Pub Date : 1997-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1997.10642056
I. Rotanova, A. Shcherbakov
The paper briefly reviews the design and compilation of a map of natural ecological zones in Altay Kray of West Siberia. Methodological considerations and map content are both described, and particular attention is devoted to outlining the design of the map legend—a matrix consisting of categories of land use/use intensity (rows) and types of human impact on the environment (columns). Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 2, pp. 140-142.
本文简要回顾了西西伯利亚阿勒泰地区自然生态区地图的设计与编制。对方法考虑和地图内容都进行了描述，并特别注意概述了地图图例的设计——一个由土地使用/使用强度类别(行)和人类对环境影响类型(列)组成的矩阵。Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308，摘自:Geografiya i prirodnyye ressy, 1996, No. 2, pp. 140-142。
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Pub Date : 1997-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1997.10642055
N. Mitina
Because of the difficulties in the study of the coastal zone, a search for indirect interpretation keys for coastal marine landscapes is extremely timely. This paper describes a remote sensing program based on recognition, identification (classification), and mapping of bottom natural complexes (BNC) in shallow parts of the Sea of Japan, extending for a distance of 60 km along the coast. Indirect interpretation keys were identified for BNC of the coastal zone of the sea, which include type of shoreline relief, shoreline configuration, and river runoff. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, No. 5, pp. 135-140.
由于海岸带研究的困难，寻找海岸带海洋景观的间接解释关键是非常及时的。本文介绍了一种基于日本海浅层海底自然复合体(BNC)识别、识别(分类)和制图的遥感方案，该方案沿海岸延伸60 km。确定了海岸带BNC的间接解释关键，包括岸线地形类型、岸线形态和河流径流。由Edward Torrey译，Alexandria VA 22308，摘自:Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, No. 5, pp. 135-140。
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Pub Date : 1997-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1997.10642053
L. Sukhacheva
A multi-year series of remote sensing images of the Neva Inlet and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland was analyzed to determine the spatial-temporal variability of the distribution of suspended matter at different scales. Synoptic, seasonal, and interannual variability in the distribution of suspended matter is analyzed, taking into consideration distinctive characteristics of the waters of the Neva Inlet reflecting the variability of sea level and seasonal stratification of water masses. The contributions to pollution of the Inlet by dredging of bottom sediments and construction of urban areas are investigated and the Inlet's present condition is compared to that prevailing during the 1980s.
{"title":"SPACE-TIME FLUCTUATIONS IN SUSPENDED-MATTER CONTENT IN THE GULF OF FINLAND FROM REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY","authors":"L. Sukhacheva","doi":"10.1080/07493878.1997.10642053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1997.10642053","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-year series of remote sensing images of the Neva Inlet and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland was analyzed to determine the spatial-temporal variability of the distribution of suspended matter at different scales. Synoptic, seasonal, and interannual variability in the distribution of suspended matter is analyzed, taking into consideration distinctive characteristics of the waters of the Neva Inlet reflecting the variability of sea level and seasonal stratification of water masses. The contributions to pollution of the Inlet by dredging of bottom sediments and construction of urban areas are investigated and the Inlet's present condition is compared to that prevailing during the 1980s.","PeriodicalId":175956,"journal":{"name":"Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131940232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1997.10642052
R. Galiulin, V. Bashkin, R. R. Galiulina
Three Russian environmental scientists describe a program of monitoring and mapping of accumulations of the now-banned pesticide DDT in a major area of irrigation agriculture in the republic of Uzbekistan—the Samarkand Oasis. Measurements from soil, water, and river/lake/canal bottom sediment samples were taken within the zone of irrigated crop cultivation along the Zeravshan River. The final map product is intended not only as a graphic tool for depicting the spatial distribution of accumulated DDT residues and derivative metabolic compounds, but as an operational document supporting the implementation of measures to mitigate the environmental hazard they pose. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 51-54.
