Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.448
Youngseok Ham, Tae-Jong Kim
Yersinia enterocolitica , which causes yersiniosis, is a bacterium that produces biofilms effectively. The inhibition of biofilm formation provides a method for preventing infections with Y. enterocolitica . In this study, the inhibitory activity of Y. enterocolitica biofilm formation was investigated in a library of 140 edible plant methanol extracts including forest products. It was identified that the biofilm formation could be inhibited by 12 extracts of plants, Agastachis Herba, Agrimoniae Herba, Diospyros kaki leaves, Elsholtziae Herba, Ginkgonis Semen, Lycopi Herba, Melonis Pedicellus, Menthae Herba, Mori Radicis Cortex, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Prunellae Spica, and Schizonepetae Spica. After changing the solvent to ethanol and water, the greatest inhibition of biofilm formation was produced by a 50% ethanol extract of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. A method to effectively prevent yersiniosis can be developed using the edible plant extracts identified in this study.
{"title":"Inhibition of Biofilm Formation in Yersinia\u0000 enterocolitica by Edible Plant Extracts Including Polygoni\u0000 Multiflori Radix","authors":"Youngseok Ham, Tae-Jong Kim","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.448","url":null,"abstract":"Yersinia enterocolitica , which causes yersiniosis, is a bacterium that produces biofilms effectively. The inhibition of biofilm formation provides a method for preventing infections with Y. enterocolitica . In this study, the inhibitory activity of Y. enterocolitica biofilm formation was investigated in a library of 140 edible plant methanol extracts including forest products. It was identified that the biofilm formation could be inhibited by 12 extracts of plants, Agastachis Herba, Agrimoniae Herba, Diospyros kaki leaves, Elsholtziae Herba, Ginkgonis Semen, Lycopi Herba, Melonis Pedicellus, Menthae Herba, Mori Radicis Cortex, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Prunellae Spica, and Schizonepetae Spica. After changing the solvent to ethanol and water, the greatest inhibition of biofilm formation was produced by a 50% ethanol extract of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. A method to effectively prevent yersiniosis can be developed using the edible plant extracts identified in this study.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47045217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.490
Hye-Ji Yoo, O. Kwon, Jeong-Wook Seo
The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis , Larix gmelinii , Abies nephrolepis , Abies koreana , Ginkgo biloba , Taxus cuspidata , Cryptomeria japonica , Cedrus deodara , Pinus koraiensis ) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10–15 μm were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.
{"title":"Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) Based Image\u0000 Segmentation of Rays in Softwoods","authors":"Hye-Ji Yoo, O. Kwon, Jeong-Wook Seo","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.490","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to verify the image segmentation ability of rays in tangential thin sections of conifers using artificial intelligence technology. The applied model was Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and softwoods (viz. Picea jezoensis , Larix gmelinii , Abies nephrolepis , Abies koreana , Ginkgo biloba , Taxus cuspidata , Cryptomeria japonica , Cedrus deodara , Pinus koraiensis ) were selected for the study. To take digital pictures, thin sections of thickness 10–15 μm were cut using a microtome, and then stained using a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% astra blue and 1% safranin. In the digital images, rays were selected as detection objects, and Computer Vision Annotation Tool was used to annotate the rays in the training images taken from the tangential sections of the woods. The performance of the Mask R-CNN applied to select rays was as high as 0.837 mean average precision and saving the time more than half of that required for Ground Truth. During the image analysis process, however, division of the rays into two or more rays occurred. This caused some errors in the measurement of the ray height. To improve the image processing algorithms, further work on combining the fragments of a ray into one ray segment, and increasing the precision of the boundary between rays and the neighboring tissues is required.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45108395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.475
K. Gwak, Chae-Hwi Yoon, Jong-Chan Kim, Jong-Hwa Kim, Young-Min Cho, I. Choi
The objective of this study was to understand the conversion characteristics of glucose and xylose using the major monosaccharide standards for lignocellulosic biomass. The acid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatment conducted using ethanol was significantly different from the acid-catalyzed process conducted in an aqueous medium. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid and furfural were produced from glucose conversion. The maximum yield of 5-HMF was 5.5%, at 200℃, when 0.5% sulfuric acid was used. The maximum yield of levulinic acid was 21.5%, at 220℃, when 1.0% sulfuric acid was used. Furfural was produced from xylose conversion and under 0.5% sulfuric acid, furfural reached the maximum yield 48.5% at 210℃. Ethyl levulinate and methyl levulinate were also formed from the glucose standard following the esterification reaction conducted under conditions of the combined conversion method, which proceeded under both ethanol-rich and water-rich conditions.
