Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences最新文献

Prostrate growth caused by weak stems and variations in upper and basal stem diameters (USD and BSD, respectively) is inherent in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and can be aggravated by increased nitrogen fertiliser. Application of a nitrogen fertiliser rate that minimises variation in stem diameters and increases yield can contribute to improved tomato production. The tomato cvs. Buffalo, Cobra, Kerewa, Roma-Savanna, Roma-VF, Tropimech, and UC-82, were grown at Ilara and Imeko with 0, 30, 50 or 80 kg/ha of 15 N-15P-15 K fertiliser. Application of 15 N-15P-15 K increased stem diameter variation. Tomato cultivated in Ilara produced higher number of fruits and fruit weight/plant than those in Imeko but maintained similar habit (40.5° and 42.3°, respectively) in both locations. ‘Buffalo’ and ‘Roma-VF’ had 42.5° and 22.5^° habits and fruit weights (84.4 and 103 g) above average under low (30 kg/ha) and high (80 kg/ha) rates of 15 N-15P-15 K, respectively; ‘Cobra’ combined erect growth (36.3° and 41.2°) and yield above average (107.4 and 101.5 g) under 30 and 80 kg/ha, respectively across locations. Out of 672 plants sampled, 67.4% had USD > BSD, 18.6% USD < BSD, and 14% had USD = BSD. With increased rates of 15 N-15P-15 K fertiliser up to 80 kg/ha, the percent of plants with USD > BSD increased from 49.4 to 76.2% and increased prostrate angle from 26.4^° to 48.4^°. Higher yield combined with erect growth above average can be achieved with 30 kg/ha in ‘Buffalo’ and ‘Cobra’ across the locations. Application of lower rates of 15 N-15P-15 K fertiliser can help in balancing the trade-off between erect growth and higher fruit yield of tomato.

In this study, caper buds collected in Konya were separated according to their size three different sizes (x ≤ 8 mm, 8 < x ≤ 13 mm, x > 13 mm). Caper buds were fermented at 8% and 12% brine concentration. Antioxidant activity, total phenol, phenolic components, carotenoid, flavonoid, salt, titration acidity and pH analyzes were performed on the 0., 5., 10., 30. and 45. days of the fermentation applied of the caper buds. The pH values of 12% brine concentration medium size caper buds ranged from 4.56 (5th day) to 5.01 (0th day). The titration acidity of small size caper buds with 8% brine concentration ranged from 0.02% (0th day) to 0.21% (30th day). The salt values of small size caper buds with 12% brine concentration varied between 6.22% (30th day) and 12.09% (0th day). In terms of total phenol content, small size caper buds fermented for 10 days and 8% brine concentration had the highest value of 345.31 mg/100 g. The flavonoid content of caper buds was determined as 2633.75 mg/100 g in small sized samples subjected to fermentation for 5 days at the highest 8% brine concentration. The carotenoid values of small size caper buds with 8% brine concentration varied between 0.52 mg/g (30th day) and 2.40 mg/g (0th day) during the fermentation period. It has been determined that the antioxidant activity values increase as fermentation progresses. The phenolic compounds with the highest percentage were found to be gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene and syringic acid. The gallic acid values of medium sized caper buds with 8% brine concentration vary between 21.07 mg/kg (0th day) and 70.27 mg/kg (45th day) during fermentation. The 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid values of small size caper buds with 8% brine concentration were determined between 4.08 mg/kg (0th day) and 37.50 mg/kg (30th day) during fermentation. Dill extract with 0.3% concentration and coriander extract with 0.1% concentration were the most preferred ones in terms of taste.

In the study, the Simple Additive Soil Quality Index (SQI) is used to evaluate soil quality in Tehsil Charsadda, District Charsadda, Pakistan. Organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), phosphorus (P), acidity and basicity (pH), estimated nitrogen (EN), and soil texture were the parameters evaluated. The whole research region was split into 1*1 km grids for data collection, and samples were gathered from each grid along with XY coordinates. An augur was used to collect 172 samples from a depth of 30 to 45 cm. The collected samples were analyzed at the Agriculture Department in Charsadda. The index value for each soil quality indicator was determined, and then normalization was performed. Each SQ parameter was assigned a threshold value based on expert judgment and a review of the literature. The index values of each SQ parameter were added up to determine the SQI value. Using the Simple Additive Soil Quality Index (SQI), the area under poorly fertile soil accounts for 4835.52 ha (10.91%), moderately fertile soil accounts for 11853.90 ha (30.33%), and highly fertile soil accounts for nearly half of the research area (17338.1 ha (48.27%). The exceptionally productive soil is located in a large patch along the western boundary of the study area. Patches of poor fertile soil are generally found in the central, northern, and northeastern parts of the study area.

The post-harvest management of oranges is critical in Iran, given their importance as an agricultural commodity and a significant source of income for farmers. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutritional treatments and storage coatings on the yield and quality of Thomson Novel oranges in post-harvest conditions. A two-year factorial experiment was conducted in Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, to evaluate the effects of four nutritional treatments and nine storage coatings on the quality parameters of Thomson Novel oranges during post-harvest storage. The quality traits were monitored at 45-day intervals over the course of the study. Based on the results of ANOVA, both the individual effects of nutritional treatments and storage coatings were found to be statistically significant for all measured parameters, including fruit texture firmness, fruit peel thickness, vitamin C, titratable acidity, fruit sugar, fruit pH, and fresh weight. However, the interaction effects of nutritional treatments and storage coatings were only significant for fresh weight. The study found that the foliar application of potassium had a positive effect on post-harvest orange quality, while nylon and Xeda wax were the most effective storage coatings for improving various fruit quality parameters. These findings highlight the importance of using appropriate nutritional treatments and storage coatings to enhance the quality and prolong the shelf life of oranges during storage.

Broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche species) are parasitic weeds that infect crops. To evaluate crops that can reduce broomrape damage as a trap or catch crop, two experiments were conducted for three years (2018–2020) under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the tested crops were classified into three groups. The first group was non-hosts of P. mutelii, including cotton, garlic, flax, and cowpea. The second group of crops acted as catch crops and was parasitized by P.mutelii, including faba bean, annual red clover, mung bean, and hairy vetch. Among the catch crops, hairy vetch had the highest percentage of P. mutelii reduction in shoot numbers and dry biomass by 81% and 85%, respectively. Also, the highest percentage increase in shoot and root dry biomass was achieved by 70% and 79% in rapeseed-hairy vetch rotation. The third group was berseem clover which acted as a trap crop and stimulated.

P. mutelii seed germination without supporting parasitism. If berseem clover is sown as a trap crop in rotation with rapeseed infested by P. mutelii, it can reduce shoot numbers and dry biomass of broomrape by 70% and increase the dry biomass of aerial parts and roots of rapeseed by 62% and 60%, respectively.

The effect of enzyme and different heat treatments on the dehulling of the sesame seed coat were investigated.The amount of crust removed was determined to be 11.23–14.08%for no pre-treatment seed (NPM),seed dipped into boiling water (BW),steam treated seed (ST)and seed kept frozen at −18 °C (FT).While ash contents of sesame seeds change between 2.77% (steam treated sesame seed) and 4.44% (seed peeled using traditional methods), crude protein contents of seeds varied between 20.40% (raw sesame seed) and 24.29%(no-pretreatment).In addition, the oil contents of seeds were determined between 53.85%(raw sesame seed) and 61.83%(no-pretreatment).Also, while oleic acid contents of of seed oils vary between 39.62% (dipped into boiling) and 40.18%(seed peeled using traditional methods),linoleic acid contents of oils ranged from 43.76%(seed peeled using traditional methods) to 44.56%(steam treated). It has been found that the enzyme application is more effective in peeling sesame seed husks than the traditional peel method.

The kampong chicken farming industry has excellent potential to develop in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the growth of kampong chickens in order to obtain an optimal quality of meat and eggs. This research aims to study the growth morphology of the gastrointestinal tract, pectoralis thoracicus muscle, lymphoid organs and visceral index in kampong chickens. In this study, 100 male and female KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) chickens were used, which were reared from post-hatching to 63 days of age. Parameters measured were body weight, organ index, body morphometry, and morphology of small intestine, pectoralis thoracicus muscle, and lymphoid organs. Organ histological preparations were made using paraffin methods, Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue (PAS-AB) staining. The results showed that the growth rate of the small intestine and the lymphoid organ peaked at 35 to 49 days of age, while the maximal growth rate of the pectoralis thoracicus muscle occurred at 21 to 35 days and experienced a decrease later at 35 days. The growth index of the viscera started to decrease at 35 days. Body weight reached optimum growth rate at 42 to 45 days of age, while chicken body morphometry continued to increase until 63 days old. The conclusions of the study is that the small intestine, pectoralis thoracicus muscle, and lymphoid organ of kampong chicken experienced rapid growth during 35 to 49 days post-hatch. Therefore, in kampong chicken, the appropriate nutritional management should be increased between day zero and 49 post-hatch.

In Jordan, the public is still unaware of the fate and impact of pesticide application. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes, knowledge and practices of undergraduate students enrolled in various academic departments at the Faculty of Agriculture, Mutah University, Jordan toward pesticides’ residues in food and feed. Students were questioned about their social aspects, and food and feed safety knowledge and resources. Responses have been obtained from 209 responding students. Results indicated that the cross-section through the Faculty of Agriculture, Mutah University, Jordan appears a satisfactory. The findings show that respondents are very highly concerned about human health, food safety, and the risk of environmental pollution, and they have a real desire to reduce the use of pesticides. Respondents had a moderate level of knowledge about food safety, pesticides’ side effects, pesticides’ residues in food or feed, and usage of pesticides in homes and gardens. According to the respondents, the most common way that people are exposed to pesticide residues is by consuming pesticide residues in food. The respondents expressed a moderate level of concern about their attitudes toward organic farming adoption. Correlations between demographic variables and knowledge of food and feed safety, involving a workshop on food/feed safety, care about human health as well as environmental pollution, and looking for information on food/feed safety were reported in the study.

Cereal crops dominate crop production and human diet in Ethiopia. In the present study major cereal crops production data for Ethiopia was analyzed using time-series analysis. Major cereal crops production of years 2000/01 to 2020/21 at national level of private peasant holdings during “Meher” season in Ethiopia was used as input to forecast the cereal crops production up to the year 2020 to 2030. The non-parametric Mann Kendall trend test was used with PAST (Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis) software to conduct the trend test. The Box-Jenkins Aautoregressive Integrated Moving Average (or ARIMA) method was put into use to forecast the production. The result shows that grain production had a significant increasing trend. Despite the differences in magnitude, all crops showed an increasing trend in production over the years. Mann-Kendall trend test showed significant trend for all crops. ARIMA and any of the smoothing models were found good in terms of R² and AIC. Predictions of cereal crops production using ARIMA between 2020 and 2030 years showed increasing trends in all crops. Teff was forecasted from 5.8 tons at the beginning (2020/1) to 7.8 tons at the end of the forecast period (2030). Similarly, maize was forecasted from about 11 to 14, wheat from 6 to 7.5, sorghum from 5 to 7, and barley from 2.3 to 2.7. Increments ranged in between about 20% to 40%.