Hannah E. Clark, Lauren A. Trepanier, Michael W. Wood
Cinacalcet is an oral calcimimetic that has potential to non-invasively treat primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs (Canis lupis familiaris). There is minimal data assessing its efficacy in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether a single dose of cinacalcet decreases serum ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Twelve dogs received a median dose of 0.49 mg/kg (range 0.30–0.69 mg/kg) cinacalcet per os. Venous blood samples were collected at time 0 (before cinacalcet administration), 3, 8, and 24 h following cinacalcet administration. PTH, iCa, and tCa concentrations were measured at each time point and compared to 0 hour concentrations. A significant (50%) decrease in serum PTH occurred at 3 h with a median PTH of 4.6 pmol/L (range 2.7–10.8) at baseline and 1.65 pmol/L (range 0.5–14.7) at 3 h; p = .005. A significant, but not clinically relevant, decrease in serum iCa from a median baseline of 1.340 mmol/L (range 1.32–1.41) to a 3 h median of 1.325 mmol/L (range 1.26–1.39), p = .043, was also observed. tCa concentrations were not different. This study showed that a single dose of cinacalcet leads to transient decreases in iCa and PTH concentrations in healthy dogs.
{"title":"Oral cinacalcet administration decreases serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy dogs","authors":"Hannah E. Clark, Lauren A. Trepanier, Michael W. Wood","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cinacalcet is an oral calcimimetic that has potential to non-invasively treat primary hyperparathyroidism in dogs (<i>Canis lupis familiaris</i>). There is minimal data assessing its efficacy in dogs. This study aimed to determine whether a single dose of cinacalcet decreases serum ionized calcium (iCa), total calcium (tCa), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Twelve dogs received a median dose of 0.49 mg/kg (range 0.30–0.69 mg/kg) cinacalcet per os. Venous blood samples were collected at time 0 (before cinacalcet administration), 3, 8, and 24 h following cinacalcet administration. PTH, iCa, and tCa concentrations were measured at each time point and compared to 0 hour concentrations. A significant (50%) decrease in serum PTH occurred at 3 h with a median PTH of 4.6 pmol/L (range 2.7–10.8) at baseline and 1.65 pmol/L (range 0.5–14.7) at 3 h; <i>p</i> = .005. A significant, but not clinically relevant, decrease in serum iCa from a median baseline of 1.340 mmol/L (range 1.32–1.41) to a 3 h median of 1.325 mmol/L (range 1.26–1.39), <i>p</i> = .043, was also observed. tCa concentrations were not different. This study showed that a single dose of cinacalcet leads to transient decreases in iCa and PTH concentrations in healthy dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvp.13443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joe S. Smith, Grace D. Malla, Jessica D. Garcia, Jessica E. Gebert, Charlene V. Noll, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Heather K. Knych
Lameness is a significant welfare concern in goats. Amphotericin B is used via intraarticular (IA) administration in models to study experimentally induced lameness in large animals. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for amphotericin B in goats after a single IA administration. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered to ten Kiko-cross goats at a dose of 10 mg total (range: 0.34–0.51 mg/kg) via IA administration into the right hind lateral distal interphalangeal joint. Plasma samples were collected over 96 h. Amphotericin B concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A non-compartmental analysis was used to derive PK parameters. Following single IA administration, maximum plasma concentration was estimated at 54.6 ± 16.5 ng/mL, and time to maximum concentration ranged from 6 to 12 h. Elimination half-life was estimated at 30.9 ± 16.5 h, and mean residence time was 45.1 ± 10.4 h. The volume of distribution after IA administration was 13.3 ± 9.4 L/kg. The area under the curve was 1481 ± 761 h*ng/mL. The achieved maximum concentration was less than the observed concentrations for other species and routes of administration. Further research is needed into the pharmacodynamics of IA liposomal amphotericin B in goats to determine specific research strategies.
跛足是山羊的一个重要福利问题。两性霉素 B 可通过关节内给药用于研究大型动物实验性跛行的模型。本研究的主要目的是估算山羊一次IA给药后两性霉素B的血浆药代动力学(PK)参数。通过在右后外侧远端指间关节内注射两性霉素 B 脂质体,给 10 只 Kiko 杂交山羊注射了总剂量为 10 毫克(范围:0.34-0.51 毫克/千克)的两性霉素 B 脂质体。通过液相色谱/质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测量两性霉素 B 的浓度。采用非室分析法得出 PK 参数。单次给药后,最大血浆浓度估计为 54.6 ± 16.5 纳克/毫升,达到最大浓度的时间为 6 至 12 小时。曲线下面积为 1481 ± 761 h*ng/mL。所达到的最大浓度低于其他物种和给药途径的观察浓度。需要进一步研究山羊体内两性霉素 B 脂质体的药效学,以确定具体的研究策略。
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of intraarticular liposomal amphotericin B in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)","authors":"Joe S. Smith, Grace D. Malla, Jessica D. Garcia, Jessica E. Gebert, Charlene V. Noll, Pierre-Yves Mulon, Heather K. Knych","doi":"10.1111/jvp.13442","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.13442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lameness is a significant welfare concern in goats. Amphotericin B is used via intraarticular (IA) administration in models to study experimentally induced lameness in large animals. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for amphotericin B in goats after a single IA administration. Liposomal amphotericin B was administered to ten Kiko-cross goats at a dose of 10 mg total (range: 0.34–0.51 mg/kg) via IA administration into the right hind lateral distal interphalangeal joint. Plasma samples were collected over 96 h. Amphotericin B concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). A non-compartmental analysis was used to derive PK parameters. Following single IA administration, maximum plasma concentration was estimated at 54.6 ± 16.5 ng/mL, and time to maximum concentration ranged from 6 to 12 h. Elimination half-life was estimated at 30.9 ± 16.5 h, and mean residence time was 45.1 ± 10.4 h. The volume of distribution after IA administration was 13.3 ± 9.4 L/kg. The area under the curve was 1481 ± 761 h*ng/mL. The achieved maximum concentration was less than the observed concentrations for other species and routes of administration. Further research is needed into the pharmacodynamics of IA liposomal amphotericin B in goats to determine specific research strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charbel Fadel, Beata Łebkowska-Wieruszewska, Andrzej Lisowski, Firas Serih, Amnart Poapolathep, Mario Giorgi
This study investigates the pharmacokinetics (PK) of deracoxib (DX), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in sheep and goats following a single oral dose. DX, approved for dogs, holds potential as an alternative NSAID in small ruminants, particularly in light of heightened concern regarding abomasal ulceration. The study employed an oral administration of DX at a dose of 150 mg/head (sheep and goats), and plasma concentrations were determined after validating a high-performance liquid chromatography method, coupled to a UV detector. The PK parameters, including maximum plasma concentration (C