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Assessment of Factories on Adherence to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures: A Case Study of Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja Districts, Uganda 评估工厂对 COVID-19 标准操作程序的遵守情况:乌干达 Wakiso、Mukono、Buikwe 和 Jinja 地区的案例研究
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6670510
Joseph M. Kungu, Edity Namyalo, Angella Musewa, Sarah Nitumusiima, Phiona Keije, Catherine Nakakooza, Osborn Oyirwoth
<i>Background</i>. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Uganda confirmed the first case of COVID-19 on 21st March, 2020, which led to the first total lockdown in the country. During the lockdown, some factories remained operational; hence, there is a need for a study aimed at assessing the level of adherence to COVID-19 standard operating procedures (SOPs) in factories as a mitigator for the pandemic. <i>Methods</i>. A cross-sectional study to assess compliance of factories to COVID-19 SOPs was conducted in Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja districts during the month of September, 2021. This involved visitation of factories and collection of data using the KoboCollect tool by interviewing general managers as well as human resource managers of the factories. A total of 39 factories were included in the study and were categorized into four major groups; food and beverages (15), plastics (5), construction (8), and others (11). Data analysis was done using STATA version 14.2. <i>Results</i>. Overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by the factories was 64.1% (95% CI = 49.1–79.1). Communication and training of employees (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2), wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and respiratory protection (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2) as well as enhanced cleaning and disinfection of surfaces (74.4%; 95% CI = 60.6–88.1) were the most implemented SOPs in the factories. Implementation of the SOPs was the highest in Mukono district (88.9%; 95% CI = 68.4–100) and the least in Wakiso district (40.0%; 95% CI = 9.6–70.4). The COVID-19 SOPs were followed mostly in construction material factories (87.5%; 95% CI = 64.6–100) and least in food and beverage factories (40%; 95% CI = 15.2–64.8). There was no significant difference in the adherence of COVID-19 SOPs among the districts (<svg height="11.6412pt" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 15.0284 11.6412" width="15.0284pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.945,-5.741)"></path></g></svg> = 5.02 and <span><svg height="8.8423pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 8.8423" width="19.289pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height="8.8423pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 8.8423" width="21.918pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)"></p
背景:冠状病毒病(COVID-19冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的一种传染病。2020 年 3 月 21 日,乌干达确诊了首例 COVID-19 病例,导致该国首次全面封锁。因此,有必要开展一项研究,旨在评估工厂遵守 COVID-19 标准操作程序 (SOP) 的程度,以减轻大流行病的影响。研究方法2021 年 9 月,在瓦基索(Wakiso)、穆科诺(Mukono)、布伊奎(Buikwe)和金贾(Jinja)地区开展了一项横向研究,以评估工厂对 COVID-19 标准操作程序的遵守情况。其中包括走访工厂,并使用 KoboCollect 工具通过采访工厂总经理和人力资源经理来收集数据。研究共涉及 39 家工厂,分为四大类:食品和饮料(15 家)、塑料(5 家)、建筑(8 家)和其他(11 家)。数据分析采用 STATA 14.2 版本。结果工厂对 COVID-19 SOP 的总体遵守率为 64.1%(95% CI = 49.1-79.1)。对员工进行沟通和培训(79.5%;95% CI = 66.8-92.2)、穿戴个人防护设备(PPE)和呼吸保护(79.5%;95% CI = 66.8-92.2)以及加强表面清洁和消毒(74.4%;95% CI = 60.6-88.1)是工厂执行率最高的 SOP。穆科诺区的 SOP 执行率最高(88.9%;95% CI = 68.4-100),瓦基索区最低(40.0%;95% CI = 9.6-70.4)。遵守 COVID-19 标准操作程序的主要是建筑材料厂(87.5%;95% CI = 64.6-100),最少的是食品和饮料厂(40%;95% CI = 15.2-64.8)。各地区(= 5.02 和)和工厂(= 7.04 和)在遵守 COVID-19 SOP 方面没有明显差异。尽管对标准操作程序的总体遵守情况与工厂的位置和类型无关,但对某些标准操作程序的遵守情况,如暴露控制计划、COVID-19标识的存在、社会距离的保持和健康控制计划的实施,却因地区而异。同样,暴露控制计划、COVID-19 标志和保持社会距离也因工厂类型而有显著差异。结论这项研究表明,工厂对 COVID-19 标准操作程序的总体遵守情况一般,但个别标准操作程序的执行水平存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Deltamethrin-Laced Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait to Control Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) Population 开发添加溴氰菊酯的诱杀性糖饵来控制埃及伊蚊(林尼厄斯)种群
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6966205
Sarita Kumar, Aarti Sharma, Roopa Rani Samal, Vaishali Verma, Ravinder Kumar Sagar, Shri Pati Singh, Kamaraju Raghavendra
Background. The attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a promising strategy for controlling mosquitoes at the adult stage. The strategy is based on the use of a combination of fruit juice, sugar, and a toxin in order to attract and kill the adult mosquitoes. The selection of the components and optimization of their concentrations is significant for the formulation of an effective ATSB. Methods. The present study formulated nine ATSBs and evaluated their efficacy against two laboratory strains (AND-Aedes aegypti and AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10) and two wildcaught colonized strains of Aedes aegypti (GVD-Delhi and SHD-Delhi). Initially, nine attractive sugar baits (ASBs) were prepared using a mixture of 100% fermented guava juice (attractant) with 10% sucrose solution (w/v) in 1 : 1 ratio. ATSBs were formulated by mixing each ASB with different concentrations of deltamethrin in the ratio of 9 : 1 to obtain final deltamethrin concentration of 0.003125–0.8 mg/10 mL ATSB. Cage bioassays were conducted with 50 mosquitoes for 24 h in order to evaluate the efficacy of each ATSB against the four strains of Ae. aegypti. The data were statistically analyzed using PASW software 19.0 program and 2-way ANOVA. Results. The ATSB formulations registered 8.33–97.44% mortality against AND-Aedes aegypti and 5.15–96.91% mortality against AND-Aedes aegypti-DL10 strains of Ae. aegypti, while GVD-Delhi strain registered 2.04–95.83% mortality and SHD-Delhi strain showed 5.10–97.96% mortality. The administration of 0.8 mg of deltamethrin within 10 mL of attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) has led to the maximum mortality rate in adult mosquitoes. Conclusions. The ATSBs formulated with guava juice-ASB and deltamethrin (9 : 1) showed toxin dose-dependent toxicity by all the four strains of Ae. aegypti. Most effective dosage was found as 0.8 mg deltamethrin/10 mL ATSB which imparted 96% to 98% mortality in adult mosquitoes. The investigations demonstrated the efficacy of deltamethrin-laced ATSB formulations against Ae. aegypti and highlighted the need for conduct of structured field trials and investigating the impact on disease vectors and nontarget organisms.
