Amphibian surveys provide information on the distribution, abundance and habitat requirements of species, and the environmental variables that control diversity. Such information is needed for effective conservation planning and management of forests and woodlands, including monitoring of amphibian populations in a period of apparent global decline. Amphibian surveys can be time-consuming and expensive, and many issues must be addressed to maximize the reliability of the resulting data. Sampling techniques that are effective in one region or habitat type may be less so in another, and a preliminary study comparing different techniques before undertaking a survey may be necessary. Data collected in poorly designed surveys can be unsuitable for statistical analysis, and may sometimes present a misleading picture of the distribution, abundance and habitat requirements of amphibian species. This review examines issues of survey design, assesses past amphibian surveys in forest and woodland habitats, and provides recommendations for planning an amphibian survey. Firstly, the study area and survey aims should be identifi ed, and proposed sampling techniques assessed using relevant literature or a pilot study. Ethical issues associated with proposed sampling techniques should also be considered. The number, size and arrangement of the survey units (e.g. plots, sites or transects) should be sufficient to address the survey aims. The survey units should be systematically surveyed several times with appropriate sampling techniques.
{"title":"REVIEW: AMPHIBIAN SURVEYS IN FORESTS AND WOODLANDS","authors":"K. Parris","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11931","url":null,"abstract":"Amphibian surveys provide information on the distribution, abundance and habitat requirements of species, and the environmental variables that control diversity. Such information is needed for effective conservation planning and management of forests and woodlands, including monitoring of amphibian populations in a period of apparent global decline. Amphibian surveys can be time-consuming and expensive, and many issues must be addressed to maximize the reliability of the resulting data. Sampling techniques that are effective in one region or habitat type may be less so in another, and a preliminary study comparing different techniques before undertaking a survey may be necessary. Data collected in poorly designed surveys can be unsuitable for statistical analysis, and may sometimes present a misleading picture of the distribution, abundance and habitat requirements of amphibian species. This review examines issues of survey design, assesses past amphibian surveys in forest and woodland habitats, and provides recommendations for planning an amphibian survey. Firstly, the study area and survey aims should be identifi ed, and proposed sampling techniques assessed using relevant literature or a pilot study. Ethical issues associated with proposed sampling techniques should also be considered. The number, size and arrangement of the survey units (e.g. plots, sites or transects) should be sufficient to address the survey aims. The survey units should be systematically surveyed several times with appropriate sampling techniques.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117131736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1Department of Biology, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfi eld, MO 65804, USA (current address: Environmental Works, Inc., Springfi eld, MO 65807, USA); april@environmentalworks.com 2Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; censky@mpm.edu 3Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA; robert. powell@avila.edu EFFECTS OF CHIGGER MITE (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) INFECTIONS ON AMEIVA (SQUAMATA: TEIIDAE) FROM THE ANGUILLA BANK
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CHIGGER MITE (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) INFECTIONS ON AMEIVA (SQUAMATA: TEIIDAE) FROM THE ANGUILLA BANK","authors":"A. M. Brennan, Ellen J. Censky, R. Powell","doi":"10.17161/ch.v0i1.11932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.v0i1.11932","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Biology, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfi eld, MO 65804, USA (current address: Environmental Works, Inc., Springfi eld, MO 65807, USA); april@environmentalworks.com 2Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; censky@mpm.edu 3Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA; robert. powell@avila.edu EFFECTS OF CHIGGER MITE (ACARI: TROMBICULIDAE) INFECTIONS ON AMEIVA (SQUAMATA: TEIIDAE) FROM THE ANGUILLA BANK","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122371990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION Basic data on habitat, behavior, and reproduction are lacking for most Neotropical frog species and even higher taxonomic groups (Crump 1974; Haddad and Prado 2005), particularly for those restricted to the Atlantic Forest. Basic reproductive features are the basis of comparative studies on evolution of major natural history features (Harvey and Pagel 1998), such as the interspecifi c relationship between body size and egg number/ size (Salthe and Duellman 1973, Crump 1974, Stearns 1992). Here, we present data on habitat, reproductive behavior and quantitative parameters such as adult sizes, egg numbers/sizes of ten sympatric frogs of an altitudinal Atlantic Forest site in Southeastern Brazil.
