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Diversity and Species Composition of Midgut Symbiotic Bacteria in Culex quinquefasciatus Mosquitoes in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. 斯里兰卡甘帕哈地区库蚊中肠共生细菌的多样性和物种组成
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1832200
Randi Hathnagoda, Pinidi Gunathilake, Thilini Buddhinee, Pabasara Welgama, Hasini Gunarathna, Harshani Perera, Koshila Ranasinghe

Mosquitoes, notorious for their deadly impact as disease vectors, also hold economic value owing to their roles in disease transmission. The present study focuses on the importance of understanding mosquito gut microbiota for implementing innovative vector control strategies, thereby mitigating disease transmission. The study was conducted in the Gampaha Medical Office of Health (MOH) area of Sri Lanka with the focus of elucidating the microbial diversity within the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus, a crucial step to support ongoing paratransgenesis efforts. Sampling was performed by utilizing standard mosquito sampling techniques and their midgut homogenates were plated on Plate Count Agar to isolate bacteria, which were then identified through biochemical tests. Subsequently, the most abundant bacterial families were subjected to DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and gene sequencing for species identification. The study revealed the presence of four bacterial families (Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Moraxellaceae) in adult mosquitoes, while larvae harbored an additional family, Micrococcaceae. Interestingly, the relative distribution of midgut bacteria varied significantly among field-caught larval and adult strains from different study areas (chi-square = 1.673; P < 0.05), indicating similar bacterial flora across mosquito life stages and geographical locations. Of particular interest is the identification of Lysinibacillus sphaericus, a bacterium with potential for paratransgenesis applications. Given the high mosquito density in the study area, leveraging paratransgenesis for Cx. quinquefasciatus control is recommended. Furthermore, insights into gut microbes could inform the integration of gut microflora from modified strains into existing Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) approaches in Sri Lanka.

