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Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Methanolic Extract against In Vitro Growth of Several Babesia Species and Theileria equi and the In Vivo Growth of Babesia microti. 辣木叶甲醇提取物对几种巴贝虫和马泰勒虫体外生长和小巴贝虫体内生长的抑制作用的评价。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-10-31 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4285042
Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Mohamed Z Sayed-Ahmed, Yosif Almoshari, Saad S Alqahtani, Sarfaraz Ahmad, Nawazish Alam, Basma H Marghani, Abdelbaset E Abdelbaset, Ikuo Igarashi

The current study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Moringa oleifera leaves methanolic extract (MOL) against the in vitro growth of Babesia bovis (B. bovis), B. caballi, B. bigemina, and Theileria equi (T. equi), as well as in vivo growth of B. microti in mice. Active principles of MOL extract were determined using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). MOL's anti-piroplasm efficacy was assessed both in vitro and in vivo using the SYBR Green I fluorescence assay. Every 96 hours, the hematological parameters, including red blood cell count (RBCs; 104/UL), hemoglobin content (HGB; g/dl), and hematocrit percent (HCT; %), in the treated mice were monitored using a Celltac MEK6450 automated hematological analyzer. LC-MS of MOL revealed that the most abundant polyphenolic catechism found in the MOL extract was isoquercetin and rutin. MOL inhibited B. bovis, B. caballi, B. bigemina, and T. equi in vitro growth in a dose-dependent way, with IC50 values of 45.29 ± 6.14, 19.16 ± 0.45, 137.49 ± 16.07, and 9.29 ± 0.014 μg/ml, respectively. MOL's in vitro antibabesial activity was enhanced when administrated simultaneously with either diminazene aceturate (DA) or MMV665875 compound from malaria box. In mice infected by B. microti, a combination of MOL and a low dose of DA (12.5 mg·kg-1) resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in B. microti growth. These findings suggest that MOL is an effective herbal anti-piroplasm therapy, especially when combined with a low dosage of either DA or MMV665875.

本研究评估了辣木叶甲醇提取物(MOL)对牛巴贝斯虫(B.bovis)、卡巴利毕赤酵母(B.caballi)、双联毕赤酵母和马泰勒虫(T.equi)的体外生长以及小鼠体内微小毕赤酵母生长的抑制作用。采用液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)测定了MOL提取物的有效成分。使用SYBR Green I荧光测定法在体外和体内评估MOL的抗螺旋体效力。每96 小时,使用Celltac MEK6450自动血液分析仪监测治疗小鼠的血液学参数,包括红细胞计数(RBCs;104/UL)、血红蛋白含量(HGB;g/dl)和红细胞压积百分比(HCT;%)。MOL的LC-MS显示,在MOL提取物中发现的最丰富的多酚儿茶素是异槲皮素和芦丁。MOL以剂量依赖的方式抑制牛分枝杆菌、卡巴利分枝杆菌、双联分枝杆菌和马分枝杆菌的体外生长,IC50值为45.29 ± 6.14,19.16 ± 0.45,137.49 ± 16.07和9.29 ± 0.014 μg/ml。MOL的体外抗标记活性在与来自疟疾箱的乙酰二甲烯(DA)或MMV665875化合物同时给药时增强。在感染微小双歧杆菌的小鼠中,MOL和低剂量DA(12.5 mg·kg~(-1)能显著降低B.microti的生长(P<0.05)。这些发现表明,MOL是一种有效的草药抗螺虫疗法,尤其是与低剂量DA或MMV665875联合使用时。
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引用次数: 0
Abundance, Distribution, and Diversity of Freshwater Snail and Prevalences of Their Infection by Cercaria of Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma spp at Mayo-Vreck River, Far North Region of Cameroon. 喀麦隆极北地区Mayo-Vreck河淡水蜗牛的丰度、分布和多样性及其被巨型筋膜尾蚴和血吸虫感染的流行率。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-10-20 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9527349
Augustin Siama, Serges Eteme Enama, Justin Kalmobe, Samuel Abah, Angele Foutchou, Alexandre Michel Njan Nloga

