Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.5.410
Min Ji KIM, Sang-Joon LEE, Sejong KIM, Myung Sun YANG, Dong Won SON, Chul-Ki KIM
In this study, the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree, which is the representative broad-leaved afforestation tree in Korea, were analyzed. The flame retardant performance of the Tulip tree was analyzed by analyzing combustion characteristics on a total of three test samples; flame retardant treated, both flame retardant and oil stain-treated, and untreated. Then the flame retardance grade was classified for each of them. According to the result, test samples showed the strongest flame retardance were in order of flame retardant treated (C), both flame retardant and oil stain-treated (B), and untreated (A). As a result of analyzing the total heat emission and maximum heat emission rates, which is the evaluation standard for interior materials of Korean domestic buildings, test samples with flame retardant treat or flame retardant and oil stain treat were qualified for the flame-retardant standard. Both flame retardant and oil stain-treated samples showed higher total heat release (THR) and heat release rate compared to flame retardant-treated samples as the oil causes combustion with oxygen. On the other hand, they didn’t qualify the THR in Quasi-non-combustible standards. To determine the correlation between the physical and combustion characteristics of wood, the combustion characteristics of other diffuse porous wood species, with which the Tulip tree is affiliated were analyzed, and noticed that the characteristic correlates with the density and quantity of wood. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information on the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree.
{"title":"Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) for Use as Interior Building Materials","authors":"Min Ji KIM, Sang-Joon LEE, Sejong KIM, Myung Sun YANG, Dong Won SON, Chul-Ki KIM","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.5.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.5.410","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree, which is the representative broad-leaved afforestation tree in Korea, were analyzed. The flame retardant performance of the Tulip tree was analyzed by analyzing combustion characteristics on a total of three test samples; flame retardant treated, both flame retardant and oil stain-treated, and untreated. Then the flame retardance grade was classified for each of them. According to the result, test samples showed the strongest flame retardance were in order of flame retardant treated (C), both flame retardant and oil stain-treated (B), and untreated (A). As a result of analyzing the total heat emission and maximum heat emission rates, which is the evaluation standard for interior materials of Korean domestic buildings, test samples with flame retardant treat or flame retardant and oil stain treat were qualified for the flame-retardant standard. Both flame retardant and oil stain-treated samples showed higher total heat release (THR) and heat release rate compared to flame retardant-treated samples as the oil causes combustion with oxygen. On the other hand, they didn’t qualify the THR in Quasi-non-combustible standards. To determine the correlation between the physical and combustion characteristics of wood, the combustion characteristics of other diffuse porous wood species, with which the Tulip tree is affiliated were analyzed, and noticed that the characteristic correlates with the density and quantity of wood. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information on the combustion characteristics of the Tulip tree.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.5.358
Seong-woo MYEONG, Yong Ju LEE, Do Hyun KIM, Tae-Jong KIM
The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in determining human health, rendering it a major focus of scientific investigation. Rather than eliminating all microbes, promoting the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms within the gut has been recognized as a more effective approach to improving health. Unfavorable conditions potentially alter gut microbial populations, including a reduction in microbial diversity. However, intentionally enhancing the abundance of beneficial gut microbes can restore a state of optimal health. Polysaccharides are widely acknowledged for their potential to improve the gut microbiota. This review emphasizes the findings of recent studies examining the effects of forest product-derived polysaccharides on enhancing the gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation, diabetes symptoms, and obesity. The findings of several studies reviewed in this paper strongly suggest that forest products serve as an excellent dietary source for improving the gut microbiota and potentially offer valuable dietary interventions for chronic health problems, such as inflammation, diabetes, and obesity.