背景。有吸引力的毒糖诱饵(ATSB)是一种在成蚊阶段控制蚊子的有效策略。该策略的基础是使用果汁、糖和毒素的组合来吸引和杀死成蚊。选择成分和优化其浓度对配制有效的 ATSB 至关重要。方法。本研究配制了九种 ATSB,并评估了它们对两种实验室埃及伊蚊菌株(AND-埃及伊蚊和 AND-埃及伊蚊-DL10)和两种野外捕获的定殖埃及伊蚊菌株(GVD-德里和 SHD-德里)的效力。最初,使用 100% 发酵番石榴汁(引诱剂)与 10% 蔗糖溶液(w/v)以 1 :1 的比例混合。将每种 ASB 与不同浓度的溴氰菊酯按 9 : 1 的比例混合,配制成 ATSB:1 的比例混合,以获得 0.003125-0.8 毫克/10 毫升 ATSB 的溴氰菊酯最终浓度。用 50 只蚊子进行了 24 小时的笼式生物测定,以评估每种 ATSB 对四种埃及伊蚊的效力。使用 PASW 软件 19.0 程序和 2 方方差分析对数据进行统计分析。结果ATSB制剂对AND-埃及伊蚊的死亡率为8.33%-97.44%,对AND-埃及伊蚊-DL10株的死亡率为5.15%-96.91%,而GVD-Delhi株的死亡率为2.04%-95.83%,SHD-Delhi株的死亡率为5.10%-97.96%。在 10 毫升有吸引力的有毒糖诱饵(ATSB)中加入 0.8 毫克溴氰菊酯,成蚊死亡率最高。结论用番石榴汁-ASB 和溴氰菊酯(9:1)配制的 ATSB 对所有四种埃及姬蚊都显示出毒素剂量依赖性毒性。发现最有效的剂量为 0.8 毫克溴氰菊酯/10 毫升 ATSB,可使成蚊死亡率达到 96% 至 98%。这些研究表明,掺有溴氰菊酯的 ATSB 配方对埃及姬蚊有效,并强调有必要进行结构化实地试验,调查其对病媒和非目标生物的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Microscopy, SD-Bioline Rapid Diagnostic Test, and Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Detection of Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women at Delivery in Kumba Health District Area in the Southwest Region of Cameroon 显微镜、SD-Bioline 快速诊断测试和聚合酶链式反应在检测喀麦隆西南地区昆巴卫生区孕妇分娩时感染疟疾方面的诊断性能比较
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2056524
Bekindaka Ngemani Obase, Esemu Livo Forgu, Awanakam Honore Awanakam, Zeukeng Francis, Agnenga Balonga Annie, Nchankou Loic, Jude Daiga Bigoga, Rose Leke, Dickson Shey Nsagha
Introduction. Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Microcopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) recommended by the World Health Organization for clinical diagnosis have poor sensitivity to detect individuals with very low levels of parasitemia. Previous studies have shown that malaria in pregnancy is associated with mastitis and excessive uterine blood loss during delivery. However, information evaluating the performance of these tools in detecting malaria in pregnancy at the national level is limited. This study therefore evaluates the performance of microscopy, RDT, and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in the detection of pregnancy-associated malaria at delivery. Methods. A total of 227 participants constituting of 201 pregnant women without and 26 with HIV were recruited from five health facilities within the Kumba health district area. Mother venous and cord blood were collected at delivery to test for malaria using the thick-film microscopy, SD-bioline RDT, and 18SrRNA-nested PCR. Results. The percentage of malaria-positive cases detected by thick-film microcopy (TFM), RDT, and PCR in pregnant women with and without HIV was 7.69%, 53.85%, and 50% and 3.48%, 23.38%, and 49.25%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 1.99% cord blood samples of women without HIV by PCR. The positivity rate in at least two of the test methods (composite positive) was 42.31% for women with and 19.90% for women without HIV. The sensitivity of TFM and RDT when using PCR as a reference was 7.21% and 49.00%, respectively, in all samples. The specificity was 99.14% and 90.55% with kappa values of 0.064 and 0.461, respectively. When using the composite test as a reference, the sensitivity of TFM, RDT, and nPCR was 15.69%, 94.12%, and 100%, respectively. Specificity was 99.43%, 93.18%, and 65.34% with kappa values of 0.213, 0.821, and 0.458, respectively. Conclusion. This study shows that PCR is more sensitive in the detection of malaria parasite followed by SD-bioline RDT kit. However, in resource-limited settings where access to molecular diagnosis of malaria is a problem, RDT should be considered as the first option to microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria.
