ABSTRACT Twenty mined coal samples obtained from different areas of Pakistan and six wooden coal samples obtained from local market were analyzed for toxic/trace element concentration by two analytical techniques namely atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. Seven metals, i.e., Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by AAS whereas 16 elements namely, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Rb, Tb, Th, Yb and Zn were determined by NAA in all samples. Significant concentration of toxic elements such as S, Cr, Fe and Na were observed in mined coal samples, which may pose environmental and engineering/operational problems for thermal power plants.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF MAJOR AND TRACE/TOXIC METALS IN COAL SAMPLES BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS","authors":"M. A. Rauf, M. Ikram, N. Ayub","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002463","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Twenty mined coal samples obtained from different areas of Pakistan and six wooden coal samples obtained from local market were analyzed for toxic/trace element concentration by two analytical techniques namely atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. Seven metals, i.e., Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined by AAS whereas 16 elements namely, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Rb, Tb, Th, Yb and Zn were determined by NAA in all samples. Significant concentration of toxic elements such as S, Cr, Fe and Na were observed in mined coal samples, which may pose environmental and engineering/operational problems for thermal power plants.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"14 1","pages":"103 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83353470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gammer, M. Gritsch, A. Peeva, R. Kögler, H. Hutter
ABSTRACT High-energy ion implantation in silicon leads to the formation of defects around the mean projected ion range R p. These defects are capable of collecting unwanted impurities like metal atoms. A similar effect has been observed in the depth range around half of the projected ion range, R p/2. This gettering ability around R p/2 is supposed to rely on excess vacancies, generated by the implantation process itself. SIMS is a preferential tool in the detection of gettering centres: If copper is applied at the backside of the sample and trapped in the gettering layers during annealing, enrichments of copper in certain areas can be seen in SIMS depth profiles [1]. If the R p/2-effect was caused by excess vacancies, then one attempt to remove these additional gettering centres would be to implant additional Si atoms which could recombine with the vacancies: In order to test this assumption, three Si+ implanted samples were implanted with additional Si+ ions having a projected range that corresponds to R p/2. After application of copper and annealing, the copper distribution was investigated by SIMS. Furthermore a low-energy-He+-implanted silicon wafer was examined, showing that He+ implantation not only leads to an accumulation of metals but also of oxygen in the R p and R p/2 range.
{"title":"SIMS INVESTIGATIONS OF GETTERING CENTERS IN ION-IMPLANTED AND ANNEALED SILICON","authors":"K. Gammer, M. Gritsch, A. Peeva, R. Kögler, H. Hutter","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT High-energy ion implantation in silicon leads to the formation of defects around the mean projected ion range R p. These defects are capable of collecting unwanted impurities like metal atoms. A similar effect has been observed in the depth range around half of the projected ion range, R p/2. This gettering ability around R p/2 is supposed to rely on excess vacancies, generated by the implantation process itself. SIMS is a preferential tool in the detection of gettering centres: If copper is applied at the backside of the sample and trapped in the gettering layers during annealing, enrichments of copper in certain areas can be seen in SIMS depth profiles [1]. If the R p/2-effect was caused by excess vacancies, then one attempt to remove these additional gettering centres would be to implant additional Si atoms which could recombine with the vacancies: In order to test this assumption, three Si+ implanted samples were implanted with additional Si+ ions having a projected range that corresponds to R p/2. After application of copper and annealing, the copper distribution was investigated by SIMS. Furthermore a low-energy-He+-implanted silicon wafer was examined, showing that He+ implantation not only leads to an accumulation of metals but also of oxygen in the R p and R p/2 range.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"50 1","pages":"47 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79058187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Complex adsorption waves of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) in substrate solution (pH = 9.0) of diacetyldioxime–ammonia–ammonium chloride–sodium citrate–gelatin–ascorbic acid were studied and a new method for determination of trace amounts of Cu, Cd, Ni and Co in aqueous solutions was developed. The results show that there are sensitive complex adsorption waves of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes at about −0.44, −0.76, −1.07 and −1.24 V, respectively. The method is easy to operate and able to determine Cu, Cd, Ni and Co in aqueous solutions rapidly and simultaneously, and when the signal-to-noise rates equal 3, the detection limits of copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt are 1.0 × 10−8, 1.3 × 10−8, 2.9 × 10−10 and 3.6 × 10−11 mol/dm3. Good linear relationships exist between the concentrations and the current peaks when those of copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt are within 2.0 × 10−8 ∼ 10−5, 3.0 × 10−8 ∼ 10−5, 5.4 × 10−10 ∼ 10−7 and 6.8 × 10−11 ∼ 10−8 mol/dm3, respectively. The method has been used in the rapid and simultaneous determination of these metal ions in complex zinc electrolyte solutions with satisfactory results.
