunition generated during the storage period increases the surface roughness and this affects the flight of ammunition, but there are no research results quantitatively indicating this. In this study, the drag force for each Mach number of howitzer shells was calculated through CFD to which the surface data of the howitzer shell was applied, and analysis of trajectory was performed using drag force values as an input of the 4th Runge-Kutta method, and the degree of decrease of the maximum range caused by the surface roughness of the howitzer shell was estimated. As a result, it was confirmed that the maximum range of howitzer shell with high surface roughness was 1.12 % shorter than that of howitzer shell without roughness. It was confirmed that the effect of surface roughness on the trajectory is not negligible.
弹药在贮存期间产生的表面状态变化使弹药的表面粗糙度增大,从而影响弹药的飞行,但目前还没有定量的研究结果。本研究利用弹壳表面数据,通过CFD计算弹壳各马赫数下的阻力,并将阻力值作为第4龙格-库塔法的输入进行弹道分析,估计弹壳表面粗糙度对弹壳最大射程的降低程度。结果表明,高表面粗糙度榴弹炮的最大射程比无表面粗糙度榴弹炮的最大射程短1.12%。验证了表面粗糙度对轨迹的影响是不可忽略的。
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引用次数: 0
The Development of Air Escort Tactics for High-Value Airborne Assets Using Manned-Unmanned Teaming and the Study on Effective Force Disposition Using M&S 无人组队高价值机载资产空中护航战术发展及M&S有效兵力配置研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.401
Myunghwan Park, Seung-Ki Yoo, Jihyon Oh, H. Seol
As the role of high-value air assets(e.g., AWACS, JSTARS, Rivet Joint, E-2) becomes more critical in modern warfare, the air escort for these assets blocking attacks from any potential enemy fighter also becomes vital. Without the escort, the operations of the assets become restricted. However, such an escort is not always possible due to the limited flight time of the escort fighters. In this paper, we introduce an escort tactics for high-value air assets performed by the manned-unmanned teaming composed of a transport aircraft and UAVs(unmanned aerial vehicles). In this tactics, the transport aircraft plays the role of an aircraft carrier, which carries, launches, and retrieves the UAVs. The missions of UAVs in this tactics are to detect and engage enemy fighters. We also introduce the simulation result of this tactics to identify the UAVs' required capabilities and optimal maneuvering.
随着高价值航空资产(如:(AWACS, JSTARS, Rivet Joint, E-2)在现代战争中变得越来越重要,为这些资产提供空中护航,阻止来自任何潜在敌人战斗机的攻击也变得至关重要。没有护航,资产的操作就会受到限制。然而,由于护航战斗机的飞行时间有限,这样的护航并不总是可能的。本文介绍了一种由运输机和无人机组成的有人-无人组队执行的高价值空中资产护航战术。在这种战术中,运输机扮演航空母舰的角色,运载、发射和回收无人机。在这种战术中,无人机的任务是探测和交战敌方战斗机。本文还介绍了该战术的仿真结果,以确定无人机所需的能力和最佳机动。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Heat Flux Characteristics of Tubular Quartz Lamp for Thermal Load Design of High Temperature Structural Test 用于高温结构试验热负荷设计的管状石英灯热流特性研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.355
Junhyeok Kim
Development of supersonic flying vehicle is one of the most latest issue in modern military technology. Specifically, structural integrity of supersonic flying vehicle can be verified by high temperature structural test. High temperature structural test is required to consider thermal load caused by aerodynamic heating while applying structural load simultaneously. Tubular quartz lamps are generally used to generate thermal load by emitting infrared radiation. In this study, modified heat flux model of tubular quartz lamp is proposed based on existing model. Parameters of the proposed model are optimized upon measured heat flux in three dimensions. Finally, thermal load of plate specimen is designed by the heat flux model. In conclusion, it is possible to predict heat flux applied on plate specimen and desired thermal load of high temperature structural test can be obtained.
超声速飞行器的研制是现代军事技术的最新课题之一。具体来说,超声速飞行器的结构完整性可以通过高温结构试验来验证。高温结构试验需要在同时施加结构载荷的同时考虑气动加热引起的热载荷。管状石英灯一般是通过发射红外辐射来产生热负荷。本文在现有管状石英灯热流密度模型的基础上,提出了改进的管状石英灯热流密度模型。根据实测的三维热流密度对模型参数进行了优化。最后,采用热流密度模型对板试件进行热负荷设计。综上所述,可以预测施加在板试件上的热流密度和高温结构试验所需的热负荷。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Reinforcement Learning Method for the Deception Behavior : Focusing on Marine Corps Amphibious Demonstrations 欺骗行为的强化学习方法研究——以海军陆战队两栖演示为例
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.390
D. Park, Namsuk Cho
Military deception is an action executed to deliberately mislead enemy’s decision by deceiving friendly forces intention. In the lessons learned from war history, deception appears to be a critical factor in the battlefield for successful operations. As training using war-game simulation is growing more important, it is become necessary to implement military deception in war-game model. However, there is no logics or rules proven to be effective for CGF(Computer Generated Forces) to conduct deception behavior automatically. In this study, we investigate methodologies for CGF to learn and conduct military deception using Reinforcement Learning. The key idea of the research is to define a new criterion called a “deception index” which defines how agent learn the action of deception considering both their own combat objectives and deception objectives. We choose Korea Marine Corps Amphibious Demonstrations to show applicability of our methods. The study has an unique contribution as the first research that describes method of implementing deception behavior.