蚊子是臭名昭著的致命病媒,但由于其在疾病传播中的作用,也具有经济价值。本研究的重点是了解蚊子肠道微生物群对实施创新病媒控制策略的重要性,从而减少疾病传播。这项研究在斯里兰卡甘帕哈卫生医疗办公室(MOH)地区进行,重点是阐明五带喙库蚊中肠微生物的多样性,这是支持正在进行的副传代工作的关键一步。利用标准的蚊子取样技术进行取样,将它们的中肠匀浆培养在平板计数琼脂上以分离细菌,然后通过生化测试进行鉴定。随后,对数量最多的细菌家族进行 DNA 提取、PCR 扩增和基因测序,以确定物种。研究发现,成蚊体内存在四个细菌科(葡萄球菌科、链球菌科、奈瑟氏菌科和莫拉菌科),而幼虫体内则有一个细菌科,即小球菌科。有趣的是,中肠细菌的相对分布在不同研究地区的野外捕获幼虫和成蚊菌株之间有显著差异(chi-square = 1.673; P < 0.05),表明蚊子不同生命阶段和不同地理位置的细菌群相似。尤其令人感兴趣的是,发现了一种具有副基因应用潜力的细菌--Lysinibacillus sphaericus。鉴于研究地区的蚊子密度很高,建议利用副转化技术来控制五步蛇。此外,对肠道微生物的了解可以为将改良菌株的肠道微生物菌群纳入斯里兰卡现有的昆虫不育技术(SIT)和昆虫不相容技术(IIT)方法提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola Stem Bark against Heligmosomoides polygyrus: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Khaya grandifoliola 茎皮乙醇提取物和水提取物对 Heligmosomoides polygyrus 的驱虫活性:体外和硅学方法。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6735764
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, Mahdi Yaghoobi, Yamssi Cédric, Masoud Besati, Yungong Misparine Kiki, Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki, Mounvera Abdel Azizi, Vincent Khan Payne, Haibo Hu
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parasitic infection remains a serious health trade for humans and livestock. The purpose of this study was to present scientific proof of the anthelmintic properties of <i>Khaya grandifoliola</i>, which the native population uses to cure helminthiasis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fresh <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> eggs were isolated from faecal samples of experimentally infected mice. The faecal material was cultured, and L1 and L2 larval stages were recovered after 48 and 120 hours, respectively. Using the worm microtracker, the anthelminthic efficacy of the extracts against <i>H. polygyrus</i> was assessed. Two different extracts (aqueous and ethanol extracts) were prepared. For the ovicidal and larvicidal activities, 100 <i>µ</i>L of various concentrations of plant extracts, levamisole and 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were introduced into a 96-well microplate titer followed by the addition of 100 <i>µ</i>L of embryonated eggs (60 eggs) for the ovicidal activity and 100 <i>µ</i>L of <i>L</i> <sub>1</sub> or <i>L</i> <sub>2</sub> larvae (50 larvae) for the larvicidal activity. The movement of the worm was monitored for 24 hours in the worm microtracker at 27°C. The Glide module of the Schrodinger Maestro software was used to perform docking studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the aqueous extracts, the highest percentage of inhibition of hatching was 42.77 ± 12% at 7.5 mg/mL. The IC<sub>50</sub> values for the ethanol (0.36 mg/mL) extract showed that the ethanol extract had a good inhibitory effect on the ability of parasites to hatch from eggs. The inhibition percentage of L1 larvae motility at 7.5 mg/mL was 98.0 ± 1.66% and 83.33 ± 1.66% for ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The negative controls, distilled water and 1.5% DMSO, had no inhibitory impact on larvae. On L1-larvae, the drug of choice levamisole (positive control) had the highest percentage effect (100.0%). Six compounds had the highest docking score and their interactions with the receptor as well. Grandiamide A interacts most with tyrosine, glycine, phenylalanine, asparagine, and serine, and its benzene ring and oxygens inhibit these receptors. Carbonyl and hydroxyl (OH) groups connect grandiamide D to asparagine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, respectively. By donating hydrogen to the receptor through OH groups, D-glucopyranose-6-phosphate also forms relatively strong hydrogen bonds with its oxygen-bound phosphorus and the receptor. 1-O-deacetylkhayanolide E interacts most with serine and glutamic acid. The carbamic acid benzyl ester of carbamic acid [(1S)-1-phenyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl) sulfinyl] ethyl] interacts most with the receptor with carbonyl groups and with asparagine and serine. With its abundant hydroxide, D-mannitol acts as a hydrogen donor and acceptor and interacts most strongly with amino acids such as glycine, asparagine, aspartic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>K. gr
背景:寄生虫感染仍然是人类和牲畜的严重健康问题。本研究的目的是提供科学证据,证明卡亚树(Khaya grandifoliola)具有驱虫特性,当地人用它来治疗蠕虫病:方法:从实验感染小鼠的粪便样本中分离出新鲜的Heligmosomoides polygyrus虫卵。对粪便材料进行培养,分别在 48 小时和 120 小时后回收 L1 和 L2 幼虫。使用蠕虫微追踪器评估了提取物对多角体虫的驱虫效果。制备了两种不同的提取物(水提取物和乙醇提取物)。在进行杀卵和杀幼虫试验时,先将 100 µL 不同浓度的植物提取物、左旋咪唑和 1.5% 二甲基亚砜(DMSO)加入 96 孔微孔滴定板中,然后加入 100 µL 胚胎卵(60 个卵)进行杀卵试验,再加入 100 µL L 1 或 L 2 幼虫(50 只幼虫)进行杀幼虫试验。蠕虫在 27°C 的蠕虫微跟踪器中移动了 24 小时。使用 Schrodinger Maestro 软件的 Glide 模块进行对接研究:水提取物在 7.5 毫克/毫升时对孵化的抑制率最高,为 42.77 ± 12%。乙醇提取物(0.36 毫克/毫升)的 IC50 值表明,乙醇提取物对寄生虫从卵中孵化的能力有很好的抑制作用。在 7.5 mg/mL 的浓度下,乙醇提取物和水提取物对 L1 幼虫运动的抑制率分别为 98.0 ± 1.66% 和 83.33 ± 1.66%。阴性对照组蒸馏水和 1.5% DMSO 对幼虫没有抑制作用。对 L1 幼虫,首选药物左旋咪唑(阳性对照)的抑制率最高(100.0%)。六种化合物的对接得分最高,它们与受体的相互作用也最高。格兰酰胺 A 与酪氨酸、甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬酰胺和丝氨酸的相互作用最强,其苯环和氧原子对这些受体有抑制作用。羰基和羟基(OH)基团分别将格兰酰胺 D 与天冬酰胺、异亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸连接起来。通过 OH 基团向受体捐献氢,D-吡喃葡萄糖-6-磷酸与其氧结合磷和受体也形成相对较强的氢键。1-O-deacetylkhayanolide E 与丝氨酸和谷氨酸的相互作用最大。氨基甲酸的氨基甲酸苄酯[(1S)-1-苯基-2-[(4-甲基苯基)亚磺酰]乙基]与受体的羰基以及天冬酰胺和丝氨酸的相互作用最强。D-mannitol 含有丰富的氢氧化物,可作为氢供体和受体,与甘氨酸、天冬酰胺、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸等氨基酸的相互作用最为强烈:结论:K. grandifoliola 提取物具有驱虫特性。结论:大叶黄杨萃取物具有抗蠕虫特性,但仍需进行体内研究,以证明这种植物在治疗蠕虫病方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Urine POC-CCA Test Accuracy in the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 评估尿液 POC-CCA 检测曼氏血吸虫感染的准确性:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5531687
Getaneh Alemu, Endalkachew Nibret

Background: Schistosomiasis is a common public health problem throughout the world and Schistosoma mansoni is the most prevalent species in Africa. Most endemic countries use the Kato-Katz (KK) stool smear examination for diagnosis, mapping, and monitoring of intervention programs. However, its poor sensitivity calls for an urgency to evaluate and use more accurate diagnostic tools, of which detection of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine seems promising.

Methods: Studies published until May 2022 were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and grey literature for systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline. Eligible studies were selected based on preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane Q test and I 2 test statistics. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and Meta-DiSc 1.4 software programs.

Results: Thirty-seven studies published in 29 papers and enrolling 21159 study participants were included for analysis. Overall analysis of Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test against KK reference standard revealed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.85-0.87) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.65-0.67), respectively. Subgroup analysis among 24 studies comparing single POC-CCA with test single KK revealed a high sensitivity (0.88) but low specificity (0.66). Based on findings of 24 studies, the area under the curve (AUC) for the systematic receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.7805, indicating that the POC-CCA test effectively separates those with the disease from those who do not have it. Higher sensitivity estimates of 0.93 and 0.90 were reported when comparisons were made between test results of 2 urine and 1 stool samples, and 3 urine and 3 stool samples, respectively. Single POC-CCA test resulted in a pooled sensitivity estimate of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78-0.84) as evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reference test.