三位俄罗斯环境科学家描述了在乌兹别克斯坦共和国的一个主要灌溉农业地区——撒马尔罕绿洲，对现已被禁止的杀虫剂滴滴涕的积累进行监测和绘制地图的项目。土壤、水和河流/湖泊/运河底部沉积物样本的测量是在泽拉夫山河沿岸灌溉作物种植区内进行的。最终的地图产品不仅是作为描绘累积的滴滴涕残留物和衍生代谢化合物的空间分布的图形工具，而且是作为支持实施减轻其造成的环境危害的措施的业务文件。Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308，摘自:Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 51-54。
{"title":"CARTOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL QUANTITIES OF DDT IN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF SAMARKAND OASIS, UZBEKISTAN","authors":"R. Galiulin, V. Bashkin, R. R. Galiulina","doi":"10.1080/07493878.1997.10642052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1997.10642052","url":null,"abstract":"Three Russian environmental scientists describe a program of monitoring and mapping of accumulations of the now-banned pesticide DDT in a major area of irrigation agriculture in the republic of Uzbekistan—the Samarkand Oasis. Measurements from soil, water, and river/lake/canal bottom sediment samples were taken within the zone of irrigated crop cultivation along the Zeravshan River. The final map product is intended not only as a graphic tool for depicting the spatial distribution of accumulated DDT residues and derivative metabolic compounds, but as an operational document supporting the implementation of measures to mitigate the environmental hazard they pose. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 51-54.","PeriodicalId":175956,"journal":{"name":"Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128044981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1997.10642051
B. Zhukov, D. Oertel
The results of modeling the procedure of synthesizing data from an imaging spectrometer (IS) and a multispectral scanner (MSS) with low and high spatial resolutions, respectively, are presented. The synthesis method makes it possible to develop a classification and determine the spatial distribution of the sensed features at the high spatial resolution of MSS imagery and to retrieve their spectra with the spectroradiometric detail of IS measurements. It is shown that with an IS signal-to-noise ratio of no less than 50, a geometric matching of IS and MSS data with an accuracy of no less than 0.1 of an IS pixel along both axes, and with allowance for the IS real point-spread function, the spectral nonuniformity of the classes and the errors in retrieving the spectra fall within the range of several percentage points, with a ratio of the IS and MSS spatial resolutions of 4-8 and ∼10% with a ratio of resolutions of 16-32.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF IMAGING SPECTROMETER AND MULTISPECTRAL SCANNER DATA OF DIFFERENT SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS","authors":"B. Zhukov, D. Oertel","doi":"10.1080/07493878.1997.10642051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1997.10642051","url":null,"abstract":"The results of modeling the procedure of synthesizing data from an imaging spectrometer (IS) and a multispectral scanner (MSS) with low and high spatial resolutions, respectively, are presented. The synthesis method makes it possible to develop a classification and determine the spatial distribution of the sensed features at the high spatial resolution of MSS imagery and to retrieve their spectra with the spectroradiometric detail of IS measurements. It is shown that with an IS signal-to-noise ratio of no less than 50, a geometric matching of IS and MSS data with an accuracy of no less than 0.1 of an IS pixel along both axes, and with allowance for the IS real point-spread function, the spectral nonuniformity of the classes and the errors in retrieving the spectra fall within the range of several percentage points, with a ratio of the IS and MSS spatial resolutions of 4-8 and ∼10% with a ratio of resolutions of 16-32.","PeriodicalId":175956,"journal":{"name":"Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131386663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1997.10642050
A. Kitov
The author provides an introduction to a number of basic geographic software packages and discuses their potential applicability in the Russian context, especially with respect to geographic information systems. Particular attention is devoted to problems of merging vector and raster data and the development, by the Siberian Section of the Russian Academy of Sciences, of videoimage identification software designed to expedite geographers' capabilities when working in digital image processing and GIS (VORS software). Use of the VORS software is illustrated via applications in image processing and mapping of areas impacted by oil and gas drilling, forested tracts in the Buryat Republic, and land use in a river basin. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 158-170.
作者介绍了一些基本的地理软件包，并讨论了它们在俄罗斯环境中的潜在适用性，特别是在地理信息系统方面。特别关注矢量和栅格数据合并的问题，以及俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分部开发的视频图像识别软件，旨在提高地理学家从事数字图像处理和地理信息系统(VORS软件)工作的能力。VORS软件的使用通过图像处理和绘制受石油和天然气钻探影响的地区、布里亚特共和国的森林地带和流域土地利用的应用来说明。Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308，摘自:Geografiya i prirodnyye ressy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 158-170。
{"title":"SOFTWARE AND METHODS FOR DIGITAL PROCESSING OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY IN GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH","authors":"A. Kitov","doi":"10.1080/07493878.1997.10642050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07493878.1997.10642050","url":null,"abstract":"The author provides an introduction to a number of basic geographic software packages and discuses their potential applicability in the Russian context, especially with respect to geographic information systems. Particular attention is devoted to problems of merging vector and raster data and the development, by the Siberian Section of the Russian Academy of Sciences, of videoimage identification software designed to expedite geographers' capabilities when working in digital image processing and GIS (VORS software). Use of the VORS software is illustrated via applications in image processing and mapping of areas impacted by oil and gas drilling, forested tracts in the Buryat Republic, and land use in a river basin. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 4, pp. 158-170.","PeriodicalId":175956,"journal":{"name":"Mapping Sciences & Remote Sensing","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123974917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1996.10642033
V. N. Anderson
The methodological problems encountered in geosystems modeling in an automated medium are discussed on the basis of general GIS applications in human geography. Geographic information modeling is examined as a new methodological paradigm, the basis for which is the symbiosis between a research geographer and a computer. Specific examples are used to demonstrate the potential for use of such modeling to solve basic and applied problems in social and economic geography. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, No. 2, pp. 124-130.
