Abstract Charge Transfer molecular complexes of Norfloxacin-[1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl) 3-quinolone carboxylic acid] with m-dinitrobenzene, picric acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis as well as different spectroscopic techniques. Spectral characteristics and stability of the complexes are investigated and discussed in terms of donor molecular structure, π-acceptor electron affinity, and solvent polarity. It is deduced that the complexes are mainly of the n–π* and π–π* types. Ionization potential of the donor was estimated from the CT transition energies of their complexes. The potentiality of the electron acceptors as new chromophoric reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of Norfloxacin was studied by extensive investigation of optimum conditions favouring the formation of the colored complexes.
{"title":"Molecular Charge Transfer Complexes of Norfloxacin with Nitrobenzenes","authors":"E. El-Mossalamy","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020261","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Charge Transfer molecular complexes of Norfloxacin-[1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl) 3-quinolone carboxylic acid] with m-dinitrobenzene, picric acid, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis as well as different spectroscopic techniques. Spectral characteristics and stability of the complexes are investigated and discussed in terms of donor molecular structure, π-acceptor electron affinity, and solvent polarity. It is deduced that the complexes are mainly of the n–π* and π–π* types. Ionization potential of the donor was estimated from the CT transition energies of their complexes. The potentiality of the electron acceptors as new chromophoric reagents for the spectrophotometric determination of Norfloxacin was studied by extensive investigation of optimum conditions favouring the formation of the colored complexes.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73787159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study a new hopeful enrichment/separation technique to substitute for batch and column techniques is described. Lead and cadmium were selected as analyte elements. The housing of a syringe mountable membrane filter was filled with Purolite C-100 E cationic resin and mounted to the tip of a plastic syringe. If the sample solution was drawn into the syringe in about 30 s passing through the resin and discharged again for the same length of time, the analyte elements were quantitatively retained at pH ≥ 2. The elements sorbed by the resin were then quantitatively eluted by drawing and discharging 2.5 M HCl as eluent, again at the same flow rates as those used in retention. The recoveries of Pb and Cd were 98.2 and 99%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of around ± 2%. Detection limits (3δ) were 15 µgL−1 for Pb and 10 µgL−1 for Cd. The elements could be concentrated by drawing and discharging several portions of sample successively but eluting only once. Pb and Cd in spiked waste water were recovered quantitatively (>95) with low RSD values of around ±2%. The method proposed is cheaper, simpler, faster and more practical than the column technique. The recoveries and reproducibilities of the method are at the same level as those of the column technique.
摘要本研究描述了一种新的富集/分离技术，有望取代批式和柱式技术。选择铅和镉作为分析元素。注射器安装膜过滤器的外壳填充了Purolite c - 100e阳离子树脂，并安装在塑料注射器的尖端。如果样品溶液穿过树脂，在30秒左右的时间内被吸入注射器，并再次排出相同的时间，则在pH≥2时定量保留分析物元素。被树脂吸附的元素，然后定量地通过抽取和排出2.5 M HCl作为洗脱液，再次以相同的流速用于保留。Pb和Cd的回收率分别为98.2%和99%，相对标准偏差约为±2%。Pb和Cd的检出限(3δ)分别为15µgL−1和10µgL−1。可以通过连续提取和放电几部分样品来浓缩元素，但只需要洗脱一次。加标废水中Pb和Cd的定量回收率(>95)，RSD值低，约为±2%。该方法比色谱柱法更经济、简单、快捷、实用。该方法的回收率和重现性与色谱柱法相同。
{"title":"Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Waste Water Samples After Enrichment and Separation Using Purolite C-100 E Resin Filled in a Syringe-Mountable Filter","authors":"E. Demirel, M. Ozcan, S. Akman, N. Tokman","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120017909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120017909","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study a new hopeful enrichment/separation technique to substitute for batch and column techniques is described. Lead and cadmium were selected as analyte elements. The housing of a syringe mountable membrane filter was filled with Purolite C-100 E cationic resin and mounted to the tip of a plastic syringe. If the sample solution was drawn into the syringe in about 30 s passing through the resin and discharged again for the same length of time, the analyte elements were quantitatively retained at pH ≥ 2. The elements sorbed by the resin were then quantitatively eluted by drawing and discharging 2.5 M HCl as eluent, again at the same flow rates as those used in retention. The recoveries of Pb and Cd were 98.2 and 99%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of around ± 2%. Detection limits (3δ) were 15 µgL−1 for Pb and 10 µgL−1 for Cd. The elements could be concentrated by drawing and discharging several portions of sample successively but eluting only once. Pb and Cd in spiked waste water were recovered quantitatively (>95) with low RSD values of around ±2%. The method proposed is cheaper, simpler, faster and more practical than the column technique. The recoveries and reproducibilities of the method are at the same level as those of the column technique.