Conclusions: The POC-CCA test has higher sensitivity than KK and may serve as a routine diagnostic alternative for disease diagnosis, mapping, and monitoring of interventions. However, its accuracy should further be evaluated at different transmission settings and infection intensity.

背景:血吸虫病是全世界常见的公共卫生问题,曼氏血吸虫是非洲最流行的血吸虫病种。大多数血吸虫病流行国家使用卡托-卡茨(KK)粪便涂片检查法进行诊断、绘图和监测干预计划。然而,其灵敏度较低,因此迫切需要评估和使用更准确的诊断工具,其中检测尿液中的循环阴性抗原(CCA)似乎很有前景:方法:按照PRISMA指南,从PubMed、谷歌学术和灰色文献中检索2022年5月之前发表的研究,进行系统综述和荟萃分析。根据预设的纳入和排除标准筛选出符合条件的研究。采用 QUADAS-2 工具对纳入研究的质量进行评估。研究之间的异质性采用 Cochrane Q 检验和 I 2 检验统计进行评估。数据使用 Review Manager 5.4.1 和 Meta-DiSc 1.4 软件进行分析:结果:共纳入了 29 篇论文中发表的 37 项研究,21159 名研究参与者参与了分析。对护理点循环阴道抗原(POC-CCA)检测与 KK 参考标准的总体分析表明,汇总的敏感性和特异性分别为 0.86(95% CI:0.85-0.87)和 0.66(95% CI:0.65-0.67)。对比较单一 POC-CCA 和单一 KK 检测的 24 项研究进行分组分析后发现,两者的灵敏度较高(0.88),但特异性较低(0.66)。根据 24 项研究的结果,系统接收者操作特征曲线(SROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)为 0.7805,表明 POC-CCA 检验能有效区分患病者和未患病者。在对 2 份尿液样本和 1 份粪便样本以及 3 份尿液样本和 3 份粪便样本的检测结果进行比较时,灵敏度估计值分别为 0.93 和 0.90。根据聚合酶链反应(PCR)参考测试的评估,单次 POC-CCA 检验的集合灵敏度估计值为 0.81(95% CI:0.78-0.84):结论:POC-CCA 检验的灵敏度高于 KK,可作为疾病诊断、绘图和干预监测的常规诊断替代方法。不过,其准确性还需在不同的传播环境和感染强度下进一步评估。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Urine POC-CCA Test Accuracy in the Detection of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Getaneh Alemu, Endalkachew Nibret","doi":"10.1155/2024/5531687","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5531687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schistosomiasis is a common public health problem throughout the world and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> is the most prevalent species in Africa. Most endemic countries use the Kato-Katz (KK) stool smear examination for diagnosis, mapping, and monitoring of intervention programs. However, its poor sensitivity calls for an urgency to evaluate and use more accurate diagnostic tools, of which detection of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine seems promising.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies published until May 2022 were searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and grey literature for systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline. Eligible studies were selected based on preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Cochrane <i>Q</i> test and <i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> test statistics. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and Meta-DiSc 1.4 software programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven studies published in 29 papers and enrolling 21159 study participants were included for analysis. Overall analysis of Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) test against KK reference standard revealed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.85-0.87) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.65-0.67), respectively. Subgroup analysis among 24 studies comparing single POC-CCA with test single KK revealed a high sensitivity (0.88) but low specificity (0.66). Based on findings of 24 studies, the area under the curve (AUC) for the systematic receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.7805, indicating that the POC-CCA test effectively separates those with the disease from those who do not have it. Higher sensitivity estimates of 0.93 and 0.90 were reported when comparisons were made between test results of 2 urine and 1 stool samples, and 3 urine and 3 stool samples, respectively. Single POC-CCA test resulted in a pooled sensitivity estimate of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78-0.84) as evaluated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reference test.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The POC-CCA test has higher sensitivity than KK and may serve as a routine diagnostic alternative for disease diagnosis, mapping, and monitoring of interventions. However, its accuracy should further be evaluated at different transmission settings and infection intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5531687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens from Community-Acquired Pneumonia at Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚阿达玛医学院阿达玛医院社区获得性肺炎细菌病原体的分离和抗菌药耐药性模式。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8710163
Feyissa Hamde, Bayissa Chala, Mesfin Bekele, Abebe Mekuria Shenkutie, Rajiha Abubeker, Ketema Tafess

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It also contributes significantly to hospital admissions, particularly in low-income countries such as Ethiopia, where it accounts for major public health problems. This could be attributed to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in CAP patients. This study aimed to identify and assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial isolates from CAP patients at the Adama Hospital Medical College in Adama City, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 10, 2022, to November 30, 2023. Demographic, clinical data, and sputum samples were collected from patients with CAP (n = 369). Sputum samples were subjected to standard microbiological procedures, including culture, Gram staining, and a panel of different biochemical tests for the identification of pathogenic bacterial isolates. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for drug susceptibility testing. Descriptive statistics were computed by using SPSS (version 26). Of the 369 patients with CAP, bacterial pathogens were identified in 31.7% (n = 117, 95% CI: 27.0%-36.7%). The most common isolates were Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 15; 12.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15; 12.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12; 10.3%), Escherichia coli (n = 11; 9.4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 11; 9.4%), Enterobacter species (n = 11; 9.4%), and Citrobacter species (n = 11; 9.4%). Among the identified isolates, resistance rates were high in Enterobacteriaceae, followed by Gram-positive bacteria, and non-Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, 68 (58.1%) of the identified bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with K. pneumoniae accounting for the highest proportion of multidrug resistant isolates (91.7%), while P. aeruginosa accounted for the lowest proportion (9.1%) of MDR isolates. This study revealed a high prevalence (31.7%) of bacterial pathogens in CAP patients and higher (58.1%) MDR bacterial pathogens. Therefore, regular surveillance and monitoring systems are warranted for assessing predominant pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns.

