Pub Date : 2008-07-29DOI: 10.1039/9781847558640-00206
R. Cesareo, G. Gigante, A. Castellano, M. A. Rosales, M. Aliphat, F. D. L. Fuente, J. Meitin, A. Mendoza, J. Iwanczyk, J. Pantazis
Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis is a valuable technique for the study of works of art, because it is non-destructive, multi-elemental, simple and relatively inexpensive. Further, portable EDXRF equipment (PXRF) can be easily assembled and employed in museums, churches, excavati...
{"title":"Portable systems for energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of works of art","authors":"R. Cesareo, G. Gigante, A. Castellano, M. A. Rosales, M. Aliphat, F. D. L. Fuente, J. Meitin, A. Mendoza, J. Iwanczyk, J. Pantazis","doi":"10.1039/9781847558640-00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847558640-00206","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis is a valuable technique for the study of works of art, because it is non-destructive, multi-elemental, simple and relatively inexpensive. Further, portable EDXRF equipment (PXRF) can be easily assembled and employed in museums, churches, excavati...","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"11 1","pages":"711-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74787033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The microsurface–spectral correction (MSASC) technique has been described and applied to study the assembly of safranin T on nucleic acids at pH 2.21. The formation of the electrostatic film in nucleic acids causes the aggregation of small molecules and the aggregation obeys the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The characterization of the assembly complexes was made. Results have showed that the maximal assembly number of ST is 1.62 on each phosphate in deoxyribonucleic acid and 0.84 on each phosphate in ribonucleic acid and the binding constants of the complexes are K DNA-P-ST = 2.11 × 104 and K RNA-P-ST = 1.41 × 104 L mol−1. This aggregation was applied to the quantitative detection of nucleic acids in samples with satisfactory results.
{"title":"Interaction of Spectral Probe with Biomacromolecule: Safranin T-Nucleic Acid Assembly","authors":"Hongwen Gao, Jianfu Zhao","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120025813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120025813","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The microsurface–spectral correction (MSASC) technique has been described and applied to study the assembly of safranin T on nucleic acids at pH 2.21. The formation of the electrostatic film in nucleic acids causes the aggregation of small molecules and the aggregation obeys the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The characterization of the assembly complexes was made. Results have showed that the maximal assembly number of ST is 1.62 on each phosphate in deoxyribonucleic acid and 0.84 on each phosphate in ribonucleic acid and the binding constants of the complexes are K DNA-P-ST = 2.11 × 104 and K RNA-P-ST = 1.41 × 104 L mol−1. This aggregation was applied to the quantitative detection of nucleic acids in samples with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"24 1","pages":"615 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79451759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucretia C. Dinescu, O. Culicov, O. Duliu, M. Frontasyeva, C. Oprea
Abstract An intercomparison concerning the concentrations of 23 major and trace elements in recent lacustrine sediments, as determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, has been performed by using epithermal neutrons at the Joint institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, (Russia) and thermal neutrons at the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, (Romania). Sc, La, Tb, Yb, Th, Na, Rb, Cs, Ba, As, Sb, Hf, Cr, Fe, Co, and Zn concentrations agreed within one standard deviation, Ce, Sm, Lu, Ca, Br, and Ta concentrations agreed within two standard deviation. The results were interpreted in the framework of the Upper Continental Crust model. The Factor Analysis has shown that all elements form a single cluster, irrespective of the laboratory where the analysis was performed.
{"title":"Intercomparison Between Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratories for Trace Elements Determination in Lacustrine Sediments","authors":"Lucretia C. Dinescu, O. Culicov, O. Duliu, M. Frontasyeva, C. Oprea","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120025817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120025817","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An intercomparison concerning the concentrations of 23 major and trace elements in recent lacustrine sediments, as determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, has been performed by using epithermal neutrons at the Joint institute of Nuclear Research, Dubna, (Russia) and thermal neutrons at the National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, (Romania). Sc, La, Tb, Yb, Th, Na, Rb, Cs, Ba, As, Sb, Hf, Cr, Fe, Co, and Zn concentrations agreed within one standard deviation, Ce, Sm, Lu, Ca, Br, and Ta concentrations agreed within two standard deviation. The results were interpreted in the framework of the Upper Continental Crust model. The Factor Analysis has shown that all elements form a single cluster, irrespective of the laboratory where the analysis was performed.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"12 1","pages":"665 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84316829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Álvarez, P. van Espen, Rita Rosa Plá, E. M. Montoya Rossi, Roger Arrazcaeta Delgado, Pedro Pablo Godo Torres, Miriam Celaya González
Abstract The suitability of combining Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EDX) for the classification of archaeological pottery based on their composition is illustrated with two examples of different nature and complexity: the study of Cuban aborigine pottery production and distribution and the classification of Majolica from the colonial period. The different scope and features of both techniques complement each other in achieving a more consistent and complete characterization of the composition and structure of the ceramic paste.
