Pub Date : 2016-01-27DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000293
N. Dhiman, Charles J Yourshaw, M. Chintalapudi, C. Turner, E. Murphy
Background: Quantitative multiplex PCR assay for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) based on the detection of the predominant contributory targets was evaluated against the conventional Nugent Score that is laborious and subjective due to morphological assessment bias of BV-associated bacteria. Methods: 125 dual vaginal specimens were collected from patients aged ≥18 years at the time of presentation at the provider office to perform real time PCR and Nugent Testing. PCR assessment of BV was performed by quantitation of DNA amounts of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus spp., and total amount of bacterial DNA using a multiplex RT-PCR kit (ATRiDA, Netherlands). Discordant results were resolved by the Amsel criteria or ancillary testing such as BD Affirm, when available. Results: Nugent score classified 36.36% of the patients in BV and 15.45% in transitional BV categories. In contrast, the PCR method called 48.18% as BV and 12.72% as transitional BV or BV of unspecified origin categories. The overall concordance between the two methods was 81.81%. None of the BV positives by Nugent method were missed by the PCR. There were only 2 intermediates by Nugent that were called normal by PCR. PCR method was more sensitive than the Nugent and picked an additional 11% positives. Conclusions: PCR based molecular BV diagnosis can standardize women health testing by removing the bias due to subjective interpretation of Nugent scoring. Our study shows that PCR method is more sensitive than conventional testing and may be a promising replacement for laborious Nugent scoring method in an era of shrinking microbiology expertise.
{"title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of a Multiplex Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay forBacterial Vaginosis","authors":"N. Dhiman, Charles J Yourshaw, M. Chintalapudi, C. Turner, E. Murphy","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quantitative multiplex PCR assay for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) based on the detection of the predominant contributory targets was evaluated against the conventional Nugent Score that is laborious and subjective due to morphological assessment bias of BV-associated bacteria. \u0000Methods: 125 dual vaginal specimens were collected from patients aged ≥18 years at the time of presentation at the provider office to perform real time PCR and Nugent Testing. PCR assessment of BV was performed by quantitation of DNA amounts of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Lactobacillus spp., and total amount of bacterial DNA using a multiplex RT-PCR kit (ATRiDA, Netherlands). Discordant results were resolved by the Amsel criteria or ancillary testing such as BD Affirm, when available. \u0000Results: Nugent score classified 36.36% of the patients in BV and 15.45% in transitional BV categories. In contrast, the PCR method called 48.18% as BV and 12.72% as transitional BV or BV of unspecified origin categories. The overall concordance between the two methods was 81.81%. None of the BV positives by Nugent method were missed by the PCR. There were only 2 intermediates by Nugent that were called normal by PCR. PCR method was more sensitive than the Nugent and picked an additional 11% positives. \u0000Conclusions: PCR based molecular BV diagnosis can standardize women health testing by removing the bias due to subjective interpretation of Nugent scoring. Our study shows that PCR method is more sensitive than conventional testing and may be a promising replacement for laborious Nugent scoring method in an era of shrinking microbiology expertise.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81845643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-25DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000292
L. Ena, Bekana Fekecha Hurissa, S. Aliyu
Background: Sexual activities among adolescents have been reported as increasing worldwide. Risky sexual behaviors are among the factors that increase the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences such as unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, STIs including HIV/AIDS and others. Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia are highly exposed to various risky sexual behaviors. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards risky sexual behaviors among adolescents of Jimma university community high school Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Total sample size of the study was selected by using stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation to size of each stratum. Data was collected using structured, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using chi-square and p value less than 0.05 was considered forstatically significant. Result: Majority of the respondents 73.8% knew about risks of sexual behaviors. Above 1/3 (34.93%) of them got information about sexual matter from parents.76.86% had good knowledge about risky sexual behavior. About 32.75% of them had at least one sexual intercourse before the study. Among them, 27.07% had sex 3 months prior to the study, out of which only 43.55% used condom and 36 (58.06%) had sex with multiple partners; 6.11% &15.72% practiced homosexuality and masturbation respectively. Conclusion: There was high practice of sexual activity, high prevalence of premarital sex, low utilization of condom and contraceptives and only around half of the participants thought that condom prevents HIV/AIDS.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Risky Sexual Behaviors among Adolescents of Jimma University Community High School, South West Ethiopia, 2015","authors":"L. Ena, Bekana Fekecha Hurissa, S. Aliyu","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexual activities among adolescents have been reported as increasing worldwide. Risky sexual behaviors are among the factors that increase the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences such as unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, STIs including HIV/AIDS and others. Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia are highly exposed to various risky sexual behaviors. \u0000Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards risky sexual behaviors among adolescents of Jimma university community high school \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Total sample size of the study was selected by using stratified random sampling technique with proportional allocation to size of each stratum. Data was collected using structured, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using chi-square and p value less than 0.05 was considered forstatically significant. \u0000Result: Majority of the respondents 73.8% knew about risks of sexual behaviors. Above 1/3 (34.93%) of them got information about sexual matter from parents.76.86% had good knowledge about risky sexual behavior. About 32.75% of them had at least one sexual intercourse before the study. Among them, 27.07% had sex 3 months prior to the study, out of which only 43.55% used condom and 36 (58.06%) had sex with multiple partners; 6.11% &15.72% practiced homosexuality and masturbation respectively. \u0000Conclusion: There was high practice of sexual activity, high prevalence of premarital sex, low utilization of condom and contraceptives and only around half of the participants thought that condom prevents HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86900253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000291
M. Ruddock, Cherith N. Reid, J. Lamont, S. Fitzgerald
The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine (haematuria), which is usually painless. Haematuria can be frank (macroscopic), visible to the patient, or invisible (microscopic), which is normally detected during a routine urine dipstick test. Haematuria in its visible and invisible forms can represent a disease process within the urinary tract. These diseases can range from benign causes to malignant causes such as bladder cancer. Indeed, it is common for no obvious cause to be identified after detailed investigations. These investigations include cystoscopy, cytology and radiological imaging of the upper urinary tract. In many cases, there are significant delays in diagnosing bladder cancer in women as many women ignore the most basic symptom, haematuria which they often associate with menstruation or menopause. Furthermore, even after the problem has been reported to their GP, haematuria can still be misdiagnosed as cystitis or a urinary tract infection. Women are less likely than men to undergo a complete and timely evaluation for haematuria. As such, there can be a significant delay in a bladder cancer diagnosis. Late diagnosis and developing rare forms of the disease are among the possible factors which may explain the disparity between male and female bladder cancer survival rates.