{"title":"Conversion of Glucose and Xylose to 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural,\u0000 Furfural, and Levulinic Acid Using Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment under Various\u0000 Conditions","authors":"K. Gwak, Chae-Hwi Yoon, Jong-Chan Kim, Jong-Hwa Kim, Young-Min Cho, I. Choi","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.475","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to understand the conversion characteristics of glucose and xylose using the major monosaccharide standards for lignocellulosic biomass. The acid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatment conducted using ethanol was significantly different from the acid-catalyzed process conducted in an aqueous medium. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), levulinic acid and furfural were produced from glucose conversion. The maximum yield of 5-HMF was 5.5%, at 200℃, when 0.5% sulfuric acid was used. The maximum yield of levulinic acid was 21.5%, at 220℃, when 1.0% sulfuric acid was used. Furfural was produced from xylose conversion and under 0.5% sulfuric acid, furfural reached the maximum yield 48.5% at 210℃. Ethyl levulinate and methyl levulinate were also formed from the glucose standard following the esterification reaction conducted under conditions of the combined conversion method, which proceeded under both ethanol-rich and water-rich conditions.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48567484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.414
Jiyoon Yang, Su-Yeon Lee, Hyunjeong Na, Soo-Kyeong Jang, M. Park
The Lauraceae family has commercial uses, such as in the food, pharmaceutical
樟科具有商业用途，如食品、医药
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Asthmatic Activity of Essential Oils from the\u0000 Lauraceae Family in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Stimulated NCI-H292\u0000 Cells","authors":"Jiyoon Yang, Su-Yeon Lee, Hyunjeong Na, Soo-Kyeong Jang, M. Park","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.414","url":null,"abstract":"The Lauraceae family has commercial uses, such as in the food, pharmaceutical","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.427
Min-Seong Cha, So-Jeong Yoon, Jin-Ho Kwon, H. Byeon, Han-Min Park
For effective applicability of reinforced cork, cork composites reinforced with metal, glass fiber, and carbon fiber were developed, and the effects of the reinforcing materials on the mechanical properties of cork composites were investigated. The bending moduli of elasticity (MOE) of cork composites were in the 32.7–35.9 MPa range, while the bending strength values were in the 1.62–1.73 MPa range. The strength performance decreased in the order cork-metal > cork-carbon fiber > cork-glass fiber. The bending MOEs were improved by 29%–41% compared with simple cork boards, while the bending strengths of reinforced cork were 35%–45% higher. The strength performance significantly improved following the incorporation of thin mesh materials into the middle layer of the studied cork composites. The bending strains of the cork composites were remarkably higher compared with oak wood, making them promising for applications that require bending processing, such as curved jointing. The internal bond strengths of the cork composites were 0.26–0.44 MPa, approximately 0.36–0.60 times lower compared with medium-density fiber boards.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Cork Composite Boards Reinforced with Metal,\u0000 Glass Fiber, and Carbon Fiber","authors":"Min-Seong Cha, So-Jeong Yoon, Jin-Ho Kwon, H. Byeon, Han-Min Park","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.6.427","url":null,"abstract":"For effective applicability of reinforced cork, cork composites reinforced with metal, glass fiber, and carbon fiber were developed, and the effects of the reinforcing materials on the mechanical properties of cork composites were investigated. The bending moduli of elasticity (MOE) of cork composites were in the 32.7–35.9 MPa range, while the bending strength values were in the 1.62–1.73 MPa range. The strength performance decreased in the order cork-metal > cork-carbon fiber > cork-glass fiber. The bending MOEs were improved by 29%–41% compared with simple cork boards, while the bending strengths of reinforced cork were 35%–45% higher. The strength performance significantly improved following the incorporation of thin mesh materials into the middle layer of the studied cork composites. The bending strains of the cork composites were remarkably higher compared with oak wood, making them promising for applications that require bending processing, such as curved jointing. The internal bond strengths of the cork composites were 0.26–0.44 MPa, approximately 0.36–0.60 times lower compared with medium-density fiber boards.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47383224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.353
