Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.4.269-281
N. H. Megdad, W. Seger, Y. J. Mohammed
The poultry industry plays an important role in the food economics and the food industry in both their layer and broiler chicken. Poultry diseases on the other way impact in the poultry industry especially diseases from virus sources since it does not have a specific treatment except for vaccines with routine prevention and control. This study was designed for the assessment of histopathological changes, molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analyses of the Infectious Bronchitis virus circulating in broilers in Basrah province in the south of Iraq. The tissue samples were (trachea, lung and kidney). One hundred samples were studied with clinical signs and lesions related to IB. The histopathological changes caused by the virus were studied with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and the causative agent Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) was identified using a polymerase chain reaction combined with explaining the phylogenetic analysis. The results of molecular diagnosis and identification showed the twelve Iraqi field strains of IBV were closely related and shared a high identity of 98.44 %- 99.69 % of each other. Variant 2(IS/1494 like) was a predominant genotype of IBV in the present study, and has high similarity with the variant 2(IS/1494) like a strain of IBV circulating in Iran and in the Kurdistan region north of Iraq. The histopathological findings were desquamation of the cilia of the mucosa layer of the trachea, infiltration of inflammatory cells, hyperplasia of goblet cells with thickening of mucosal layer in some areas infiltration of inflammatory exudate within capillaries and Para bronchus, where the microscopic results in kidney were showed interstitial hemorrhage, necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cell. The present results provided useful information on target organs damaged by IBV and the genetic epidemiology of such virus strains circulating in Basrah governorate Iraq during this year that would be helpful to develop a local vaccine.
{"title":"Histopathological study and molecular characterization of Infectious Bronchitis virus circulating in broilers in Basrah governorate, Iraq","authors":"N. H. Megdad, W. Seger, Y. J. Mohammed","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.269-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.269-281","url":null,"abstract":"The poultry industry plays an important role in the food economics and the food industry in both their layer and broiler chicken. Poultry diseases on the other way impact in the poultry industry especially diseases from virus sources since it does not have a specific treatment except for vaccines with routine prevention and control. This study was designed for the assessment of histopathological changes, molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analyses of the Infectious Bronchitis virus circulating in broilers in Basrah province in the south of Iraq. The tissue samples were (trachea, lung and kidney). One hundred samples were studied with clinical signs and lesions related to IB. The histopathological changes caused by the virus were studied with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and the causative agent Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) was identified using a polymerase chain reaction combined with explaining the phylogenetic analysis. The results of molecular diagnosis and identification showed the twelve Iraqi field strains of IBV were closely related and shared a high identity of 98.44 %- 99.69 % of each other. Variant 2(IS/1494 like) was a predominant genotype of IBV in the present study, and has high similarity with the variant 2(IS/1494) like a strain of IBV circulating in Iran and in the Kurdistan region north of Iraq. The histopathological findings were desquamation of the cilia of the mucosa layer of the trachea, infiltration of inflammatory cells, hyperplasia of goblet cells with thickening of mucosal layer in some areas infiltration of inflammatory exudate within capillaries and Para bronchus, where the microscopic results in kidney were showed interstitial hemorrhage, necrosis of the renal tubular epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cell. The present results provided useful information on target organs damaged by IBV and the genetic epidemiology of such virus strains circulating in Basrah governorate Iraq during this year that would be helpful to develop a local vaccine.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139315051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.4.243-257
I. Djunaidi, C. Damayanti, S. Wibowo, O. Sjofjan
Using synthetic feed additive, such as antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), is common in Mojosari layer duck (Anas javanica) farms. Their purpose is to enhance growth and productivity. However, the indiscriminate use of AGPs has been associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance. This leads to lingering effects and potential health hazards for poultry and consumers. In light of these concerns, natural herb feed additives have emerged as an alternative strategy to AGPs in poultry feed. The active compounds in natural feed additives can improve feed efficiency and enhance production performance, resulting in higher-quality poultry products, especially eggs. However, it is known that the active compounds in phytobiotics derived from herbs contain anti-nutrients that can affect productivity and alpha-amylase in poultry. This study was aimed to investigate the interconnection between active compounds in phytobiotics and alpha-amylase using in-silico methods and verify the findings with field data using in-vivo methods. Alpha-Amylase is a vital enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds present in glycogen, resulting in the formation of maltose, a water-soluble disaccharide. Based on the results of docking involving nine phytobiotic compounds and their interaction with glycogen, it was observed that andrographidine E showed a binding affinity of 8.8 kcal/mol. Furthermore, these compounds form conventional hydrogen bonds, facilitated the formation of stable bonds between proteins and compounds. In particular, the interacting amino acids did not exhibit unfavourable bonds. Therefore, andrographidine E was more stable compared to other compounds. Nonetheless, the results show that several compounds have weaker binding affinity than the enzyme's binding to glycogen. However, the hydrophobic binding types of these compounds did not seem to impact the performance of the alpha-amylase enzyme, as demonstrated by in vivo data.