军事欺骗是通过欺骗友军意图,故意误导敌人决定的行为。从战争历史中吸取的教训来看,欺骗似乎是战场上作战成功的关键因素。随着兵棋模拟训练的日益重要,在兵棋模拟模型中实现军事欺骗已成为必要。然而,目前还没有被证明有效的逻辑或规则可以让CGF(Computer Generated Forces)自动进行欺骗行为。在本研究中,我们研究了CGF学习和使用强化学习进行军事欺骗的方法。研究的核心思想是定义一个新的标准,即“欺骗指数”,该标准定义了智能体如何在考虑自身作战目标和欺骗目标的情况下学习欺骗行为。我们选择韩国海军陆战队两栖示范是为了展示我们的方法的适用性。该研究具有独特的贡献,因为它是第一个描述实施欺骗行为方法的研究。
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引用次数: 0
In-vitro Tests of Topical Skin Protectants using a Flow-Through Diffusion Cell System Containing Excised Hairless Mouse Skin 使用含有切除的无毛小鼠皮肤的流动扩散池系统进行局部皮肤保护剂的体外试验
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.434
E. Lee, Hoo-Kyun Choi, Sang Woong Kim, Dong Sung Seo, H. Joe, C. Yu, C. Kim, Y. Cho
Highly toxic chemical warfare agents(CWA) could be used in chemical warfare and terrorism. The protection of skin is crucial for civilians and soldiers, because the primary routes of exposure to CWA are inhalation and skin absorption. Thus, topical skin protectants(TSP) have been studied and developed in many countries to complement protective equipments. In this study, in-vitro test procedure was optimized and established using a flow-through diffusion cell system containing excised hairless mouse skin in an attempt to assess the effectiveness of various TSP formulations against nerve agent simulants. In addition, the test results on the formulations including the ingredients used in SERPACWA(Skin Exposure Reduction Paste Against Chemical Warfare Agent) and IB-1(TSP of Israel) were included, indicating that the formulations with perfluorinated compounds were more effective than the glycerin-based formulations.
剧毒化学战剂(CWA)可用于化学战和恐怖主义。保护皮肤对平民和士兵至关重要,因为接触化学武器的主要途径是吸入和皮肤吸收。因此,许多国家都在研究和开发局部皮肤保护剂(TSP),以补充防护设备。在这项研究中,优化并建立了体外测试程序,使用含有切除的无毛小鼠皮肤的流动扩散池系统,试图评估各种TSP配方对神经毒剂模拟物的有效性。此外,还包括了含有SERPACWA(抗化学战剂皮肤暴露减少膏)和IB-1(以色列TSP)成分的配方的测试结果,表明含全氟化合物的配方比甘油基配方更有效。
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引用次数: 0
The Study of Selecting a Test Area for Validating the Proposal Specification of InSAS(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Sonar) 干涉式合成孔径声呐(InSAS)建议规范验证试验区域选择研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.329
Yosup Park, Seong Hyeon Kim, J. Koh
This paper provides a case study of development testing and evaluation of design goal of Interferometric SAS (Synthetic Aperture Sonar) system that is developing supported by Civil-Military Technology Cooperation Center in offshore fields. For Deep water operating capabilities evaluation, We have surveyed candidate field, bathymetric mapping and target identification over 200 m depth, East Sea. In testing phase, We have provided environmental information of testing field include water column, seabed and weather condition in real time. And to compare excellency of developing InSAS, we have gather commercial imaging sonar system data with same target. This case study will support the Test Readiness Review of future underwater surveillance system developing via investigate marine testing field environment, testing facilities and planning.