Malacological and parasitological studies were conducted from April 2020 to March 2021 to determine the abundance and distribution of molluscs and cercariae of Schistosoma spp and Fasciola gigantica. Collected molluscs are exposed to strong light to induce cercarial release. Mollusc densities were higher at station 1 (Gamak) than in station 8 (Patakai), with Bellamya unicolor and Biomphalaria pfeifferi more abundant and Bulinus truncatus, B. tropicus, and B. globosus less abundant. The overall prevalence of cercariae (19.87%) is higher in station 3 (Yaye orchard), station 9 (Gougni), station 4 (Madiogo), station 5 (Madiogo pasture), and station 6 (Ziam 3). It varies significantly between 15.76% in station 8 and 25.77% in station 3, between 8.48% in B. truncatus and 25.53% in B. globosus, and between 19.27% for cercariae of Schistosoma spp and 21.60% for those of F. gigantica. Cercarial emissions in L. natalensis and B. pfeifferi were higher in hot and cold dry seasons; on the other hand, cercarial emissions in B. globosus were higher in hot dry seasons (31.48%) and rainy seasons (23.38%). Emissions of cercariae from S. haematobium are related to areas of human activity and defecation, while those of F. gigantica in L. natalensis, Schistosoma haematobium in B. tropicus, and S. mansoni in B. pfeifferi are related to grazing areas. Mayo-Vreck is a site that favors the endemicity of fascioliasis and human schistosomiasis.

2020年4月至2021年3月,进行了马六甲学和寄生虫学研究,以确定血吸虫和巨型吸虫软体动物和尾蚴的丰度和分布。采集的软体动物暴露在强光下,以诱导尾蚴释放。1号站(Gamak)的软体动物密度高于8号站(Patakai),其中Bellamya unicolor和Biomphalaria pfeifferi更为丰富,Bulinus truncatus、B.tropicus和B.globosus则不那么丰富。尾蚴的总体流行率(19.87%)在3号站(Yaye果园)、9号站(Gougni)、4号站(Madiogo)、5号站(Madiogo牧场)和6号站(Ziam 3)较高。在8号站的15.76%和3号站的25.77%之间,在截断B.truncatus的8.48%和球形B.globosus的25.53%之间,以及在血吸虫尾蚴的19.27%和巨大F.giganca的21.60%之间,差异显著。在炎热和寒冷的旱季,纳氏乳杆菌和菲氏乳杆菌的尾蚴排放量较高;球形血吸虫的尾蚴排放量在炎热的旱季(31.48%)和雨季(23.38%)较高,血血吸虫的尾虫排放量与人类活动和排便的区域有关,而纳他棱线虫的巨大吸虫、热带血吸虫和菲氏血吸虫的曼氏血吸虫的尾藻排放量与放牧区域有关。Mayo-Vreck是一个有利于筋膜炎和人类血吸虫病流行的地方。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Polymorphisms of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases and Susceptibility to Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. UDP葡糖醛酸转移酶基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损伤易感性的系统评价和荟萃分析。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-10-12 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5044451
Xinyu Chen, Zhuolu Hao, Nannan Wang, Jia Zhu, Honggang Yi, Shaowen Tang

Methods: The PRISMA statement was strictly followed, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022339317). The PICOS framework was used: patients received antituberculosis treatment, UGTs polymorphisms (mutants), UGTs polymorphisms (wild), AT-DILI, and case-control studies. Eligible studies were searched through nine databases up to April 27, 2022. The study's qualities were assessed by the revised Little's recommendations. Meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effects model using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) as the effect size.

Results: Twelve case-control studies with 2128 cases and 4338 controls were included, and 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seven UGT genes have been reported in Chinese and Korean. All studies were judged as high quality. The pooled results indicated that UGT1A1 rs3755319 (AC vs. AA, OR = 1.454, 95% CI: 1.100-1.921, P = 0.009), UGT2B7 rs7662029 (G vs. A, OR = 1.547, 95% CI: 1.249-1.917, P < 0.0001; GG + AG vs. AA, OR = 2.371, 95% CI: 1.779-3.160, P < 0.0001; AG vs. AA, OR = 2.686, 95% CI: 1.988-3.627, P < 0.0001), and UGT2B7 rs7439366 (C vs. T, OR = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.477-0.717, P < 0.0001; CC + TC vs. TT, OR = 0.347, 95% CI: 0.238-0.506, P < 0.0001; CC vs. TC + TT, OR = 0.675, 95% CI: 0.507-0.898, P = 0.007) might be associated with the risk of AT-DILI.

Conclusions: The polymorphisms of UGT1A1 rs3755319, UGT2B7 rs7662029, and UGT2B7 rs7439366 were significantly associated with AT-DILI susceptibility. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies and the relatively small sample size.