使用合成饲料添加剂，如抗生素生长促进剂（AGPs），在莫约萨里蛋鸭（Anas javanica）养殖场很常见。其目的是提高生长和生产率。然而，滥用 AGP 与细菌抗药性的出现有关。这导致了对家禽和消费者的持续影响和潜在健康危害。鉴于这些问题，天然草药饲料添加剂已成为家禽饲料中 AGPs 的替代策略。天然饲料添加剂中的活性化合物可提高饲料效率和生产性能，从而生产出更高质量的家禽产品，尤其是鸡蛋。然而，众所周知，从草药中提取的植物生物素中的活性化合物含有抗营养素，会影响家禽的生产率和α-淀粉酶。本研究的目的是利用体内方法研究植物生物制剂中的活性化合物与α-淀粉酶之间的相互关系，并利用体内方法将研究结果与现场数据进行验证。α-淀粉酶是一种重要的酶，能催化水解糖原中的糖苷键，形成麦芽糖这种水溶性双糖。根据涉及九种植物生物化合物及其与糖原相互作用的对接结果，发现穿心莲黄酮苷 E 的结合亲和力为 8.8 kcal/mol。此外，这些化合物形成了常规氢键，促进了蛋白质与化合物之间形成稳定的结合。特别是，相互作用的氨基酸没有出现不利的结合。因此，穿心莲黄酮苷 E 与其他化合物相比更加稳定。不过，研究结果表明，有几种化合物的结合亲和力弱于酶与糖原的结合。不过，这些化合物的疏水结合类型似乎不会影响α-淀粉酶的性能，体内数据也证明了这一点。
{"title":"Exploring the potential of natural feed additives from herbs as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for Mojosari layer duck (Anas javanica) farming: in-silico and in-vivo studies","authors":"I. Djunaidi, C. Damayanti, S. Wibowo, O. Sjofjan","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.243-257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.243-257","url":null,"abstract":"Using synthetic feed additive, such as antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), is common in Mojosari layer duck (Anas javanica) farms. Their purpose is to enhance growth and productivity. However, the indiscriminate use of AGPs has been associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance. This leads to lingering effects and potential health hazards for poultry and consumers. In light of these concerns, natural herb feed additives have emerged as an alternative strategy to AGPs in poultry feed. The active compounds in natural feed additives can improve feed efficiency and enhance production performance, resulting in higher-quality poultry products, especially eggs. However, it is known that the active compounds in phytobiotics derived from herbs contain anti-nutrients that can affect productivity and alpha-amylase in poultry. This study was aimed to investigate the interconnection between active compounds in phytobiotics and alpha-amylase using in-silico methods and verify the findings with field data using in-vivo methods. Alpha-Amylase is a vital enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds present in glycogen, resulting in the formation of maltose, a water-soluble disaccharide. Based on the results of docking involving nine phytobiotic compounds and their interaction with glycogen, it was observed that andrographidine E showed a binding affinity of 8.8 kcal/mol. Furthermore, these compounds form conventional hydrogen bonds, facilitated the formation of stable bonds between proteins and compounds. In particular, the interacting amino acids did not exhibit unfavourable bonds. Therefore, andrographidine E was more stable compared to other compounds. Nonetheless, the results show that several compounds have weaker binding affinity than the enzyme's binding to glycogen. However, the hydrophobic binding types of these compounds did not seem to impact the performance of the alpha-amylase enzyme, as demonstrated by in vivo data.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.4.258-268
S. Ruban, V. Danshyn, M. Matvieiev, I. Lastovska, O. O. Borshch, O. V. Borshch, V. Bilkevych, M. Fedorchenko, V. Lykhach
The aim of the research was to develop a selection index for the evaluation and selection of dairy cattle for increasing milk production and reproductive traits. Materials of the research were data on milk production and reproduction of cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in commercial farm in Kharkiv region. Studies showed that there was a certain antagonism between milk productivity and reproduction of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cow. The coefficients of phenotypic correlation between milk yield, fat and protein yield and the days open ranged from +0.284 to +0.293. Selection indexes were built, which included protein, fat yield, and days open. The developed selection indexes were characterized by a high relationship with the protein yield (α<0.001), much lower – with the fat yield (α<0.05), while the relationship of the selection indexes with the days open was almost absent. The calculated estimates of correlation and regression coefficients made possible to predict correlated responses of milk production and reproduction traits on selection index. The results showed that the developed selection indexes allow increase the milk production of cows and at the same time to prevent decrease in the level of reproduction.
