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Viscoelastic Simulation of Deformation-Induced Bubble Coalescence in Foaming Process 发泡过程中变形致气泡聚并的粘弹性模拟
Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.33.9
Y. Otsuki, Takashi Umeda, Ryoichi Tsunori, Masayuki Shinohara
Viscoelastic simulations of deformation-induced bubble coalescence in forming process under isothermal condition were carried out. Multi mode PTT model was used in a simplified model for deformation of Polypropylene(PP) melt between bubbles in plane strain. 2-Dimentional Lagrangian FEM was adopted in the unsteady creeping flow simulation. The numerical results demonstrates that the thinnest part between neighboring gas bubbles is easily deformable and consequently coalescence occurs. Still more, creep recovery by elastic residual stress promotes the coalescence. The strain-hardening property is very effective to the coalescence prevention. Furthermore, the relaxation time distribution of polymer melts has significant influence on the behavior. Composition of the relaxation time that is a little longer than the elongational time makes a deformed bubble unstable and causes bubbles to coalesce. The numerical simulation could explain the deference in appearances of foamed sheets made of various PP.
对等温条件下成形过程中变形诱导的气泡聚并进行了粘弹性模拟。采用多模态PTT模型建立了聚丙烯(PP)熔体在平面应变下气泡间变形的简化模型。采用二维拉格朗日有限元法进行非定常蠕变流动模拟。数值计算结果表明,相邻气泡之间最薄的部分容易变形,从而发生聚并。此外,弹性残余应力的蠕变恢复促进了聚并。应变硬化性能对防止聚结非常有效。此外,聚合物熔体的弛豫时间分布对其行为有显著影响。松弛时间比拉伸时间稍长的组成使变形气泡不稳定,并导致气泡合并。数值模拟可以解释不同PP发泡板的外观差异。
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引用次数: 2
Viscoelastic Behavior and Sensory Evaluation of Thickening Sol-Style Foods Prepared with the Use of Thickening Agents Made of Mixed Starch-Guar Gum 混合淀粉-瓜尔胶增稠剂制备的增稠型溶胶食品的粘弹性行为及感官评价
Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.33.87
Tomoko Takahashi, Aki Kawano, H. Ogoshi
Consistent thickening sol-style food samples having hardness equivalent to salad oil and plain yoghurt, respectively, were prepared with the use of thickening agents made of mixing starch and guar gum in various composition ratios. The correlation between the viscoelastic behavior of these samples and such sensory values as "ease of swallowing" was studied. An effective way of assessing the "in-mouth sensation" and "ease of swallowing" of these consistent sol-style food samples was to examine the tan δ of the dynamic viscoelasticity of the sample in the linear region, as well as the distortion dependence and, in particular, to study the torque and attenuation status of G' in the non-linear region. The "ease of swallowing" of the samples can be estimated to a certain extent from the G' and tan δ on the low frequency side.
以不同配比的瓜尔胶和淀粉为增稠剂,制备了硬度相当于色拉油和原味酸奶的稳定增稠型食品样品。研究了这些样品的粘弹性行为与“易吞咽”等感官值之间的关系。评估这些一致的溶胶式食品样品的“入口感觉”和“吞咽容易”的有效方法是检查样品在线性区域的动态粘弹性的tan δ,以及变形依赖性,特别是研究G'在非线性区域的扭矩和衰减状态。从低频侧的G′和tan δ可以在一定程度上估计样品的“易吞性”。
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引用次数: 1
小角・広角X線散乱/Hv光散乱同時測定による直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン/ゴムブレンド中での結晶化挙動の解析 通过小角度和广角X射线散射/ Hv光散射同时测量,分析直链状低密度聚乙烯/橡胶混合中的结晶行为
Pub Date : 2004-09-15 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.179
京子 林, 靖和 江島, 武史 清水, 木崎 寿美子, 滋郎 原, 勝廣 山本, 茂 岡本, 伸一 櫻井
This study concerns crystallization behavior of crystalline polymers in a phase-separated polymer blend. It might be generally considered that spherulites cannot grow bigger than phase-separated domains. However, it has been confirmed experimentally that it is possible. We found that the same phenomena for blends of LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) with a rubber polymer. In this study, effects of phase-separated domains on the spherulite growth and the crystallization behavior of LLDPE were studied. For quantitative discussion, we employed a simultaneous measurement technique of synchrotron SAXS/WAXS/Hv-SALS. It was found that the spherulites were 10~20 times lager than the phase-separated domains. It was also found that the long period of crystalline lamellae was smaller than phase-separated domains. Therefore, we suppose that the phase-separated structure has no influence on the fibril growth, which is the fundamental step of spherulites growth. Namely, the fibril growth through a channel of phase-separated crystalline domains enables the overall growth of spherulites. In the meantime, it was found that the index of degree of crystallinity in the LLDPE phase decreased slightly with the blend composition and induction periods of SAXS, WAXS, Hv-SALS in the phase-sepatared blend of LLDPE with a rubbery polymer were longer than those in a neat LLDPE. It was also suggested that nuclear growth was obstructed to some extent by the phase-separated domains. We suppose that nuclei which were not obstructed grew so that spherulites in the phase-sepatared blend sample became bigger than in a neat LLDPE sample.