方法:严格遵守PRISMA声明,并在PROSPERO(CRD42022339317)中注册该方案。使用PICOS框架:患者接受抗结核治疗、UGTs多态性(突变体)、UGTss多态性(野生型)、AT-DILI和病例对照研究。截至2022年4月27日,通过九个数据库搜索符合条件的研究。这项研究的质量通过修订后的利特尔建议进行了评估。使用优势比(OR)和95%置信区间(95%CI)作为效应大小的随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。结果:纳入了12项病例对照研究,涉及2128例病例和4338例对照,中国和韩国的7个UGT基因中有32个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)。所有研究都被认为是高质量的。合并结果表明UGT1A1 rs3755319(AC与AA,OR = 1.454,95%置信区间:1.100-1.921,P = 0.009),UGT2B7 rs7662029(G与A,OR = 1.547,95%置信区间:1.249-1.917,P P P P P P = 结论:UGT1A1 rs3755319、UGT2B7 rs7662029、UGT2 B7 rs7439366多态性与AT-DILI易感性显著相关。然而,由于研究数量较少,样本量相对较小,因此应谨慎解释这一结论。
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引用次数: 0
The Incidence of Infection Complicating Snakebites in Tropical Australia: Implications for Clinical Management and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis. 澳大利亚热带地区蛇咬伤并发感染的发生率:对临床管理和抗菌预防的启示。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-10-12 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5812766
Laura K Smith, John Vardanega, Simon Smith, Julian White, Mark Little, Josh Hanson

Objective: To define the incidence of infection following snakebite in tropical Australia and the resulting implications for the routine prescription of prophylactic antibiotics.

Methods: A retrospective study of all individuals presenting to Cairns Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia, after a snakebite between December 2013 and October 2020.

Results: There were 732 hospitalisations, 720 (98.4%) patients presented within 8 hours of the snakebite, and 29/732 (4.0%) were envenomated. Envenomated patients were more likely to receive empirical antibiotics than nonenvenomated patients (8/29 (27.6%) versus 14/703 (2.0%), p < 0.001), although this was frequently as a bundle of care for critically ill individuals. Superficial skin infection was diagnosed by clinicians in 6/732 (0.8%) patients during their hospitalisation; infection was diagnosed more commonly in envenomated than in nonenvenomated patients (3/29 (10.3%) versus 3/703 (0.4%), p = 0.001). All 3 envenomated individuals diagnosed with infection were believed to have taipan (genus Oxyuranus) bites. Five (83%) of the six patients diagnosed with infection had received empirical antibiotics at presentation; only 1/710 (0.1%) patients who received no antibiotics developed a (superficial) infection.

Conclusion: Infection is a very uncommon complication of snakebite in tropical Australia. Individuals bitten by snakes in tropical Australia should not routinely receive antibiotic prophylaxis.

目的:确定澳大利亚热带地区毒蛇咬伤后的感染发生率,并对预防性抗生素的常规处方产生影响。方法:对2013年12月至2020年10月期间澳大利亚热带地区三级转诊医院凯恩斯医院的所有患者进行回顾性研究。结果:共有732人住院,720名(98.4%)患者在8 其中29/732(4.0%)被毒杀。包膜患者比非包膜患者更有可能接受经验性抗生素治疗(8/29(27.6%)对14/703(2.0%),p<0.001),尽管这通常是危重患者的一揽子护理。临床医生在住院期间诊断出6/732(0.8%)患者的浅表皮肤感染;与非感染者相比,感染者更常见(3/29(10.3%)对3/703(0.4%),p=0.001)。所有3名被诊断为感染的感染者都被认为有大班(氧化铀属)叮咬。六名被诊断为感染的患者中有五名(83%)在就诊时接受了经验性抗生素治疗;只有1/710(0.1%)未接受抗生素治疗的患者出现(浅表)感染。结论:在澳大利亚热带地区,感染是一种非常罕见的毒蛇咬伤并发症。在澳大利亚热带地区,被蛇咬伤的人不应常规接受抗生素预防。
{"title":"The Incidence of Infection Complicating Snakebites in Tropical Australia: Implications for Clinical Management and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis.","authors":"Laura K Smith,&nbsp;John Vardanega,&nbsp;Simon Smith,&nbsp;Julian White,&nbsp;Mark Little,&nbsp;Josh Hanson","doi":"10.1155/2023/5812766","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5812766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To define the incidence of infection following snakebite in tropical Australia and the resulting implications for the routine prescription of prophylactic antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of all individuals presenting to Cairns Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia, after a snakebite between December 2013 and October 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 732 hospitalisations, 720 (98.4%) patients presented within 8 hours of the snakebite, and 29/732 (4.0%) were envenomated. Envenomated patients were more likely to receive empirical antibiotics than nonenvenomated patients (8/29 (27.6%) versus 14/703 (2.0%), <i>p</i> < 0.001), although this was frequently as a bundle of care for critically ill individuals. Superficial skin infection was diagnosed by clinicians in 6/732 (0.8%) patients during their hospitalisation; infection was diagnosed more commonly in envenomated than in nonenvenomated patients (3/29 (10.3%) versus 3/703 (0.4%), <i>p</i> = 0.001). All 3 envenomated individuals diagnosed with infection were believed to have taipan (genus <i>Oxyuranus</i>) bites. Five (83%) of the six patients diagnosed with infection had received empirical antibiotics at presentation; only 1/710 (0.1%) patients who received no antibiotics developed a (superficial) infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection is a very uncommon complication of snakebite in tropical Australia. Individuals bitten by snakes in tropical Australia should not routinely receive antibiotic prophylaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5812766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49691186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhibition of Autophagy in Heat-Stressed Sperm of Adult Mice: A Possible Role of Catsper1, 2 Channel Proteins. 对成年小鼠热应激精子自噬的抑制:Catsper1,2通道蛋白的可能作用。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-10-09 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6890815
Malihe Soltani, Majid Rahmati, Mohammad Reza Nikravesh, Shahin Saeedi Nejat, Mahdi Jalali