{"title":"Grounding the economic selection index for evaluation and selection of dairy cattle","authors":"S. Ruban, V. Danshyn, M. Matvieiev, I. Lastovska, O. O. Borshch, O. V. Borshch, V. Bilkevych, M. Fedorchenko, V. Lykhach","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.4.258-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.4.258-268","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to develop a selection index for the evaluation and selection of dairy cattle for increasing milk production and reproductive traits. Materials of the research were data on milk production and reproduction of cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in commercial farm in Kharkiv region. Studies showed that there was a certain antagonism between milk productivity and reproduction of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cow. The coefficients of phenotypic correlation between milk yield, fat and protein yield and the days open ranged from +0.284 to +0.293. Selection indexes were built, which included protein, fat yield, and days open. The developed selection indexes were characterized by a high relationship with the protein yield (α<0.001), much lower – with the fat yield (α<0.05), while the relationship of the selection indexes with the days open was almost absent. The calculated estimates of correlation and regression coefficients made possible to predict correlated responses of milk production and reproduction traits on selection index. The results showed that the developed selection indexes allow increase the milk production of cows and at the same time to prevent decrease in the level of reproduction.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.222-231
I. Mangisah, S. Sugiharto
This study aimed to examine the effect of synbiotics and synbiotics plus Selenium or betaine on the performance, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks. A total of 200 ducks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized study. The treatment groups included control (basal feed without any additive), synbiotics (Syn; basal feed supple-mented with 2% synbiotics), synbiotic plus selenium (Syn+Se; basal feed supplemented with 2% syn-biotics and 10 mg/kg selenium), synbiotic plus betaine (Syn+Bet; basal feed supplemented with 2% synbiotics and 500 mg/kg betaine). The Tegal duck performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibil-ity, and carcass quality were determined at the end of the study. Final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) in ducks given synbiotic plus selenium compared to other treat-ments. Betaine or selenium in combination with synbiotics lowered (p<0.05) the caecum’s pH values. Synbiotic plus selenium or betaine enhanced (p<0.05) the numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but did not reduce the colonies of Escherichia coli in the caecum of ducks. Crude protein and crude fiber digestibility in Tegal ducks were considerably (p<0.05) improved by the administration of synbiotics, synbiotics plus selenium, or synbiotics plus betaine as compared to control. The Syn+Bet treatment, in contrast to the Syn and Syn+Se treatments, substantially (p<0.05) enhanced N and Ca retention. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) carcass and thigh proportions than the control and Syn groups. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) meat weights than the control and Syn groups. The treatment groups had less (p<0.05) abdominal fat than the control. Total cholesterol of meats was lower (p<0.05) in ducks treated with synbiotics or a combination of synbiotics with seleni-um or betaine. In conclusion, dietary administration of synbiotic plus selenium resulted in improved body weight, FCR, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat weight and total cho-lesterol in meats of Tegal ducks.