社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。它也是导致入院治疗的重要原因,尤其是在埃塞俄比亚等低收入国家,它是主要的公共卫生问题。这可能是由于 CAP 患者中抗生素耐药病原体的流行率越来越高。本研究旨在确定和评估埃塞俄比亚阿达玛市阿达玛医院医学院 CAP 患者细菌分离物的抗生素耐药性模式。这项横断面研究于 2022 年 11 月 10 日至 2023 年 11 月 30 日进行。研究人员收集了 CAP 患者(369 人)的人口统计学、临床数据和痰液样本。痰样本经过标准微生物学程序处理,包括培养、革兰氏染色和一系列不同的生化检验,以鉴定病原菌分离物。药敏试验采用柯比-鲍尔盘扩散法。使用 SPSS(26 版)计算描述性统计。在 369 名 CAP 患者中,31.7%(n = 117,95% CI:27.0%-36.7%)的患者鉴定出了细菌病原体。最常见的分离菌为白喉摩拉菌(n = 15;12.8%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(n = 15;12.8%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(n = 12;10.3%)、大肠埃希菌(n = 11;9.4%)、铜绿假单胞菌(n = 11;9.4%)、肠杆菌(n = 11;9.4%)和枸橼酸杆菌(n = 11;9.4%)。在已确定的分离株中,肠杆菌科细菌的耐药率较高,其次是革兰氏阳性菌和非肠杆菌科细菌。总体而言,68 株(58.1%)鉴定出的细菌分离物具有多重耐药性(MDR),其中肺炎克氏菌占多重耐药性分离物的比例最高(91.7%),而铜绿假单胞菌占多重耐药性分离物的比例最低(9.1%)。本研究显示,CAP 患者中细菌病原体的流行率较高(31.7%),耐多药细菌病原体的流行率较高(58.1%)。因此,有必要建立定期监测和监控系统,以评估主要病原体和抗生素耐药性模式。
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引用次数: 0
In Vitro Anthelmintic Activities of Khaya anthotheca and Faidherbia albida Extracts Used in Chad by Traditional Healers for the Treatment of Helminthiasis and In Silico Study of Phytoconstituents. 乍得传统医士用于治疗螺旋体病的 Khaya anthotheca 和 Faidherbia albida 提取物的体外驱虫活性以及植物成分的硅学研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-28 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8564163
Baigomen Christalin, Masoud Besati, Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, Mahdi Yaghoobi, Yamssi Cédric, Claire Ciancia, Mounvera Abdel Azizi, Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand, Vincent Khan Payne, Haibo Hu
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helminthiasis is endemic in Chad and constitutes a public health problem, particularly among school-age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of extracts of <i>Khaya anthotheca</i> and <i>Faidherbia albida</i> used in Chad by traditional healers for the treatment of helminthiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The anthelmintic activity was assessed against <i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus</i> and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> larvae using the Worm Microtracker. Embryonated eggs, L1, L2, and L3 larvae of <i>H. polygyrus</i> were obtained after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days of coproculture and L4 larvae of <i>C. elegans</i> culture using standard procedures. One hundred microliters of extracts at various concentrations, with albendazole and distilled water were, put in contact with 100 <i>µ</i>L of <i>H. polygyrus</i> suspension (containing 50 parasites at various developmental stages) in a microplate and incubated for 20 h at 25°C in the Worm Microtracker. The same procedure was adopted for <i>C. elegans</i>, but with 180 <i>µ</i>L of OP50. 19 <i>µ</i>L of <i>C. elegans</i> suspension (containing 50 larvae) was put in contact with 1 <i>µ</i>L of extract at various concentrations and incubated in the Worm Microtracker. Docking studies were carried out using the Schrodinger Maestro software's Glide module. The score function in the software was used to rank and group distinct possible adduct structures generated by molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of <i>F. albida</i> at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL showed the same activity as albendazole (100 ± 0.00) on hatching. The IC50s of the aqueous extracts of the two plants (IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.6212 mg/mL and 0.71 mg/mL, respectively) were comparable on egg hatching of <i>H. polygyrus</i> with no significant difference (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.05) with respect to the ethanol extracts (IC<sub>50</sub>: 0.70 mg/mL and 0.81 mg/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference between the percentage inhibition of extracts and albendazole on the L1 larvae of <i>H. polygyrus</i> (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.05). The aqueous extracts acted more effectively than the ethanol extracts on the L1 larvae of <i>H. polygyrus</i> with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.5588 and ∼9.858<i>e</i> - 005 mg/ml, respectively, for <i>K. anthotheca</i> and <i>F. albida</i>. The aqueous extracts of <i>K. anthotheca</i> and <i>F. albida</i> on L3 larvae of <i>H. polygyrus</i> had inhibitory percentages of 92.6 ± 0.62 and 91.37 ± 0.8 at 2.5 mg/mL which were lower than albendazole (100 ± 0.00). The aqueous extracts of <i>K. anthotheca</i> and <i>F. albida</i> on <i>C. elegance</i> showed IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.2775 <i>µ</i>g/mL and 0.5115 <i>µ</i>g/mL, respectively, and were more effective than the ethanol extracts. Examining <i>K. anthotheca</i> and <i>F. albida</i> through the interaction with the protein receptor and its results also confirmed our assumption
背景:蠕虫病是乍得的地方病,是一个公共卫生问题,尤其是在学龄儿童中。本研究的目的是评估乍得传统医士用于治疗蠕虫病的卡亚花和白花蛇舌草提取物的驱虫活性:方法:使用蠕虫微追踪器评估了对多钩绦虫(Heligmosomoides polygyrus)和秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)幼虫的驱虫活性。采用标准程序,分别在共培养 24 小时、48 小时和 7 天后获得多棘鲷的胚胎卵、L1、L2 和 L3 幼虫,并培养秀丽隐杆线虫的 L4 幼虫。将 100 微升不同浓度的萃取液与阿苯达唑和蒸馏水一起放入微孔板中,与 100 微升多角体螺悬浮液(含 50 只处于不同发育阶段的寄生虫)接触,然后在虫体微跟踪仪中于 25°C 孵育 20 小时。对 elegans 采用相同的程序,但使用 180 µL OP50。将 19 µL 的秀丽隐杆线虫悬浮液(含 50 只幼虫)与 1 µL 不同浓度的提取物接触,并在 Worm Microtracker 中培养。对接研究使用 Schrodinger Maestro 软件的 Glide 模块进行。软件中的评分功能用于对分子对接产生的可能加合物结构进行排序和分组:浓度为 2.5 mg/mL 的白僵菌水提取物和乙醇提取物对孵化的活性与阿苯达唑(100 ± 0.00)相同。两种植物的水提取物(IC50:分别为 0.6212 毫克/毫升和 0.71 毫克/毫升)与乙醇提取物(IC50:分别为 0.70 毫克/毫升和 0.81 毫克/毫升)对多角体蝇卵孵化的 IC50 值相当,无显著差异(p ≥ 0.05)。提取物和阿苯达唑对多刺鱼 L1 幼虫的抑制率无明显差异(p ≥ 0.05)。水提取物比乙醇提取物对多刺鱼 L1 幼虫的作用更有效,对 K. anthotheca 和 F. albida 的 IC50 分别为 0.5588 和 ∼9.858e - 005 mg/ml。K. anthotheca 和 F. albida 的水提取物对多刺鱼 L3 幼虫的抑制率分别为 92.6 ± 0.62 和 91.37 ± 0.8(2.5 毫克/毫升),低于阿苯达唑(100 ± 0.00)。K. anthotheca 和 F. albida 的水提取物对优雅 C. 的 IC50 分别为 0.2775 µg/mL 和 0.5115 µg/mL,比乙醇提取物更有效。通过与蛋白质受体的相互作用研究 K. anthotheca 和 F. albida,其结果也证实了我们的假设,即所使用的化合物具有羟基、羰基以及芳香环,并以更特殊的方式接触到酚类和黄酮类基团,显示出更好的抑制效果:这项研究从科学角度验证了这两种植物的提取物可用于螺旋体病的传统治疗。然而,有必要对体内抗蠕虫活性和毒性进行评估。研究这些化合物的 ADME 特性也支持了这些配体转化为药物形式的潜力。