{"title":"Compositional Classification of Archaeological Pottery Based on INAA and SEM-EDX","authors":"R. Álvarez, P. van Espen, Rita Rosa Plá, E. M. Montoya Rossi, Roger Arrazcaeta Delgado, Pedro Pablo Godo Torres, Miriam Celaya González","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120025818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120025818","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The suitability of combining Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (SEM-EDX) for the classification of archaeological pottery based on their composition is illustrated with two examples of different nature and complexity: the study of Cuban aborigine pottery production and distribution and the classification of Majolica from the colonial period. The different scope and features of both techniques complement each other in achieving a more consistent and complete characterization of the composition and structure of the ceramic paste.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"88 1","pages":"677 - 695"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79931745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Polat, A. Gürol, N. Ekinci, Celal Çak|r, A. Baştuğ, G. Budak, A. Karabulut
Abstract EDXRF analysis has broad applications in the quantitative analysis of major and minor elements in geological, geochemical, and environmental studies, including the fields of sedimentology, stratigrapy, geochemistry, and mineral exploration. Evaluation of its potential for the analysis of major and minor elements in Bozalt and Dedemaksut ores were performed. Physical basis of used standard addition method, experimental set-up, the procedure of sample preparation and the results of analysis were presented. The correlation coefficients for each of elements analyzed (r greater than 0.986) were achieved.
{"title":"Determination of Ore Concentrates by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry","authors":"R. Polat, A. Gürol, N. Ekinci, Celal Çak|r, A. Baştuğ, G. Budak, A. Karabulut","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120017892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120017892","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract EDXRF analysis has broad applications in the quantitative analysis of major and minor elements in geological, geochemical, and environmental studies, including the fields of sedimentology, stratigrapy, geochemistry, and mineral exploration. Evaluation of its potential for the analysis of major and minor elements in Bozalt and Dedemaksut ores were performed. Physical basis of used standard addition method, experimental set-up, the procedure of sample preparation and the results of analysis were presented. The correlation coefficients for each of elements analyzed (r greater than 0.986) were achieved.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"20 1","pages":"63 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82499980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Sturaro, Dario Camuffo, P. Brimblecombe, R. Grieken, H. Busse, A. Bernardi, A. Valentino, N. Blades, K. Gysels, F. Deutsch, M. Wieser, Sandra Buczolits
Abstract Two multidisciplinary field surveys, one in winter and the other in summer, have monitored the indoor microclimate, the air pollution, the deposition and origin of the suspended particulate matter and the microorganisms of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. These surveys were part of a European project aimed at identifying potential environmental risks for conservation in museums. Experimental methodologies were refined within this study. The project underscores pros and cons of the heating ventilating and air conditioning system, proposing a more effective filtration, since the system seemed to worsen indoor pollution. The impact of mass tourism during a special exhibition was investigated, showing that even a good ventilation is unable to deal with the heat and moisture released by huge crowds. The sources of gaseous and particulate pollution were discussed. Microbiological investigations identified a considerable load of bacteria. The cleaning of paintings by brush is shown to resuspend a considerable amount of particles, which are free to deposit again on the paintings.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary Environmental Monitoring at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna","authors":"G. Sturaro, Dario Camuffo, P. Brimblecombe, R. Grieken, H. Busse, A. Bernardi, A. Valentino, N. Blades, K. Gysels, F. Deutsch, M. Wieser, Sandra Buczolits","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020262","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two multidisciplinary field surveys, one in winter and the other in summer, have monitored the indoor microclimate, the air pollution, the deposition and origin of the suspended particulate matter and the microorganisms of the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. These surveys were part of a European project aimed at identifying potential environmental risks for conservation in museums. Experimental methodologies were refined within this study. The project underscores pros and cons of the heating ventilating and air conditioning system, proposing a more effective filtration, since the system seemed to worsen indoor pollution. The impact of mass tourism during a special exhibition was investigated, showing that even a good ventilation is unable to deal with the heat and moisture released by huge crowds. The sources of gaseous and particulate pollution were discussed. Microbiological investigations identified a considerable load of bacteria. The cleaning of paintings by brush is shown to resuspend a considerable amount of particles, which are free to deposit again on the paintings.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"9 1","pages":"273 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89467965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. P. Koutzenogii, T. I. Savchenko, O. Chankina, G. A. Koval’skaya, L. Osipova, A. V. Bgatov
