The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and rotavirus are mainly transmitted through fecal-oral and person-to-person contact, and cause severe gastrointestinal complications and liver disease. This work used reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatic methods to create a novel bivalent vaccine against rotavirus and HAV. The amino acid sequences of HAV-rotavirus proteins (VP1 and VP8∗) were retrieved from the GenBank database. Various computational approaches were employed to predict highly conserved regions and the most immunogenic B-cell and T-cell epitopes of VP8 and VP1 of rotavirus and HAV proteins in both humans and BALB/c. Moreover, the predicted fusion protein was analyzed regarding primary and secondary structures and homology validation. In this study, we used two highly conserved peptide sequences of VP8 and VP1 of rotavirus and HAV that induce T and B cell immunogenicity. According to T-cell epitope prediction, this area comprises 2713 antigenic peptides for HLA class II and 30 HLA class I antigenic peptides, both of which are virtually entirely conserved in the Iranian population. In this study, validation as well as analysis of the secondary and three-dimensional structure of the VP8∗-rotavirus + AAY + HAV-VP1 fusion protein, with the aim of designing a multi-epitope vaccine with different receptors. TLR 3, 4 high immunogenic binding ability with immunological properties and interaction between multi-epitope target and TLR were predicted, and it is expected that the target fusion protein has stable antigenic potency and compatible half-life. The above is suggested as a universal vaccination program.
{"title":"Development of a novel bivalent vaccine candidate against hepatitis A virus and rotavirus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics","authors":"Hassan Yarmohammadi , Abbas Akhavan Sepahi , Mojtaba Hamidi-fard , Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi , Golnaz Bahramali","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and rotavirus are mainly transmitted through fecal-oral and person-to-person contact, and cause severe gastrointestinal complications and liver disease. This work used reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatic methods to create a novel bivalent vaccine against rotavirus and HAV. The amino acid sequences of HAV-rotavirus proteins (VP1 and VP8∗) were retrieved from the GenBank database. Various computational approaches were employed to predict highly conserved regions and the most immunogenic B-cell and T-cell epitopes of VP8 and VP1 of rotavirus and HAV proteins in both humans and BALB/c. Moreover, the predicted fusion protein was analyzed regarding primary and secondary structures and homology validation. In this study, we used two highly conserved peptide sequences of VP8 and VP1 of rotavirus and HAV that induce T and B cell immunogenicity. According to T-cell epitope prediction, this area comprises 2713 antigenic peptides for HLA class II and 30 HLA class I antigenic peptides, both of which are virtually entirely conserved in the Iranian population. In this study, validation as well as analysis of the secondary and three-dimensional structure of the VP8∗-rotavirus + AAY + HAV-VP1 fusion protein, with the aim of designing a multi-epitope vaccine with different receptors. TLR 3, 4 high immunogenic binding ability with immunological properties and interaction between multi-epitope target and TLR were predicted, and it is expected that the target fusion protein has stable antigenic potency and compatible half-life. The above is suggested as a universal vaccination program.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100585
Mobin Ibne Mokbul , Shuvajit Saha , Samiha Nahar Tuli , Fatema Binte Nur , A.M. Khairul Islam , Tariful Islam , Shirsho Shreyan , Alok Bijoy Bhadra , Golam Dastageer Prince , Irfath Sharmin Eva , Mustari Nailah Tabassum , Ferdous Wahid , Md Irfan Bin Kayes , Nazim Hassan Ziad , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
The emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in South-East Asian countries. This cross-sectional nationwide study is a pioneer in assessing knowledge levels of NiV outbreak among the general population in Bangladesh. It was conducted among the general population of Bangladesh from 15th January to 10th February 2024. A conveniently selected sample of individuals participated in the assessment of their knowledge about NiV. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. After data curation, a total of 2121 responses that met the inclusion criteria were retained for analysis. Among 2121 participants, 69.38 % were aware of NiV. Overall, 62 % demonstrated good knowledge of the virus. The main sources of information were social media (29.9 %), television (25.41 %), educational institutions (18.95 %), newspapers (13.65 %), friends (6.39 %), and workplaces (5.91 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 31–40 years had lower odds of poor knowledge (OR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.39–0.82, p < 0.01) compared to those aged 21–30. Females had higher odds of poor knowledge (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.81, p = 0.02) than males. Lower education levels were associated with higher odds of poor knowledge. Moreover, non-healthcare workers also had higher odds of poor knowledge compared to healthcare workers. There were regional differences, with varying odds in Rangpur (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.70, p < 0.01), Khulna (OR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.61, p = 0.01), and Mymensingh (OR = 2.77, 95 % CI: 1.70–4.53, p < 0.01) compared to Dhaka. The current study underscores the importance of evidence-based educational strategies, and may guide government and policymakers to design future targeted interventions to enhance public health literacy and mitigate the spread of NiV in Bangladesh as well as in its neighbouring countries.