{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Anthelmintic Activities of <i>Khaya anthotheca</i> and <i>Faidherbia albida</i> Extracts Used in Chad by Traditional Healers for the Treatment of Helminthiasis and <i>In Silico</i> Study of Phytoconstituents.","authors":"Baigomen Christalin, Masoud Besati, Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia, Mahdi Yaghoobi, Yamssi Cédric, Claire Ciancia, Mounvera Abdel Azizi, Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand, Vincent Khan Payne, Haibo Hu","doi":"10.1155/2024/8564163","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8564163","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Helminthiasis is endemic in Chad and constitutes a public health problem, particularly among school-age children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of extracts of &lt;i&gt;Khaya anthotheca&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Faidherbia albida&lt;/i&gt; used in Chad by traditional healers for the treatment of helminthiasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The anthelmintic activity was assessed against &lt;i&gt;Heligmosomoides polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Caenorhabditis elegans&lt;/i&gt; larvae using the Worm Microtracker. Embryonated eggs, L1, L2, and L3 larvae of &lt;i&gt;H. polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; were obtained after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days of coproculture and L4 larvae of &lt;i&gt;C. elegans&lt;/i&gt; culture using standard procedures. One hundred microliters of extracts at various concentrations, with albendazole and distilled water were, put in contact with 100 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;L of &lt;i&gt;H. polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; suspension (containing 50 parasites at various developmental stages) in a microplate and incubated for 20 h at 25°C in the Worm Microtracker. The same procedure was adopted for &lt;i&gt;C. elegans&lt;/i&gt;, but with 180 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;L of OP50. 19 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;L of &lt;i&gt;C. elegans&lt;/i&gt; suspension (containing 50 larvae) was put in contact with 1 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;L of extract at various concentrations and incubated in the Worm Microtracker. Docking studies were carried out using the Schrodinger Maestro software's Glide module. The score function in the software was used to rank and group distinct possible adduct structures generated by molecular docking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of &lt;i&gt;F. albida&lt;/i&gt; at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL showed the same activity as albendazole (100 ± 0.00) on hatching. The IC50s of the aqueous extracts of the two plants (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;: 0.6212 mg/mL and 0.71 mg/mL, respectively) were comparable on egg hatching of &lt;i&gt;H. polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; with no significant difference (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≥ 0.05) with respect to the ethanol extracts (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;: 0.70 mg/mL and 0.81 mg/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference between the percentage inhibition of extracts and albendazole on the L1 larvae of &lt;i&gt;H. polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; ≥ 0.05). The aqueous extracts acted more effectively than the ethanol extracts on the L1 larvae of &lt;i&gt;H. polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 0.5588 and ∼9.858&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt; - 005 mg/ml, respectively, for &lt;i&gt;K. anthotheca&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;F. albida&lt;/i&gt;. The aqueous extracts of &lt;i&gt;K. anthotheca&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;F. albida&lt;/i&gt; on L3 larvae of &lt;i&gt;H. polygyrus&lt;/i&gt; had inhibitory percentages of 92.6 ± 0.62 and 91.37 ± 0.8 at 2.5 mg/mL which were lower than albendazole (100 ± 0.00). The aqueous extracts of &lt;i&gt;K. anthotheca&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;F. albida&lt;/i&gt; on &lt;i&gt;C. elegance&lt;/i&gt; showed IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 0.2775 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL and 0.5115 &lt;i&gt;µ&lt;/i&gt;g/mL, respectively, and were more effective than the ethanol extracts. Examining &lt;i&gt;K. anthotheca&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;F. albida&lt;/i&gt; through the interaction with the protein receptor and its results also confirmed our assumption ","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8564163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Retrospective Review of Neglected Tropical Diseases Diagnosed on Histopathological Specimens in the Free State Province, South Africa, 2015-2020. 2015-2020年南非自由州省组织病理学标本诊断出的被忽视热带病回顾性研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5076288
Danita Linda le Grange, She'neze Fatima Pillay, Liska Budding, Cornel van Rooyen, Jacqueline Goedhals

Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a heterogeneous group of medical conditions that commonly occur in underprivileged populations. NTDs are primarily diagnosed in tropical areas. Although South Africa is not situated in a tropical region, the high poverty rate makes the country susceptible to some NTDs. Limited data are available on the burden of NTDs in the Free State province of South Africa. This study aimed to determine the number of NTDs diagnosed on histopathological specimens in the public sector of the Free State province over a six-year period and to evaluate the patient demographics.

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was performed. All NTDs diagnosed in histopathological specimens from public sector hospitals in the province submitted to the Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of the Free State between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2020 were included in the study. The demographic information, biopsy site, and referring hospital were noted for each case identified.

Results: A total of 72 NTDs were diagnosed. The five most common diagnoses were echinococcosis (n = 33; 45.8%), bilharzia (n = 13; 18.1%), leprosy (n = 9; 12.5%), mycetoma (n = 8; 11.1%), and intestinal worms (n = 5; 6.9%). Ten (30.3%) patients diagnosed with echinococcosis came from the Free State's neighbouring country, Lesotho.

Conclusion: Echinococcosis was the most prevalent NTD diagnosed in central South Africa. We recommend that the South African Department of Health add echinococcosis to the principal NTDs of significance in South Africa, alongside soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, leprosy, and rabies.

背景:被忽视的热带疾病(NTDs)是一类常见于贫困人群的疾病。NTD 主要在热带地区确诊。虽然南非不在热带地区,但由于贫困率较高,因此很容易患上某些 NTD。有关南非自由州省非传染性疾病负担的数据十分有限。本研究旨在确定六年来在自由州省公共部门通过组织病理学标本确诊的 NTD 数量,并评估患者的人口统计学特征:方法:我们进行了一项回顾性、描述性研究。研究纳入了2015年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间该省公立医院提交给解剖病理部、国家卫生实验室服务部和自由州大学的所有经组织病理标本诊断的非小细胞肺结核。研究人员记录了每个病例的人口统计学信息、活检部位和转诊医院:结果:共诊断出 72 例 NTD。最常见的五种诊断为棘球蚴病(33 人;45.8%)、血吸虫病(13 人;18.1%)、麻风病(9 人;12.5%)、霉菌瘤(8 人;11.1%)和肠道蠕虫病(5 人;6.9%)。10名(30.3%)确诊为棘球蚴病的患者来自自由邦的邻国莱索托:结论:棘球蚴病是南非中部地区确诊的最常见的非传染性疾病。我们建议南非卫生部将棘球蚴病与土壤传播的蠕虫病、血吸虫病、麻风病和狂犬病一起列入南非主要的重要非传染性疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Nature's Solution to Aedes Vectors: Toxorhynchites as a Biocontrol Agent. 伊蚊病媒的自然解决方案:作为生物控制剂的毒蝇。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3529261
Punya Ram Sukupayo, Ram Chandra Poudel, Tirth Raj Ghimire

This review summarizes the predatory potential of Toxorhynchites mosquitoes as biological control agents for Aedes vectors. A single larva can consume hundreds of mosquito larvae during its development, with preference for larger prey and higher consumption rates at higher prey densities. Studies suggest Toxorhynchites can significantly reduce Aedes populations. Beyond direct predation, they may indirectly influence prey behavior and adult mosquito lifespan. Despite the demonstrably positive effects of Toxorhynchites species as biocontrol agents, there are acknowledged limitations that require further investigation. These limitations include potential variations in effectiveness across diverse habitats and mosquito developmental stages. Additionally, long-term ecological sustainability and potential ramifications warrant further research. Future efforts should prioritize optimizing rearing and release strategies to enhance effectiveness. Exploring the potential for combined control methods with other biocontrol agents or traditional methods is also crucial. Finally, investigating the influence of environmental factors on predation rates can further refine and optimize the application of Toxorhynchites in mosquito control programs.