本文以GIS在人文地理中的一般应用为基础，讨论了自动化环境下地质系统建模中遇到的方法问题。地理信息建模作为一种新的方法论范式进行研究，其基础是研究地理学家和计算机之间的共生关系。具体的例子被用来证明使用这种模型来解决社会和经济地理学的基本问题和应用问题的潜力。Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308，摘自:Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, No. 2, pp. 124-130。
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Pub Date : 1996-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1996.10642038
D. Vishnevskiy, A. Kharchenko
The authors outline their experience in the design and compilation of a new type of general reference economic map for oblast-level units of the Russian Federation. The maps are intended as advanced products (in terms of comprehensiveness, quality of generalization, and practical utility). More specifically, the program leading to the development of 1:500,000- to 1:1,250,000-scale maps of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Primorskiy and Khabarovsk krays of the Russian Far East is reviewed with an eye toward identification of organizational and methodological principles appropriate to mapping programs in administrative-territorial units elsewhere in the Russian Federation. A concluding section presents one variant of a legend that can be used for such maps. Translated by: Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Rossiyskogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, 1995, No. 4, pp. 11-16.
作者概述了他们在设计和编制俄罗斯联邦州一级单位的新型一般参考经济地图方面的经验。这些地图旨在作为高级产品(在全面性、泛化质量和实用性方面)。更具体地说，该计划导致开发1:50万至1:125万比例尺的犹太自治州和俄罗斯远东地区的Primorskiy和Khabarovsk地区的地图，着眼于确定适合于俄罗斯联邦其他地方行政领土单位测绘计划的组织和方法原则。最后一节介绍了一种可用于此类地图的图例的变体。译自:Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308，摘自:Izvestiya Rossiyskogo Geograficheskogo obshcheva, 1995, No. 4, pp. 11-16。
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Pub Date : 1996-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1996.10642035
B. Vinogradov, K. Kulik
Experience in regional mapping of the long-term dynamics of desertification and degradation of lands in the Kalmyk Republic on the basis of aerial photographs and space imagery for 1954-1984 and 1954-1993 is reviewed. Using the index of change in the area of moving sands and deflation surfaces measured from the photographs and images, isarithms measuring the growth in their area (at an interval of 100 hectares/year/pixel) are plotted. The use of such dynamic isarithmic maps makes it possible to compute the areas of intense, strong, moderate, and weak desertification, as well as the absence of desertification within the limits of the region. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, No. 2, pp. 131-140.
审查了根据1954-1984年和1954-1993年航空照片和空间图象对卡尔梅克共和国土地沙漠化和退化的长期动态进行区域制图的经验。利用从照片和图像中测量到的流沙和收缩表面面积的变化指数，绘制了测量其面积增长的等差图(以100公顷/年/像素为间隔)。利用这种动态地图图，可以计算出区域范围内严重、严重、中度和轻度沙漠化的地区，以及没有沙漠化的地区。Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308，摘自:Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1996, No. 2, pp. 131-140。
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Pub Date : 1996-10-01DOI: 10.1080/07493878.1996.10642036
Yu. N. Krasnoshchekov, Y. Cherednikova, G. Tsedendash
The paper describes the organization and preliminary results of a joint Mongolian-Russian program for mapping forest vegetation in an area of Mongolia adjacent to the Russian border. The project involved the compilation of a map of ecosystems, which provided a base for a subsequently prepared map of ecosystem disturbance by humans. The paper includes a discussion of procedures followed in compilation of the legends of the two maps, as well as a detailed analysis of the spatial patterns of human disturbance revealed by analysis of the second map. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 3, pp. 135-144.
本文描述了蒙古-俄罗斯联合计划的组织和初步结果，该计划旨在绘制蒙古与俄罗斯边境相邻地区的森林植被。该项目包括编制生态系统地图，为随后编制的人类干扰生态系统地图提供基础。本文讨论了两幅地图图例的编制过程，并详细分析了第二幅地图所揭示的人为干扰的空间格局。Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308摘自:Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1996, No. 3, pp. 135-144。
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