Miyuki Higuchi, K. Kitahara, Kayoko Shimizu, K. Hirai, Takashi Matsumoto, Motoji Takahashi
{"title":"Analysis of Facial Skin Pores with a Video Microscope to Determine the Relationship between the Pore Direction and the Cutaneous Mechanical-Anisotropy: ─方向性と力学的異方性との関連─","authors":"Miyuki Higuchi, K. Kitahara, Kayoko Shimizu, K. Hirai, Takashi Matsumoto, Motoji Takahashi","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.50.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.50.321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"18 1","pages":"321-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73709358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our previous study, we characterized the quality and intensity of axillary odors in Japanese males using sensory evaluation. In order to investigate sex differences in the Japanese population, we evaluated and compared axillary odors of 169 healthy Japanese individuals of both sexes. Odor intensity of females was weaker than that of males. Additionally, odor intensity of males decreased with age, which was not observed in females. A remarkable relationship between odor intensity and earwax types was observed in males, but less frequently in females. The most common axillary odor quality in our study population was a milk-like odor （ type M ）． The percentage distribution of other odor quality types varied between sexes. Notably, females with acidic odor （ type A ） were fewer in number than males. Odor intensity tended to correlate positively with transepidermal water loss （ TEWL ） value within the group of female subjects with dry-type earwax. On the other hand, odor intensity was not related to shaving frequency or depilation treatment of axillary hair removal. These results show that the factors influencing axillary odor may differ between sexes.
{"title":"Characteristics of Axillary Odor in the Modern Japanese Female","authors":"Ayumi Kyuka, K. Maeda, Akiko Sawada, Maki Sawada, Tadashi Shimada, Takeshi Hara, Mayumi Shimizu","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.51.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.51.147","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous study, we characterized the quality and intensity of axillary odors in Japanese males using sensory evaluation. In order to investigate sex differences in the Japanese population, we evaluated and compared axillary odors of 169 healthy Japanese individuals of both sexes. Odor intensity of females was weaker than that of males. Additionally, odor intensity of males decreased with age, which was not observed in females. A remarkable relationship between odor intensity and earwax types was observed in males, but less frequently in females. The most common axillary odor quality in our study population was a milk-like odor （ type M ）． The percentage distribution of other odor quality types varied between sexes. Notably, females with acidic odor （ type A ） were fewer in number than males. Odor intensity tended to correlate positively with transepidermal water loss （ TEWL ） value within the group of female subjects with dry-type earwax. On the other hand, odor intensity was not related to shaving frequency or depilation treatment of axillary hair removal. These results show that the factors influencing axillary odor may differ between sexes.","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"61 1","pages":"147-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74483023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beautifying Efficacies of Pineapple Fruit Extract Containing Glucosylceramides","authors":"Toya Keigo, Kawashima Yoshihito, Oto Nobuaki, Nojima Jun, Ikeoka Sawako, Tanabe Mizuho, Kiso Akinori","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.50.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.50.306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"5 1","pages":"306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80388754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"化粧品における防腐処方設計の考え方 —パラベンフリー・防腐剤フリーの実現に向けて—","authors":"秀明 目片","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.51.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.51.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"27 1","pages":"2-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85779901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Coacervate of the Cationic Polymer and Surfactant on the Adhesion of Fragrance on the Hair","authors":"N. Kanei, T. Kodama, T. Harigai","doi":"10.5107/sccj.51.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/sccj.51.311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"2 1","pages":"311-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78735159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conspicuous facial pores are a skin problem. We focused on facial pores and developed software which can analyze the shape of pores. The images taken by video microscope have uneven brightness caused by inside light sources. First of all, we developed a processing method to obtain an image suited for analysis, by removing unevenness in brightness and noises such as hairs. Next, skin pores were extracted from the images obtained by the newly developed image analysis software. Subsequently the shape, the direction of major axis, and the area of each pore were calculated by an approximate ellipse drawing. Finally, we showed a scatter diagram to display the facial pore characteristics.
{"title":"Development of New Image Analysis Software for the Skin Pore Shape Obtained by Video Microscope: ─ビデオマイクロスコープ画像を解析する─","authors":"Eriko Koda, K. Yamaguchi, Motoji Takahashi","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.50.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.50.329","url":null,"abstract":"Conspicuous facial pores are a skin problem. We focused on facial pores and developed software which can analyze the shape of pores. The images taken by video microscope have uneven brightness caused by inside light sources. First of all, we developed a processing method to obtain an image suited for analysis, by removing unevenness in brightness and noises such as hairs. Next, skin pores were extracted from the images obtained by the newly developed image analysis software. Subsequently the shape, the direction of major axis, and the area of each pore were calculated by an approximate ellipse drawing. Finally, we showed a scatter diagram to display the facial pore characteristics.","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"56 1","pages":"329-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanosomes (MSs) are transferred to surrounding keratinocytes (KCs) to form melanin caps above their nuclei, where this process affects skin color. In normal KCs, MS complexes incorporated into lysosomes are degraded by lysosomal enzymes when KCs move to the skin surface through turnover. On the other hand, it has been reported that abnormal accumulation of large MS complexes in basal KCs is observed in senile lentigo. In studies on racial or skin color differences, it has been reported that MSs in KCs from light skin are more rapidly degraded than those from dark skin, and that the activity of cathepsin L2, one of the lysosomal enzymes, is higher in KCs from lightly pigmented, relative to darkly pigmented skins. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that enhancement of lysosome function as the digestive system in highly pigmented KCs could promote the digestion of MS complexes and the dispersion of melanin granules in KCs, leading to improved hyperpigmentation. As a result, we found that Angelica acutiloba root extract could be expected to improve hyperpigmentation via the mechanism of digestion of large melanosome complexes by promoting cathepsin activities.