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89756733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A method for the determination of the riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and l-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in pharmaceutical preparations by voltammetry is described. The electrochemical behaviour of riboflavin and l-ascorbic acid in KH2PO4/Na2HPO4 buffer (pH = 6.8) was investigated using glassy carbon electrode. An anodic scan gave peaks at −0.47 V and +0.35 V vs. SCE for riboflavin and l-ascorbic acid, respectively. The oxidation peaks currents are linearly dependent on the concentration of vitamins. Both vitamins can be simultaneously determined from the same voltamogram. RF can be determined in the concentration range 1.5 × 10−6–3 × 10−5 M, however l-ascorbic acid in the concentration range 1.5 × 10−4–3 × 10−3 M. The method proposed for the determination of riboflavin and l-ascorbic acid in multivitamin tablets is very simple, rapid and does not involve time-consuming separation steps.
{"title":"Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Riboflavin and l-Ascorbic Acid in Multivitamin Pharmaceutical Preparations","authors":"K. Mielech","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120017900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120017900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method for the determination of the riboflavin (Vitamin B2) and l-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in pharmaceutical preparations by voltammetry is described. The electrochemical behaviour of riboflavin and l-ascorbic acid in KH2PO4/Na2HPO4 buffer (pH = 6.8) was investigated using glassy carbon electrode. An anodic scan gave peaks at −0.47 V and +0.35 V vs. SCE for riboflavin and l-ascorbic acid, respectively. The oxidation peaks currents are linearly dependent on the concentration of vitamins. Both vitamins can be simultaneously determined from the same voltamogram. RF can be determined in the concentration range 1.5 × 10−6–3 × 10−5 M, however l-ascorbic acid in the concentration range 1.5 × 10−4–3 × 10−3 M. The method proposed for the determination of riboflavin and l-ascorbic acid in multivitamin tablets is very simple, rapid and does not involve time-consuming separation steps.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89648718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Used and unused lubricating oils were characterized in terms of their additives. The analysis was both physical and chemical in nature. Physical parameters included pour point, flash point, specific gravity, percentage sulfated ash and color of the samples. A decrease in all these values was observed for all used samples. Chemical tests included the estimation of chloride and zinc. Besides this, the other possible groups such as thiosulfates, olefin copolymers, esters and phthalates were characterized by IR spectroscopy.
{"title":"Characterization of Additives in Oils by Instrumental Methods","authors":"M. A. Rauf, M. Ikram, A. Noor","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Used and unused lubricating oils were characterized in terms of their additives. The analysis was both physical and chemical in nature. Physical parameters included pour point, flash point, specific gravity, percentage sulfated ash and color of the samples. A decrease in all these values was observed for all used samples. Chemical tests included the estimation of chloride and zinc. Besides this, the other possible groups such as thiosulfates, olefin copolymers, esters and phthalates were characterized by IR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78053676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A flame atomic absorption method was employed to study the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution onto bentonite surface, using the batch equilibrium method. Maximum removal (80%) was achieved from a solution of pH 3.2. Effect of various parameters like concentration, shaking time and temperature were examined to achieve the optimized conditions of maximum recovery of Ni(II) from solution by adsorption method. The effect of various anions and cations on the recovery of Ni(II) was also investigated. The data were investigated in terms of calculating thermodynamic quantities and were found to fit well to Freundlich equation.