Objective: Various phenomena guarantee gamete maturation and formation at all stages of evolution, one of which is autophagy playing a critical role in the final morphology of gametes, particularly sperms. Autophagy is influenced by oxidative stress, disturbances of calcium homeostasis, and hyperthermia conditions. The current study aimed to assess the autophagy-related proteins along with the activity of sperm calcium channel (CatSper) proteins following the induction of heat stress (HS).

Methods: The study sample includes two groups of adult mice: sham and HS groups. In the HS group, the right testis was transferred to the abdominal cavity for 120 hours and then returned to the scrotum where it remained for 7 days. After 7 days, the testis and epididymis were removed to conduct real-time, immunohistochemical studies, sperm parameter evaluation, and seminiferous tubule assessment. In this study, the expression and distribution of autophagy proteins were measured. Plus, CatSper1 and CatSper2 were evaluated as proteins of calcium channels.

Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression intensity of autophagy indices in seminiferous tubules decreased significantly after HS induction, which was associated with a decrease in the distribution of CatSper proteins in the sperms. HS led to morphological changes in sperm, reduced motility and viability of sperm, and decreased spermatogenesis indices.

Conclusion: In this study, following heat stress, the decrease in CatSper protein distribution may lead to the structural disorder of CatSper channels, which could strongly affect autophagic activity. Also, disruption of spermatogenesis and sperm parameters may be the consequence of decreased autophagy activity.

目的:各种现象保证了配子在进化的各个阶段的成熟和形成,其中之一是自噬,它在配子,特别是精子的最终形态中发挥着关键作用。自噬受到氧化应激、钙稳态紊乱和高温条件的影响。目前的研究旨在评估热应激(HS)诱导后的自噬相关蛋白以及精子钙通道(CatSper)蛋白的活性。方法:研究样本包括两组成年小鼠:假手术组和HS组。在HS组中,将右侧睾丸转移到腹腔120 小时,然后回到阴囊,在那里停留了7个小时 天。7点之后 第天,取睾丸和附睾进行实时、免疫组织化学研究、精子参数评估和生精小管评估。在本研究中,测量了自噬蛋白的表达和分布。此外,CatSper1和CatSper2被评估为钙通道的蛋白质。结果:本研究结果表明,HS诱导后,曲精管中自噬指数的表达强度显著降低,这与CatSper蛋白在精子中的分布减少有关。HS导致精子的形态学变化,降低精子的活力和活力,降低精子发生指数。结论:在本研究中,热应激后CatSper蛋白分布的减少可能导致CatSper通道的结构紊乱,从而强烈影响自噬活性。此外,精子发生和精子参数的破坏可能是自噬活性降低的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of Automated Viral RNA Purification for Pediatric Studies of Dengue and Zika in Hyperendemic Areas. 自动化病毒RNA纯化在高流行地区登革热和寨卡病毒儿科研究中的效率。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-30 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1576481
Sandra L Delgado, Piedad M Perilla, Doris M Salgado, María Clemencia Rojas, Carlos F Narváez

