H. Nagare, Youhei Nomura, Kenta Nakanishi, S. Akao, T. Fujiwara
Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation system, has received attention because of its application in industry and being thought as the option to support the increased world population by increasing crop yields with less water. A highly concentrated nutrient solution is used in the system; this solution is discharged after use because the composition becomes imbalanced, and hazardous substances and pathogens may accumulate. Water quality surveys were conducted to identify the characteristics of the hydroponic effluent, which has not been previously documented. Twenty-one effluents were collected from 16 facilities in Kochi, Japan. The concentrations of nutrients varied significantly: i.e. 9.8–526 mg N/L of nitrate, and 3.0–131 mg P/L of phosphorus. Statistical analysis revealed five properties that explained the variation in the effluents. Mass balances of nutrients were evaluated in a facility raising eggplant. The efficiencies of the nutrient investment in hydroponics seemed higher than those in soil cultivation systems: 34–41 moles (478–572 mg N) of nitrogen and 1.1–5.9 moles (35–184 mg P) of phosphorus were discharged during the cultivation of 1 tonne of eggplant.
{"title":"Characterization of Effluent Water Quality from Hydroponic Cultivation System","authors":"H. Nagare, Youhei Nomura, Kenta Nakanishi, S. Akao, T. Fujiwara","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-096","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation system, has received attention because of its application in industry and being thought as the option to support the increased world population by increasing crop yields with less water. A highly concentrated nutrient solution is used in the system; this solution is discharged after use because the composition becomes imbalanced, and hazardous substances and pathogens may accumulate. Water quality surveys were conducted to identify the characteristics of the hydroponic effluent, which has not been previously documented. Twenty-one effluents were collected from 16 facilities in Kochi, Japan. The concentrations of nutrients varied significantly: i.e. 9.8–526 mg N/L of nitrate, and 3.0–131 mg P/L of phosphorus. Statistical analysis revealed five properties that explained the variation in the effluents. Mass balances of nutrients were evaluated in a facility raising eggplant. The efficiencies of the nutrient investment in hydroponics seemed higher than those in soil cultivation systems: 34–41 moles (478–572 mg N) of nitrogen and 1.1–5.9 moles (35–184 mg P) of phosphorus were discharged during the cultivation of 1 tonne of eggplant.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69266427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahendra B. Baniya, Takeshi Fujino, A. Baniya, Shivaram K.C., B. Jha
The construction of dams across rivers controls the magnitude of downstream floods and limits the suspended sediment transport into the downstream areas. We elucidated the downstream hydrological alterations compared to upstream after the construction of Kali Gandaki ‘A’ hydropower dam, Sy-angja, Nepal using continuous wavelet analysis, cross wavelet analysis and wavelet coherence. The downstream fluvial flow in winter and pre-monsoon seasons showed highest water deficit condition compared to monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The dam-induced changes in fluvial flow with de creasing amount of sediment alter the downstream flood morphological characteristics of river reach such as flood depth, wetted perimeter of river section, flow velocity, and maximum and minimum floods together with the decrease in amount of suspended sediment. The dam-induced downstream alterations directly or indirectly create stress on the aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems. The findings of this study will be useful for hydropower dam gates operation that fulfils the minimum ecological threshold.