大多数新热带蛙种和更高的分类类群缺乏栖息地、行为和繁殖的基本数据(Crump 1974;哈达德和普拉多2005)，特别是那些仅限于大西洋森林的人。基本生殖特征是主要自然历史特征进化比较研究的基础(Harvey and Pagel 1998)，例如体型和卵数/大小之间的种间关系(Salthe and Duellman 1973, Crump 1974, Stearns 1992)。在这里，我们提供了巴西东南部大西洋森林的栖息地、繁殖行为和定量参数的数据，如成虫大小、卵数/大小。
{"title":"REPRODUCTION AND HABITAT OF TEN BRAZILIAN FROGS (ANURA)","authors":"A. Giaretta, K. Facure","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11942","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Basic data on habitat, behavior, and reproduction are lacking for most Neotropical frog species and even higher taxonomic groups (Crump 1974; Haddad and Prado 2005), particularly for those restricted to the Atlantic Forest. Basic reproductive features are the basis of comparative studies on evolution of major natural history features (Harvey and Pagel 1998), such as the interspecifi c relationship between body size and egg number/ size (Salthe and Duellman 1973, Crump 1974, Stearns 1992). Here, we present data on habitat, reproductive behavior and quantitative parameters such as adult sizes, egg numbers/sizes of ten sympatric frogs of an altitudinal Atlantic Forest site in Southeastern Brazil.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127467776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996-0900, e-mail: anaconda@prodigy.net 2 Departamento de Biologia de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Venezuela 3 Current Address: Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Somerset Community College, 808 Monticello Street, Somerset, KY 42501, e-mail: jesus@anacondas.org WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF A SNAKE?
{"title":"WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF A SNAKE","authors":"J. Rivas, Rafeal E. Ascanio, M. D. C. Munoz","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11941","url":null,"abstract":"1 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996-0900, e-mail: anaconda@prodigy.net 2 Departamento de Biologia de Organismos, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Valle de Sartenejas, Baruta, Venezuela 3 Current Address: Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Somerset Community College, 808 Monticello Street, Somerset, KY 42501, e-mail: jesus@anacondas.org WHAT IS THE LENGTH OF A SNAKE?","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116541763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
INTRODUCTION Among frogs, acoustic signals are related to female attraction, territorial demarcation, and predator avoidance (Gerhardt and Huber 2002). The advertisement, courtship, territorial, encounter, reciprocation, release and distress calls are main kinds of anuran vocalizations (Duellman and Trueb 1994; Gerhardt and Huber 2002). Besides advertisement call, some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group (sensu Heyer 1979, 2005) present reciprocation, release and distress calls (Heyer 1979; Hödl and Gollmann 1986; Hero and Galatti 1990; Kaiser 1994; Davis et al. 2000; Heyer and Thompson 2000; Heyer 2005; Toledo et al. 2005). The vocal repertory of L. labyrinthicus includes advertisement, courtship, distress, and territorial calls (Márquez et al. 1995; Toledo et al. 2005; Zina and Haddad 2005). Males of L. syphax produce advertisement and aggressive calls and non-vocal clicks (Cardoso and Heyer 1995). Herein we report and describe for the fi rst time a reciprocation call in L. syphax and show that its advertiseABSTRACT: Among frogs, vocalizations play important roles in their social interactions. Herein we describe fi ve new types of vocalizations for two foam-nesting species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus group, L. syphax and L. labyrinthicus. Behavioral observations and recordings were done in four localities within the Cerrado biome, at southeast and central Brazil. Before emitting advertisement calls, males of L. syphax often started producing a sequence of notes, which gradually turned into the advertisement call. These different notes may be an introductory call, which would serve to prepare the vocal structures for the emission of the high-frequency/amplitude advertisement calls. A male of L. syphax was emitting advertisement calls when a female approached and started to emit brief and low-amplitude calls; these vocalizations probably are reciprocation calls. Males of L. labyrinthicus involved in agonistic interactions can emit vocal cracks (encounter call) and deep rough sounds (territorial calls). Five courting males of L. labyrinthicus released screams with their mouth slightly opened in response to the approach of human observers. We conclude that these screams do not represent distress or territorial calls.