E. Wibowo, Byung‐Dae Park, V. Causin, Dongyup Hahn
The crystalline domain of thermosetting urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins at low formaldehyde-to-urea (F/U) molar ratios (≤ 1.0) is known to be responsible for their poor performance as wood adhesives. Crystallization has been observed in 1.0 F/U UF resins during the addition reaction stage and at the end of the synthesis process (neat UF resins). The crystallinity and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the uncured neat UF resins, on the other hand, differed significantly from those of the cured neat UF resins, raising the possibility that their crystal structures were also different. This study demonstrates for the first time that the crystalline domains in 1.0 F/U UF resins generated from uncured and cured samples are identical. Despite having a lower crystallinity value, the synchrotron XRD patterns of purified neat UF resins were equivalent to the XRD patterns of cured neat UF resins. Transmission electron microscope images of the cured UF resins showed that the crystals were lamellar structures. This finding suggests that the crystal at low molar ratio UF resins are isotropic polycrystals with random orientation.
{"title":"Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Crystalline Domains in\u0000 Urea–Formaldehyde Resins at Low Molar Ratio","authors":"E. Wibowo, Byung‐Dae Park, V. Causin, Dongyup Hahn","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.353","url":null,"abstract":"The crystalline domain of thermosetting urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins at low formaldehyde-to-urea (F/U) molar ratios (≤ 1.0) is known to be responsible for their poor performance as wood adhesives. Crystallization has been observed in 1.0 F/U UF resins during the addition reaction stage and at the end of the synthesis process (neat UF resins). The crystallinity and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the uncured neat UF resins, on the other hand, differed significantly from those of the cured neat UF resins, raising the possibility that their crystal structures were also different. This study demonstrates for the first time that the crystalline domains in 1.0 F/U UF resins generated from uncured and cured samples are identical. Despite having a lower crystallinity value, the synchrotron XRD patterns of purified neat UF resins were equivalent to the XRD patterns of cured neat UF resins. Transmission electron microscope images of the cured UF resins showed that the crystals were lamellar structures. This finding suggests that the crystal at low molar ratio UF resins are isotropic polycrystals with random orientation.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48274000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.301
Sung-Wook Hwang, Hyunwoo Chung, Taekyeong Lee, Kyung-Sun Ahn, S. Pang, Jun-Sun Bang, H. Kwak, Jung-Kwon Oh, H. Yeo
The moisture and dimensional behaviors of a nail-laminated timber (NLT)–concrete slab composed of an NLT–plywood composite and topping concrete are monitored for 385 days. The slab is developed for using as flexural elements such as floors. The humidity control of wood gently introduces significant fluctuations under the ambient relative humidity into the slab, and fluctuations in the relative humidity result in dimensional changes. The equilibrium moisture content of the slab increases from 6.7% to 15.3% during the monitoring period, resulting in a width (radial) strain of 0.58%. The length (longitudinal) strain is negligible, and the height (tangential) strain is excluded from the analysis because of abstruse signal patterns generated. Concrete pouring causes a permanent increase in the width of the NLT–plywood composite. However, the width deforms because the weight of the concrete mixture loosens the nail-laminated structure, not because of the significant amount of moisture in the mixture. The dimensional stabilization effect of the nail-laminated system is demonstrated as the composite strain is lower than the total strain of lumber and plywood, which are elements constituting the nail-laminated structure.