跨江水坝的建设控制了下游洪水的规模，限制了悬沙向下游地区的运输。利用连续小波分析、交叉小波分析和小波相干分析等方法，研究了尼泊尔西昂加Kali Gandaki ' A '水电站建设后下游与上游的水文变化。与季风季节和季风后季节相比，冬季和季风前季节的下游水流表现出最高的亏水状况。随着泥沙量的减少，大坝引起的河流流量变化改变了河段下游洪水形态特征，如洪水深度、河段湿周、流速、最大和最小洪水以及悬沙量的减少。大坝引起的下游变化直接或间接地对水生和陆地生态系统造成压力。研究结果对满足最小生态阈值的水电站闸门运行具有一定的指导意义。
{"title":"Dam-Induced Alteration in Seasonal Fluvial Discharge Time Series in Kali Gandaki Hydropower Dam, Syangja, Nepal: An Application of Wavelet Analysis","authors":"Mahendra B. Baniya, Takeshi Fujino, A. Baniya, Shivaram K.C., B. Jha","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-133","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of dams across rivers controls the magnitude of downstream floods and limits the suspended sediment transport into the downstream areas. We elucidated the downstream hydrological alterations compared to upstream after the construction of Kali Gandaki ‘A’ hydropower dam, Sy-angja, Nepal using continuous wavelet analysis, cross wavelet analysis and wavelet coherence. The downstream fluvial flow in winter and pre-monsoon seasons showed highest water deficit condition compared to monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The dam-induced changes in fluvial flow with de creasing amount of sediment alter the downstream flood morphological characteristics of river reach such as flood depth, wetted perimeter of river section, flow velocity, and maximum and minimum floods together with the decrease in amount of suspended sediment. The dam-induced downstream alterations directly or indirectly create stress on the aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems. The findings of this study will be useful for hydropower dam gates operation that fulfils the minimum ecological threshold.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69269268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di-through octachlorinated naphthalenes (DiCNs, TrCNs, TeCNs, PeCNs, HxCNs, HpCNs and OcCN) in landfill leachates can be analyzed with the same cleanup procedure as dioxins. In this study, a modified method was developed by confirming the elution order of each isomer of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in a chromatogram of a gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer (GC/HRMS) using an Rh-12 ms capillary column, which is mainly employed for the analysis of dioxins. Using this method, PCNs in landfill leachate samples and treated leachate samples from each corresponding wastewater treatment process were quantified. PCN concentrations in landfill leachates ranged from 8.0–12,000 pg/L, and DiCNs-PeCNs were detected in almost all samples. Removal of PCNs by flocculation and active carbon treatment was greater than that achieved by activated sludge treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, by changing the temperature of the H2SO4 coated silica gel column in the modified method, it became possible to measure monochlorinated naphthalenes (MoCNs), which could not be measured previously. MoCN concentrations detected were much higher compared to concentrations of DiCNs-OcCN in most of landfill leachates. Unlike PCNs, MoCNs are not POPs, but they are nevertheless important for understanding the properties of landfill leachates.
{"title":"Determination of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Landfill Leachates and its Removal in Wastewater Treatment Processes","authors":"Koji Ito, H. Kameoka, J. Ono, A. Banno, Y. Yabuki","doi":"10.2965/JWET.20-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/JWET.20-135","url":null,"abstract":"Di-through octachlorinated naphthalenes (DiCNs, TrCNs, TeCNs, PeCNs, HxCNs, HpCNs and OcCN) in landfill leachates can be analyzed with the same cleanup procedure as dioxins. In this study, a modified method was developed by confirming the elution order of each isomer of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in a chromatogram of a gas chromatograph/high resolution mass spectrometer (GC/HRMS) using an Rh-12 ms capillary column, which is mainly employed for the analysis of dioxins. Using this method, PCNs in landfill leachate samples and treated leachate samples from each corresponding wastewater treatment process were quantified. PCN concentrations in landfill leachates ranged from 8.0–12,000 pg/L, and DiCNs-PeCNs were detected in almost all samples. Removal of PCNs by flocculation and active carbon treatment was greater than that achieved by activated sludge treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, by changing the temperature of the H2SO4 coated silica gel column in the modified method, it became possible to measure monochlorinated naphthalenes (MoCNs), which could not be measured previously. MoCN concentrations detected were much higher compared to concentrations of DiCNs-OcCN in most of landfill leachates. Unlike PCNs, MoCNs are not POPs, but they are nevertheless important for understanding the properties of landfill leachates.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69269281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micky Vincent, Fazidah Junaidi, L. Bilung, N. Suhaili, Awang Husaini, D. Kanakaraju
Industrial sago starch extraction from the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) generates large volumes of wastewater, known as sago effluent that is generally discharged into nearby water bodies without proper treatment. This practice has led to severe environmental pollution that prompts the development of biotechnological treatments of sago effluent. In this study, Rhizopus oligosporus was grown in sago effluent at several initial pHs (pH 4, 5, and 6) during submerged fermentation to determine the optimum pH for high protein fungal biomass (HPFB) production while simultaneously reducing the starch content and high organic loads of sago effluent. Our results showed that the growth of R. oligosporus was the highest (3.8 g/L) when the initial pH of the sago effluent was 4. The same pH also gave the best reduction of starch, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of the sago effluent following the R. oligosporus fermentations, which were 96.70%, 89.81%, and 78.30%, respectively. In addition, nitrate concentration was found to be reduced from 0.266 to 0.257 g/L, while the nitrite level dropped from 0.040 to 0.029 g/L. The present findings presented the potential of R. oligosporus for the production of HPFB as well as for treating sago effluent.