{"title":"Improvement of Inflammation, Diabetes, and Obesity by Forest Product-Derived Polysaccharides through the Human Intestinal Microbiota","authors":"Seong-woo MYEONG, Yong Ju LEE, Do Hyun KIM, Tae-Jong KIM","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.5.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.5.358","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in determining human health, rendering it a major focus of scientific investigation. Rather than eliminating all microbes, promoting the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms within the gut has been recognized as a more effective approach to improving health. Unfavorable conditions potentially alter gut microbial populations, including a reduction in microbial diversity. However, intentionally enhancing the abundance of beneficial gut microbes can restore a state of optimal health. Polysaccharides are widely acknowledged for their potential to improve the gut microbiota. This review emphasizes the findings of recent studies examining the effects of forest product-derived polysaccharides on enhancing the gut microbiota and alleviating inflammation, diabetes symptoms, and obesity. The findings of several studies reviewed in this paper strongly suggest that forest products serve as an excellent dietary source for improving the gut microbiota and potentially offer valuable dietary interventions for chronic health problems, such as inflammation, diabetes, and obesity.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.270
Dongmin Lee, Tae-Jong Kim
Lower termites need symbiotic microbes for cellulose digestion. Elizabethkingia miricola strain BM10 has been proposed as a symbiotic microbe that assists in low-temperature digestion and metabolism of Reticulitermes speratus KMT1, a termite on Bukhan Mountain, Seoul, Korea. In E. miricola strain BM10, β -glucosidase genes expressed at 10℃ were identified, and the psychrophilic enzymatic characteristic was confirmed by heterogeneously expressed proteins. Crude β -glucosidase in the culture broth of E. miricola strain BM10 showed specific enzymatic properties, and its substrate affinity was 4.69 times higher than that of Cellic CTec2. Among the genes proposed as β -glucosidase, two genes, bglB_1 and bglA_2 , whose gene expression was more than doubled at 10℃ than at 30℃, were identified. They were heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli and identified as psychrophilic enzymes with an optimal reaction temperature of about 20℃–25℃. In this study, E. miricola strain BM10, a symbiotic bacterium of lower termites, produced psychrophilic β -glucosidases that contribute to the spread of the low-temperature habitat of a lower termite, R. speratus KMT1.
{"title":"Characterization of Low-Temperature Enzymatic Reactions through\u0000 Heterologous Expression and Functional Analysis of Two Beta-Glucosidases from\u0000 the Termite Symbiotic Bacterium Elizabethkingia miricola Strain\u0000 BM10","authors":"Dongmin Lee, Tae-Jong Kim","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.270","url":null,"abstract":"Lower termites need symbiotic microbes for cellulose digestion. Elizabethkingia miricola strain BM10 has been proposed as a symbiotic microbe that assists in low-temperature digestion and metabolism of Reticulitermes speratus KMT1, a termite on Bukhan Mountain, Seoul, Korea. In E. miricola strain BM10, β -glucosidase genes expressed at 10℃ were identified, and the psychrophilic enzymatic characteristic was confirmed by heterogeneously expressed proteins. Crude β -glucosidase in the culture broth of E. miricola strain BM10 showed specific enzymatic properties, and its substrate affinity was 4.69 times higher than that of Cellic CTec2. Among the genes proposed as β -glucosidase, two genes, bglB_1 and bglA_2 , whose gene expression was more than doubled at 10℃ than at 30℃, were identified. They were heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli and identified as psychrophilic enzymes with an optimal reaction temperature of about 20℃–25℃. In this study, E. miricola strain BM10, a symbiotic bacterium of lower termites, produced psychrophilic β -glucosidases that contribute to the spread of the low-temperature habitat of a lower termite, R. speratus KMT1.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.239
Danqiao Song, Keon-Ho Kim
In this study, bending and compression strength tests were performed to investigate effect of composition of layer layout of Larix cross-laminated timber (CLT) on mechanical properties. The Larix CLT consists of five laminae, and specimens were classified into four types according to grade and composition of layer. The layer’s layout were composited as follows 1) cross-laminating layers in major and minor direction (Type A), and 2) cross-laminating external layer in major direction and internal layer applied grade of layer in minor direction (Type B). E12 and E16 were used as grades of lamina for major direction layer of Type A and external layer of Type B according to KS F 3020. In results of the bending test of CLT using same grade layer according to layer composition, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Type B was higher than Type A. In case of prediction of bending MOE of Larix CLT, the experimental MOE was higher than 1.00 to 1.09 times for Shear analogy method and 1.14 to 1.25 times for Gamma method. Therefore, it is recommended to predict the bending MOE for Larix CLT by shear analogy method. Compression strength of CLT in accordance with layer composition was measured to be 2% and 9% higher for Type A using E12 and E16 layers than Type B, respectively. In failure mode of Type A, progress direction of failure generated under compression load was confirmed to transfer from major layer to minor layer by rolling shear or bonding line failure due to the middle lamina in major direction.