{"title":"Assessment of the general population knowledge about the emergence of Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh: A nationwide cross-sectional study","authors":"Mobin Ibne Mokbul , Shuvajit Saha , Samiha Nahar Tuli , Fatema Binte Nur , A.M. Khairul Islam , Tariful Islam , Shirsho Shreyan , Alok Bijoy Bhadra , Golam Dastageer Prince , Irfath Sharmin Eva , Mustari Nailah Tabassum , Ferdous Wahid , Md Irfan Bin Kayes , Nazim Hassan Ziad , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in South-East Asian countries. This cross-sectional nationwide study is a pioneer in assessing knowledge levels of NiV outbreak among the general population in Bangladesh. It was conducted among the general population of Bangladesh from 15th January to 10th February 2024. A conveniently selected sample of individuals participated in the assessment of their knowledge about NiV. A semi-structured questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. After data curation, a total of 2121 responses that met the inclusion criteria were retained for analysis. Among 2121 participants, 69.38 % were aware of NiV. Overall, 62 % demonstrated good knowledge of the virus. The main sources of information were social media (29.9 %), television (25.41 %), educational institutions (18.95 %), newspapers (13.65 %), friends (6.39 %), and workplaces (5.91 %). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 31–40 years had lower odds of poor knowledge (OR = 0.57, 95 % CI: 0.39–0.82, p < 0.01) compared to those aged 21–30. Females had higher odds of poor knowledge (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.05–1.81, p = 0.02) than males. Lower education levels were associated with higher odds of poor knowledge. Moreover, non-healthcare workers also had higher odds of poor knowledge compared to healthcare workers. There were regional differences, with varying odds in Rangpur (OR = 0.43, 95 % CI: 0.26–0.70, p < 0.01), Khulna (OR = 1.70, 95 % CI: 1.10–2.61, p = 0.01), and Mymensingh (OR = 2.77, 95 % CI: 1.70–4.53, p < 0.01) compared to Dhaka. The current study underscores the importance of evidence-based educational strategies, and may guide government and policymakers to design future targeted interventions to enhance public health literacy and mitigate the spread of NiV in Bangladesh as well as in its neighbouring countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01Epub Date: 2025-03-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589
Yunyi Li , Xiaoxian Cui , Ai Lin , Wei Tang , Yuying Yang , Wanju Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Zhi Li , Yanqiu Zhou
Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that poses significant public health challenges globally. Since 2001, continuous virologic surveillance has been conducted in Shanghai, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the nucleoprotein (N gene) and fusion gene (F gene) of the measles virus (MeV) over a 21-year period. Between 2001 and 2022, there were a total of 1405 MeV strains isolated by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and prevention (SCDC), including 6 strains of genotype D8, 8 strains of genotype B3, 12 strains of genotype H1b, and the remaining strains of genotype H1a. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the 3′ end of the N gene (450 nt) and the complete sequence of the F gene (1622 nt) from the viral isolates. Sequencing of the RT-PCR products was followed by nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analyses. The substitution rates were for the F and N genes in Shanghai were determined to be 0.89 × 10−3 and 2.20 × 10−3 substitutions site/year, respectively.
Globally, the nucleotide and amino acid similarities of the N gene among 13,498 MeV isolates ranged from 89.1 %–100.0 % and 90.2 %–100.0 %, respectively. Notably, the F gene exhibited 16 high-amino-acid-mutation sites, most of which differed among H1a MeV strains compared to the Shanghai-191 vaccine strain. The deletion of the glycosylation site at aa 9–11(NVS) was primarily observed in H1a and H1b of MeV strains. However, critical functional sites in the F gene remained conserved.
In conclusion, the previously predominant indigenous H1a wild-type measles virus (MeV) has not been detected for over two years, with only imported MeV genotypes currently being identified. It is crucial to strengthen the surveillance of MeV genotypes to facilitate the timely identification and containment of imported measles cases, thereby preventing potential outbreaks.