本研究涉及相分离聚合物共混物中结晶聚合物的结晶行为。一般认为球晶不能长得大于相分离域。然而,实验已经证实这是可能的。我们发现LLDPE(线性低密度聚乙烯)与橡胶聚合物的共混物也有相同的现象。本文研究了相分离域对LLDPE球晶生长和结晶行为的影响。为了进行定量讨论,我们采用了同步加速器SAXS/WAXS/Hv-SALS的同时测量技术。发现球晶比相分离畴大10~20倍。晶片的长周期比相分离畴小。因此,我们认为相分离结构对球晶生长的基本步骤——原纤维生长没有影响。也就是说,原纤维通过相分离的晶域通道生长,使球晶的整体生长成为可能。与此同时,发现LLDPE相的结晶度指标随共混物组成的不同而略有下降,并且在分相LLDPE与橡胶聚合物共混物中SAXS、WAXS、Hv-SALS的诱导周期比纯LLDPE长。还表明,相分离畴在一定程度上阻碍了核的生长。我们认为,未被阻挡的核的生长使得相分离混合样品中的球晶比纯LLDPE样品中的球晶变大。
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引用次数: 2
エチレン系アイオノマーの一軸,二軸,平面伸長粘度特性 乙烯系统的单轴、双轴、平面伸展粘度特性
Pub Date : 2004-04-15 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.65
昭博 西岡, 西尾 美帆子, 辰宏 高橋, 清人 小山
The role of ion aggregates in EMAA ionomers on elongational viscosities under uniaxial, biaxial and planar was investigated. Firstly, measurement technique of biaxial and planar elongational viscosities for EMAA ionomers can be optimized due to its difficulties. After optimization, uniaxial, biaxial and planar elongational viscosities of ionomers were obtained. It was considered that effects of ion aggregates can not be appeared under uniaxial deformation in all of strain rates region. On the other hand, it was found that behavior of ion aggregates was changed under biaxial and planar deformations. It was considered that behavior of ion aggregates may be changed by two factors, deformation type and degree of strain rates.
研究了EMAA离子单体中离子聚集体对单轴、双轴和平面拉伸粘度的影响。首先,由于EMAA离聚体的双轴和平面伸长粘度测量技术存在一定的难点,因此可以对其进行优化。优化后得到了离子单体的单轴、双轴和平面拉伸粘度。认为在单轴变形条件下,在所有应变速率区域均不会出现离子聚集效应。另一方面,发现在双轴和平面变形下,离子聚集体的行为发生了变化。认为离子聚集体的行为可能受到变形类型和应变速率程度两个因素的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Influence of Surface Treatment and Crosslinking Density on the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Particle Filled Elastomers 表面处理和交联密度对颗粒填充弹性体流变学和力学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.79
Kazuyuki Shohara, K. Uotani, H. Yamane
Influence of surface treatment and crosslinking density on the rheological and mechanical properties of silicone resin filled with silica particles was investigated. Although addition of particle in the liquid silicone matrix increased the storage modulus G' and the complex viscosity |η*| especially at a low frequency region, surface treatment of particle suppressed such tendency. On the other hand, surface treatment increased the storage modulus E' and the tensile modulus E of crosslinked elastomers. Particle unfilled silicone elastomer showed an increasing storage modulus with temperature at a rubbery region behaving as an entropy elastomer and highly particle filled elastomers showed a decreasing storage modulus indicating an enthalpy elastic character. However silicone elastomers with small particle content changed their character from entropy elastic to enthalpy elastic with increasing crosslinking density.