通过弯曲和抗压强度试验，研究了落叶松交叉层合材(CLT)的层位组成对其力学性能的影响。落叶松CLT由5层组成，根据层的等级和组成将标本分为4种类型。层的布置复合如下:1)主、副方向交叉层(A型)，2)主方向交叉层外层，内层应用副方向层级(B型)。A型主方向层和B型外层的层级采用E12和E16，按照KS F 3020的要求。在按层组成采用同一等级层的CLT弯曲试验结果中，B型的弹性模量(MOE)高于a型。在预测落叶松CLT弯曲MOE时，剪切类比法的实验MOE高于1.00 ~ 1.09倍，Gamma法的实验MOE高于1.14 ~ 1.25倍。因此，建议采用剪切类比法预测落叶松CLT的弯曲模量。采用E12层和E16层的A型CLT抗压强度分别比B型高2%和9%。在A型破坏模式中，在压缩载荷作用下产生的破坏进展方向被确认为主要方向上由中间层引起的滚动剪切或粘结线破坏，从主要层向次要层转移。
{"title":"Influence of Composition of Layer Layout on Bending and Compression\u0000 Strength Performance of Larix Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)","authors":"Danqiao Song, Keon-Ho Kim","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.239","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, bending and compression strength tests were performed to investigate effect of composition of layer layout of Larix cross-laminated timber (CLT) on mechanical properties. The Larix CLT consists of five laminae, and specimens were classified into four types according to grade and composition of layer. The layer’s layout were composited as follows 1) cross-laminating layers in major and minor direction (Type A), and 2) cross-laminating external layer in major direction and internal layer applied grade of layer in minor direction (Type B). E12 and E16 were used as grades of lamina for major direction layer of Type A and external layer of Type B according to KS F 3020. In results of the bending test of CLT using same grade layer according to layer composition, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Type B was higher than Type A. In case of prediction of bending MOE of Larix CLT, the experimental MOE was higher than 1.00 to 1.09 times for Shear analogy method and 1.14 to 1.25 times for Gamma method. Therefore, it is recommended to predict the bending MOE for Larix CLT by shear analogy method. Compression strength of CLT in accordance with layer composition was measured to be 2% and 9% higher for Type A using E12 and E16 layers than Type B, respectively. In failure mode of Type A, progress direction of failure generated under compression load was confirmed to transfer from major layer to minor layer by rolling shear or bonding line failure due to the middle lamina in major direction.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48270220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.283
Awan Suprianto, H. A. Oramahi, F. Diba, G. Hardiansyah, M. S. Anwari
Chemical characterization of vinegars obtained from Durian wood (Durio sp.) and their termicidal activity against Coptotermes curvignathus and antifungal activity against Schizophyllum commune were evaluated. The process of pyrolysis produced wood vinegars at three distinct temperature: 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C. To determine their effectiveness against fungal growth, the vinegars were tested using a Petri dish with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% (v/v) against S. commune. In the experiment, termicidal activities were evaluated using a no-choice test for C. curvignathus with 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, and 12.0% (v/v). The wood vinegar exhibited antitermitic activity to C. curvignathus workers in the no-choice experiment; For vinegar produced at 450°C, a 6% concentration was required to achieve 100% mortality against C. curvignathus. In addition, a 12% vinegar produced at 450°C resulted in the lowest mass loss of treated filter paper, which was 20.00%. Furthermore, all the wood vinegars exhibited antifungal activities against S. commune at concentration of 2.0%. The dominant chemical components of wood vinegar produced at temperature of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C were 2-methoxy-phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol, 3.5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene, and creosol.
{"title":"The Antitermitic and Antifungal Activities and Composition of Vinegar\u0000 from Durian Wood (Durio sp.)","authors":"Awan Suprianto, H. A. Oramahi, F. Diba, G. Hardiansyah, M. S. Anwari","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.283","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical characterization of vinegars obtained from Durian wood (Durio sp.) and their termicidal activity against Coptotermes curvignathus and antifungal activity against Schizophyllum commune were evaluated. The process of pyrolysis produced wood vinegars at three distinct temperature: 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C. To determine their effectiveness against fungal growth, the vinegars were tested using a Petri dish with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% (v/v) against S. commune. In the experiment, termicidal activities were evaluated using a no-choice test for C. curvignathus with 3.0%, 6.0%, 9.0%, and 12.0% (v/v). The wood vinegar exhibited antitermitic activity to C. curvignathus workers in the no-choice experiment; For vinegar produced at 450°C, a 6% concentration was required to achieve 100% mortality against C. curvignathus. In addition, a 12% vinegar produced at 450°C resulted in the lowest mass loss of treated filter paper, which was 20.00%. Furthermore, all the wood vinegars exhibited antifungal activities against S. commune at concentration of 2.0%. The dominant chemical components of wood vinegar produced at temperature of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C were 2-methoxy-phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol, 3.5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxytoluene, and creosol.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43657931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.295
I. Im, Gyu-Seong Han
.