这篇综述总结了毒蚊作为伊蚊媒介生物控制剂的捕食潜力。一只幼虫在发育过程中可吞噬数百只蚊子幼虫,并偏好较大的猎物,在猎物密度较高时吞噬率也较高。研究表明,Toxorhynchites 能显著减少伊蚊的数量。除了直接捕食外,它们还可能间接影响猎物的行为和成蚊的寿命。尽管 Toxorhynchites 物种作为生物控制剂具有明显的积极作用,但也存在公认的局限性,需要进一步研究。这些局限性包括在不同的栖息地和蚊子发育阶段,效果可能会有差异。此外,长期生态可持续性和潜在影响也需要进一步研究。未来的工作应优先优化饲养和释放策略,以提高有效性。探索与其他生物控制剂或传统方法相结合的控制方法的潜力也至关重要。最后,调查环境因素对捕食率的影响可以进一步完善和优化 Toxorhynchites 在蚊虫控制项目中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tanzania: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 坦桑尼亚的乙型肝炎病毒感染流行率:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4178240
Semvua B Kilonzo, Igembe Nkandala, Ladius Rudovick, Hyasinta M Jaka, Mariam M Mirambo, Stephen E Mshana, Violet D Kajogoo, Elichilia R Shao

Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for studies conducted up to March 1, 2023, that estimated the prevalence of HBV in Tanzania based on HBV surface antigen measurements. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of HBV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were also investigated.

Results: Thirty-one studies with a total sample size of 37,988 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall average HBV prevalence estimate in Tanzania was 6.91% (95% CI = 5.18-8.86%). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence in the northern zone (9.32%, 95% CI; 2.24-20.36%), among the blood donors (18.72%, 95% CI: 17.43-20.05%) and among the community volunteers (8.76%, 95% CI: 4.55-14.15%). The lowest prevalence was observed in the lake zone at 4.66% (95% CI: 3.49-5.99) and in pregnant women at 4.72% (95% CI: 3.42-6.21). The overall between-study variability showed significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 97.41%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Our results showed that Tanzania is a country with moderately high HBV endemicity, with large interregional differences and significantly high numbers of HBV infections within the community. This underscores the need for immediate development of targeted prevention strategies and further epidemiological studies to better understand the pattern of the disease.