The isolation of nucleic acids is a critical and limiting step for molecular assays, which prompted the arrival in Colombia of automated purification instruments during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The local application of this technology in the study of tropical diseases, such as dengue and zika, is beginning to be tested. We evaluated the efficiency of the automated extraction of viral RNA for studies of pediatric dengue and zika. Clinical samples of children with dengue that were well characterized through RNA isolation by silica columns and serotype-specific nested RT-PCR (DENV-1 n = 7, DENV-2 n = 5, and negatives n = 8) in addition to 40 pediatric plasma samples spiked with ZIKV (strain PRVA BC59) and 209 from negative pre-epidemic children were analyzed. RNA from patients was extracted by two automated standard and high-throughput protocols on the KingFisher™ Flex instrument. The isolated RNA was evaluated for concentration and purity by spectrophotometry, for structural and functional integrity by electrophoresis and expression of the RNase P gene, and usefulness in serotype-specific DENV detection by conventional and real-time RT-PCR. For the evaluation of ZIKV RNA, the commercial TaqMan Triplex® assay was used, along with a well-tested in-house RT-qPCR assay. The concentration of RNA (5.2 vs. 7.5 ng/μL, P=0.03) and the number of integral bands (9 vs. 11) were higher with the high-throughput protocol. However, the number of specimens serotyped for DENV by RT-qPCR was comparable for both protocols. The cycle thresholds of the TaqMan Triplex® commercial kit and the in-house assay for the detection of plasma ZIKV RNA isolated with the standard protocol showed a strong association (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) and a Cohen Kappa index of 0.98 when all 249 samples were analyzed. These preliminary results suggest that automated instruments could be used in studies of cocirculating flaviviruses that have represented a public health problem in recent decades in Colombia. They boast advantages such as efficiency, precision, time savings, and lower risk of cross-contamination.

核酸的分离是分子分析的关键和限制步骤,这促使在严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型大流行期间自动纯化仪器抵达哥伦比亚。这项技术在登革热和寨卡病毒等热带疾病研究中的当地应用正在开始测试。我们评估了自动提取病毒RNA用于儿科登革热和寨卡病毒研究的效率。通过硅胶柱RNA分离和血清型特异性巢式RT-PCR(DENV-1 n = 7,DENV-2 n = 5和底片n = 8) 除此之外,还分析了40份掺有ZIKV(菌株PRVA BC59)的儿科血浆样本和209份来自疫情前阴性儿童的血浆样本。通过KingFisher上的两种自动化标准和高通量方案提取患者的RNA™ 柔性仪器。通过分光光度法评估分离的RNA的浓度和纯度,通过电泳和RNase P基因的表达评估结构和功能的完整性,以及通过常规和实时RT-PCR评估血清型特异性DENV检测的有用性。为了评估ZIKV RNA,使用了商业TaqMan Triplex®测定法,以及经过充分测试的内部RT-qPCR测定法。RNA的浓度(5.2 vs.7.5 ng/μL,P=0.03)和积分带数(9对11)在高通量方案中更高。然而,通过RT-qPCR鉴定DENV血清型的标本数量在两种方案中是可比较的。TaqMan Triplex®商业试剂盒的循环阈值和用标准方案分离的血浆ZIKV RNA的内部检测显示出强烈的相关性(r = 0.93,P<0.0001)和Cohen Kappa指数为0.98。这些初步结果表明,自动化仪器可以用于研究共循环黄病毒,这些病毒在哥伦比亚近几十年来一直是一个公共卫生问题。它们具有效率、精度、节省时间和降低交叉污染风险等优点。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of Intestinal Parasites and Its Associated Factors among Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Local Markets of Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚东南部Bule Hora镇当地市场水果和蔬菜中肠道寄生虫及其相关因素的评估。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-21 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1861919
Tibeso Gemechu, Jemal Bona, Alqeer Aliyo, Wako Dedecha, Girma Ashenafi

Background: Vegetable and fruit consumptions are important for health as they are good sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, contamination of vegetables and fruits is indicated as the main contributing factor to parasitic contamination.

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasites among fruits and vegetables collected from local markets in Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional assessment was carried out on 391 raw fruits and vegetables from the market in Bule Hora Town from July 29 to August 17, 2022. After being soaked in physiological saline and vigorously shaken for 15 minutes with the help of a mechanical shaker, a total of 391 samples taken from various fruits and vegetables were evaluated using the sedimentation concentration technique. Software SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data after it had been entered using EpiData version 3.1. To assess various associated factors, binary and multivariable logistic regression was employed.

Results: 142 (36.3%) of the 391 samples analyzed had at least one species of parasite. The parasite Ascaris lumbricoides (40.1%) was found the most frequently, whereas Strongyloides spp. was found the least frequently. Variables such as fingernail trimming (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.274-3.108), hand washing habit with soap after using toilet (AOR = 2.912; CI: 1.896-4.47), and eating raw vegetables or fruits (AOR = 0.604; CI: 0.394-0.925) were associated with parasitic contamination.

Conclusions: The results of this study show that eating vegetables that are raw in the study area carries a potentially significant risk of contracting parasitic illnesses. Therefore, the appropriate bodies should make an effort to lower the rate of product contamination with intestinal parasites by educating vendors and the general public.