在青蛙中，声音信号与雌性吸引、领土划分和捕食者躲避有关(Gerhardt and Huber 2002)。广告、求偶、领地、相遇、回报、释放和求救呼叫是鸟类发声的主要类型(Duellman and Trueb 1994;Gerhardt and Huber 2002)。除广告叫声外，某些种类的Leptodactylus L. pentadactylus群(sensu Heyer 1979, 2005)还存在应答、释放和求救叫声(Heyer 1979;Hödl and Gollmann 1986;Hero and Galatti 1990;凯泽1994;Davis et al. 2000;Heyer和Thompson 2000;嘿,2005;Toledo et al. 2005)。迷路乳鼠的声音包括广告、求偶、求救和领土呼叫(Márquez et al. 1995;Toledo等人，2005;吉娜和哈达德，2005)。雄性白蛉会发出广告和攻击性的叫声和非声音的咔嗒声(Cardoso and Heyer 1995)。摘要:鸣叫在蛙类的社会交往中起着重要的作用。本文描述了两种泡沫筑巢的Leptodactylus群，L. syphax和L.迷路的五种新的发声方式。在巴西东南部和中部塞拉多生物群系的四个地点进行了行为观察和记录。在发出广告叫声之前，雄性白蛉通常会开始发出一系列的音符，这些音符逐渐变成广告叫声。这些不同的音符可能是一种介绍性的叫声，它将为发射高频/振幅广告叫声的声音结构做准备。当雌蜂接近雌蜂时，雌蜂开始发出短而低振幅的鸣叫声;这些声音可能是相互呼唤。参与竞争相互作用的雄迷路蝽可以发出声音裂缝(遭遇呼叫)和低沉粗糙的声音(领土呼叫)。5只求偶的雄性迷路蝽对人类观察者的接近发出了微张的尖叫声。我们的结论是，这些尖叫并不代表痛苦或领土呼叫。
{"title":"VOCAL REPERTORY OF TWO SPECIES OF THE LEPTODACTYLUS PENTADACTYLUS GROUP (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE)","authors":"W. R. Silva, A. Giaretta, K. Facure","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11940","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Among frogs, acoustic signals are related to female attraction, territorial demarcation, and predator avoidance (Gerhardt and Huber 2002). The advertisement, courtship, territorial, encounter, reciprocation, release and distress calls are main kinds of anuran vocalizations (Duellman and Trueb 1994; Gerhardt and Huber 2002). Besides advertisement call, some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group (sensu Heyer 1979, 2005) present reciprocation, release and distress calls (Heyer 1979; Hödl and Gollmann 1986; Hero and Galatti 1990; Kaiser 1994; Davis et al. 2000; Heyer and Thompson 2000; Heyer 2005; Toledo et al. 2005). The vocal repertory of L. labyrinthicus includes advertisement, courtship, distress, and territorial calls (Márquez et al. 1995; Toledo et al. 2005; Zina and Haddad 2005). Males of L. syphax produce advertisement and aggressive calls and non-vocal clicks (Cardoso and Heyer 1995). Herein we report and describe for the fi rst time a reciprocation call in L. syphax and show that its advertiseABSTRACT: Among frogs, vocalizations play important roles in their social interactions. Herein we describe fi ve new types of vocalizations for two foam-nesting species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus group, L. syphax and L. labyrinthicus. Behavioral observations and recordings were done in four localities within the Cerrado biome, at southeast and central Brazil. Before emitting advertisement calls, males of L. syphax often started producing a sequence of notes, which gradually turned into the advertisement call. These different notes may be an introductory call, which would serve to prepare the vocal structures for the emission of the high-frequency/amplitude advertisement calls. A male of L. syphax was emitting advertisement calls when a female approached and started to emit brief and low-amplitude calls; these vocalizations probably are reciprocation calls. Males of L. labyrinthicus involved in agonistic interactions can emit vocal cracks (encounter call) and deep rough sounds (territorial calls). Five courting males of L. labyrinthicus released screams with their mouth slightly opened in response to the approach of human observers. We conclude that these screams do not represent distress or territorial calls.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115830437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES:: STASIS SHMASIS - WHAT SALAMANDERS WERE REALLY DOING IN THE YULE LOG","authors":"J. Bernardo","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115592266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on the Reproductive Biology of the Alabama Red Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti )","authors":"Bruce D. Means","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130851370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The green salamander (Aneides aeneus) is primarily considered a rock crevice dwelling species. However, many early observations from Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia report A. aeneus