{"title":"Effect of synbiotic plus selenium or betaine on performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks","authors":"I. Mangisah, S. Sugiharto","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.222-231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.222-231","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the effect of synbiotics and synbiotics plus Selenium or betaine on the performance, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks. A total of 200 ducks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized study. The treatment groups included control (basal feed without any additive), synbiotics (Syn; basal feed supple-mented with 2% synbiotics), synbiotic plus selenium (Syn+Se; basal feed supplemented with 2% syn-biotics and 10 mg/kg selenium), synbiotic plus betaine (Syn+Bet; basal feed supplemented with 2% synbiotics and 500 mg/kg betaine). The Tegal duck performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibil-ity, and carcass quality were determined at the end of the study. Final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) in ducks given synbiotic plus selenium compared to other treat-ments. Betaine or selenium in combination with synbiotics lowered (p<0.05) the caecum’s pH values. Synbiotic plus selenium or betaine enhanced (p<0.05) the numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but did not reduce the colonies of Escherichia coli in the caecum of ducks. Crude protein and crude fiber digestibility in Tegal ducks were considerably (p<0.05) improved by the administration of synbiotics, synbiotics plus selenium, or synbiotics plus betaine as compared to control. The Syn+Bet treatment, in contrast to the Syn and Syn+Se treatments, substantially (p<0.05) enhanced N and Ca retention. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) carcass and thigh proportions than the control and Syn groups. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) meat weights than the control and Syn groups. The treatment groups had less (p<0.05) abdominal fat than the control. Total cholesterol of meats was lower (p<0.05) in ducks treated with synbiotics or a combination of synbiotics with seleni-um or betaine. In conclusion, dietary administration of synbiotic plus selenium resulted in improved body weight, FCR, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat weight and total cho-lesterol in meats of Tegal ducks.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45176712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.232-240
O. Balogun, M. Olumide, K. Ayantoye, A. Bolarinwa, T. Agboola
Researchers have recently focused their attention on the chicken producers' inability to produce in sufficient quantities and quality, which contributes to the high price of locally produced chickens. The study investigated the profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria. In order to collect cross-sectional data from sixty owners of broiler poultry farms in the study area between October 2021 and January 2022 for the 2021 production year, a multistage survey technique was used. The data were an-alyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit frontier model. Average stock size and mortality rate of farmers were 1826 birds and 3.3% respectively while Ross strain of birds was most preferred birds. The result indicated that broiler farming is a lucrative busi-ness with a profitability index of 45.5 %. The results reveal that the cost of feed, cost of labour used and day-old chicks were the variables that significantly explained the profit efficiency of broiler poul-try farms while household size, years of experience and other income source were the profit inefficien-cy variables. The study recommends government supports to broiler farms in form of input subsidies to enhance efficiency
{"title":"Econometric analysis of profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria","authors":"O. Balogun, M. Olumide, K. Ayantoye, A. Bolarinwa, T. Agboola","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.232-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.232-240","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have recently focused their attention on the chicken producers' inability to produce in sufficient quantities and quality, which contributes to the high price of locally produced chickens. The study investigated the profit efficiency of broiler farms in Ondo state, Nigeria. In order to collect cross-sectional data from sixty owners of broiler poultry farms in the study area between October 2021 and January 2022 for the 2021 production year, a multistage survey technique was used. The data were an-alyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas stochastic profit frontier model. Average stock size and mortality rate of farmers were 1826 birds and 3.3% respectively while Ross strain of birds was most preferred birds. The result indicated that broiler farming is a lucrative busi-ness with a profitability index of 45.5 %. The results reveal that the cost of feed, cost of labour used and day-old chicks were the variables that significantly explained the profit efficiency of broiler poul-try farms while household size, years of experience and other income source were the profit inefficien-cy variables. The study recommends government supports to broiler farms in form of input subsidies to enhance efficiency","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.161-168
G. Deviandini, R. R. Noor, E. Taufik, S. A. Asmarasari
Sapera goats, a crossbreed between Saanen and Etawa Grade goats, are known for their milk pro-duction and adaptability to the Indonesian climate. Genetic selection is necessary to improve the Sa-pera goat's milk quality and quantity. CSN2 gene is one of the genes that can affect the composition of goat milk. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the mutation points (SNPs) at the CSN2 exon 7 gene and its association with Sapera goat's milk composition. This study used sixty-six blood and milk sam-ples of Sapera goats collected from the Livestock Research Center, Ciawi. This study found two muta-tion points (SNPs) at g.8946C>T and g.8956G>A. The association analysis showed that SNP g.8946C>T was significantly associated with the lactose and salt content of Sapera goat's milk. In con-clusion, SNP g.8946C>T can be used as a genetic marker to improve the composition of Sapera goat milk with high lactose and salt content.