{"title":"RAPID AND SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF COPPER, CADMIUM, NICKEL, AND COBALT IN ZINC ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS BY COMPLEX ADSORPTION WAVE POLAROGRAPHY","authors":"Ming-hao Zhang, Yizeng Liang","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Complex adsorption waves of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) in substrate solution (pH = 9.0) of diacetyldioxime–ammonia–ammonium chloride–sodium citrate–gelatin–ascorbic acid were studied and a new method for determination of trace amounts of Cu, Cd, Ni and Co in aqueous solutions was developed. The results show that there are sensitive complex adsorption waves of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes at about −0.44, −0.76, −1.07 and −1.24 V, respectively. The method is easy to operate and able to determine Cu, Cd, Ni and Co in aqueous solutions rapidly and simultaneously, and when the signal-to-noise rates equal 3, the detection limits of copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt are 1.0 × 10−8, 1.3 × 10−8, 2.9 × 10−10 and 3.6 × 10−11 mol/dm3. Good linear relationships exist between the concentrations and the current peaks when those of copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt are within 2.0 × 10−8 ∼ 10−5, 3.0 × 10−8 ∼ 10−5, 5.4 × 10−10 ∼ 10−7 and 6.8 × 10−11 ∼ 10−8 mol/dm3, respectively. The method has been used in the rapid and simultaneous determination of these metal ions in complex zinc electrolyte solutions with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"36 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89173227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A new, simple, sensitive and selective kinetic method is developed for the spectrophotometric determination of VV and/or VIV based on its catalytic effect on the bromate oxidative coupling reaction of 4-(methylamino)phenol (MAP) with 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THBA) in the presence of tartrate as an activator. The reagents: 6.4 mmol l−1 MAP, 2.0 mmol l−1 THBA and 160 mmol l−1 bromate were mixed in the presence of an activator-buffer solution of 10 mmol l−1 tartrate (pH = 3.10) and at 35°C. The rate of formation of the oxidative coupling product was followed at 380 and/or 570 nm for 3 min from the addition of bromate. Linear calibration graphs up to 0.75 ng ml−1 of vanadium were obtained with detection limits, based on the 3S b criterion, of 0.019 and 0.026 ng ml−1 at 380 and 570 nm, respectively. The developed method was conveniently applied to the determination of vanadium in tap and ground waters and in human plasma, serum, and urine. Moreover, the nature of the oxidative coupling product was inferred and the kinetics and mechanism of the activating effects of tartrate were elucidated.