研究方法我们在 PubMed、Web of Science、African Journals Online、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 Google Scholar 数据库中系统检索了截至 2023 年 3 月 1 日根据 HBV 表面抗原测量结果估计坦桑尼亚 HBV 感染率的研究。采用 DerSimonian-Laird 随机效应模型估算 HBV 的总体流行率及 95% 置信区间 (CI)。研究还调查了异质性的潜在来源:荟萃分析共纳入 31 项研究,样本量共计 37,988 份。坦桑尼亚的 HBV 感染率总平均估计值为 6.91%(95% CI = 5.18-8.86%)。分组分析显示,北部地区(9.32%,95% CI;2.24-20.36%)、献血者(18.72%,95% CI:17.43-20.05%)和社区志愿者(8.76%,95% CI:4.55-14.15%)的感染率最高。湖区的发病率最低,为 4.66%(95% CI:3.49-5.99),孕妇的发病率最低,为 4.72%(95% CI:3.42-6.21)。研究间的总体差异显示出显著的异质性(I 2 = 97.41%,P < 0.001):我们的研究结果表明,坦桑尼亚是一个 HBV 中度流行的国家,地区间差异较大,社区内 HBV 感染人数明显偏高。这突出表明,有必要立即制定有针对性的预防策略,并开展进一步的流行病学研究,以更好地了解该疾病的模式。
{"title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tanzania: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Semvua B Kilonzo, Igembe Nkandala, Ladius Rudovick, Hyasinta M Jaka, Mariam M Mirambo, Stephen E Mshana, Violet D Kajogoo, Elichilia R Shao","doi":"10.1155/2024/4178240","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4178240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for studies conducted up to March 1, 2023, that estimated the prevalence of HBV in Tanzania based on HBV surface antigen measurements. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of HBV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one studies with a total sample size of 37,988 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall average HBV prevalence estimate in Tanzania was 6.91% (95% CI = 5.18-8.86%). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence in the northern zone (9.32%, 95% CI; 2.24-20.36%), among the blood donors (18.72%, 95% CI: 17.43-20.05%) and among the community volunteers (8.76%, 95% CI: 4.55-14.15%). The lowest prevalence was observed in the lake zone at 4.66% (95% CI: 3.49-5.99) and in pregnant women at 4.72% (95% CI: 3.42-6.21). The overall between-study variability showed significant heterogeneity (<i>I</i> <sup>2</sup> = 97.41%, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that Tanzania is a country with moderately high HBV endemicity, with large interregional differences and significantly high numbers of HBV infections within the community. This underscores the need for immediate development of targeted prevention strategies and further epidemiological studies to better understand the pattern of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4178240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11222000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Vivo Antidiarrheal Potential of the Leaf Extract of Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe and Its Major Compound Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe 叶提取物及其主要化合物的体内止泻潜力
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5922487
Bonsa Mogose, Daniel Bisrat, Kaleab Asres
Diarrhea continues to be one of the top causes of death in children under the age of five, particularly in developing nations. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, a variety of medicinal plants are used to treat diarrhea. One of these plants is Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe (fam. Celastraceae), which is endemic to the Afromontane forests, especially along forest margins, of Ethiopia. The air-dried powdered leaves of M. addat were macerated with 80% methanol to yield a crude extract. Additionally, the powdered plant material underwent sequential solvent extraction using chloroform, methanol, and water to obtain solvent fractions. The 80% methanol leaf extract, solvent fractions, and an isolated compound from M. addat were evaluated for their antidiarrheal activity using castor oil-induced diarrheal model, anti-enteropooling test, and charcoal meal test in mice. The results showed that the 80% methanolic leaf extract significantly reduced the onset of diarrhea, the weight of feces, and the frequency of defecation in all the tested doses. The methanol and water fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract also exhibited dose-dependent antidiarrheal activity, with the methanol fraction showing the highest activity at 400 mg/kg dose. Subsequently, the most active methanol fraction was subjected to C-18 solid phase extraction, resulting in the isolation of a 3-hydroxyflavone, identified as quercetin by ESI-qToF-MS, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Quercetin demonstrated a strong antidiarrheal activity in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the present study provided evidence that the leaves of M. addat possess genuine antidiarrheal activity upholding the traditional medicinal use of the plant for the treatment of diarrhea. The findings also suggest that quercetin is responsible, in full or in part, for the activity of the plant.
腹泻仍然是导致五岁以下儿童死亡的首要原因之一,在发展中国家尤其如此。在埃塞俄比亚传统医学中,有多种药用植物可用于治疗腹泻。其中一种植物是 Maytenus addat (Loes.) Sebsebe(天南星科),它是埃塞俄比亚非洲峰森林,尤其是森林边缘地区的特有植物。用 80% 的甲醇浸泡 M. addat 的风干粉末叶片,可获得粗提取物。此外,粉末状植物材料还依次经过氯仿、甲醇和水的溶剂萃取,以获得溶剂馏分。采用蓖麻油诱导的小鼠腹泻模型、抗肠套叠试验和炭粉试验,对 M. addat 的 80% 甲醇叶提取物、溶剂馏分和一种分离化合物的止泻活性进行了评估。结果表明,在所有测试剂量下,80% 的甲醇叶提取物都能明显减少腹泻的发生、粪便重量和排便次数。水醇提取物的甲醇馏分和水馏分也表现出剂量依赖性止泻活性,其中甲醇馏分在 400 毫克/千克剂量时活性最高。随后,将活性最高的甲醇馏分进行 C-18 固相萃取,分离出一种 3-羟基黄酮,并通过 ESI-qToF-MS、1H 和 13C-NMR 光谱技术鉴定为槲皮素。槲皮素具有很强的止泻活性,其活性呈剂量依赖性。因此,本研究提供的证据表明,M. addat 的叶子具有真正的止泻活性,这也维护了该植物治疗腹泻的传统药用价值。研究结果还表明,槲皮素对该植物的全部或部分活性负有责任。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology and Treatment of Snakebite Envenomation in West Africa: Case of Benin 西非蛇咬伤流行病学和治疗的全面回顾:贝宁案例
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8357312
Ayékotchami Jacques Dossou, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, Timothy Omara, Jean-Philippe Chippaux
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) constitutes a public health, social, and economic problem affecting poor communities in intertropical and subtropical regions. This review sought to synthesize literature on snakebite envenomation in Benin to highlight research perspectives and strategies for better management of the menace. A literature search performed in multidisciplinary electronic databases showed that the prevalence of SBE is high in Benin, but the incidences, associated morbidities, and mortalities are greatly underestimated. Most snake envenomations are by Echis ocellatus in Northern Benin during the rainy season. Adults involved in agricultural activities are the most affected. The absence of antivenin serum in the most affected areas explains the preference for alternative and traditional medicine as the first-line treatment for SBE in Benin. In conclusion, it would be imperative to revitalize the snakebite reporting system in order to have better epidemiological data and to develop a sustainable national strategy for the control and management of snakebite envenomation.
蛇咬伤(SBE)是影响热带和亚热带地区贫困社区的一个公共卫生、社会和经济问题。本综述力图对贝宁蛇咬伤的相关文献进行归纳,以突出研究视角和策略,从而更好地应对这一威胁。在多学科电子数据库中进行的文献检索显示,蛇咬伤在贝宁的流行率很高,但发病率、相关发病率和死亡率却被大大低估。在贝宁北部,大多数蛇类都是在雨季被Echis ocellatus咬伤的。从事农业活动的成年人受到的影响最大。由于受影响最严重的地区没有抗蛇毒血清,因此在贝宁,人们更倾向于将替代药物和传统药物作为 SBE 的一线治疗方法。总之,当务之急是重振蛇咬伤报告系统,以获得更好的流行病学数据,并制定可持续的蛇咬伤控制和管理国家战略。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Tropical Medicine
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