{"title":"Angelica acutiloba Root Extract Improves Hyperpigmentation via the Mechanism of Digestion of Melanosome Complexes","authors":"A. Kiso, Haifeng Zeng, K. Maeda","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.51.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.51.134","url":null,"abstract":"Melanosomes (MSs) are transferred to surrounding keratinocytes (KCs) to form melanin caps above their nuclei, where this process affects skin color. In normal KCs, MS complexes incorporated into lysosomes are degraded by lysosomal enzymes when KCs move to the skin surface through turnover. On the other hand, it has been reported that abnormal accumulation of large MS complexes in basal KCs is observed in senile lentigo. In studies on racial or skin color differences, it has been reported that MSs in KCs from light skin are more rapidly degraded than those from dark skin, and that the activity of cathepsin L2, one of the lysosomal enzymes, is higher in KCs from lightly pigmented, relative to darkly pigmented skins. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that enhancement of lysosome function as the digestive system in highly pigmented KCs could promote the digestion of MS complexes and the dispersion of melanin granules in KCs, leading to improved hyperpigmentation. As a result, we found that Angelica acutiloba root extract could be expected to improve hyperpigmentation via the mechanism of digestion of large melanosome complexes by promoting cathepsin activities.","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"15 1","pages":"134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dyeing and fading of semi-permanent hair colors were examined using transparent human hair keratin film. Among four kinds of commercial semi-permanent hair colors, the translucent keratin film was significantly dyed with three products. The coloring was dependent on dyeing time and increasing dyeing number, and the latter was important to gain deeper dyeing. When the film was dyed by two different products and analyzed by a spectrophotometer, spectra of the average absorbance were independent of the dyeing order. Compared with the dyeing of oxidative hair color products, no significant formation of cysteic acid was found in the films dyed with semi-permanent hair colors. When the dyed films were immersed in distilled water and tap water, the fading by tap water was faster than that by distilled water. The addition of EDTA to the tap water suppressed the color fading, whereas the addition of CaCl 2 to distilled water caused the fading, indicating that metal ions will be closely related to the fading by water. The fading was also observed when the dyed films were exposed to artificial light （ 300 ─ 2500 nm ） using a solar simulator. The fading was conveniently measured and the rate of change indicated the difference between the products. These results suggest that translucent keratin film will be useful to develop damage-free, anti-washout, and less-photofading hair color products.
{"title":"Dyeing and Fading of Human Hair Translucent Keratin Film by Semi-Permanent Hair Colors","authors":"T. Fujii, Misaki Imai, Kaori Hayashi, Yumiko Ito","doi":"10.5107/sccj.51.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/sccj.51.237","url":null,"abstract":"The dyeing and fading of semi-permanent hair colors were examined using transparent human hair keratin film. Among four kinds of commercial semi-permanent hair colors, the translucent keratin film was significantly dyed with three products. The coloring was dependent on dyeing time and increasing dyeing number, and the latter was important to gain deeper dyeing. When the film was dyed by two different products and analyzed by a spectrophotometer, spectra of the average absorbance were independent of the dyeing order. Compared with the dyeing of oxidative hair color products, no significant formation of cysteic acid was found in the films dyed with semi-permanent hair colors. When the dyed films were immersed in distilled water and tap water, the fading by tap water was faster than that by distilled water. The addition of EDTA to the tap water suppressed the color fading, whereas the addition of CaCl 2 to distilled water caused the fading, indicating that metal ions will be closely related to the fading by water. The fading was also observed when the dyed films were exposed to artificial light （ 300 ─ 2500 nm ） using a solar simulator. The fading was conveniently measured and the rate of change indicated the difference between the products. These results suggest that translucent keratin film will be useful to develop damage-free, anti-washout, and less-photofading hair color products.","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"28 1","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73651150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takeshi Hisahara, K. Kasahara, Tadashi Shimada, H. Matsui
Antimicrobial agents are used in deodorants to inhibit the growth of bacteria that transform sweat and sebum secretions into odorous compounds. In this study, we examined the ability of antimicrobial agents to enhance the deodorant effects. We first assessed changes over time in residual amounts of 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol （ IPMP ） and 2,4,4 ′ -trichloro-2 ′ -hydroxydiphenyl ether （ Triclosan ） on axillary areas following the use of deodorants. The results suggested that the residual performance of Triclosan was significantly higher than that of IPMP. Second, in order to elucidate the causes of these reductions of the agents on axillary areas, we chose several factors and evaluated each contribution ratio. The results suggested that the primary factors were internal skin penetration and transition to clothes through sweat. Finally, we developed a screening meth-od to evaluate the effects of the deodorant keeper that enhanced the residual performance of antimicrobial agents on the skin. The screening revealed that the deodorant keeper required certain characteristics: high molecular weight, high hydrophobicity and high affinity with antimicrobial agents. In the case of the deodorant keeper for IPMP, the polarized sites on the structure of the ingredients led to high affinity for IPMP because the dipolar interaction was enabled.