导言。妊娠期疟疾是撒哈拉以南非洲地区发病和死亡的主要原因。世界卫生组织推荐用于临床诊断的显微镜检查和快速诊断检测(RDT)的灵敏度较低,无法检测出寄生虫血症水平很低的个体。以往的研究表明,妊娠期疟疾与乳腺炎和分娩时子宫失血过多有关。然而,在全国范围内评估这些工具在检测妊娠期疟疾方面性能的信息非常有限。因此,本研究评估了显微镜、RDT 和巢式聚合酶链反应(nPCR)在检测分娩时与妊娠有关的疟疾方面的性能。研究方法从昆巴卫生区内的五家医疗机构共招募了 227 名参与者,其中包括 201 名未感染艾滋病毒的孕妇和 26 名感染艾滋病毒的孕妇。在分娩时采集母体静脉血和脐带血,使用厚膜显微镜、SD-bioline RDT 和 18SrRNA 嵌套 PCR 检测疟疾。结果显示通过厚膜显微镜(TFM)、RDT 和 PCR 检测,感染和未感染 HIV 的孕妇中疟疾阳性病例的比例分别为 7.69%、53.85% 和 50%,以及 3.48%、23.38% 和 49.25%。在未感染艾滋病毒的妇女的脐带血样本中,通过 PCR 检测出恶性疟原虫的比例为 1.99%。至少两种检测方法的阳性率(复合阳性)分别为:感染 HIV 的妇女 42.31%,未感染 HIV 的妇女 19.90%。在所有样本中,以 PCR 作为参考的 TFM 和 RDT 的灵敏度分别为 7.21% 和 49.00%。特异性分别为 99.14% 和 90.55%,卡帕值分别为 0.064 和 0.461。以综合检测作为参考,TFM、RDT 和 nPCR 的灵敏度分别为 15.69%、94.12% 和 100%。特异性分别为 99.43%、93.18% 和 65.34%,卡帕值分别为 0.213、0.821 和 0.458。结论这项研究表明,在检测疟原虫方面,PCR 的灵敏度高于 SD-bioline RDT 试剂盒。然而,在资源有限的环境中,疟疾的分子诊断难以获得,因此应考虑将 RDT 作为疟疾诊断中显微镜检查的首选。
{"title":"Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Microscopy, SD-Bioline Rapid Diagnostic Test, and Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Detection of Malaria Infection among Pregnant Women at Delivery in Kumba Health District Area in the Southwest Region of Cameroon","authors":"Bekindaka Ngemani Obase, Esemu Livo Forgu, Awanakam Honore Awanakam, Zeukeng Francis, Agnenga Balonga Annie, Nchankou Loic, Jude Daiga Bigoga, Rose Leke, Dickson Shey Nsagha","doi":"10.1155/2023/2056524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2056524","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Introduction</i>. Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Microcopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) recommended by the World Health Organization for clinical diagnosis have poor sensitivity to detect individuals with very low levels of parasitemia. Previous studies have shown that malaria in pregnancy is associated with mastitis and excessive uterine blood loss during delivery. However, information evaluating the performance of these tools in detecting malaria in pregnancy at the national level is limited. This study therefore evaluates the performance of microscopy, RDT, and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in the detection of pregnancy-associated malaria at delivery. <i>Methods</i>. A total of 227 participants constituting of 201 pregnant women without and 26 with HIV were recruited from five health facilities within the Kumba health district area. Mother venous and cord blood were collected at delivery to test for malaria using the thick-film microscopy, SD-bioline RDT, and 18SrRNA-nested PCR. <i>Results</i>. The percentage of malaria-positive cases detected by thick-film microcopy (TFM), RDT, and PCR in pregnant women with and without HIV was 7.69%, 53.85%, and 50% and 3.48%, 23.38%, and 49.25%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 1.99% cord blood samples of women without HIV by PCR. The positivity rate in at least two of the test methods (composite positive) was 42.31% for women with and 19.90% for women without HIV. The sensitivity of TFM and RDT when using PCR as a reference was 7.21% and 49.00%, respectively, in all samples. The specificity was 99.14% and 90.55% with kappa values of 0.064 and 0.461, respectively. When using the composite test as a reference, the sensitivity of TFM, RDT, and nPCR was 15.69%, 94.12%, and 100%, respectively. Specificity was 99.43%, 93.18%, and 65.34% with kappa values of 0.213, 0.821, and 0.458, respectively. <i>Conclusion</i>. This study shows that PCR is more sensitive in the detection of malaria parasite followed by SD-bioline RDT kit. However, in resource-limited settings where access to molecular diagnosis of malaria is a problem, RDT should be considered as the first option to microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria.","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency of Gastrointestinal Parasites, Anemia, and Nutritional Status among Children from Different Geographical Regions of Bolivia 玻利维亚不同地区儿童的胃肠道寄生虫感染率、贫血症和营养状况
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-12-09 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5020490
Ceilan Apaza, Washington Cuna, Froilán Brañez, Roberto Passera, Celeste Rodriguez
The study aimed to measure the frequency of occurrence of infections with helminths, protozoa, and risk factors of undernutrition and anemia among schoolchildren from the Bolivian highland (altiplano) and lowland (subtropical) rural regions, with a high frequency of gastrointestinal parasite infections. Cross-sectional data were collected from 790 children, 5–13 years old. Microscopic examination of stool using the Ritchie technique, hemoglobin testing using the HemoCue analyzer, and anthropometric measurements were performed. Over 60% and 20% of children were infected with protozoa and helminth parasites, respectively. Infections caused by pathogenic Hymenolepis nana (15.7–5.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (41.9–28.5%), Giardia lamblia (30.1–11.2%), Entamoeba histolytica (5.7–0.7%), and nonpathogenic Entamoeba coli (48.9–16%), Blastocystis hominis (40.2–28.5%), Iodamoeba butschli (16.1–2.5%), Chilomastix mesnili (19.2–7.3%), and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.4–5.5%) parasites, were more prevalent in the highlands than the lowlands. Single parasitic infections were more prevalent in the lowlands; polyparasitism of light or heavy intensity predominated in the highlands. A strongly increased risk of anemia and a low prevalence of wasting were determined in children in the highlands. A higher risk for stunting was associated with children of older age, and a low burden of intestinal helminths would prevent wasting in children of highlands. Infections with A. lumbricoides and G. lamblia pathogens in older children were not significant covariates for stunting. Environmental, nutritional, and parasitic factors may predispose to anemia in the highlands. A nutritional intervention and parasite control effort will substantially improve children´s health in the highlands.