背景:食用蔬菜和水果对健康很重要,因为它们是碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质和纤维的良好来源。然而,蔬菜和水果的污染被认为是造成寄生虫污染的主要因素。目的:本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚东南部Bule Hora镇当地市场水果和蔬菜中肠道寄生虫的患病率及其相关因素。在生理盐水中浸泡并剧烈摇晃15天后 在机械振动筛的帮助下,使用沉淀-浓缩技术对从各种水果和蔬菜中提取的391个样品进行了评估。在使用EpiData 3.1版输入数据后,使用SPSS 25版软件对数据进行分析。为了评估各种相关因素,采用了二元和多变量逻辑回归。结果:391份样本中142份(36.3%)至少有一种寄生虫。寄生虫蛔虫(40.1%)的发现频率最高,而线虫属的发现频率最低。指甲修剪(AOR)等变量 = 1.99;95%置信区间:1.274-3.08),如厕后用肥皂洗手的习惯(AOR = 2.912;CI:1.896-4.47),以及吃生蔬菜或水果(AOR = 0.604;CI:0.394-0.925)与寄生污染有关。结论:这项研究的结果表明,在研究地区生吃蔬菜有感染寄生虫病的潜在重大风险。因此,相关机构应通过教育供应商和公众,努力降低产品受肠道寄生虫污染的比率。
{"title":"Assessment of Intestinal Parasites and Its Associated Factors among Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Local Markets of Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia.","authors":"Tibeso Gemechu,&nbsp;Jemal Bona,&nbsp;Alqeer Aliyo,&nbsp;Wako Dedecha,&nbsp;Girma Ashenafi","doi":"10.1155/2023/1861919","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1861919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vegetable and fruit consumptions are important for health as they are good sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, contamination of vegetables and fruits is indicated as the main contributing factor to parasitic contamination.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasites among fruits and vegetables collected from local markets in Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional assessment was carried out on 391 raw fruits and vegetables from the market in Bule Hora Town from July 29 to August 17, 2022. After being soaked in physiological saline and vigorously shaken for 15 minutes with the help of a mechanical shaker, a total of 391 samples taken from various fruits and vegetables were evaluated using the sedimentation concentration technique. Software SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data after it had been entered using EpiData version 3.1. To assess various associated factors, binary and multivariable logistic regression was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>142 (36.3%) of the 391 samples analyzed had at least one species of parasite. The parasite <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> (40.1%) was found the most frequently, whereas <i>Strongyloides</i> spp. was found the least frequently. Variables such as fingernail trimming (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.274-3.108), hand washing habit with soap after using toilet (AOR = 2.912; CI: 1.896-4.47), and eating raw vegetables or fruits (AOR = 0.604; CI: 0.394-0.925) were associated with parasitic contamination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study show that eating vegetables that are raw in the study area carries a potentially significant risk of contracting parasitic illnesses. Therefore, the appropriate bodies should make an effort to lower the rate of product contamination with intestinal parasites by educating vendors and the general public.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"1861919"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10539081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparing the Trends of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Spatial Distribution in Southern Iran. 新冠肺炎大流行前后媒介传播疾病(VBD)的趋势及其在伊朗南部的空间分布比较。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7697421
Zahra Gheibi, Mitra Boroomand, Aboozar Soltani

Objectives: We aimed to model and predict the changes in the trend of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a high-risk area of Iran.

Methods: This case-series study was conducted in Fars province, south of Iran, between April 2016 and July 2021. All referred cases of VBDs were considered during the five years to investigate the effect of the lockdown on the epidemiological profile of these diseases. We used time-series autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models.

Results: Pediculosis incidence trend was rising with a peak of 1,146 per 100,000 in 2018, followed by a dramatic decrease reached to the minimum amount of 157.8 per 100,000 in 2021. In contrast, malaria and scabies had a smooth decreasing trend ranging from 2.2 per 100,000 and 7.3 per 100,000 in 2016 to a minimum of 0.2 per 100,000 in 2021, respectively. Likewise, leishmaniasis had a falling trend, with a maximum rate of 82.9 per 100,000 in 2016 to the lowest rate of 9.4 per 100,000 in 2021. However, the difference between observed and expected values revealed that the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic had increased the number of leishmaniasis cases.

Conclusion: Tropical regions of Iran, including Fars province, are the favorite destinations for travelers. During COVID-19 outbreaks, some reasons, such as quarantine, movement restrictions, and social distancing, reduced human-vector contact and finally led to the reduction of VBDs in this area.