本文以海上油田军民技术合作中心支持研制的干涉式合成孔径声呐系统为例,对其设计目标进行了研制、测试和评估。为了评估深水作业能力,我们在东海进行了200米深度的候选油田调查、水深测绘和目标识别。在测试阶段,我们实时提供了测试场的环境信息,包括水柱、海底和天气状况。为了比较国产成像声纳系统的优点,我们收集了同目标的商用成像声纳系统数据。该案例研究将通过调查海上测试场环境、测试设施和规划,支持未来水下监视系统的测试准备审查。
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引用次数: 0
FAST Design for Large-Scale Satellite Image Processing 大规模卫星图像处理的FAST设计
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.372
Youngrim Lee, Wan-yong Park, Hyunchun Park, Daesik Shin
This study proposes a distributed parallel processing system, called the Fast Analysis System for remote sensing daTa(FAST), for large-scale satellite image processing and analysis. FAST is a system that designs jobs in vertices and sequences, and distributes and processes them simultaneously. FAST manages data based on the Hadoop Distributed File System, controls entire jobs based on Apache Spark, and performs tasks in parallel in multiple slave nodes based on a docker container design. FAST enables the high-performance processing of progressively accumulated large-volume satellite images. Because the unit task is performed based on Docker, it is possible to reuse existing source codes for designing and implementing unit tasks. Additionally, the system is robust against software/hardware faults. To prove the capability of the proposed system, we performed an experiment to generate the original satellite images as ortho-images, which is a pre-processing step for all image analyses. In the experiment, when FAST was configured with eight slave nodes, it was found that the processing of a satellite image took less than 30 sec. Through these results, we proved the suitability and practical applicability of the FAST design.
本研究提出了一种分布式并行处理系统,称为快速遥感数据分析系统(Fast),用于大规模卫星图像处理和分析。FAST是一个以顶点和序列设计作业,并同时分配和处理作业的系统。FAST基于Hadoop分布式文件系统管理数据,基于Apache Spark控制整个作业,并基于docker容器设计在多个从节点上并行执行任务。FAST能够对逐渐积累的大容量卫星图像进行高性能处理。由于单元任务是基于Docker执行的,因此可以重用现有的源代码来设计和实现单元任务。此外,该系统对软件/硬件故障具有鲁棒性。为了证明该系统的能力,我们进行了一个实验,将原始卫星图像生成为正射影像,这是所有图像分析的预处理步骤。在实验中,当FAST配置8个从节点时,发现处理卫星图像的时间不到30秒。通过这些结果,我们证明了FAST设计的适用性和实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Occlusion Robust Military Vehicle Detection using Two-Stage Part Attention Networks 基于两阶段局部注意网络的遮挡鲁棒军用车辆检测
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.381
Sunyoung Cho
Detecting partially occluded objects is difficult due to the appearances and shapes of occluders are highly variable. These variabilities lead to challenges of localizing accurate bounding box or classifying objects with visible object parts. To address these problems, we propose a two-stage part-based attention approach for robust object detection under partial occlusion. First, our part attention network(PAN) captures the important object parts and then it is used to generate weighted object features. Based on the weighted features, the re-weighted object features are produced by our reinforced PAN(RPAN). Experiments are performed on our collected military vehicle dataset and synthetic occlusion dataset. Our method outperforms the baselines and demonstrates the robustness of detecting objects under partial occlusion.
由于遮挡物的外观和形状变化很大,检测部分遮挡物是很困难的。这些可变性导致了定位精确边界框或对具有可见对象部分的对象进行分类的挑战。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种基于部分注意的两阶段鲁棒目标检测方法。首先,我们的局部关注网络(PAN)捕获重要的目标部分,然后使用它来生成加权目标特征。在加权特征的基础上,利用增强聚丙烯腈(RPAN)生成重新加权的目标特征。在我们收集的军用车辆数据集和合成遮挡数据集上进行了实验。我们的方法优于基线,并证明了部分遮挡下检测目标的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
A Design Method for Pre-Distortion Compensation of SAR Chirp Signal based on Envelop Sampling and Interpolation Filter 基于包络采样和插值滤波的SAR啁啾信号预失真补偿设计方法
Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.347
Young-Bok Lee
The synthetic aperture radar(SAR) is an equipment that can acquire images in all weathers day and night based on radar signals. The on-board processor of satellite SAR generates transmission signal by digital signal processing, converts it into an analog signal and transmits to antenna. Until the transmission signal generated by on-board processor is output, the signal passes the transmission cables and analog devices. At this time, these hardware distort the signal and makes SAR performance worse. To improve the performance, pre-distortion technique is used. But, general pre-distortion using taylor series is not sufficient to compensate for the distortion. This paper suggests transmit signal design method with improved pre-distortion. This paper uses envelop sampling method and interpolation filter for frequency domain compensation. The proposed method accurately compensates the hardware distortion and reduces resource usage of FPGA. To analyze proposed method’s performance, IRF characteristics are compared when the proposed method applies to signal with errors.
合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种基于雷达信号进行全天候图像采集的设备。卫星SAR的星载处理器通过数字信号处理产生发射信号,并将其转换成模拟信号传输到天线。直到板载处理器产生的传输信号输出,信号才经过传输电缆和模拟设备。此时,这些硬件会使信号失真,使SAR性能变差。为了提高性能,采用了预失真技术。但是,一般使用泰勒级数的预失真不足以补偿失真。提出了一种改进预失真的发射信号设计方法。本文采用包络采样法和插值滤波法进行频域补偿。该方法精确地补偿了硬件失真,减少了FPGA的资源占用。为了分析所提方法的性能,比较了所提方法应用于含误差信号时的IRF特性。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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