Abstract The results of the use of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) are demonstrated for simultaneous determination of the multielement composition of human blood, hair and placenta, animal hair, bony and muscular tissues, gallstones and some objects of a food chain (berries, iceland moss, cedar kernels, honey). Concentrations of the following elements were determined: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hg, Pb, Bi, Th, U. The technique for preparing biological samples has been developed for determining the element composition by the SRXRF method. The peculiarities of determination of the multielement composition of thin and in form of tablets samples are analyzed. It is shown that SRXRF is fairly informative for estimating the specific features of the multielement composition of biosubstrates.
{"title":"Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (SRXRF) for Measuring the Multielement Composition of Samples of Biogenic Nature","authors":"K. P. Koutzenogii, T. I. Savchenko, O. Chankina, G. A. Koval’skaya, L. Osipova, A. V. Bgatov","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020265","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of the use of synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) are demonstrated for simultaneous determination of the multielement composition of human blood, hair and placenta, animal hair, bony and muscular tissues, gallstones and some objects of a food chain (berries, iceland moss, cedar kernels, honey). Concentrations of the following elements were determined: K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hg, Pb, Bi, Th, U. The technique for preparing biological samples has been developed for determining the element composition by the SRXRF method. The peculiarities of determination of the multielement composition of thin and in form of tablets samples are analyzed. It is shown that SRXRF is fairly informative for estimating the specific features of the multielement composition of biosubstrates.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"86 1","pages":"311 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75423184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Munita, R. P. Paiva, M. A. Alves, P. S. D. de Oliveira, E. Momose
Abstract One hundred sixty three ceramic fragment samples from three archaeological sites were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine the concentration of 24 chemical elements: As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn. Bivariate plots and a multivariate statistical method, discriminant analysis, were performed on the data set. Discriminant analysis identified three compositional grouping and derived two discriminant functions that account for 100% of the variance between groups. The results show, at a confidence level of 98%, that ceramics of each separate site are statistically similar among them and it can be said that a common source of raw material was used independently in each of these sites.
{"title":"Provenance Study of Archaeological Ceramic","authors":"C. Munita, R. P. Paiva, M. A. Alves, P. S. D. de Oliveira, E. Momose","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120025819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120025819","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One hundred sixty three ceramic fragment samples from three archaeological sites were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine the concentration of 24 chemical elements: As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn. Bivariate plots and a multivariate statistical method, discriminant analysis, were performed on the data set. Discriminant analysis identified three compositional grouping and derived two discriminant functions that account for 100% of the variance between groups. The results show, at a confidence level of 98%, that ceramics of each separate site are statistically similar among them and it can be said that a common source of raw material was used independently in each of these sites.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"80 1","pages":"697 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73419465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Using a phosphate deficient population of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kützing the adaptation of the phosphate uptake system to pulsewise increases in the external phosphate concentration has been studied. The following observations have been made: 1. For an adaptation to occur, the external concentration had to be raised to micromolar levels. No adaptation was observed in the nanomolar concentration range. 2. During adaptation the uptake system was transformed within a few minutes from a more active into a less active state in which uptake behavior obeyed a linear flow-force relationship over a wide concentration range. 3. Novel adaptations were influenced in a distinct way by the outcome of previous adaptations. In consequence, adaptive alterations in kinetic and energetic properties of the phosphate uptake system, revealed during pulsewise increases in the external phosphate concentration, depend on the pattern of previous phosphate fluctuations to which the population had been exposed. This succession of adaptive events is interpreted as a primitive form of information processing about the mode of phosphate supply, performed by the growing cells. 4. Information about nutrient fluctuations experienced by the cells of a population was transferred after cell division to daughter cells. This was shown by exposing two reference cultures, originating from the same batch of phosphate deficient cyanobacteria, to the same amount of phosphate in two different supply modes. During subsequent growth these two cultures developed distinct adaptive potentials, which were maintained over several generations, even if they were further cultivated under identical conditions. This distinct adaptive potential affected significantly the phosphate storage capacity of daughter cells.