{"title":"Formulation Development to Enhance the Residual Performance of Antimicrobial Agents on the Skin","authors":"Takeshi Hisahara, K. Kasahara, Tadashi Shimada, H. Matsui","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.51.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.51.33","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial agents are used in deodorants to inhibit the growth of bacteria that transform sweat and sebum secretions into odorous compounds. In this study, we examined the ability of antimicrobial agents to enhance the deodorant effects. We first assessed changes over time in residual amounts of 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol （ IPMP ） and 2,4,4 ′ -trichloro-2 ′ -hydroxydiphenyl ether （ Triclosan ） on axillary areas following the use of deodorants. The results suggested that the residual performance of Triclosan was significantly higher than that of IPMP. Second, in order to elucidate the causes of these reductions of the agents on axillary areas, we chose several factors and evaluated each contribution ratio. The results suggested that the primary factors were internal skin penetration and transition to clothes through sweat. Finally, we developed a screening meth-od to evaluate the effects of the deodorant keeper that enhanced the residual performance of antimicrobial agents on the skin. The screening revealed that the deodorant keeper required certain characteristics: high molecular weight, high hydrophobicity and high affinity with antimicrobial agents. In the case of the deodorant keeper for IPMP, the polarized sites on the structure of the ingredients led to high affinity for IPMP because the dipolar interaction was enabled.","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"19 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80482863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of main factors for beautiful hair for Japanese women is the smooth movement of hair strands. The motion of the beautiful hair is flexible, but those strands smoothly return to the original shape, like an elastic material. Such flexible and elastic behavior is preferred in Japan and described as Shinayaka in Japanese. We have found that the Shinayaka hair fiber has a two-layered cortex with different physical properties. The relatively softer ortho-ike cortex tends to distribute in the outer layer of the hair fiber （ near hair surface ）， while stiffer para-like cortex tends to be distributed in the inner layer （ near the center of the fiber ）． On the other hand, non-Shinayaka hair exhibits almost no difference in physical properties between the inner and outer layers of the hair fiber because of its structure or damage by a chemical treatment. In this research, we have developed a new technology to selectively soften the outer layer of the non-Shinayaka hair to realize flexible and elastic behavior through two-layered distribution of physical properties. We have found out that the elasticity of the outer layer of the hair is reduced by a treatment with succinic acid, while the elasticity of the inner layer is kept at constant value. Then, we have confirmed the hair strands become more flexible while keeping their elasticity after the treatment.
{"title":"Physical Properties of Shinayaka Hair and Fine Technology to Control Internal Hair Properties","authors":"Yukari Nishita, Mikako Ezure, Noriyuki Tanji, Takashi Mizooku, S. Nagase, Takahiro Osumi, Kazutaka Ishikawa","doi":"10.5107/SCCJ.51.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5107/SCCJ.51.126","url":null,"abstract":"One of main factors for beautiful hair for Japanese women is the smooth movement of hair strands. The motion of the beautiful hair is flexible, but those strands smoothly return to the original shape, like an elastic material. Such flexible and elastic behavior is preferred in Japan and described as Shinayaka in Japanese. We have found that the Shinayaka hair fiber has a two-layered cortex with different physical properties. The relatively softer ortho-ike cortex tends to distribute in the outer layer of the hair fiber （ near hair surface ）， while stiffer para-like cortex tends to be distributed in the inner layer （ near the center of the fiber ）． On the other hand, non-Shinayaka hair exhibits almost no difference in physical properties between the inner and outer layers of the hair fiber because of its structure or damage by a chemical treatment. In this research, we have developed a new technology to selectively soften the outer layer of the non-Shinayaka hair to realize flexible and elastic behavior through two-layered distribution of physical properties. We have found out that the elasticity of the outer layer of the hair is reduced by a treatment with succinic acid, while the elasticity of the inner layer is kept at constant value. Then, we have confirmed the hair strands become more flexible while keeping their elasticity after the treatment.","PeriodicalId":17464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the society of cosmetic chemists","volume":"1 1","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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