这项研究旨在测量玻利维亚高原(高原)和低地(亚热带)农村地区学龄儿童中蠕虫和原生动物感染的发生频率,以及营养不良和贫血的风险因素,这些地区是胃肠道寄生虫感染的高发区。我们收集了 790 名 5-13 岁儿童的横断面数据。使用里奇技术对粪便进行了显微镜检查,使用 HemoCue 分析仪对血红蛋白进行了检测,并进行了人体测量。超过 60% 和 20% 的儿童分别感染了原生动物和蠕虫寄生虫。由致病性海门螺杆菌(15.7%-5.2%)、蛔虫(41.9%-28.5%)、贾第鞭毛虫(30.1%-11.2%)、组织溶解恩塔米巴虫(5.7%-0.7%)和非致病性大肠杆菌(48.与低地相比,高地的寄生虫感染率更高。单种寄生虫感染在低地更为普遍,而轻度或重度的多寄生虫感染在高地则占主导地位。在高原地区,儿童贫血的风险大大增加,而消瘦的发病率较低。年龄较大的儿童发育迟缓的风险较高,而肠道蠕虫的低负担可防止高地儿童消瘦。年龄较大的儿童感染疟原虫和羊角疯病原体并不是导致发育迟缓的重要协变量。环境、营养和寄生虫因素可能导致高地儿童贫血。营养干预和寄生虫控制工作将大大改善高原地区儿童的健康状况。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Malaria Parasite among Pregnant Women Attending to Saudi Kassala Teaching Hospital in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan 在苏丹东部卡萨拉州沙特卡萨拉教学医院就诊的孕妇中疟疾寄生虫的流行
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2289552
Alnaeem Abdalla Idris Nour, Tafawl Ibrahim Karrar, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed Kebayer, Nada Ali Abd Elwahid Mohamed, Khadega Suleiman Mohammed Zarroug, Hajrhma Ismael Hajrhma Mohammedahmed, Mohamed Ahmed Salah Mohamed Ahmed
<i>Objective</i>. Malaria during pregnancy is a priority area for malaria research and control as pregnant women represent a high risk group for severe malaria, and the presentation of malaria during pregnancy varies according to the level of transmission in the area; so the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates of malaria parasite among pregnant women attending to Saudi Kassala Teaching hospital in Kassala state, 2022. <i>Methods</i>. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi Kassala Teaching hospital in Kassala State. This study involved one hundred and eighty-five blood samples collected from pregnant women who was then examined by using blood films and ICT for malaria, and the data were collected by a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. <i>Results</i>. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.006–0.054). There was no significant difference among the different age groups with respect to the prevalence of malaria (<svg height="8.68572pt" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g></svg> value = 0.483). The prevalence of malaria in rural residency was 2.2%, and this was significantly more common than the urban residency (<svg height="8.68572pt" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-81"></use></g></svg> value = 0.021). When compared across the gestational trimesters, there was no significant difference between them (<svg height="8.68572pt" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-81"></use></g></svg> value = 0.518). The number of gravidity is not related to malaria infection (<svg height="8.68572pt" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-81"></use></g></svg> value = 0.737). The presence of symptom compliant of malaria during pregnancy does not suggest the presence of malaria (<svg height="8.68572pt" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-81"></use></g></svg> value = 0.152). No difference was found between the different e
目标。妊娠期疟疾是疟疾研究和控制的一个优先领域,因为孕妇是严重疟疾的高危群体,妊娠期疟疾的发病情况因该地区的传播程度而异;因此,本研究的目的是确定2022年在卡萨拉州沙特卡萨拉教学医院就诊的孕妇中疟疾寄生虫的患病率。方法。在卡萨拉州的沙特卡萨拉教学医院进行了一项横断面研究。本研究收集了185份孕妇的血液样本,然后通过血膜和ICT检查疟疾,数据通过结构化问卷收集,并使用SPSS版本21进行分析。结果。孕妇的疟疾患病率为2.2% (95% CI: 0.006-0.054)。不同年龄组间疟疾患病率差异无统计学意义(值= 0.483)。农村居民疟疾患病率为2.2%,显著高于城市居民(值= 0.021)。在整个妊娠期进行比较时,两者之间无显著差异(值= 0.518)。妊娠数与疟疾感染无关(值= 0.737)。妊娠期出现符合疟疾症状不提示存在疟疾(值= 0.152)。不同教育水平对疟疾患病率的影响没有差异(值= 0.362)。结果185份样本中ICT阳性1例(0.5%),血膜疟疾(BFFM)阳性3例(1.6%),两种方法均阳性,差异无统计学意义(= 0.703)。结论。本研究仅检测到恶性疟原虫。孕妇中的疟疾在农村地区更为普遍。然而,年龄、胎龄、妊娠和教育水平等其他因素并不影响孕妇疟疾的流行。在怀孕期间出现疟疾的症状依从性并不表明存在疟疾。使用ICT或BFFM对妊娠期疟疾的诊断结果类似。
{"title":"Prevalence of Malaria Parasite among Pregnant Women Attending to Saudi Kassala Teaching Hospital in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan","authors":"Alnaeem Abdalla Idris Nour, Tafawl Ibrahim Karrar, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed Kebayer, Nada Ali Abd Elwahid Mohamed, Khadega Suleiman Mohammed Zarroug, Hajrhma Ismael Hajrhma Mohammedahmed, Mohamed Ahmed Salah Mohamed Ahmed","doi":"10.1155/2023/2289552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2289552","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;i&gt;Objective&lt;/i&gt;. Malaria during pregnancy is a priority area for malaria research and control as pregnant women represent a high risk group for severe malaria, and the presentation of malaria during pregnancy varies according to the level of transmission in the area; so the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates of malaria parasite among pregnant women attending to Saudi Kassala Teaching hospital in Kassala state, 2022. &lt;i&gt;Methods&lt;/i&gt;. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Saudi Kassala Teaching hospital in Kassala State. This study involved one hundred and eighty-five blood samples collected from pregnant women who was then examined by using blood films and ICT for malaria, and the data were collected by a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. &lt;i&gt;Results&lt;/i&gt;. The prevalence of malaria among pregnant women was 2.2% (95% CI: 0.006–0.054). There was no significant difference among the different age groups with respect to the prevalence of malaria (&lt;svg height=\"8.68572pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.0498209pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572\" width=\"8.15071pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt; value = 0.483). The prevalence of malaria in rural residency was 2.2%, and this was significantly more common than the urban residency (&lt;svg height=\"8.68572pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.0498209pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572\" width=\"8.15071pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-81\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt; value = 0.021). When compared across the gestational trimesters, there was no significant difference between them (&lt;svg height=\"8.68572pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.0498209pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572\" width=\"8.15071pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-81\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt; value = 0.518). The number of gravidity is not related to malaria infection (&lt;svg height=\"8.68572pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.0498209pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572\" width=\"8.15071pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-81\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt; value = 0.737). The presence of symptom compliant of malaria during pregnancy does not suggest the presence of malaria (&lt;svg height=\"8.68572pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.0498209pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572\" width=\"8.15071pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#g113-81\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/g&gt;&lt;/svg&gt; value = 0.152). No difference was found between the different e","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138536117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Determinants of Geohelminthiasis among School-Age Children in Jimma City, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚吉马市学龄儿童地蛔虫病患病率及决定因素
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-11-27 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811795
Ahmed Zeynudin, Teshome Degefa, Sultan Suleman, Abdulhakim Abamecha, Zuber Hajikelil, Andreas Wieser

School-age children (SAC) are at a higher risk of geohelminth or soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections due to their practice of walking and playing barefoot, lack of adequate sanitary facilities, and poor personal hygiene. In Ethiopia, periodic deworming has been implemented since 2013 with the aim of interrupting the transmission of STH in children by 2025. To evaluate the likely success of such a control program, it is crucial to monitor the transmission of STH, especially in peri-urban settings where environmental sanitation is modest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of STH infections among SAC in peri-urban areas of Jimma City, Southwestern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five peri-urban Kebeles of Jimma City from July to September, 2021. Systematic random sampling was used to select 522 households with at least one child, and 478 children (5-15 years old) were recruited randomly from the households. Data on sociodemographic and potential risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples from each study participant were collected and examined microscopically using the Kato-Katz technique. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with STH infections. The prevalence of any STH among SAC was 23.4%, with Ascaris lumbricoides being the predominant STH species (15.7%), followed by Trichuris trichiura (9%) and hookworm (2.1%). Most (86.6%) of the STH-positive SAC had a single infection and a light infection intensity (88.2%), with a mean intensity of 367.4 eggs per gram. Location of Kebele (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.21-6.16, p=0.016), lack of hand washing after defecation (AOR = 6.39; 95% CI: 3.16-12.95, p < 0.001), untrimmed fingernails (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.56-4.51, p < 0.001), and lack of previous deworming (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.47-5.74, p=0.002) were significant predictors for STH infections among SAC. In conclusion, the study revealed that STH infections are significant health problem in the peri-urban areas of Jimma City. Strengthening periodic deworming and improving children's hygiene through health education are required to reduce the transmission.