目的:我们旨在建模和预测新冠肺炎大流行前后伊朗高风险地区媒介疾病(VBD)趋势的变化。方法:该病例系列研究于2016年4月至2021年7月在伊朗南部法尔斯省进行。在这五年中,考虑了所有VBD的转诊病例,以调查封锁对这些疾病流行病学特征的影响。我们使用了时间序列自回归综合移动平均(ARIMA)和季节性ARIMA(SARIMA)模型。结果:足病发病率呈上升趋势,2018年达到1146/100000的峰值,随后急剧下降,2021年达到157.8/10万的最低水平。相比之下,疟疾和疥疮呈平稳下降趋势,分别从2016年的每100000人中有2.2人和7.3人下降到2021年的最低每100000人0.2人。同样,利什曼病也有下降趋势,2016年的最高发病率为82.9/10万,2021年的最低发病率为9.4/10万。然而,观察值和预期值之间的差异表明,新冠肺炎大流行的后果增加了利什曼病病例的数量。结论:包括法尔斯省在内的伊朗热带地区是旅行者最喜欢的目的地。在新冠肺炎疫情期间,一些原因,如隔离、行动限制和社交距离,减少了人与病毒的接触,最终导致该地区VBD的减少。
{"title":"Comparing the Trends of Vector-Borne Diseases (VBDs) before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Spatial Distribution in Southern Iran.","authors":"Zahra Gheibi,&nbsp;Mitra Boroomand,&nbsp;Aboozar Soltani","doi":"10.1155/2023/7697421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7697421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to model and predict the changes in the trend of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a high-risk area of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-series study was conducted in Fars province, south of Iran, between April 2016 and July 2021. All referred cases of VBDs were considered during the five years to investigate the effect of the lockdown on the epidemiological profile of these diseases. We used time-series autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pediculosis incidence trend was rising with a peak of 1,146 per 100,000 in 2018, followed by a dramatic decrease reached to the minimum amount of 157.8 per 100,000 in 2021. In contrast, malaria and scabies had a smooth decreasing trend ranging from 2.2 per 100,000 and 7.3 per 100,000 in 2016 to a minimum of 0.2 per 100,000 in 2021, respectively. Likewise, leishmaniasis had a falling trend, with a maximum rate of 82.9 per 100,000 in 2016 to the lowest rate of 9.4 per 100,000 in 2021. However, the difference between observed and expected values revealed that the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic had increased the number of leishmaniasis cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tropical regions of Iran, including Fars province, are the favorite destinations for travelers. During COVID-19 outbreaks, some reasons, such as quarantine, movement restrictions, and social distancing, reduced human-vector contact and finally led to the reduction of VBDs in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"2023 ","pages":"7697421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10516689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41176504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Frequency of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study in Tehran, Capital of Iran. 新冠肺炎患者肠道寄生虫感染的频率:伊朗首都德黑兰的病例对照研究。
IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-09-08 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5359823
Ali Taghipour, Majid Pirestani, Ramin Hamidi Farahani, Mohammad Barati

The present study was done to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in patients with COVID-19 in health care centers (Imam Reza and Golestan hospitals), Tehran, capital of Iran. By designing a matched case-control study, 200 fecal samples were collected for each of the COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from all participants for the diagnosis of COVID-19. RNA extraction was performed, and then real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay was applied to detect viral RNA. Considering the lung complications, 25%> lung complications was detected in 49 patients, 25-49% in 42 patients, and 50%≤ in 109 patients. Fecal samples were examined using different parasitological techniques. After nested-PCR, sequencing was applied to identify Cryptosporidium spp. and microsporidia spp. A relatively lower prevalence of IPIs was detected among control group (7.5%), than in COVID-19 patients (13%), though not significant (P=0.13). The most prevalent parasite among patients was Blastocystis sp. (6%). Also, 13.76% of IPIs were detected in inpatients with more than 50% lung complication. As well, a remarkably significant difference in IPIs was observed among diarrheic COVID-19 patients, in comparison with nondiarrheic patients (P < 0.00001). Moreover, the isolated sequences in the present study belonged to C. parvum subtype IIa and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes D and Peru 8. In conclusion, more epidemiological and clinical research studies are needed to better understand the status and interaction of IPI in COVID-19 in Iran and other countries.