taken from woody and arboreal habitats. There have been only four published records of A. aeneus using such habitats within the Blue Ridge Disjunct population of southwest North Carolina, northeast Georgia, and northwest South Carolina, and no records since 1952. Here I report two personal observations of A. aeneus using arboreal habitats in North Carolina. Additionally, I report nine observations, made by others, of A. aeneus using woody, arboreal, or otherwise non-rock-crevice habitats in North and South Carolina, including the first non-rock-crevice A. aeneus nesting record for the Blue Ridge. I also speculate that woody and arboreal habitats play a much larger role in the life-history of A. aeneus than generally thought, and that the rarity of A. aeneus is linked to the loss of American Chestnut and old-growth forests. INTRODUCTION AND METHODS The green salamander (Aneides aeneus) is distributed from central Alabama to southwestern Pennsylvania along the Appalachian Plateau (Petranka, 1998). A separate and smaller cluster of populations, the “Blue Ridge Disjunct”, occurs in the mountains of southwest North Carolina, northeast Georgia, and northwest South Carolina (Bruce, 1968; Petranka, 1998). The green salamander is the only representative of the genus Aneides, or “Climbing Salamanders”, in the eastern United States and is generally uncommon across its range due to specialized habitat requirements (Petranka, 1998). Aneides aeneus is almost exclusively observed inhabiting rock crevices of outcrops, which are located within associations of the mixed-mesophytic forest (Gordon, 1952; Corser, 1991; Petranka, 1998). However, early observations from Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia report A. aeneus breeding and foraging within woody and arboreal habitats (Gordon, 1952). Pope (1928) and Barbour (1949) report A. aeneus being taken almost exclusively from beneath the exfoliating bark of standing or fallen, yet “solid”, dead trees, mostly American Chestnut (Castanea dentata). Fowler (1947) reports A. aeneus being found under the bark of a fallen American Chestnut tree. Barbour (1949) reports one A. aeneus within the cavity of a standing dead American Chestnut and a brooding female beneath the bark of a fallen tree. Pope (1928) reports one individual within a rotted log and a brooding female within the small cavity of a prostrate limb of an Oak (Quercus spp.) tree. Welter and Barbour (1940) and Canterbury (1991) also report observations of A. aeneus beneath the loose bark of dead trees or within rotted stumps. In contrast with these widespread observations of the use of arboreal habitats and woody debris by A. aeneus in the main range populations, there are only four published records of A. aeneus individuals observed in habitats other than r
{"title":"Woody and arboreal habitats of the Green Salamander (Aneides aeneus) in the Blue Ridge Mountains","authors":"C. R. Wilson","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11967","url":null,"abstract":"The green salamander (Aneides aeneus) is primarily considered a rock crevice dwelling species. However, many early observations from Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia report A. aeneus taken from woody and arboreal habitats. There have been only four published records of A. aeneus using such habitats within the Blue Ridge Disjunct population of southwest North Carolina, northeast Georgia, and northwest South Carolina, and no records since 1952. Here I report two personal observations of A. aeneus using arboreal habitats in North Carolina. Additionally, I report nine observations, made by others, of A. aeneus using woody, arboreal, or otherwise non-rock-crevice habitats in North and South Carolina, including the first non-rock-crevice A. aeneus nesting record for the Blue Ridge. I also speculate that woody and arboreal habitats play a much larger role in the life-history of A. aeneus than generally thought, and that the rarity of A. aeneus is linked to the loss of American Chestnut and old-growth forests. INTRODUCTION AND METHODS The green salamander (Aneides aeneus) is distributed from