{"title":"Analysis of CSN2 Exon 7 gene diversity and its association with Sapera goat milk composition","authors":"G. Deviandini, R. R. Noor, E. Taufik, S. A. Asmarasari","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.161-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.161-168","url":null,"abstract":"Sapera goats, a crossbreed between Saanen and Etawa Grade goats, are known for their milk pro-duction and adaptability to the Indonesian climate. Genetic selection is necessary to improve the Sa-pera goat's milk quality and quantity. CSN2 gene is one of the genes that can affect the composition of goat milk. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the mutation points (SNPs) at the CSN2 exon 7 gene and its association with Sapera goat's milk composition. This study used sixty-six blood and milk sam-ples of Sapera goats collected from the Livestock Research Center, Ciawi. This study found two muta-tion points (SNPs) at g.8946C>T and g.8956G>A. The association analysis showed that SNP g.8946C>T was significantly associated with the lactose and salt content of Sapera goat's milk. In con-clusion, SNP g.8946C>T can be used as a genetic marker to improve the composition of Sapera goat milk with high lactose and salt content.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43386976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.182-193
A. S. Noori, Z. Jameel, A. Saki, P. Zamani, S. Mirzaei Goudarzi
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of copper–methionine chelates and alfalfa powder on egg yolk cholesterol content, egg quality, and performance in laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 100 laying hens (Nick Chick strain, from 109 to 117 weeks of age) were arranged into five experimental treatments, consisting of 2 different dietary alfalfa powder and 2 different copper chelate levels in a (2x2) factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The treat-ments groups included: T1 Control (Corn and soybean meal), treatments T2 (3% alfalfa powder+50 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate), T3 (3% alfalfa powder+100 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate), T4 (6% alfalfa powder+50 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate) and T5 (6% alfalfa powder+100 mg/kg cop-per-methionine chelate). The results of this study have shown that, different levels of alfalfa powder and copper-methionine chelate in laying hens diet except feed conversion ratio and shell-less eggs, oth-er performance parameters were not substantially affected by the level of 3% alfalfa powder through-out of experimental period (P>0.05). Moreover, different levels of alfalfa powder and copper-methionine chelate except egg yolk color had no significant effect on internal and external egg quality traits during the whole experimental period (P>0.05). As well as, the egg yolk color index was signifi-cantly increased by increasing the level of alfalfa powder in the laying hens’ diet (P<0.001). The high-est egg yolk color index was observed in treatment 5 which (containing 6% alfalfa powder+ 100 mg / kg copper-methionine chelate in per kg of diet). Meanwhile, the treatment group that received (6% al-falfa powder+100mg/kg copper- methionine chelate) the egg yolk cholesterol concentration was signif-icantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.001). Therefore, addition of alfalfa powder and copper methionine chelate to the diet of laying hens reduced egg yolk cholesterol and increased egg yolk color.
{"title":"Egg yolk cholesterol, egg quality, and performance in response to copper–methionine chelates and alfalfa powder supplementation in Nick chick laying hen diets","authors":"A. S. Noori, Z. Jameel, A. Saki, P. Zamani, S. Mirzaei Goudarzi","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.182-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.182-193","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of copper–methionine chelates and alfalfa powder on egg yolk cholesterol content, egg quality, and performance in laying hens. In this experiment, a total of 100 laying hens (Nick Chick strain, from 109 to 117 weeks of age) were arranged into five experimental treatments, consisting of 2 different dietary alfalfa powder and 2 different copper chelate levels in a (2x2) factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The treat-ments groups included: T1 Control (Corn and soybean meal), treatments T2 (3% alfalfa powder+50 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate), T3 (3% alfalfa powder+100 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate), T4 (6% alfalfa powder+50 mg/kg copper-methionine chelate) and T5 (6% alfalfa powder+100 mg/kg cop-per-methionine chelate). The results of this study have shown that, different levels of alfalfa powder and copper-methionine chelate in laying hens diet except feed conversion ratio and shell-less eggs, oth-er performance parameters were not substantially affected by the level of 3% alfalfa powder through-out of experimental period (P>0.05). Moreover, different levels of alfalfa powder and copper-methionine chelate except egg yolk color had no significant effect on internal and external egg quality traits during the whole experimental period (P>0.05). As well as, the egg yolk color index was signifi-cantly increased by increasing the level of alfalfa powder in the laying hens’ diet (P<0.001). The high-est egg yolk color index was observed in treatment 5 which (containing 6% alfalfa powder+ 100 mg / kg copper-methionine chelate in per kg of diet). Meanwhile, the treatment group that received (6% al-falfa powder+100mg/kg copper- methionine chelate) the egg yolk cholesterol concentration was signif-icantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.001). Therefore, addition of alfalfa powder and copper methionine chelate to the diet of laying hens reduced egg yolk cholesterol and increased egg yolk color.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49102069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.169-181