学龄儿童由于赤脚走路和玩耍、缺乏足够的卫生设施和个人卫生条件差,感染地蠕虫或土壤传播蠕虫的风险较高。在埃塞俄比亚,自2013年以来已实施定期驱虫,目标是到2025年阻断STH在儿童中的传播。为了评估这种控制方案的成功可能性,监测STH的传播是至关重要的,特别是在环境卫生条件一般的城郊环境中。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚西南部吉马市城郊地区SAC中STH感染的流行情况和决定因素。于2021年7月至9月在吉马市五个城郊Kebeles进行了基于社区的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样的方法,抽取522户至少有一名儿童的家庭,随机抽取478名儿童(5-15岁)。使用结构化问卷收集社会人口学和潜在危险因素的数据。收集每个研究参与者的粪便样本,并使用Kato-Katz技术进行显微镜检查。采用多元logistic回归模型确定与STH感染相关的危险因素。其中,以蚓蛔虫为主(15.7%),其次为毛滴虫(9%)和钩虫(2.1%)。绝大多数(86.6%)sth阳性SAC为单次感染,感染强度较轻(88.2%),平均感染强度为367.4个/克。Kebele的位置(AOR = 2.73;95% CI: 1.21-6.16, p=0.016),排便后不洗手(AOR = 6.39;95% CI: 3.16-12.95, p < 0.001),未修剪指甲(AOR = 2.65;95% CI: 1.56-4.51, p < 0.001),既往未驱虫(AOR = 2.90;95% CI: 1.47-5.74, p=0.002)是SAC中STH感染的显著预测因子。综上所述,本研究揭示了STH感染是吉马市城郊地区的重大健康问题。需要加强定期驱虫和通过健康教育改善儿童卫生,以减少传播。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Multiplex LAMP Assay for the Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum from Iran. 一种快速准确诊断伊朗婴儿利什曼原虫引起内脏利什曼病的新型多重LAMP检测方法。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-11-18 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9326183
Sahar Samsami, Sahar Namavari, Saeed Ataei, Abdolmajid Ghasemian, Ava Yazdanpanah, Neda Sepahi, Gholamreza Hatam, Hossein Faramarzi, Hadi Mirzaei, Razie Ranjbar, Ali Ghanbariasad

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is one of the neglected tropical diseases despite being responsible for serious clinical symptoms, some of which lead to fatal outcomes. Thus, there is a need to apply accurate, rapid, and specific diagnostic measurements in order to control the disease and reduce the mortality rate. We aimed to develop and validate a multiplex LAMP assay for the diagnosis of VL caused by Leishmania infantum (L. infantum). Moreover, a thorough assessment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of multiplex LAMP in identifying various Leishmania species, such as Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) and Leishmania major (L. major) in comparison to Leishmania infantum (L. infantum). The diagnostic performance of the multiplex LAMP method for VL was compared to each LAMP assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and nested PCR technique. Two separated primers were set and used in a multiplex LAMP assay which was designed based on the ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer II) and were selected on the basis of conserved and high copy number region. Multiplex LAMP primers were designed using an online tool available at https://www.primerexplorer.jp/e. The alignment was performed using MEGA5, and the primers were further adjusted utilizing GENE Runner software. All molecular methods were tested on the serial dilution of cloned plasmid containing ITS region from standard strains of L. infantum, L. tropica, and L. major. Moreover, multiplex LAMP assay was evaluated and compared based on both standard strains and 55 clinical samples from humans as well as dogs. Various approaches were applied to interpret the multiplex LAMP reaction which deciphered a higher sensitivity when compared to the RT-qPCR for L. infantum (one copy number of plasmid, equal to 0.85 femtograms (fg) of plasmid concentration, and 0.004 parasite DNA per μL) detection while these three standard strains of Leishmania were confirmed to contain 40 DNA copies using RT-qPCR. Additionally, the multiplex LAMP detection limit was approximately equivalent to RT-qPCR for L. major and L. tropica, which included 0.342 picograms (pg) and 342 femtograms (fg) of plasmid concentration, 4 × 103 and 4 × 102 copy number of plasmid, and 17.1 and 1.71 parasite DNA per μL for L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Nested PCR exhibited a lower detection limit for L. infantum of 4 × 106 plasmid copy number compared to multiplex LAMP and RT-qPCR. Multiplex LAMP has the potential for accurate and rapid detection of infectious disease, successful treatment, and finding and monitoring asymptomatic cases, especially in low-income countries.

内脏利什曼病(VL)是一种被忽视的热带病,尽管它会导致严重的临床症状,其中一些会导致致命的后果。因此,有必要采用准确、快速和具体的诊断措施,以控制疾病并降低死亡率。我们旨在开发和验证一种多重LAMP检测方法,用于诊断婴儿利什曼原虫(L. infantum)引起的VL。此外,还进行了全面的评估,以确定多重LAMP识别各种利什曼原虫的有效性,例如热带利什曼原虫(L. tropica)和大利什曼原虫(L. major),并与幼利什曼原虫(L. infantum)进行比较。将多重LAMP法对VL的诊断性能与每个LAMP法、实时聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和巢式PCR技术进行比较。以ITS2 (internal transcriptionspacer II)为设计基础,根据保守区和高拷贝数区选择两个分离引物,进行多重LAMP实验。多重LAMP引物的设计使用可在https://www.primerexplorer.jp/e上获得的在线工具。使用MEGA5进行比对,并使用GENE Runner软件进一步调整引物。所有的分子方法对含有ITS区域的克隆质粒从婴儿乳杆菌、热带乳杆菌和主要乳杆菌的标准菌株进行了连续稀释试验。此外,基于标准菌株和55份人类和狗的临床样本,对多重LAMP法进行了评估和比较。采用多种方法对多重LAMP反应进行解释,与RT-qPCR相比,对婴儿乳杆菌(1个质粒拷贝数,等于0.85个质粒浓度,0.004个寄生虫DNA / μL)的检测具有更高的灵敏度,而对这3个利什曼原虫标准菌株进行RT-qPCR证实含有40个DNA拷贝。多重LAMP检测限与RT-qPCR近似,质粒浓度分别为0.342皮图(pg)和342飞图(fg),质粒拷贝数分别为4 × 103和4 × 102,每μL分别为17.1和1.71个寄生虫DNA。巢式PCR对婴儿乳杆菌的检出限为4 × 106个质粒拷贝数,低于多重LAMP和RT-qPCR。多效LAMP具有准确和快速发现传染病、成功治疗以及发现和监测无症状病例的潜力,特别是在低收入国家。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dengue Virus Circulation in the Rural Community, Handeni District in Tanga, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚坦噶汉德尼县农村社区登革热病毒流行及相关因素