{"title":"Adsorption Studies of Ni(II) from Aqueous Solution onto Bentonite","authors":"M. A. Rauf, M. Iqbal, M. Ikram, N. Rauf","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A flame atomic absorption method was employed to study the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution onto bentonite surface, using the batch equilibrium method. Maximum removal (80%) was achieved from a solution of pH 3.2. Effect of various parameters like concentration, shaking time and temperature were examined to achieve the optimized conditions of maximum recovery of Ni(II) from solution by adsorption method. The effect of various anions and cations on the recovery of Ni(II) was also investigated. The data were investigated in terms of calculating thermodynamic quantities and were found to fit well to Freundlich equation.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74016163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract As street dust are environmentally important materials for the investigation of trace metal pollutions, the levels of heavy metal ions of street dusts from Kayseri-Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after digestion with aqua regia. Copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese, and cobalt levels in the dust samples were found in the range of 12–315, 1–45, 31–96, 23–85, 49–381, 84–532, and 11–137 µg/g, respectively. The highest metal concentrations were found in the streets with heavy traffic. A good correlation was found between the metal concentrations.
{"title":"The Investigation of Trace Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Street Dust Samples Collected from Kayseri, Turkey","authors":"U. Divrikli, M. Soylak, L. Elçi, M. Doğan","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120025821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120025821","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As street dust are environmentally important materials for the investigation of trace metal pollutions, the levels of heavy metal ions of street dusts from Kayseri-Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after digestion with aqua regia. Copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese, and cobalt levels in the dust samples were found in the range of 12–315, 1–45, 31–96, 23–85, 49–381, 84–532, and 11–137 µg/g, respectively. The highest metal concentrations were found in the streets with heavy traffic. A good correlation was found between the metal concentrations.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75401078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fly ash samples collected from main thermal power plants of Turkey such as Sivas-Kangal, Çayırhan, Tavşanlý, Tunçbilek, Soma-B, Seyitömer, Yatağan were analyzed by elemental SEM-EDS and their secondary electron images were taken. With EDS analyses, some elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, Fe, Al, Zn, Nb, Ti, and Pu were determined on fly ash samples. The ranging amounts of major elements for different plants were discussed. The radioactive element is observed only for two locations.
{"title":"Elemental Analysis of the Ashes of Main Thermal Power Plants in Turkey","authors":"Y. Nuhoğlu, F. Bülbül","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120025822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120025822","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fly ash samples collected from main thermal power plants of Turkey such as Sivas-Kangal, Çayırhan, Tavşanlý, Tunçbilek, Soma-B, Seyitömer, Yatağan were analyzed by elemental SEM-EDS and their secondary electron images were taken. With EDS analyses, some elements such as Si, Ca, Mg, Na, K, S, Fe, Al, Zn, Nb, Ti, and Pu were determined on fly ash samples. The ranging amounts of major elements for different plants were discussed. The radioactive element is observed only for two locations.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84477112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and cobalt contents of dust samples taken from Yozgat city center, Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion with aqua regia. The highest levels of the trace metal ions in the streets with heavy traffic were noted. The lowest levels of the metal concentrations were found in the samples from hospital and health centers. The results found in the present study were compared with some cities around the world. The levels of the metal ions found were generally below the mean world-wide contents of the street dust samples. Correlations between heavy trace metal levels of the dust samples were also evaluated.
{"title":"Trace Heavy Metal Levels in Street Dust Samples from Yozgat City Center, Turkey","authors":"U. Divrikli, M. Soylak, L. Elçi, M. Doğan","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120020270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120020270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The copper, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, manganese and cobalt contents of dust samples taken from Yozgat city center, Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after digestion with aqua regia. The highest levels of the trace metal ions in the streets with heavy traffic were noted. The lowest levels of the metal concentrations were found in the samples from hospital and health centers. The results found in the present study were compared with some cities around the world. The levels of the metal ions found were generally below the mean world-wide contents of the street dust samples. Correlations between heavy trace metal levels of the dust samples were also evaluated.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89923667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Two strains of Bacillus species, namely BS-I and BS-II were used to degrade the crude oil samples. The ability of these strains and their mixed culture to produce gases, organic acids and other solvents were monitored. Under anaerobic conditions, both the strains produced considerable gases. BS-I produced 287 cc of gas per week accompanied by lowering the pH of the system and an oil consumption up to 56%. On the other hand, BS-II produced 353 cc of gas per week with lowering of pH and oil consumption up to 16%. In mixed strains, 240 cc of gas was produced with lowering of pH and an oil consumption of 16%. Four gases, namely CO2, N2, O2 and C3H8 were identified by gas chromatography. Carbon dioxide was produced in major amounts in all the cases. Nine organic acids were also identified in molasses based medium. These were quantified by GLC technique using standards as reference sources. In sand packed columns, the oil recovery efficiency was calculated to be 83% in the case of BS-II.