central Alabama to southwestern Pennsylvania along the Appalachian Plateau (Petranka, 1998). A separate and smaller cluster of populations, the “Blue Ridge Disjunct”, occurs in the mountains of southwest North Carolina, northeast Georgia, and northwest South Carolina (Bruce, 1968; Petranka, 1998). The green salamander is the only representative of the genus Aneides, or “Climbing Salamanders”, in the eastern United States and is generally uncommon across its range due to specialized habitat requirements (Petranka, 1998). Aneides aeneus is almost exclusively observed inhabiting rock crevices of outcrops, which are located within associations of the mixed-mesophytic forest (Gordon, 1952; Corser, 1991; Petranka, 1998). However, early observations from Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia report A. aeneus breeding and foraging within woody and arboreal habitats (Gordon, 1952). Pope (1928) and Barbour (1949) report A. aeneus being taken almost exclusively from beneath the exfoliating bark of standing or fallen, yet “solid”, dead trees, mostly American Chestnut (Castanea dentata). Fowler (1947) reports A. aeneus being found under the bark of a fallen American Chestnut tree. Barbour (1949) reports one A. aeneus within the cavity of a standing dead American Chestnut and a brooding female beneath the bark of a fallen tree. Pope (1928) reports one individual within a rotted log and a brooding female within the small cavity of a prostrate limb of an Oak (Quercus spp.) tree. Welter and Barbour (1940) and Canterbury (1991) also report observations of A. aeneus beneath the loose bark of dead trees or within rotted stumps. In contrast with these widespread observations of the use of arboreal habitats and woody debris by A. aeneus in the main range populations, there are only four published records of A. aeneus individuals observed in habitats other than r","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131662406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Leal, J. R. Cendo-Vazquez, Rene Calderon, J. Augustine
We investigated the relationship between arboreal frogs, tank bromeliads and landscape transformation in tropical forests of southeastern Campeche, Mexico. We surveyed frogs in six distinct habitats: slash and burn agriculture, seasonally flooded forest (bajo), aquatic habitats (lagoons and small ponds), second growth upland forest, primary forest and creek habitat using both systematic and non-systematic surveys. The highest species richness of frogs was documented in primary forest and small ponds. In contrast, no frogs were recorded in second growth forest. Similarly, tank bromeliads (Aechmea bracteata) were completely absent from early successional stages and were almost twice as abundant in seasonally flooded forest as in upland forest. The vertical distribution of A. bracteata differed between forest types, and they significantly more abundant in larger diameter trees. We examined 60 tank bromeliads during the peak of the dry season to test their use as refugia by frogs. Approximately 27% of tank bromeliads sampled had arboreal frogs belonging to three species, but 9 species have been recorded as occasional users of bromeliads in the region. There were significantly more frogs on large than on medium-sized bromeliads, and frogs were more abundant on bromeliads higher on host trees, particularly those above 3 m in height. Our results suggest that the loss of tank bromeliads from drier and less structurally complex habitats created by slash and burn agriculture and selective logging results in loss of refugia for arboreal frogs in this seasonal tropical forest. We suggest that Aechmea bracteata be a keystone species in seasonal tropical forest. Ranas arbóreas, bromelias de tanque y la perturbación en selvas tropicales estacionales Resumen: Investigamos la relación entre las ranas arbóreas, las bromelias de tanque y la transformación del paisaje en la selva tropical del sureste de Campeche, México. Hicimos muestreos de ranas en seis hábitats distintos: agricultura de roza, tumba y quema, selvas inundables (bajos), hábitats acuáticos (laguna, estanque