4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5576300
Debora C. Kajeguka, Francis M. Mponela, Emmanuel Mkumbo, Anna N. Kaaya, Daniel Lasway, Robert D. Kaaya, Michael Alifrangis, Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Reginald Kavishe
Dengue virus is among the most important re-emerging arbovirus that causes global public health attention. Dengue has historically been thought of as an urban disease that frequently occurs in rapidly urbanized settings. However, dengue has become more widespread in rural regions in recent years. Understanding the changing dengue epidemiology in different geographical settings is important for targeted intervention. In Tanzania, dengue fever is not frequently reported because of the poor surveillance infrastructure, underestimation, and a lack of consideration of dengue as a priority. Therefore, the true burden as well as the risk factors for increased transmission has not been fully ascertained, particularly in rural areas. A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in June 2021, involving a total of 362 participants of all age groups. We investigated the prevalence of acute dengue infection, seroprevalence, and associated factors among the community in three villages of the rural Handeni district. The prevalence of acute dengue infection (based on PCR) was 2.2% (8/362). Dengue-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 3.3% (12/362) and 5.2% (19/362) of the participants, respectively. Adult participants who were having vegetation around their houses were more likely to be DENV seropositive (AOR = 2.4, CI = 1.88–4.18, p value = 0.05). Children living in houses with garbage pit around their households were less likely to be DENV seropositive (AOR = 0.13, CI = 0.03–0.56, p value <0.01). DENV continues to circulate in rural Tanzania, causes an alarming situation, and necessitates prompt public health action to enhance vector surveillance and control in rural communities.
登革热病毒是引起全球公共卫生关注的最重要的再发虫媒病毒之一。登革热历来被认为是一种城市疾病,经常发生在快速城市化的环境中。然而,近年来登革热在农村地区变得更为普遍。了解不同地理环境中登革热流行病学的变化对有针对性的干预措施很重要。在坦桑尼亚,由于监测基础设施薄弱、对登革热的估计不足以及未将登革热作为优先事项加以考虑,登革热不常被报告。因此,真正的负担以及增加传播的风险因素尚未完全确定,特别是在农村地区。2021年6月进行了一项以社区为基础的横断面研究,涉及所有年龄组的362名参与者。我们调查了Handeni农村地区三个村庄社区急性登革热感染的流行情况、血清阳性率和相关因素。急性登革热感染率(基于PCR)为2.2%(8/362)。登革热特异性IgM和IgG抗体检出率分别为3.3%(12/362)和5.2%(19/362)。房屋周围有植被的成年参与者更有可能出现DENV血清阳性(AOR = 2.4, CI = 1.88-4.18, p值= 0.05)。生活在家庭周围有垃圾坑的家庭的儿童DENV血清阳性的可能性较低(AOR = 0.13, CI = 0.03 ~ 0.56, p值<0.01)。DENV继续在坦桑尼亚农村传播,造成令人震惊的情况,需要迅速采取公共卫生行动,加强农村社区的病媒监测和控制。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Metabolite Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal. 尼泊尔药用植物抗氧化和抗炎活性评价及代谢物谱分析。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-11-03 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6641018
Amit Kumar Shrivastava, Muskan Keshari, Manisha Neupane, Sheshbhan Chaudhary, Purna Kala Dhakal, Laxmi Shrestha, Anjan Palikhey, Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav, Gopal Lamichhane, Mohammad Ujair Shekh, Rakesh Kumar Yadav

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antiarthritic, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from the leaves of twelve different medicinal plants in Nepal. We then evaluated the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of the extract using in-vitro assays and characterized it using GC-MS analysis. Results revealed that most of the leaf extracts contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Few plants also showed the presence of glycosides, phytate, and vitamin C. Among the studied plants, Neolamarckia cadamba exhibited the highest total phenolic and tannin contents, as 241.53 ± 0.20 µg of gallic acid equivalent/mg and 74.48 ± 1.081 µg of tannic acid equivalent/mg, respectively. Ipomoea batatas exhibited the highest total flavonoid content, as 53.051 ± 1.11 µg of quercetin equivalent/mg. Moreover, Raphanus sativus demonstrated significant ferrous ion chelating, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and total antioxidant activities with IC50 value of 4.76 ± 0.68 µg/mL, 5.84 ± 0.14 µg/mL, 6.89 ± 0.16 µg/mL, and 8.99 ± 0.20 µg/mL, respectively. Similarly, Colocasia esculenta and Cicer arietinum exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide scavenging activities, measuring IC50 value of 7.22 ± 0.56 µg/mL and 9.06 ± 0.10 µg/mL, respectively. Among all the extracts, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius displayed significant human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization activity (IC50 = 6.22 ± 0.78 µg/mL). Furthermore, Raphanus sativus, Chenopodium album, Cicer arietinum, and Murraya koenigii exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against protein denaturation with bovine serum albumin, antiarthritic, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and proteinase inhibitory, measuring IC50 of 7.48 ± 0.48 µg/mL, 9.44 ± 1.62 µg/mL, 14.67 ± 1.94 µg/mL, and 28.57 ± 2.39 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the twelve leaf extracts' significant antioxidant, antiarthritic, and anti-inflammatory activities.