{"title":"Monitoring of Moisture and Dimensional Behaviors of Nail-Laminated\u0000 Timber (NLT)-Concrete Slab Exposed to Outdoor Air","authors":"Sung-Wook Hwang, Hyunwoo Chung, Taekyeong Lee, Kyung-Sun Ahn, S. Pang, Jun-Sun Bang, H. Kwak, Jung-Kwon Oh, H. Yeo","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.301","url":null,"abstract":"The moisture and dimensional behaviors of a nail-laminated timber (NLT)–concrete slab composed of an NLT–plywood composite and topping concrete are monitored for 385 days. The slab is developed for using as flexural elements such as floors. The humidity control of wood gently introduces significant fluctuations under the ambient relative humidity into the slab, and fluctuations in the relative humidity result in dimensional changes. The equilibrium moisture content of the slab increases from 6.7% to 15.3% during the monitoring period, resulting in a width (radial) strain of 0.58%. The length (longitudinal) strain is negligible, and the height (tangential) strain is excluded from the analysis because of abstruse signal patterns generated. Concrete pouring causes a permanent increase in the width of the NLT–plywood composite. However, the width deforms because the weight of the concrete mixture loosens the nail-laminated structure, not because of the significant amount of moisture in the mixture. The dimensional stabilization effect of the nail-laminated system is demonstrated as the composite strain is lower than the total strain of lumber and plywood, which are elements constituting the nail-laminated structure.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70827816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.365
E. Jang
an improvement in immune that helps ABSTRACT Today, commercialized Hinoki cypress cubes are used for fragrance, humidification, and pillows in Korea. In this study, the sound absorption ability of Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ) cubes was examined. The three groups of Hinoki cypress cubes were prepared depending on their dimension (L: 9 × 9 × 9, M: 7 × 7 × 7, S: 4 × 4 × 4 mm). Their sound absorption coefficient was examined after filling 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm height in impedance tubes, respectively. Overall, the sound absorption ability depending on dimension was superior in the M group compared to the L and S groups. Also, as the filling height increased, the sound absorption capacity increased. In sum, noise reduction coefficients (NRC) of all Hinoki cypress cubes were 0.41–0.59. Thus, this research found that Hinoki cypress cubes have a sound-absorbing function.
{"title":"Investigation of Sound Absorption Ability of Hinoki Cypress\u0000 (Chamaecyparis obtusa) Cubes","authors":"E. Jang","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.365","url":null,"abstract":"an improvement in immune that helps ABSTRACT Today, commercialized Hinoki cypress cubes are used for fragrance, humidification, and pillows in Korea. In this study, the sound absorption ability of Hinoki cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ) cubes was examined. The three groups of Hinoki cypress cubes were prepared depending on their dimension (L: 9 × 9 × 9, M: 7 × 7 × 7, S: 4 × 4 × 4 mm). Their sound absorption coefficient was examined after filling 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm height in impedance tubes, respectively. Overall, the sound absorption ability depending on dimension was superior in the M group compared to the L and S groups. Also, as the filling height increased, the sound absorption capacity increased. In sum, noise reduction coefficients (NRC) of all Hinoki cypress cubes were 0.41–0.59. Thus, this research found that Hinoki cypress cubes have a sound-absorbing function.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42069711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.338
Jin-Sung Huh, Sora Lee, Dong-Soo Kim, M. Choi, Hyunmo Choi, Kyung-Ha Lee
Herein, water and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves, branches, kernels, and pericarp of Quercus gilva and subsequently analyzed for antioxidant activity and circadian rhythm regulation effects. Candidate components that may affect circadian rhythm and antioxidant activity were investigated to discover potential functional materials. Antioxidant activity was analyzed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays, showing that the hot water extract exhibited higher activity than that of the ethanol extract. In particular, the branch extract showed high antioxidant activity. By measuring total contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, the hot water branch extract showed the highest concentrations, highlighting their significant contribution to the antioxidant activity. Examination of the circadian rhythm regulation of each extract showed that the ethanol extract exhibited greater impacts on the circadian rhythm amplitude compared to the water extract. The branch ethanol extract induced circadian rhythm amplitude changes via clock gene Bmal1 expression regulation. Determination of 12 phenolic compound concentrations showed that the branch ethanol extract contained many phenolic compounds, including catechin. This suggests that these compounds affected circadian rhythm regulation. In conclusion, the hot water branch extract has potential as an natural antioxidant material, while the corresponding ethanol extract has potential as a functional material for regulating circadian rhythm.