pequeño), selva perturbada, selva primaria y hábitat ribereño utilizando métodos sistemáticos y no sistemáticos. Encontramos la mayor riqueza de especies de ranas en bosque primario y en el pequeño estanque. Por el contrario, no registramos ranas en selva secundaria. De igual manera, no registramos ninguna bromelia de tanque (Aechmea bracteata) en etapas sucesionales tempranas. Hubo casi el doble de bromelias en selvas inundables que en selvas no inundables. La distribución vertical de A. bracteata cambia en diferentes tipos de selvas y son más abundantes en árboles con diámetros mayores. Examinamos 60 bromelias de tanque para probar su utilización como refugio de ranas. Durante la época mas seca 27% de las bromelias de tanque muestreadas tuvieron ranas arbóreas. En este estudio registramos tres especies de ranas en las bromelias, pero se han registrado 9 especies que usan bromelias de en la regió
研究了墨西哥坎佩切州东南部热带森林中树栖蛙、池凤梨科植物与景观变化的关系。采用系统调查和非系统调查的方法，对6种不同生境的青蛙进行了调查:刀耕火种农业、季节性淹水林(bajo)、水生生境(泻湖和小池塘)、次生林高地林、原生林和溪流生境。原生林和小池塘的蛙类物种丰富度最高。相比之下，次生林中没有记录到青蛙。同样，在演替的早期阶段，坦克凤梨属植物(Aechmea brteata)完全不存在，在季节性洪水森林中的数量几乎是高地森林的两倍。在不同林型中，苞片蒿的垂直分布存在差异，且在大径乔木中更为丰富。我们在旱季的高峰期检测了60株槽凤梨，以测试它们作为青蛙避难所的用途。大约27%的坦克凤梨树样本中有3种树栖蛙，但该地区有9种凤梨树蛙被记录为偶尔的使用者。大凤梨上的蛙类数量明显多于中等凤梨上的，而高凤梨上的蛙类数量较多，尤其是3 m以上的凤梨上。我们的研究结果表明，由于刀火农业和选择性采伐造成的干旱和结构不太复杂的栖息地造成了坦克凤梨蛙的损失，导致了这片季节性热带森林中树栖蛙的避难所的损失。我们认为，苞片aecmea brteata是热带季节性森林中的关键物种。Ranas arbóreas，凤梨树和热带雨林perturbación，热带雨林，简历:调查relación中心，las Ranas arbóreas，凤梨树和热带雨林，transformación热带雨林和热带雨林，坎佩切斯州，msamicxico。热带雨林和热带雨林分别是:农业、热带雨林和热带雨林、热带雨林和热带雨林(bajos)、hábitats acuáticos (laguna, estanque pequeño)、热带雨林和初级热带雨林分别是hábitat ribereño、estanque和热带雨林分别是sistemáticos和no sistemáticos。市长riqueza de especies de ranas en bosque primary primary en el pequeño estanque。与此相反，没有人登记，也没有人登记。无登记，无登记，无凤梨属(aecmea brteata)。Hubo说:“我的兄弟们，在森林被淹没的情况下，在森林没有被淹没的情况下。”La distribución vertical de A. bracteata cambia en different tipos de selvas y son más abundant en árboles con diámetros mayores。检查60株凤梨属植物utilización como refugio de ranas。Durante la sampoca ma seca 27% de las bromelias de tanque muestreadas tuvieron ranas arbóreas。En este estudio registramos树种de ranas En las bromelias, perse han registrado 9种树种que usan bromelias de En la región。Encontramos más ranas en las bromelias de mayor tamaño y en las que se encuentran en posiciones más altas en los árboles，特别是穷人encuentran de los 3 metro de altura。新结果表明，我们有办法利用材料材料和材料材料的材料材料和材料材料的结构材料和材料材料的结构材料和材料材料的结构材料和材料材料的结构材料和材料材料的结构材料的结构材料和材料的结构材料。凤梨柑属植物和热带热带凤梨属植物。
{"title":"Arboreal frogs, tank bromeliads and disturbed seasonal tropical forest","authors":"C. Leal, J. R. Cendo-Vazquez, Rene Calderon, J. Augustine","doi":"10.17161/ch.vi1.11966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/ch.vi1.11966","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the relationship between arboreal frogs, tank bromeliads and landscape transformation in tropical forests of southeastern Campeche, Mexico. We surveyed frogs in six distinct habitats: slash and burn agriculture, seasonally flooded forest (bajo), aquatic habitats (lagoons and small ponds), second growth upland forest, primary forest and creek habitat using both systematic and non-systematic surveys. The highest species richness of frogs was documented in primary forest and small ponds. In contrast, no frogs were recorded in second growth forest. Similarly, tank bromeliads (Aechmea bracteata) were completely absent from early successional stages and were almost twice as abundant in seasonally flooded forest as in upland forest. The vertical distribution of A. bracteata differed between forest types, and they significantly more abundant in larger diameter trees. We examined 60 tank bromeliads during the peak of the dry season to test their use as refugia by frogs. Approximately 27% of tank bromeliads sampled had arboreal frogs belonging to three species, but 9 species have been recorded as occasional users of bromeliads in the region. There were significantly more frogs on large than on medium-sized bromeliads, and frogs were more abundant on bromeliads higher on host trees, particularly those above 3 m in height. Our results suggest