摘要:本文建立了一种新的、简单、灵敏、选择性的动力学方法，利用VIV在酒石酸盐存在下对4-(甲氨基)苯酚(MAP)与2,3,4-三羟基苯甲酸(THBA)的溴酸盐氧化偶联反应的催化作用，测定VIV和/或VIV的含量。试剂:6.4 mmol l−1 MAP, 2.0 mmol l−1 THBA和160 mmol l−1溴酸盐，在10 mmol l−1酒石酸盐(pH = 3.10)的活化剂-缓冲溶液中，在35℃下混合。在380和/或570 nm下，添加溴酸盐3 min，观察氧化偶联产物的形成速率。根据3S b标准，在380 nm和570 nm处，钒的检出限分别为0.019和0.026 ng ml - 1，得到了0.75 ng ml - 1的线性校准图。该方法可方便地用于自来水、地下水和人血浆、血清、尿液中钒的测定。此外，还对氧化偶联产物的性质进行了推断，阐明了酒石酸盐活化作用的动力学和机理。
{"title":"KINETIC DETERMINATION OF VANADIUM USING THE BROMATE OXIDATIVE COUPLING REACTION OF 4-(METHYLAMINO)PHENOL WITH 2,3,4-TRIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID AND TARTRATE ACTIVATOR","authors":"A. Mohamed, Khalid F. Fawy","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new, simple, sensitive and selective kinetic method is developed for the spectrophotometric determination of VV and/or VIV based on its catalytic effect on the bromate oxidative coupling reaction of 4-(methylamino)phenol (MAP) with 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THBA) in the presence of tartrate as an activator. The reagents: 6.4 mmol l−1 MAP, 2.0 mmol l−1 THBA and 160 mmol l−1 bromate were mixed in the presence of an activator-buffer solution of 10 mmol l−1 tartrate (pH = 3.10) and at 35°C. The rate of formation of the oxidative coupling product was followed at 380 and/or 570 nm for 3 min from the addition of bromate. Linear calibration graphs up to 0.75 ng ml−1 of vanadium were obtained with detection limits, based on the 3S b criterion, of 0.019 and 0.026 ng ml−1 at 380 and 570 nm, respectively. The developed method was conveniently applied to the determination of vanadium in tap and ground waters and in human plasma, serum, and urine. Moreover, the nature of the oxidative coupling product was inferred and the kinetics and mechanism of the activating effects of tartrate were elucidated.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"29 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89534669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A flame atomic adsorption method was employed to study the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution onto bentonite surface, using the batch equilibrium method. Maximum removal (98.7%) was achieved from a solution of pH 2.5. Effect of various parameters like concentration, shaking time and temperature were also examined to achieve the optimized conditions of maximum recovery of Cr(III) from solution by adsorption method. The presence of various anions and cations on the adsorption behavior of Cr(III) were also investigated. The data was also investigated in terms of calculating thermodynamic quantities and also fitted well to Langmuir's equation.
{"title":"TRACE LEVEL REMOVAL STUDIES OF CR(III) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION","authors":"M. Ikram, M. A. Rauf, N. Rauf","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002465","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A flame atomic adsorption method was employed to study the removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution onto bentonite surface, using the batch equilibrium method. Maximum removal (98.7%) was achieved from a solution of pH 2.5. Effect of various parameters like concentration, shaking time and temperature were also examined to achieve the optimized conditions of maximum recovery of Cr(III) from solution by adsorption method. The presence of various anions and cations on the adsorption behavior of Cr(III) were also investigated. The data was also investigated in terms of calculating thermodynamic quantities and also fitted well to Langmuir's equation.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"73 1","pages":"119 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73923546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been utilized in the analysis of thirty-seven archaeological ceramics fragment samples from Tal Al-Wardiate site, Missiaf town, Hamma city, Syria. Thirty six chemical elements were determined. These elemental concentrations have been processed using two multivariate statistical methods, cluster and factor analysis in order to determine similarities and correlation between the various samples. Factor analysis confirms that samples were correctly classified by cluster analysis. The results showed that samples can be considered to be manufactured using three different sources of raw material.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS AND MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS TO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SYRIAN CERAMICS","authors":"E. Bakraji, I. Othman, A. Sarhil, N. Alsomel","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002460","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been utilized in the analysis of thirty-seven archaeological ceramics fragment samples from Tal Al-Wardiate site, Missiaf town, Hamma city, Syria. Thirty six chemical elements were determined. These elemental concentrations have been processed using two multivariate statistical methods, cluster and factor analysis in order to determine similarities and correlation between the various samples. Factor analysis confirms that samples were correctly classified by cluster analysis. The results showed that samples can be considered to be manufactured using three different sources of raw material.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"87 1","pages":"57 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77278909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The possibilities of FAB mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of the tropospheric cloud droplets are discussed. As a model for atmospheric water, aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid over a wide range of concentrations were used (10−1 ÷ 10−6 M). The parameters examined were: intensity of positive and negative ions sputtered from the working samples and their dependencies on (H2SO4) or pH measured in aqueous phase. A detection limits of (H2SO4)aq was ∼10−5 M (pH ≤ 5). The correlation observed between the mass spectra and thermodynamic properties of the solutions studied supports the applicability of the proposed approach to quantitative determination of sulfuric acid concentration encountered in atmospheric water.