研究了表面处理和交联密度对填充二氧化硅颗粒的硅树脂流变学和力学性能的影响。虽然在硅酮液体基体中添加颗粒会增加其存储模量G′和复合粘度|η*|,但在低频区,颗粒的表面处理抑制了这一趋势。另一方面,表面处理提高了交联弹性体的储存模量E′和拉伸模量E。颗粒未填充的硅弹性体在橡胶区表现为熵弹性体的存储模量随着温度的升高而增加,而高度颗粒填充的硅弹性体的存储模量则随着温度的升高而降低,表现为焓弹性。而小颗粒硅弹性体随着交联密度的增大,其性质由熵弹性转变为焓弹性。
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引用次数: 1
Theoretical Study of the Rheology of Soft Materials 软质材料流变学的理论研究
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.11
M. Doi
Theoretical study of the rheology of soft materials is reviewed, especially the stress diffusion coupling of gels under stress is discussed.
综述了软质材料流变学的理论研究,重点讨论了凝胶在应力作用下的应力扩散耦合。
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引用次数: 2
Studies on Dynamic Heterogeneity in Miscible Polymer Blends and Dynamics of Flexible Polymers 混相聚合物共混物动力学非均质性及柔性聚合物动力学研究
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.265
O. Urakawa
This paper presents our three studies: (1) dynamic heterogeneity in miscible polymer blends, (2) dielectric study on the dynamics of flexible polymer chains in melts and solutions, and (3) stress relaxation of entangled polymer systems in biaxial extension. In the study of (1), we investigated the segmental and global dynamics mainly in miscible polyisoprene (PI) / poly(vinyl ethylene) (PVE) blends. Specifically, we estimated the characteristic sizes of the segmental motion. Furthermore, in order to see the effect of the concentration fluctuation (CF) on the segmental dynamics, we compared the dielectric relaxation spectra of the segmental motion between PI/PVE blend and PI-PVE diblock copolymer based on the fact that the CF amplitude is suppressed in the diblock copolymer system. In the second study, dipole inverted type-A polymers are used to investigate the detailed chain dynamics. In the third study, we determined the damping function in biaxial extensional deformation for polystyrene melts and compared with Doi-Edwards theory.
本文介绍了我们的三个研究:(1)混相聚合物共混物的动力学非均质性,(2)熔体和溶液中柔性聚合物链动力学的介电研究,以及(3)缠绕聚合物体系在双轴扩展中的应力松弛。在研究(1)中,我们主要研究了聚异戊二烯(PI) /聚乙烯醇(PVE)共混物的段动力学和全局动力学。具体来说,我们估计了节段运动的特征尺寸。此外,为了观察浓度波动(CF)对节段动力学的影响,在双嵌段共聚物体系中CF振幅被抑制的情况下,我们比较了PI/PVE共混体系和PI-PVE双嵌段共聚物的节段运动的介电弛豫谱。在第二项研究中,偶极倒置a型聚合物被用来研究详细的链动力学。在第三项研究中,我们确定了聚苯乙烯熔体在双轴拉伸变形中的阻尼函数,并与Doi-Edwards理论进行了比较。
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引用次数: 11
Capillary Diameter Effects on the Apparent Viscosity of the Suspension of Clay Flocs 毛细管直径对粘土絮凝体悬浮液表观粘度的影响
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.277
K. Miyahara, S. Ooi, Katsuya Nakaishi, Motoyoshi Kobayashi, Y. Adachi
A flow model consisting of a clear annulus of the suspending layer surrounding a core of the suspension has been proposed for the flow of colloidal suspensions through a capillary tube. In the present study, on the basis of this model, we derived apparent viscosity equations by considering the effects of the slip along the wall of tube and the floc breakup due to shear stress for a coagulated region. The validity of the derived equation was confirmed as follows. For the dispersed region, the derived equation was applied to the experimental data measured by previous authors, in which the apparent viscosity of suspensions of rigid spheres decreased with decreasing capillary diameter. For the coagulated region, the equation was applied to the experimental results obtained by the measurement of apparent viscosity of a montmorillonite suspension. The apparent viscosity decreased with increasing capillary diameter in a region of low electrolyte concentration (0.3, 0.45mol/L NaCl). On the other hand, viscosity decreased with decreasing diameter in a region of high electrolyte concentration (0.8, 1.0mol/L NaCl).