{"title":"Simultaneous Reclamation of Sago Starch Processing Effluent Water and Rhizopus oligosporus Cultivation at Different pH Conditions","authors":"Micky Vincent, Fazidah Junaidi, L. Bilung, N. Suhaili, Awang Husaini, D. Kanakaraju","doi":"10.2965/jwet.19-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-152","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial sago starch extraction from the sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) generates large volumes of wastewater, known as sago effluent that is generally discharged into nearby water bodies without proper treatment. This practice has led to severe environmental pollution that prompts the development of biotechnological treatments of sago effluent. In this study, Rhizopus oligosporus was grown in sago effluent at several initial pHs (pH 4, 5, and 6) during submerged fermentation to determine the optimum pH for high protein fungal biomass (HPFB) production while simultaneously reducing the starch content and high organic loads of sago effluent. Our results showed that the growth of R. oligosporus was the highest (3.8 g/L) when the initial pH of the sago effluent was 4. The same pH also gave the best reduction of starch, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand of the sago effluent following the R. oligosporus fermentations, which were 96.70%, 89.81%, and 78.30%, respectively. In addition, nitrate concentration was found to be reduced from 0.266 to 0.257 g/L, while the nitrite level dropped from 0.040 to 0.029 g/L. The present findings presented the potential of R. oligosporus for the production of HPFB as well as for treating sago effluent.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Okadera, K. Syutsubo, W. Yoochatchaval, Y. Ebie, R. Kubota
Urban population, it is predicted that, will reach at 5 billion by 2030 and 95% of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing countries. In addition, it is indicated that rapid urbanization brings pressures on freshwater supply and sewage treatment. Then sustainable development goal 6 shows 8 targets to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, and intends to increase proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, wastewater safely treated and bodies of water with good ambient water quality. Bangkok, which is the capital of Thailand, has 8 centralized sewage treatment plants (CSTP) designed to treat domestic wastewater of approximately a half of residents. However, water quality of some canals in the area provided with sewage works (APSW) has not been improved well, and the cause is not found out due to uncertainty of flows of domestic wastewater. Thus, this study has identified flows of domestic wastewater by an inventory approach to estimate volume of wastewater and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) discharge based on population distribution in Bangkok. As the results, it is estimated that 75% of BOD discharged in APSW does not reach CSTP.
{"title":"Water Volume- and BOD- based Flow Analysis for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using Wastewater Inventories of Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"T. Okadera, K. Syutsubo, W. Yoochatchaval, Y. Ebie, R. Kubota","doi":"10.2965/jwet.19-064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-064","url":null,"abstract":"Urban population, it is predicted that, will reach at 5 billion by 2030 and 95% of urban expansion in the next decades will take place in developing countries. In addition, it is indicated that rapid urbanization brings pressures on freshwater supply and sewage treatment. Then sustainable development goal 6 shows 8 targets to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all, and intends to increase proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, wastewater safely treated and bodies of water with good ambient water quality. Bangkok, which is the capital of Thailand, has 8 centralized sewage treatment plants (CSTP) designed to treat domestic wastewater of approximately a half of residents. However, water quality of some canals in the area provided with sewage works (APSW) has not been improved well, and the cause is not found out due to uncertainty of flows of domestic wastewater. Thus, this study has identified flows of domestic wastewater by an inventory approach to estimate volume of wastewater and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) discharge based on population distribution in Bangkok. As the results, it is estimated that 75% of BOD discharged in APSW does not reach CSTP.