T. Suselowati, R. R. Noor, J. Jakaria
Bali cattle is one of Indonesia's original livestock genetic resources. The 12S rRNA can be used as a marker of genetic diversity, and until now, there has been no report on Bali cattle. The study was aimed to analyze the gene of mtDNA 12S rRNA to determine haplotype diversity and phylogenetics in Bali cattle populations of the eastern region of Indonesia. A total of 95 blood samples used consisted of three different populations which were Bali cattle, Ongole crossbred (PO) and Madura cattle as a comparison. This research was analyzed using PCR and sequencing methods. The data were analyzed using the cluster W method for estimating genetic distances, calculating diversity, and reconstructing phylogenetic trees using the MEGAX, DNAsP and Network. The genetic distance values ranged from 0.00200 to 0.01508, and the Haplotype diversity values ranged from 0.66000 to 0.91111. The nucleo-tide diversity values ranged from 0.00174 to 0.01673. There were 16 haplotypes found. The values of Gst, Nst and Fst were 0.00803, 0.07550, 0.07622; respectively. Based on the analysis, there were dif-ferences between Bali cattle from various populations, there were specific haplotypes. The 12S rRNA gene can be used as a genetic marker for diversity studies in Bali cattle and other cattle breeds although the diversity is low.
{"title":"Haplotype and phylogenetic diversity using mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene marker in Bali cattle","authors":"T. Suselowati, R. R. Noor, J. Jakaria","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.169-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.169-181","url":null,"abstract":"Bali cattle is one of Indonesia's original livestock genetic resources. The 12S rRNA can be used as a marker of genetic diversity, and until now, there has been no report on Bali cattle. The study was aimed to analyze the gene of mtDNA 12S rRNA to determine haplotype diversity and phylogenetics in Bali cattle populations of the eastern region of Indonesia. A total of 95 blood samples used consisted of three different populations which were Bali cattle, Ongole crossbred (PO) and Madura cattle as a comparison. This research was analyzed using PCR and sequencing methods. The data were analyzed using the cluster W method for estimating genetic distances, calculating diversity, and reconstructing phylogenetic trees using the MEGAX, DNAsP and Network. The genetic distance values ranged from 0.00200 to 0.01508, and the Haplotype diversity values ranged from 0.66000 to 0.91111. The nucleo-tide diversity values ranged from 0.00174 to 0.01673. There were 16 haplotypes found. The values of Gst, Nst and Fst were 0.00803, 0.07550, 0.07622; respectively. Based on the analysis, there were dif-ferences between Bali cattle from various populations, there were specific haplotypes. The 12S rRNA gene can be used as a genetic marker for diversity studies in Bali cattle and other cattle breeds although the diversity is low.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.208-221
A. Suryani, A. Anggraeni, M. F. Karimy, L. Istiqomah, H. Herdian
The effect of local Indonesian microbial phytase, derived from L. plantarum A1-E extracted from the small intestine of Indonesian free-range chickens and C. tropicalis TKd-3 obtained from fermented Indonesian soybean tempe, on growth performance, metabolizable energy, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization in broilers is the subject of evaluation in this study. A total of 140 day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatments, five replicates, and seven chicks in each replicate. The research was carried out for 28 days. The experimental groups consisted of a basal diet without phytase (FA) serving as the negative control, a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of L. plantarum A1-E phytase (FB), a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of C. tropicalis TKd-3 phytase (FC), and a basal diet with commercial phytase as the positive control (FD). The results revealed that the broiler performance index increased by the FB and FC treatments (P<0.05), and the FC treatment exhibited a tendency to enhance metabolizable energy (P=0.06). The result of ileum histomorphology showed that the FB treatment increased villous height, the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and villous surface area (P<0.05). The highest mineral content of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in broiler breast meat was obtained in the FB treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest mineral content of calcium (Ca), P, Mg, zinc (Zn), and Fe in thigh meat was found in the FC treatment (P<0.05). The mineralization of the tibia bone demonstrated that the FB treatment exerted a significant effect (P<0.05) on the P, Mg, and Fe mineral content. In conclusion, the performance index increased due to microbial phytase supplementation. Besides that, L. plantarum A1-E phytase improved the surface area of the villus, the absorption of ileum minerals, the mineral content of breast meat, and minerals deposition in the tibia.