本研究旨在评估伊朗首都德黑兰医疗中心(Imam Reza和Golestan医院)新冠肺炎患者肠道寄生虫感染(IPI)的患病率。通过设计一项匹配的病例对照研究,为每个新冠肺炎患者和健康人收集了200份粪便样本。采集所有参与者的鼻咽/口咽拭子样本,用于诊断新冠肺炎。进行RNA提取,然后应用实时逆转录聚合酶链式反应(rRT PCR)检测病毒RNA。考虑到肺部并发症,49例患者的肺部并发症检出率为25%>,42例患者为25%-49%,109例患者为50%≤。使用不同的寄生虫学技术对粪便样本进行检查。nested-PCR后,应用测序来鉴定隐孢子虫属和微孢子虫属。对照组(7.5%)的IPI患病率相对低于新冠肺炎患者(13%),但并不显著(P=0.13)。患者中最流行的寄生虫是芽囊孢子虫属(6%)。此外,13.76%的IPIs是在肺部并发症超过50%的住院患者中检测到的。此外,与非腹泻患者相比,新冠肺炎腹泻患者的IPI存在显著差异(P<0.00001)。此外,本研究中分离的序列属于微小C.parvum亚型IIa和肠细胞体双neusi基因型D和Peru 8。总之,需要进行更多的流行病学和临床研究,以更好地了解伊朗和其他国家新冠肺炎IPI的状况和相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
A Series of 35 Cutaneous Infections Caused by Mycobacterium marinum in Han Chinese Population. 中国汉族人群海洋分枝杆菌引起的35例皮肤感染
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-08-16 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5514275
Wenjie Chen, Fangfang Bao, Qing Pan, Tingting Liu, Xiaotong Xue, Hong Liu, Furen Zhang

Cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection is an increasingly infectious disease presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in time to treatment among patients with different types of skin lesions and who were treated with single or multidrug therapies. In addition, the clinical characteristics of M. marinum infection were explored and the mechanism of the host immune responses was investigated. The electronic medical records of 35 patients with M. marinum infection were reviewed. The clinical characteristics, histopathological and laboratory data, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to clarify the immune mechanisms induced by M. marinum infection in 9 patients and 5 healthy controls. Of the 35 patients, 25 (71.4%) had lesions with sporotrichoid patterns. The duration of patients with sporotrichoid lesions or treatment with multiple drugs was longer, although differences were not significant, possibly due to the small cohort. However, this trend was also observed in previous studies, making it worthy of further attention. Expression levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-9, and FOXP3) were significantly upregulated in the patient specimens, whereas there were no significant differences in IL-17 and IL-22 expression levels between the patient and control groups.

海洋分枝杆菌皮肤感染是一种传染性越来越强的疾病,具有独特的诊断和治疗挑战。本研究的目的是评估不同类型皮肤病变患者和接受单一或多药治疗的患者在治疗时间上的差异。此外,还探讨了海洋分枝杆菌感染的临床特征,并探讨了宿主免疫反应的机制。对35例海洋分枝杆菌感染患者的电子病历进行了回顾性分析。对临床特征、组织病理学和实验室数据以及治疗结果进行分析。对9名患者和5名健康对照进行免疫组织化学分析,以阐明海洋分枝杆菌感染诱导的免疫机制。在35例患者中,25例(71.4%)有孢子丝菌样病变。孢子丝菌样病变患者或多种药物治疗的持续时间更长,尽管差异并不显著,可能是由于队列较小。然而,在以前的研究中也观察到了这一趋势,因此值得进一步关注。患者标本中细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-9和FOXP3)的表达水平显著上调,而患者组和对照组之间IL-17和IL-22的表达水平没有显著差异。
{"title":"A Series of 35 Cutaneous Infections Caused by <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i> in Han Chinese Population.","authors":"Wenjie Chen, Fangfang Bao, Qing Pan, Tingting Liu, Xiaotong Xue, Hong Liu, Furen Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2023/5514275","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/5514275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous <i>Mycobacterium marinum</i> infection is an increasingly infectious disease presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in time to treatment among patients with different types of skin lesions and who were treated with single or multidrug therapies. In addition, the clinical characteristics of <i>M. marinum</i> infection were explored and the mechanism of the host immune responses was investigated. The electronic medical records of 35 patients with <i>M. marinum</i> infection were reviewed. The clinical characteristics, histopathological and laboratory data, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to clarify the immune mechanisms induced by <i>M. marinum</i> infection in 9 patients and 5 healthy controls. Of the 35 patients, 25 (71.4%) had lesions with sporotrichoid patterns. The duration of patients with sporotrichoid lesions or treatment with multiple drugs was longer, although differences were not significant, possibly due to the small cohort. However, this trend was also observed in previous studies, making it worthy of further attention. Expression levels of cytokines (IFN-<i>γ</i>, IL-4, IL-9, and FOXP3) were significantly upregulated in the patient specimens, whereas there were no significant differences in IL-17 and IL-22 expression levels between the patient and control groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"5514275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Tropical Medicine
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