{"title":"Distinct Adaptivity During Phosphate Uptake by the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Reflects Information Processing About Preceding Phosphate Supply","authors":"R. Falkner, G. Falkner","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using a phosphate deficient population of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kützing the adaptation of the phosphate uptake system to pulsewise increases in the external phosphate concentration has been studied. The following observations have been made: 1. For an adaptation to occur, the external concentration had to be raised to micromolar levels. No adaptation was observed in the nanomolar concentration range. 2. During adaptation the uptake system was transformed within a few minutes from a more active into a less active state in which uptake behavior obeyed a linear flow-force relationship over a wide concentration range. 3. Novel adaptations were influenced in a distinct way by the outcome of previous adaptations. In consequence, adaptive alterations in kinetic and energetic properties of the phosphate uptake system, revealed during pulsewise increases in the external phosphate concentration, depend on the pattern of previous phosphate fluctuations to which the population had been exposed. This succession of adaptive events is interpreted as a primitive form of information processing about the mode of phosphate supply, performed by the growing cells. 4. Information about nutrient fluctuations experienced by the cells of a population was transferred after cell division to daughter cells. This was shown by exposing two reference cultures, originating from the same batch of phosphate deficient cyanobacteria, to the same amount of phosphate in two different supply modes. During subsequent growth these two cultures developed distinct adaptive potentials, which were maintained over several generations, even if they were further cultivated under identical conditions. This distinct adaptive potential affected significantly the phosphate storage capacity of daughter cells.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"5 1","pages":"363 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84981822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Yilmaz, Y. Z. Yilmaz, M. Ergin, A. Y. Erkol, A. Muftuoglu, B. Karakelle
Abstract A series of experiments were conducted using the soil surface samples collected from rural, urban and mostly industrial sites in the vicinity of the Gulf of Izmit. Soil samples were digested with the selected acid mixture of HCl-HNO3-HF-H3BO3 in a microwave digestion system. The experiments were aimed at investigating the total metal concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc. Metal contents in soil samples were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). From the results of analysis and comparisons among soil types, it is clearly shown that urban and industrial soils were contaminated more than rural soils. Cd was not detected in any of the soil samples. Pb enrichment in urban and industrial soils might be a result of gasoline combustion. Comparison of obtained average metal concentration levels with the world average ones indicated elevated values for Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn. The mean concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were found as 22, 33, 842, 37, and 72 mg kg−1, respectively.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Concentrations in Surface Soils of Izmit Gulf Region, Turkey","authors":"F. Yilmaz, Y. Z. Yilmaz, M. Ergin, A. Y. Erkol, A. Muftuoglu, B. Karakelle","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120023068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120023068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A series of experiments were conducted using the soil surface samples collected from rural, urban and mostly industrial sites in the vicinity of the Gulf of Izmit. Soil samples were digested with the selected acid mixture of HCl-HNO3-HF-H3BO3 in a microwave digestion system. The experiments were aimed at investigating the total metal concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc. Metal contents in soil samples were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). From the results of analysis and comparisons among soil types, it is clearly shown that urban and industrial soils were contaminated more than rural soils. Cd was not detected in any of the soil samples. Pb enrichment in urban and industrial soils might be a result of gasoline combustion. Comparison of obtained average metal concentration levels with the world average ones indicated elevated values for Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn. The mean concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn were found as 22, 33, 842, 37, and 72 mg kg−1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"25 1","pages":"523 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81997252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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