讨论了FAB质谱法分析对流层云滴组成的可能性。作为大气水的模型，使用了广泛浓度范围内的硫酸水溶液(10−1 ÷ 10−6 M)。检测的参数包括:从工作样品溅射的正离子和负离子的强度及其对水相(H2SO4)或pH值的依赖关系。(H2SO4)aq的检出限为~ 10−5 M (pH≤5)。所研究溶液的质谱和热力学性质之间的相关性支持了所提出的方法对大气水中硫酸浓度定量测定的适用性。
{"title":"AN APPLICATION OF FAB MASS SPECTROMETRY IN ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITION OF ATMOSPHERIC WATER","authors":"I. A. Korobeinikova, G. Pronchev, A. Yermakov","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The possibilities of FAB mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of the tropospheric cloud droplets are discussed. As a model for atmospheric water, aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid over a wide range of concentrations were used (10−1 ÷ 10−6 M). The parameters examined were: intensity of positive and negative ions sputtered from the working samples and their dependencies on (H2SO4) or pH measured in aqueous phase. A detection limits of (H2SO4)aq was ∼10−5 M (pH ≤ 5). The correlation observed between the mass spectra and thermodynamic properties of the solutions studied supports the applicability of the proposed approach to quantitative determination of sulfuric acid concentration encountered in atmospheric water.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"38 1","pages":"105 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80639351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Industrial fertilizers were used to study selected essential and non-essential metals by two analytical techniques, namely atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. Out of eight metals namely Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cd, Mn and Cr, which were determined by atomic absorption technique, Fe showed maximum concentration, whereas Cd and Pb showed minimum value. In the case of neutron activation analysis, 16 elements namely Cr, Fe, Zn, Co, Th, Sc, La, Ba, Rb, Cs, Sb, Yb, Ce, Mn, Na and Eu were analyzed. In this group, Na exhibited maximum concentration value, while Sb and Eu showed the minimum value. Cr, Fe, Zn and Mn were the four commonly studied elements by the two techniques. Within this group, Fe showed the highest concentration values, while the lowest was shown in the case of Cr. The comparison of overall data generally showed lower concentrations of trace metals in nitrogenous fertilizers as compared to potash and phosphatic fertilizers.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF TRACE METALS IN INDUSTRIAL FERTILIZERS","authors":"M. A. Rauf, M. Ikram, N. Akhter","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120002462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120002462","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Industrial fertilizers were used to study selected essential and non-essential metals by two analytical techniques, namely atomic absorption spectroscopy and neutron activation analysis. Out of eight metals namely Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cd, Mn and Cr, which were determined by atomic absorption technique, Fe showed maximum concentration, whereas Cd and Pb showed minimum value. In the case of neutron activation analysis, 16 elements namely Cr, Fe, Zn, Co, Th, Sc, La, Ba, Rb, Cs, Sb, Yb, Ce, Mn, Na and Eu were analyzed. In this group, Na exhibited maximum concentration value, while Sb and Eu showed the minimum value. Cr, Fe, Zn and Mn were the four commonly studied elements by the two techniques. Within this group, Fe showed the highest concentration values, while the lowest was shown in the case of Cr. The comparison of overall data generally showed lower concentrations of trace metals in nitrogenous fertilizers as compared to potash and phosphatic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"22 1","pages":"79 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82272574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT A highly sensitive fluorometric determination of sulfite in biological and environmental samples is described. Sulfite reacted with N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide (NAM), a Michael addition reaction, to give strongly fluorescent derivatives at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 50°C. There was no interference by the inorganic salts, cations and anions nor by the reducing, oxidizing and organic substances present in wine, beer and blood serum. The sensitivities were in the µM range in the batch methods and in the pmol range when using an ODS column in high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC).