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2965/jwet.19-064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, Eucalyptus wandoo (EW) biochar and alum sludge and their mixture are used in batches to remove nutrients (ammonium-nitrogen (NH 3 -N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2 -N), and phosphate-phosphorus (PO 4 -P)) from synthetic stormwater. First, batch tests were conducted using biochar and alum sludge separately with varying concentration (0.5–5 mg/L); dosage (2–10 g); pH (4–9); and contact time (0–24 h). The results revealed that the EW biochar alone could remove 100% of NO 2 -N and NH 3 -N while the alum sludge alone could remove 100% of PO 4 -P. Next batch tests were carried out with the mixture of EW biochar and alum sludge of different proportions and the results revealed that the mixture of 8 g biochar and 2 g alum sludge gave the best combination for removing all nutrients (NH 3 -N = 98.2%; NO 2 -N = 99.4%; PO 4 -P = 99.8%) except NO 3 -N. The adsorption kinetics of mix-medium were studied for Intraparticle diffusion, liquid film diffusion and Lagergren pseudo first and second-order models. The nutrient adsorptions onto mix-medium show two-stage adsorption process following Intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion. The results revealed that the pseudo-second order kinetic models fitted better with high R 2 (0.98–1.00) and small normalized standard deviation, Δ q (0.00–0.62). The isotherm results revealed that the NH 3 -N adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich model while NO 2 -N and PO 4 -P adsorption followed Langmuir model better.
{"title":"Nutrients Adsorption onto Biochar and Alum Sludge for Treating Stormwater","authors":"Zahanggir Alam, A. Anwar","doi":"10.2965/jwet.19-077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-077","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Eucalyptus wandoo (EW) biochar and alum sludge and their mixture are used in batches to remove nutrients (ammonium-nitrogen (NH 3 -N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2 -N), and phosphate-phosphorus (PO 4 -P)) from synthetic stormwater. First, batch tests were conducted using biochar and alum sludge separately with varying concentration (0.5–5 mg/L); dosage (2–10 g); pH (4–9); and contact time (0–24 h). The results revealed that the EW biochar alone could remove 100% of NO 2 -N and NH 3 -N while the alum sludge alone could remove 100% of PO 4 -P. Next batch tests were carried out with the mixture of EW biochar and alum sludge of different proportions and the results revealed that the mixture of 8 g biochar and 2 g alum sludge gave the best combination for removing all nutrients (NH 3 -N = 98.2%; NO 2 -N = 99.4%; PO 4 -P = 99.8%) except NO 3 -N. The adsorption kinetics of mix-medium were studied for Intraparticle diffusion, liquid film diffusion and Lagergren pseudo first and second-order models. The nutrient adsorptions onto mix-medium show two-stage adsorption process following Intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion. The results revealed that the pseudo-second order kinetic models fitted better with high R 2 (0.98–1.00) and small normalized standard deviation, Δ q (0.00–0.62). The isotherm results revealed that the NH 3 -N adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich model while NO 2 -N and PO 4 -P adsorption followed Langmuir model better.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2965/jwet.19-077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The-anh Nguyen, N. Dao, Bing Liu, M. Terashima, H. Yasui
The authors regret that there was a mistake in the calculation process of the original paper. The values of the increased settling area ( δ ) of the lamella settler were wrongly calculated. The corrected values of δ should be 0.29 in tank B, 0.58 in tank C, 1.16 in tank D, 2.32 in tank E, and 1.16 in tanks F/G/H/I instead of the original values, which are 0.86 in tank B, 1.73 in tank C, 3.46 in tank D, 6.92 in tank E, and 3.46 in tanks F/G/H/I. The relating descriptions in Figs. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 9 and Table 2 and the main body text: Page 78, left-hand column, line 38; Page 78, right-hand column, line 5; Page 81, right-hand column, line 28; and Page 81, right-hand column, line 48 should be replaced with the corrected values of δ . The correlation table for this erratum is shown in 1 .