that the loss of tank bromeliads from drier and less structurally complex habitats created by slash and burn agriculture and selective logging results in loss of refugia for arboreal frogs in this seasonal tropical forest. We suggest that Aechmea bracteata be a keystone species in seasonal tropical forest. Ranas arbóreas, bromelias de tanque y la perturbación en selvas tropicales estacionales Resumen: Investigamos la relación entre las ranas arbóreas, las bromelias de tanque y la transformación del paisaje en la selva tropical del sureste de Campeche, México. Hicimos muestreos de ranas en seis hábitats distintos: agricultura de roza, tumba y quema, selvas inundables (bajos), hábitats acuáticos (laguna, estanque pequeño), selva perturbada, selva primaria y hábitat ribereño utilizando métodos sistemáticos y no sistemáticos. Encontramos la mayor riqueza de especies de ranas en bosque primario y en el pequeño estanque. Por el contrario, no registramos ranas en selva secundaria. De igual manera, no registramos ninguna bromelia de tanque (Aechmea bracteata) en etapas sucesionales tempranas. Hubo casi el doble de bromelias en selvas inundables que en selvas no inundables. La distribución vertical de A. bracteata cambia en diferentes tipos de selvas y son más abundantes en árboles con diámetros mayores. Examinamos 60 bromelias de tanque para probar su utilización como refugio de ranas. Durante la época mas seca 27% de las bromelias de tanque muestreadas tuvieron ranas arbóreas. En este estudio registramos tres especies de ranas en las bromelias, pero se han registrado 9 especies que usan bromelias de en la regió","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128941344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morphology of kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, is described and analyzed in the Apala- chicola region of the Florida panhandle. Populations inhabiting the eastern Apalachicola Low- lands, a distinct biotic province, are different from the surrounding populations in having fewer and wider light body crossbands, distinct ontogenetic interband lightening, unique ventral pat- terns, and the presence of non-banded (striped and patternless) individuals. We conclude that the name L. g. goini as well as the hypothesis that Apalachicola L. getula are relict populations of intergrades between L. g. getula and L. g. floridana are invalid. We believe the polymorphic eastern Apalachicola Lowlands populations are most closely related to L. g. getula, and evolved in isolation on a barrier island or the coastal strand of a peninsula during one of the many higher stands of sea in the Pleistocene.
{"title":"BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PATTERN VARIATION OF KINGSNAKES, LAMPROPELTIS GETULA, IN THE APALACHICOLA REGION OF FLORIDA","authors":"D. B. Means, K. Krysko","doi":"10.17161/CH.VI1.11959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/CH.VI1.11959","url":null,"abstract":"Morphology of kingsnakes, Lampropeltis getula, is described and analyzed in the Apala- chicola region of the Florida panhandle. Populations inhabiting the eastern Apalachicola Low- lands, a distinct biotic province, are different from the surrounding populations in having fewer and wider light body crossbands, distinct ontogenetic interband lightening, unique ventral pat- terns, and the presence of non-banded (striped and patternless) individuals. We conclude that the name L. g. goini as well as the hypothesis that Apalachicola L. getula are relict populations of intergrades between L. g. getula and L. g. floridana are invalid. We believe the polymorphic eastern Apalachicola Lowlands populations are most closely related to L. g. getula, and evolved in isolation on a barrier island or the coastal strand of a peninsula during one of the many higher stands of sea in the Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":173367,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Herpetology","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128294952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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