{"title":"HIGHLY SENSITIVE N-(9-ACRIDINYL)MALEIMIDE (NAM) FLUOROMETRY TO DETERMINE SULFITE BELOW PPM LEVEL IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES","authors":"H. Meguro, K. Akasaka, H. Ohrui, S. Matsui","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120015608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120015608","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A highly sensitive fluorometric determination of sulfite in biological and environmental samples is described. Sulfite reacted with N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide (NAM), a Michael addition reaction, to give strongly fluorescent derivatives at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 50°C. There was no interference by the inorganic salts, cations and anions nor by the reducing, oxidizing and organic substances present in wine, beer and blood serum. The sensitivities were in the µM range in the batch methods and in the pmol range when using an ODS column in high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC).","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"27 1","pages":"463 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74521167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tafforeau, M. Verdus, V. Norris, G. White, M. Demarty, M. Thellier, C. Ripoll
ABSTRACT Exposing seedlings of the flax, Linum usitatissimum L., to a variety of weak environmental stresses plus a 2-day calcium deprivation triggers the common response of production of epidermal meristems in the hypocotyl. Here, we show that the same response was induced by a 1 min cold shock. Epidermal meristem production was also induced by a single 2-h exposure to radiation emitted at 0.9 GHz at non-thermal levels by a GSM telephone. This flax-based system is therefore well suited to studying the effects of low intensity stimuli, including those of electromagnetic radiation. To begin to determine the underlying mechanisms, in which calcium is implicated, it is desirable to analyse the changes in ions in the tissues affected. We therefore performed a Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) study of the distribution of the main inorganic cations in the hypocotyl of control and calcium-deprived seedlings. This showed decreases in calcium, sodium and potassium and an increase in magnesium that did not alter substantially the overall ratio of divalent to monovalent cations.
{"title":"SIMS STUDY OF THE CALCIUM-DEPRIVATION STEP RELATED TO EPIDERMAL MERISTEM PRODUCTION INDUCED IN FLAX BY COLD SHOCK OR RADIATION FROM A GSM TELEPHONE","authors":"M. Tafforeau, M. Verdus, V. Norris, G. White, M. Demarty, M. Thellier, C. Ripoll","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120015622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120015622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exposing seedlings of the flax, Linum usitatissimum L., to a variety of weak environmental stresses plus a 2-day calcium deprivation triggers the common response of production of epidermal meristems in the hypocotyl. Here, we show that the same response was induced by a 1 min cold shock. Epidermal meristem production was also induced by a single 2-h exposure to radiation emitted at 0.9 GHz at non-thermal levels by a GSM telephone. This flax-based system is therefore well suited to studying the effects of low intensity stimuli, including those of electromagnetic radiation. To begin to determine the underlying mechanisms, in which calcium is implicated, it is desirable to analyse the changes in ions in the tissues affected. We therefore performed a Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) study of the distribution of the main inorganic cations in the hypocotyl of control and calcium-deprived seedlings. This showed decreases in calcium, sodium and potassium and an increase in magnesium that did not alter substantially the overall ratio of divalent to monovalent cations.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":"72 1","pages":"611 - 623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88424498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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