{"title":"Erratum to “Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on Attainable Flow Rate in a Lamella Settler by Increasing Inclined Plates” [J. Water Environ. Technol., Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 76–88, 2019]","authors":"The-anh Nguyen, N. Dao, Bing Liu, M. Terashima, H. Yasui","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-044e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-044e","url":null,"abstract":"The authors regret that there was a mistake in the calculation process of the original paper. The values of the increased settling area ( δ ) of the lamella settler were wrongly calculated. The corrected values of δ should be 0.29 in tank B, 0.58 in tank C, 1.16 in tank D, 2.32 in tank E, and 1.16 in tanks F/G/H/I instead of the original values, which are 0.86 in tank B, 1.73 in tank C, 3.46 in tank D, 6.92 in tank E, and 3.46 in tanks F/G/H/I. The relating descriptions in Figs. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 9 and Table 2 and the main body text: Page 78, left-hand column, line 38; Page 78, right-hand column, line 5; Page 81, right-hand column, line 28; and Page 81, right-hand column, line 48 should be replaced with the corrected values of δ . The correlation table for this erratum is shown in 1 .","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69264138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norfahana Abd-Talib, Chuo Sing Chuong, S. Mohd-Setapar, U. A. Asli, Khairul Faizal Pa’ee, K. Y. T. Len
Currently, there is increasing interest on low cost and commercially available materials for the adsorption of heavy metals. The vital benefits of adsorption technologies are its potential in reducing the concentration of heavy metal ions using low-cost adsorbent materials. Fruit peel wastes (FPW) are readily available in abundance. Furthermore, it has a high potential as a sustainable adsorbent due to its large quantity of lignocellulosic materials. Realizing this potential, there are many studies on various fruit peels waste adsorbents used in the removal of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions from wastewater. However, there is no comprehensive review of these adsorbents, especially on the factors that influenced the adsorption capacity. Hence, this review aims to study on the various fruit peels waste adsorbents and the factors by comparing the metal binding capacities, metal removal perfor-mances, sorbent dosage, optimum pH, temperature, initial concentration and contact time. Finally, the adsorption mechanisms were also discussed.
{"title":"Trends in Adsorption Mechanisms of Fruit Peel Adsorbents to Remove Wastewater Pollutants (Cu (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II))","authors":"Norfahana Abd-Talib, Chuo Sing Chuong, S. Mohd-Setapar, U. A. Asli, Khairul Faizal Pa’ee, K. Y. T. Len","doi":"10.2965/jwet.20-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.20-004","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is increasing interest on low cost and commercially available materials for the adsorption of heavy metals. The vital benefits of adsorption technologies are its potential in reducing the concentration of heavy metal ions using low-cost adsorbent materials. Fruit peel wastes (FPW) are readily available in abundance. Furthermore, it has a high potential as a sustainable adsorbent due to its large quantity of lignocellulosic materials. Realizing this potential, there are many studies on various fruit peels waste adsorbents used in the removal of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Cd (II) ions from wastewater. However, there is no comprehensive review of these adsorbents, especially on the factors that influenced the adsorption capacity. Hence, this review aims to study on the various fruit peels waste adsorbents and the factors by comparing the metal binding capacities, metal removal perfor-mances, sorbent dosage, optimum pH, temperature, initial concentration and contact time. Finally, the adsorption mechanisms were also discussed.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sakomoto, Yugo Takabe, T. Uemura, T. Masuda, Y. Hoshikawa
The combination of aquaculture and microalgae cultivation with aquaculture effluent is a promising strategy, being economically and ecologically sustainable. This study explored the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and unintentionally cultivated microalgae with and without CO 2 injection. The microalgae were cultivated with aquaculture effluent at the rearing temperature of coho salmon (18.5°C). In ad -dition, we conducted batch and semi-continuous cultivations with unsterilized aquaculture effluent, demonstrating the dominance of C. vulgaris . Carbon was the limiting factor for microalgal growth in the effluent, and CO 2 injection effectively enhanced the C. vulgaris growth. The highest percentage of C. vulgaris (over 99% of the total microalgal cells) was achieved by batch mode, by inoculating dif ferent amounts of C. vulgaris cells. This abundance resulted in the complete consumption of PO 4 3− in the effluent. A dominant semi-continuous cultivation of C. vulgaris , containing 82 mg/L of suspended solids, was achieved in 23 days. However, the occurrence of zooplankton grazing resulted in a sharp decrease of C. vulgaris . The cultivated C. vulgaris presented a high total content of amino acids, and the amino acid composition suggested that they could be efficiently used as protein sources for coho salmon.