{"title":"A study on the evaluation of Indonesian local microbial phytase supplementation and its impact on broiler chicken performance, metabolic energy utilization, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization","authors":"A. Suryani, A. Anggraeni, M. F. Karimy, L. Istiqomah, H. Herdian","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.208-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.208-221","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of local Indonesian microbial phytase, derived from L. plantarum A1-E extracted from the small intestine of Indonesian free-range chickens and C. tropicalis TKd-3 obtained from fermented Indonesian soybean tempe, on growth performance, metabolizable energy, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization in broilers is the subject of evaluation in this study. A total of 140 day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatments, five replicates, and seven chicks in each replicate. The research was carried out for 28 days. The experimental groups consisted of a basal diet without phytase (FA) serving as the negative control, a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of L. plantarum A1-E phytase (FB), a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of C. tropicalis TKd-3 phytase (FC), and a basal diet with commercial phytase as the positive control (FD). The results revealed that the broiler performance index increased by the FB and FC treatments (P<0.05), and the FC treatment exhibited a tendency to enhance metabolizable energy (P=0.06). The result of ileum histomorphology showed that the FB treatment increased villous height, the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and villous surface area (P<0.05). The highest mineral content of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in broiler breast meat was obtained in the FB treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest mineral content of calcium (Ca), P, Mg, zinc (Zn), and Fe in thigh meat was found in the FC treatment (P<0.05). The mineralization of the tibia bone demonstrated that the FB treatment exerted a significant effect (P<0.05) on the P, Mg, and Fe mineral content. In conclusion, the performance index increased due to microbial phytase supplementation. Besides that, L. plantarum A1-E phytase improved the surface area of the villus, the absorption of ileum minerals, the mineral content of breast meat, and minerals deposition in the tibia.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46328291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.14710/jitaa.48.3.194-207
F. Dameanti, A. O. Dacosta, S. L. Adrenalin, M. Fatmawati, F. S. Permata, H. Siswanto, T. Ariyanti
Avian colibacillosis is a high-prevalence chicken farm disease caused by avian pathogen-ic Escherichia coli (APEC). It is necessary to identify and look up to the bacterial activity to stave off a decline in chicken performance. This study aimed to identify and determine the pathogenetic activity of APEC within broiler chickens on the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum histopathology comparison. The samples were collected from a total of 40 broilers, obtained from a highest-colibacillosis historical chicken house, identified with bacterial isolation swab-technique, and analyzed with nonparametric statistical lesions scoring. The identification result showed 82.5% E. coli with a 62.5% APEC con-firmed. The histopathological feature showed a significant difference (p<0.05), where the jejunum ap-peared to encounter the most significant damage compared to the duodenum and ileum. Thus, it is con-cluded that APEC field infection varies in characteristics and pathogenicity, which affects intestinal organs based on the histology changes, mainly in the jejunum part of the intestine.
{"title":"A comparative study on histopathological features of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum from broiler chicken with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection","authors":"F. Dameanti, A. O. Dacosta, S. L. Adrenalin, M. Fatmawati, F. S. Permata, H. Siswanto, T. Ariyanti","doi":"10.14710/jitaa.48.3.194-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.48.3.194-207","url":null,"abstract":"Avian colibacillosis is a high-prevalence chicken farm disease caused by avian pathogen-ic Escherichia coli (APEC). It is necessary to identify and look up to the bacterial activity to stave off a decline in chicken performance. This study aimed to identify and determine the pathogenetic activity of APEC within broiler chickens on the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum histopathology comparison. The samples were collected from a total of 40 broilers, obtained from a highest-colibacillosis historical chicken house, identified with bacterial isolation swab-technique, and analyzed with nonparametric statistical lesions scoring. The identification result showed 82.5% E. coli with a 62.5% APEC con-firmed. The histopathological feature showed a significant difference (p<0.05), where the jejunum ap-peared to encounter the most significant damage compared to the duodenum and ileum. Thus, it is con-cluded that APEC field infection varies in characteristics and pathogenicity, which affects intestinal organs based on the histology changes, mainly in the jejunum part of the intestine.","PeriodicalId":17297,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49361799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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