{"title":"Antioxidative and Circadian Rhythm Regulation Effect of\u0000 Quercus gilva Extract","authors":"Jin-Sung Huh, Sora Lee, Dong-Soo Kim, M. Choi, Hyunmo Choi, Kyung-Ha Lee","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.338","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, water and ethanol extracts were obtained from the leaves, branches, kernels, and pericarp of Quercus gilva and subsequently analyzed for antioxidant activity and circadian rhythm regulation effects. Candidate components that may affect circadian rhythm and antioxidant activity were investigated to discover potential functional materials. Antioxidant activity was analyzed via 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays, showing that the hot water extract exhibited higher activity than that of the ethanol extract. In particular, the branch extract showed high antioxidant activity. By measuring total contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, the hot water branch extract showed the highest concentrations, highlighting their significant contribution to the antioxidant activity. Examination of the circadian rhythm regulation of each extract showed that the ethanol extract exhibited greater impacts on the circadian rhythm amplitude compared to the water extract. The branch ethanol extract induced circadian rhythm amplitude changes via clock gene Bmal1 expression regulation. Determination of 12 phenolic compound concentrations showed that the branch ethanol extract contained many phenolic compounds, including catechin. This suggests that these compounds affected circadian rhythm regulation. In conclusion, the hot water branch extract has potential as an natural antioxidant material, while the corresponding ethanol extract has potential as a functional material for regulating circadian rhythm.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44337918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.325
Bhupesh Jain, R. Mallya, S. Nayak, Srinivas Shenoy Heckadka, S. Prabhu, G. Mahesha, G. Sancheti
Grewia serrulata fibres were chemically treated with 3%, 6%, and 9% NaOH for the duration of 4 h. Additionally, the NaOH-treated fibres were also treated with 3 – (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (silane). Properties such as density and tensile strength of the treated fibres were compared against the untreated fibres. The highest density was obtained in the case of 9% NaOH + silane treated fibres, which was 26.47% higher than untreated fibres, implying effective removal of hemicellulose. Likewise, the highest tensile strength was also obtained in the case of 9% NaOH + silane treated fibres. The increment observed in the tensile strength of the natural fibres was related to the removal of impurities, hemicellulose, and stress-raisers as well as deposition over the fibre surface that smoothed it. These observations were further validated by estimating changes in chemical constituents due to chemical treatment along with characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.
{"title":"Influence of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Physico-Mechanical\u0000 Properties of Grewia serrulata Fibres","authors":"Bhupesh Jain, R. Mallya, S. Nayak, Srinivas Shenoy Heckadka, S. Prabhu, G. Mahesha, G. Sancheti","doi":"10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2022.50.5.325","url":null,"abstract":"Grewia serrulata fibres were chemically treated with 3%, 6%, and 9% NaOH for the duration of 4 h. Additionally, the NaOH-treated fibres were also treated with 3 – (trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (silane). Properties such as density and tensile strength of the treated fibres were compared against the untreated fibres. The highest density was obtained in the case of 9% NaOH + silane treated fibres, which was 26.47% higher than untreated fibres, implying effective removal of hemicellulose. Likewise, the highest tensile strength was also obtained in the case of 9% NaOH + silane treated fibres. The increment observed in the tensile strength of the natural fibres was related to the removal of impurities, hemicellulose, and stress-raisers as well as deposition over the fibre surface that smoothed it. These observations were further validated by estimating changes in chemical constituents due to chemical treatment along with characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49542495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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