本研究旨在评估尼泊尔12种不同药用植物叶片提取物的抗氧化、抗关节炎和抗炎特性。然后,我们用体外测定法评估了提取物的总酚、类黄酮和单宁含量,并用GC-MS分析对其进行了表征。结果表明,大部分叶提取物含有酚类化合物、黄酮类化合物、单宁、生物碱和皂苷。少数植物还含有糖苷、植酸盐和维生素c。在所研究的植物中,新木犀草的总酚和单宁含量最高,分别为241.53±0.20µg没食子酸当量/mg和74.48±1.081µg单宁酸当量/mg。其中,巴塔塔果总黄酮含量最高,为53.051±1.11µg槲皮素当量/mg。此外,Raphanus sativus具有显著的螯合铁离子、2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰肼、清除过氧化氢和总抗氧化活性,IC50值分别为4.76±0.68µg/mL、5.84±0.14µg/mL、6.89±0.16µg/mL和8.99±0.20µg/mL。同样,土甘蓝和西芹对羟基自由基和一氧化氮的清除活性最高,IC50值分别为7.22±0.56µg/mL和9.06±0.10µg/mL。其中,芍药魔芋的HRBC膜稳定活性显著(IC50 = 6.22±0.78µg/mL)。对牛血清白蛋白、抗关节炎、抑制脂氧合酶和抑制蛋白酶的IC50分别为7.48±0.48µg/mL、9.44±1.62µg/mL、14.67±1.94µg/mL和28.57±2.39µg/mL,其中莴苣(Raphanus sativus)、藜草(Chenopodium album)、西葫芦(Cicer arietinum)和锦鲤(Murraya koenigii)对蛋白质变性的抑制活性最高。综上所述,本研究证明了12种叶提取物具有显著的抗氧化、抗关节炎和抗炎活性。
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引用次数: 0
Coinfection with Schistosoma mansoni Enhances Disease Severity in Human African Trypanosomiasis. 非洲人类锥虫病与曼氏血吸虫合并感染提高疾病严重程度。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-11-03 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1063169
Nancy S Mitalo, Naomi N Waiganjo, John Mokua Mose, David O Bosire, James O Oula, Alfred Orina Isaac, James Nyabuga Nyariki

Introduction: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and schistosomiasis are neglected parasitic diseases found in the African continent. This study was conducted to determine how primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni affects HAT disease progression with a secondary infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r) in a mouse model.

Methods: Female BALB-c mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 mice each. The different groups were infected with Schistosoma mansoni (100 cercariae) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (5.0 × 104) separately or together. Twenty-one days after infection with T.b.r, mice were sacrificed and samples were collected for analysis.

Results: The primary infection with S. mansoni significantly enhanced successive infection by the T.b.r; consequently, promoting HAT disease severity and curtailing host survival time. T.b.r-induced impairment of the neurological integrity and breach of the blood-brain barrier were markedly pronounced on coinfection with S. mansoni. Coinfection with S. mansoni and T.b.r resulted in microcytic hypochromic anemia characterized by the suppression of RBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red cell indices. Moreover, coinfection of the mice with the two parasites resulted in leukocytosis which was accompanied by the elevation of basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. More importantly, coinfection resulted in a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and uric acid, which are the markers of liver and kidney damage. Meanwhile, S. mansoni-driven dyslipidemia was significantly enhanced by the coinfection of mice with T.b.r. Moreover, coinfection with S. mansoni and T.b.r led to a strong immune response characterized by a significant increase in serum TNF-α and IFN-γ. T.b.r infection enhanced S. mansoni-induced depletion of cellular-reduced glutathione (GSH) in the brain and liver tissues, indicative of lethal oxidative damage. Similarly, coinfection resulted in a significant rise in nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

Conclusion: Primary infection with S. mansoni exacerbates disease severity of secondary infection with T.b.r in a mouse model that is associated with harmful inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and organ injury.

非洲人类锥虫病和血吸虫病是在非洲大陆发现的被忽视的寄生虫病。本研究旨在确定小鼠模型中原发性感染曼氏血吸虫如何影响继发感染布氏罗得西亚锥虫(T.b.r)的HAT疾病进展。方法:6 ~ 8周龄BALB-c雌性小鼠随机分为4组,每组12只。各组分别感染曼氏血吸虫(100尾)和布氏罗得西亚锥虫(5.0 × 104)。感染结核杆菌21天后,处死小鼠,采集标本进行分析。结果:初次感染曼氏梭菌显著增强结核分枝杆菌的后续感染;因此,提高了HAT疾病的严重程度,缩短了宿主的生存时间。结核杆菌引起的神经完整性损伤和血脑屏障的破坏在与曼森氏杆菌合并感染时明显明显。mansoni和T.b.r的共同感染导致小细胞性低色素贫血,其特征是红细胞、红细胞压积、血红蛋白和红细胞指数的抑制。此外,两种寄生虫共同感染小鼠导致白细胞增多,并伴有嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的升高。更重要的是,合并感染导致丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素、肌酐、尿素和尿酸显著升高,这些指标是肝肾损害的标志。与此同时,曼森氏杆菌引起的血脂异常明显增强,曼森氏杆菌和t.b.r.同时感染小鼠可引起强烈的免疫反应,其特征是血清TNF-α和IFN-γ显著升高。结核杆菌感染增强了S. mansoni诱导的脑和肝组织中细胞还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)的消耗,表明致命的氧化损伤。同样,合并感染导致一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高。结论:在与有害炎症反应、氧化应激和器官损伤相关的小鼠模型中,原发性感染曼氏梭菌会加重继发性感染T.b.r的疾病严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Tropical Medicine
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