对于胶体悬浮液在毛细管中的流动,提出了一种由围绕悬浮液核心的悬浮层的透明环组成的流动模型。本研究在此模型的基础上,考虑管壁滑移和凝块区域剪切应力导致的絮体破碎的影响,推导了表观黏度方程。推导出的方程的有效性被证实如下。对于分散区,将导出的方程应用于前人的实验数据,刚性球悬浮液的表观粘度随毛细管直径的减小而减小。对于凝固区,将该方程应用于蒙脱土悬浮液表观粘度的测定结果。在低电解质浓度(0.3、0.45mol/L NaCl)范围内,表观粘度随毛细管直径的增大而减小。另一方面,在高电解质浓度区域(0.8、1.0mol/L NaCl),粘度随直径的减小而减小。
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引用次数: 4
Development of New Types of ER Fluid and Their Practical Application to Care and Rehabilitation Machines 新型内窥镜液的研制及其在护理和康复机上的实际应用
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.253
A. Inoue, I. Fukawa, U. Ryu, S. Takenaka, J. Furusho
Asahi KASEI group developed two types of ER fluid and succeeded in employing them to practical applications. A homogeneous type consisting of liquid crystalline polysiloxane and a diluent was used for an intelligent brake in a caster walker which prevents a patient from stumbling. A heterogeneous (particle dispersion) type was used for a clutch in an upper limb training system with 3D movements and 3D vision. Key points for employing ER fluids in such devices with less trouble were introduced. The ER effect generation mechanisms of the homogeneous type fluids (type A and type B) were proposed.
旭化成集团开发了两种类型的ER流体,并成功地将其应用于实际。一种由液晶聚硅氧烷和稀释剂组成的均质型用于脚轮助行器中的智能制动器,其可防止患者跌倒。在具有三维运动和三维视觉的上肢训练系统中,采用非均质(粒子弥散)型离合器。介绍了在此类装置中使用内燃流体的关键问题。提出了均匀型流体(A型和B型)的内电效应产生机理。
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引用次数: 1
Rheology of Multi-Component Polymer Systems 多组分聚合物体系流变学研究
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1678/RHEOLOGY.32.235
Y. Aoki
Viscoelastic properties of several types of multi-component polymer systems were studied. For the miscible blends of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) with several (co)polymers, the time-temperature superposition principle was applicable over the entire temperature range and the relaxation behavior was similar to that of a blend consisting of homologous polymers. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/plasticizer systems exhibited a typical critical gel behavior by changing PVC concentration and temperature. For the carbon black (CB) suspensions, three different types of the rheological behavior were observed: highly nonlinear, elasto-plastic feature, sol-gel transition type behavior, and the slow relaxation due to Brownian diffusion, with the affinity of suspending medium toward the CB particles. Similarity between the behaviors of CB suspensions and ABS polymer melts is also discussed.
研究了几种多组分聚合物体系的粘弹性。对于聚(苯乙烯-共丙烯腈)(SAN)与几种(co)聚合物的共混体系,时间-温度叠加原理在整个温度范围内都适用,弛豫行为与由同源聚合物组成的共混体系相似。聚氯乙烯(PVC)/增塑剂体系通过改变PVC浓度和温度表现出典型的临界凝胶行为。对于炭黑(CB)悬浮液,观察到三种不同类型的流变行为:高度非线性,弹塑性特征,溶胶-凝胶过渡型行为以及由于悬浮介质对CB颗粒的亲和力而引起的布朗扩散缓慢弛豫。讨论了CB悬浮液与ABS聚合物熔体行为的相似性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of the Society of Rheology, Japan
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