{"title":"Genetic characterization on the nucleoprotein and fusion gene of wild-type measles virus circulating in Shanghai, 2001–2022","authors":"Yunyi Li , Xiaoxian Cui , Ai Lin , Wei Tang , Yuying Yang , Wanju Zhang , Jiayu Hu , Zhi Li , Yanqiu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2025.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Measles is an acute and highly contagious viral disease that poses significant public health challenges globally. Since 2001, continuous virologic surveillance has been conducted in Shanghai, enabling a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the nucleoprotein (N gene) and fusion gene (F gene) of the measles virus (MeV) over a 21-year period. Between 2001 and 2022, there were a total of 1405 MeV strains isolated by the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and prevention (SCDC), including 6 strains of genotype D8, 8 strains of genotype B3, 12 strains of genotype H1b, and the remaining strains of genotype H1a. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the 3′ end of the N gene (450 nt) and the complete sequence of the F gene (1622 nt) from the viral isolates. Sequencing of the RT-PCR products was followed by nucleotide and amino acid phylogenetic analyses. The substitution rates were for the F and N genes in Shanghai were determined to be 0.89 × 10<sup>−3</sup> and 2.20 × 10<sup>−3</sup> substitutions site<sup>/</sup>year, respectively.</div><div>Globally, the nucleotide and amino acid similarities of the N gene among 13,498 MeV isolates ranged from 89.1 %–100.0 % and 90.2 %–100.0 %, respectively. Notably, the F gene exhibited 16 high-amino-acid-mutation sites, most of which differed among H1a MeV strains compared t<u>o</u> the Shanghai-191 vaccine strain. The deletion of the glycosylation site at aa 9–11(NVS) was primarily observed in H1a and H1b of MeV strains. However, critical functional sites in the F gene remained conserved.</div><div>In conclusion, the previously predominant indigenous H1a wild-type measles virus (MeV) has not been detected for over two years, with only imported MeV genotypes currently being identified. It is crucial to strengthen the surveillance of MeV genotypes to facilitate the timely identification and containment of imported measles cases, thereby preventing potential outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100481
M. Yang, U. Mbonye, S. Wu, C.M. Chang, J. Karn
{"title":"PP2.11 – 00011 The cellular factors BRD4 and HSF1 are critical initiators of P-TEFbdependent HIV-1 latency reversal in primary T cells","authors":"M. Yang, U. Mbonye, S. Wu, C.M. Chang, J. Karn","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 ","pages":"Page 59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100434
M. Nühn, N. Sabet, K. Van Abeelen, P. Schipper, A. Basson, A. Wensing, L. De Witte, M. Papathanasopoulos, M. Nijhuis, J. Symons, Justine T. Blonk, Nanouk Zuidmeer
{"title":"7.5 – 00009 Postmortem analyses of the central nervous system in individuals with HIV demonstrate that infection of microglia contributes to inflammatory pathways despite viral suppression","authors":"M. Nühn, N. Sabet, K. Van Abeelen, P. Schipper, A. Basson, A. Wensing, L. De Witte, M. Papathanasopoulos, M. Nijhuis, J. Symons, Justine T. Blonk, Nanouk Zuidmeer","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 27-28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100447
D. Reeves, M. Litchford, C. Fish, A. Farrell-Sherman, N. Ahmed, M. Poindexter, N. Cassidy, J. Neary, D. Wamalwa, A. Langat, D. Chebet, H. Moraa, J. Slyker, S. Benki-Nugent, L. Cohn, J. Schiffer, J. Overbaugh, G. John-Stewart, D. Lehman
{"title":"ST2.2 – 00065 Models and correlates of intact and defective HIV DNA decay in Kenyan children over 8 years of ART","authors":"D. Reeves, M. Litchford, C. Fish, A. Farrell-Sherman, N. Ahmed, M. Poindexter, N. Cassidy, J. Neary, D. Wamalwa, A. Langat, D. Chebet, H. Moraa, J. Slyker, S. Benki-Nugent, L. Cohn, J. Schiffer, J. Overbaugh, G. John-Stewart, D. Lehman","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 ","pages":"Page 36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100453
K.L. Walker, Y. Thomas, S. Arif, S. Samer, C. Rische, R. Krier, J.A. O’Sullivan, R.L. Redondo, A.M. Carias, T. Russo, M. McRaven, E. Allen, C.T. Thuruthiyil, F. Engleman, E. Martinelli, F. Villinger, B. Bochner, T.J. Hope
{"title":"PP1.4 – 00138 SIV and HIV Infection of Mast Cells","authors":"K.L. Walker, Y. Thomas, S. Arif, S. Samer, C. Rische, R. Krier, J.A. O’Sullivan, R.L. Redondo, A.M. Carias, T. Russo, M. McRaven, E. Allen, C.T. Thuruthiyil, F. Engleman, E. Martinelli, F. Villinger, B. Bochner, T.J. Hope","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 41-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100476
R. Matus Nicodemos, D. Ambrozak, D. Douek, R. Koup
{"title":"PP2.6 – 00048 The HIV reservoir can be established in either quiescent or senescent CD4 T cells","authors":"R. Matus Nicodemos, D. Ambrozak, D. Douek, R. Koup","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 ","pages":"Pages 56-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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