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{"title":"Environmental Suitability for Conservation and the Risk Period for\u0000 Fungal Damage of Wooden Cultural Heritages in Korea","authors":"I. Im, Gyu-Seong Han","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.295","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43241931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.309
A. Darwis, A. Hadiyane, E. Sulistyawati, I. Sumardi
Bamboo culm is in the form of a tube/pipe, composed of internodes which are bounded by a partition/diaphragm (node). Anatomically, bamboo is composed of vascular bundles and parenchyma ground tissue. One of the constituents of vascular bundles is fibers that are grouped to form a fiber sheath. The anatomical structure of the nodes and internodes is thought to influence the strength of bamboo strips, including tensile strength. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of vascular bundles (distribution and fiber percentage) and their effects on the density and tensile strength of Gigantochloa apus bamboo strips with and without nodes. The bamboo culms were divided into three parts (outer, middle, and inner) along the radial direction. The results showed that the distribution of vascular bundles and percentage of fiber sheaths decreased significantly from the outer to the inner layer. This also had a significantly decreased density and tensile strength. Furthermore, the number of vascular bundles (in the transverse plane) was greater in the internodes than in the nodes. Anatomically, the orientation of the vascular bundles at irregular nodes is observed in the radial and tangential planes, where the direction is not only in the axial direction, but also in the radial and tangential directions. This caused the tensile strength of the G. apus bamboo strips to be lower at the nodes than at the internodes.
{"title":"Effect of Vascular Bundles and Fiber Sheaths in Nodes and Internodes\u0000 of Gigantochloa apus Bamboo Strips on Tensile\u0000 Strength","authors":"A. Darwis, A. Hadiyane, E. Sulistyawati, I. Sumardi","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.309","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo culm is in the form of a tube/pipe, composed of internodes which are bounded by a partition/diaphragm (node). Anatomically, bamboo is composed of vascular bundles and parenchyma ground tissue. One of the constituents of vascular bundles is fibers that are grouped to form a fiber sheath. The anatomical structure of the nodes and internodes is thought to influence the strength of bamboo strips, including tensile strength. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of vascular bundles (distribution and fiber percentage) and their effects on the density and tensile strength of Gigantochloa apus bamboo strips with and without nodes. The bamboo culms were divided into three parts (outer, middle, and inner) along the radial direction. The results showed that the distribution of vascular bundles and percentage of fiber sheaths decreased significantly from the outer to the inner layer. This also had a significantly decreased density and tensile strength. Furthermore, the number of vascular bundles (in the transverse plane) was greater in the internodes than in the nodes. Anatomically, the orientation of the vascular bundles at irregular nodes is observed in the radial and tangential planes, where the direction is not only in the axial direction, but also in the radial and tangential directions. This caused the tensile strength of the G. apus bamboo strips to be lower at the nodes than at the internodes.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.253
Eun-Chang Kang, Min Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Sehwi Park
Oriented strand board (OSB) distributed in Korea was collected, and its mechanical properties were investigated according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Japanese Industrial Standards, and Korean Design Standard. Ten types of OSBs were collected, including six types for walls and others for floors. The thickness swelling, moisture content, and density of each product satisfied the ISO standards. All products showed lower formaldehyde emission values than those of the SE 0 grade. The internal bonding strengths of all products, except products B, H, and I, met the ISO standards. However, products A, B, C, F, and H did not satisfy the thickness swelling standard of the load-bearing OSB for use in dry conditions. Products D and G showed heavy duty load-bearing OSB for use in humid conditions in terms of internal bonding and bending strength after boiling. In the nail head pull-through force and lateral nail resistance tests, all products met the standards. In terms of the structural bending performance (four points), the six types of OSBs for walls satisfied the standard for bending strength and modulus of elasticity. All the products for flooring met the standard for bending strength but, except for product G, the products did not meet the standard for modulus of elasticity. Although the results of this study cannot represent the performance of all imported OSBs, considering the above results, the water resistance performance of seven types of OSB products did not meet the standard, and 10 types of products did not match the labeling grades.