{"title":"Feed Utilisation of Chlorella Vulgaris Cultivated with Aquaculture Effluent","authors":"T. Sakomoto, Yugo Takabe, T. Uemura, T. Masuda, Y. Hoshikawa","doi":"10.2965/jwet.19-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-069","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of aquaculture and microalgae cultivation with aquaculture effluent is a promising strategy, being economically and ecologically sustainable. This study explored the growth of Chlorella vulgaris and unintentionally cultivated microalgae with and without CO 2 injection. The microalgae were cultivated with aquaculture effluent at the rearing temperature of coho salmon (18.5°C). In ad -dition, we conducted batch and semi-continuous cultivations with unsterilized aquaculture effluent, demonstrating the dominance of C. vulgaris . Carbon was the limiting factor for microalgal growth in the effluent, and CO 2 injection effectively enhanced the C. vulgaris growth. The highest percentage of C. vulgaris (over 99% of the total microalgal cells) was achieved by batch mode, by inoculating dif ferent amounts of C. vulgaris cells. This abundance resulted in the complete consumption of PO 4 3− in the effluent. A dominant semi-continuous cultivation of C. vulgaris , containing 82 mg/L of suspended solids, was achieved in 23 days. However, the occurrence of zooplankton grazing resulted in a sharp decrease of C. vulgaris . The cultivated C. vulgaris presented a high total content of amino acids, and the amino acid composition suggested that they could be efficiently used as protein sources for coho salmon.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2965/jwet.19-069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69262902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magsar Amgalan, Toru Matsumoto, T. Ulaanbaatar, H. Yasui, O. Enkhtsolmon
Ogii Lake is a freshwater lake located in the eastern Arkhangai province, central Mongolia, which registered as an International Ramsar Convention site in 1998. This study sought to estimate the environmental characteristics of Ogii Lake and Orkhon Valley. The authors analyzed water samples from springs, streams, the lake, and groundwater in the summer of 2017 and 2018. A questionnaire survey was undertaken in August 2018 to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on the lake’s environment. In this paper, we present two years of water analysis results, the potential waste generation derived from livestock and tourists around the lake, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sur rounding the lake, and the surface area changes of Ogii Lake in the past decades. The physicochemical parameters of water samples were analyzed using the standard methods that are recommended by the American Public Health Association. Our study confirmed that the water quality of both Ogii Lake and Old Orkhon River was classified as clean; however, PO 43- concentrations were determined 2.7–3.4 times higher than the standard level in 2018. The observed high PO 43- concentration might have been attributable to livestock distribution around the lake in spatially and increasing discharge after summer intense precipitation in temporally.
{"title":"Changes and Causes of Environmental Characteristics of Ogii Lake and Orkhon Valley, Mongolia","authors":"Magsar Amgalan, Toru Matsumoto, T. Ulaanbaatar, H. Yasui, O. Enkhtsolmon","doi":"10.2965/jwet.19-093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-093","url":null,"abstract":"Ogii Lake is a freshwater lake located in the eastern Arkhangai province, central Mongolia, which registered as an International Ramsar Convention site in 1998. This study sought to estimate the environmental characteristics of Ogii Lake and Orkhon Valley. The authors analyzed water samples from springs, streams, the lake, and groundwater in the summer of 2017 and 2018. A questionnaire survey was undertaken in August 2018 to evaluate anthropogenic impacts on the lake’s environment. In this paper, we present two years of water analysis results, the potential waste generation derived from livestock and tourists around the lake, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sur rounding the lake, and the surface area changes of Ogii Lake in the past decades. The physicochemical parameters of water samples were analyzed using the standard methods that are recommended by the American Public Health Association. Our study confirmed that the water quality of both Ogii Lake and Old Orkhon River was classified as clean; however, PO 43- concentrations were determined 2.7–3.4 times higher than the standard level in 2018. The observed high PO 43- concentration might have been attributable to livestock distribution around the lake in spatially and increasing discharge after summer intense precipitation in temporally.","PeriodicalId":17480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Water and Environment Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69263066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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