{"title":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Through Microbial Treatment","authors":"M. A. Rauf, M. Ikram, N. Tabassum","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120023069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120023069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two strains of Bacillus species, namely BS-I and BS-II were used to degrade the crude oil samples. The ability of these strains and their mixed culture to produce gases, organic acids and other solvents were monitored. Under anaerobic conditions, both the strains produced considerable gases. BS-I produced 287 cc of gas per week accompanied by lowering the pH of the system and an oil consumption up to 56%. On the other hand, BS-II produced 353 cc of gas per week with lowering of pH and oil consumption up to 16%. In mixed strains, 240 cc of gas was produced with lowering of pH and an oil consumption of 16%. Four gases, namely CO2, N2, O2 and C3H8 were identified by gas chromatography. Carbon dioxide was produced in major amounts in all the cases. Nine organic acids were also identified in molasses based medium. These were quantified by GLC technique using standards as reference sources. In sand packed columns, the oil recovery efficiency was calculated to be 83% in the case of BS-II.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87045898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A major agricultural waste, rice husk and its ash were used for the preconcentration and separation of bismuth and chromium prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and their sorption properties with respect to bismuth and chromium from water samples were investigated. For this purpose, rice husk was thermally treated at 300°C for one hour and 600°C for ten hours in a muffle furnace. The effects of various experimental conditions on retention and elution efficiencies of studied elements for untreated rice with husk, untreated and thermally treated rice husk were investigated by applying batch and column methods. The analyte elements were quantitatively collected on rice with husk, the untreated and thermally treated rice husk at 300°C if the pH is above 3. The analyte elements retained on the rice with husk, rice husk or its ash were completely recovered by means of 2.0 M hydrochloric acid. Maximum chromium adsorption capacities of untreated rice with husk (URH), rice husk (RH), rice husk ash heated at 300°C (RHA-300) and 600°C (RHA-600) are 0.12, 0.50, 19.09 and 6.49 mg Cr/g adsorbent, respectively and 0.47, 294, 18.34 and 4.90 mg Bi/g adsorbent, respectively. When RHA-300 was used which is the most suitable adsorbent of all, detection limits (3 δ) were 1.3 µg/L for Bi and 1.5 µg/L for Cr. The relative standard deviations for the determinations were found to be 1.0–7.9%. The results showed that RHA especially heated at 300°C could be used as an efficient and cheap adsorbent for the removal of some heavy metals from the natural water samples and for the preconcentration and separation of bismuth and chromium prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
{"title":"Solid Phase Extraction of Bismuth and Chromium by Rice Husk","authors":"Yasemin Bakircioglu, D. Bakircioglu, S. Akman","doi":"10.1081/TMA-120023063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-120023063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A major agricultural waste, rice husk and its ash were used for the preconcentration and separation of bismuth and chromium prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and their sorption properties with respect to bismuth and chromium from water samples were investigated. For this purpose, rice husk was thermally treated at 300°C for one hour and 600°C for ten hours in a muffle furnace. The effects of various experimental conditions on retention and elution efficiencies of studied elements for untreated rice with husk, untreated and thermally treated rice husk were investigated by applying batch and column methods. The analyte elements were quantitatively collected on rice with husk, the untreated and thermally treated rice husk at 300°C if the pH is above 3. The analyte elements retained on the rice with husk, rice husk or its ash were completely recovered by means of 2.0 M hydrochloric acid. Maximum chromium adsorption capacities of untreated rice with husk (URH), rice husk (RH), rice husk ash heated at 300°C (RHA-300) and 600°C (RHA-600) are 0.12, 0.50, 19.09 and 6.49 mg Cr/g adsorbent, respectively and 0.47, 294, 18.34 and 4.90 mg Bi/g adsorbent, respectively. When RHA-300 was used which is the most suitable adsorbent of all, detection limits (3 δ) were 1.3 µg/L for Bi and 1.5 µg/L for Cr. The relative standard deviations for the determinations were found to be 1.0–7.9%. The results showed that RHA especially heated at 300°C could be used as an efficient and cheap adsorbent for the removal of some heavy metals from the natural water samples and for the preconcentration and separation of bismuth and chromium prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":17525,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87766004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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