{"title":"Mechanical Properties of the Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Distributed\u0000 in the Korean Market","authors":"Eun-Chang Kang, Min Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Sehwi Park","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.4.253","url":null,"abstract":"Oriented strand board (OSB) distributed in Korea was collected, and its mechanical properties were investigated according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Japanese Industrial Standards, and Korean Design Standard. Ten types of OSBs were collected, including six types for walls and others for floors. The thickness swelling, moisture content, and density of each product satisfied the ISO standards. All products showed lower formaldehyde emission values than those of the SE 0 grade. The internal bonding strengths of all products, except products B, H, and I, met the ISO standards. However, products A, B, C, F, and H did not satisfy the thickness swelling standard of the load-bearing OSB for use in dry conditions. Products D and G showed heavy duty load-bearing OSB for use in humid conditions in terms of internal bonding and bending strength after boiling. In the nail head pull-through force and lateral nail resistance tests, all products met the standards. In terms of the structural bending performance (four points), the six types of OSBs for walls satisfied the standard for bending strength and modulus of elasticity. All the products for flooring met the standard for bending strength but, except for product G, the products did not meet the standard for modulus of elasticity. Although the results of this study cannot represent the performance of all imported OSBs, considering the above results, the water resistance performance of seven types of OSB products did not meet the standard, and 10 types of products did not match the labeling grades.","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42483428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.3.222
Alfia Dewi Fadwati, F. Hidayati, M. Na’iem
Eucalyptus pellita is one of the fast-growing tree species and has become predominant in Indonesian forest plantations. Meanwhile, tree breeding programs with clone development are the best way to provide greater genetic advantages. A better understanding of genetic control on growth and basic density in E. pellita is important for increasing wood productivity and quality. In this study, growth characteristics (tree height, diameter, and volume), basic density and its genetic parameters (heritability, genetic gain and genetic correlation) were determined. The number of clones tested in both trials was 50, divided into 5 blocks
{"title":"Evaluation of Genetic Parameters of Growth Characteristics and Basic\u0000 Density of Eucalyptus pellita Clones Planted at Two Different\u0000 Sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Alfia Dewi Fadwati, F. Hidayati, M. Na’iem","doi":"10.5658/wood.2023.51.3.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5658/wood.2023.51.3.222","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus pellita is one of the fast-growing tree species and has become predominant in Indonesian forest plantations. Meanwhile, tree breeding programs with clone development are the best way to provide greater genetic advantages. A better understanding of genetic control on growth and basic density in E. pellita is important for increasing wood productivity and quality. In this study, growth characteristics (tree height, diameter, and volume), basic density and its genetic parameters (heritability, genetic gain and genetic correlation) were determined. The number of clones tested in both trials was 50, divided into 5 blocks","PeriodicalId":17357,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean wood science and technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49601250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.5658/wood.2023.51.3.207
G. Pari, Lisna Efiyanti, S. Darmawan, N. Saputra, D. Hendra, Joseph Adam, Alfred Inkriwang, R. Effendi
The increasing demand for clean energy requires considerable effort to find alternative energy sources, such as briquettes. This research aims to develop a charcoal briquette with added pine resin (API) that has excellent combustion speed and distinctive aroma. Briquettes are composed of charcoal, pine resin (concentration: 0%–30%), and starch (up to 7%). They are produced in several stages, including coconut shell pyrolysis in conventional combustion, to obtain charcoal for the briquette precursor. Briquette compaction is conducted by mixing and densifying the charcoal, pine resin, and starch using a hydraulic press for 3 min. The hydraulic press has a total surface area and diameter of 57.7 cm 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively. The briquettes are dried at different temperatures, reaching 70℃ for 24 h. The study results show that the briquettes have a thickness and diameter of up to 2 and 3.5 cm, respectively; moisture of 2.18%–2.62%; ash of 11.61%–13.98%; volatile matter of 27.15%– 51.74%; and fixed carbon content of 40.24%–59.46%. The compressive strength of the briquettes is 186–540 kg/cm 2 . Their calorific value is 5,338–6,120 kcal/kg, combusting at a high speed of 0.15–0.40 s. The methoxy naphthalene, phenol, benzopyrrole, and lauryl alcohol; ocimene, valencene, and cembrene are found in the API. The API briquette has several chemical compounds, such as musk ambrette, ocimene, sabinene, limonene, 1-(p-cumenyl) adamantane, butane, and propanal, which improve aroma, drug application, and fuel production. Accordingly, API briquettes have considerable potential as an alternative energy source and a health improvement product.
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