{"title":"One, 5 and 10 Year Net Survival Rates for Male and Female Bladder Cancer Patients; Why are they so Different?","authors":"M. Ruddock, Cherith N. Reid, J. Lamont, S. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000291","url":null,"abstract":"The most common symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine (haematuria), which is usually painless. Haematuria can be frank (macroscopic), visible to the patient, or invisible (microscopic), which is normally detected during a routine urine dipstick test. Haematuria in its visible and invisible forms can represent a disease process within the urinary tract. These diseases can range from benign causes to malignant causes such as bladder cancer. Indeed, it is common for no obvious cause to be identified after detailed investigations. These investigations include cystoscopy, cytology and radiological imaging of the upper urinary tract. In many cases, there are significant delays in diagnosing bladder cancer in women as many women ignore the most basic symptom, haematuria which they often associate with menstruation or menopause. Furthermore, even after the problem has been reported to their GP, haematuria can still be misdiagnosed as cystitis or a urinary tract infection. Women are less likely than men to undergo a complete and timely evaluation for haematuria. As such, there can be a significant delay in a bladder cancer diagnosis. Late diagnosis and developing rare forms of the disease are among the possible factors which may explain the disparity between male and female bladder cancer survival rates.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76423950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-18DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000289
L. B. A. Ketbi, N. Nagelkerke, H. Mirghani
Objectives: UAE pregnant women have a higher prevalence, of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes and gestational diabetes. This justifies outcome mapping in relation to blood sugar. Research Design and Methods: A hundred ninety-eight healthy UAE pregnant women enrolled in primary health care centers in 2010-2011 were followed in the hospital for outcome of pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective chart review, Surveyed exposure variables: demographic data, obstetric history, BMI, Blood pressure, Hemoglobin, early trimester glucose levels fasting and 1hr after breakfast, second trimester OGTT. Primary outcomes were: gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, fetal weight, and baby admission to SCABU or death. Results: A non-significant trend between birth weight and the different glucose levels was found. Surprisingly, small for gestational age babies are seen in mothers with lower 1 hr OGTT. FBS OGTT was associated with the occurrence of pregnancy complications as PET (p<0.012). Only mothers with high BMI and parity appear more likely to have larger babies (p< 0.008, p<0.038). Delivery complications were more common in older women and those with lower parity (p<0.034, p<0.013), GDM was more common in obese women (p<0.033) and 1 hour OGTT with 2 hr OGTT, FBS OGTT and increasing age (p<0.00001, p<0.008, p<0.012). Conclusion: OGTT was not helpful in predicting outcome in this population. Large Birth weight babies were not more common in women with higher glucose levels but obesity was associated with larger babies significantly.
{"title":"Blood Glucose Levels and Pregnancy Outcome in a High-risk Population","authors":"L. B. A. Ketbi, N. Nagelkerke, H. Mirghani","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000289","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: UAE pregnant women have a higher prevalence, of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes and gestational diabetes. This justifies outcome mapping in relation to blood sugar. \u0000Research Design and Methods: A hundred ninety-eight healthy UAE pregnant women enrolled in primary health care centers in 2010-2011 were followed in the hospital for outcome of pregnancy. \u0000Methods: Retrospective chart review, Surveyed exposure variables: demographic data, obstetric history, BMI, Blood pressure, Hemoglobin, early trimester glucose levels fasting and 1hr after breakfast, second trimester OGTT. Primary outcomes were: gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, fetal weight, and baby admission to SCABU or death. \u0000Results: A non-significant trend between birth weight and the different glucose levels was found. Surprisingly, small for gestational age babies are seen in mothers with lower 1 hr OGTT. FBS OGTT was associated with the occurrence of pregnancy complications as PET (p<0.012). Only mothers with high BMI and parity appear more likely to have larger babies (p< 0.008, p<0.038). Delivery complications were more common in older women and those with lower parity (p<0.034, p<0.013), GDM was more common in obese women (p<0.033) and 1 hour OGTT with 2 hr OGTT, FBS OGTT and increasing age (p<0.00001, p<0.008, p<0.012). \u0000Conclusion: OGTT was not helpful in predicting outcome in this population. Large Birth weight babies were not more common in women with higher glucose levels but obesity was associated with larger babies significantly.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87865531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-10DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000288
Eskedar Demissie, Fantahun Dessie, F. W. Michael, Tensay Kahsay, Niguse Tadele
Back ground: Every pregnant woman faces the risk of sudden, unpredictable complication that could end in death or injury to mother or infant. Danger signs of pregnancies are warning signs that women encounter during pregnancy, child birth and postpartum. It is important, to know this warning signs for women. The most common danger signs are: vaginal bleeding, convulsions, abdominal pain, severe headaches, blurred vision, and absence of fetal movements and gush of fluid from vagina. This study aimed at to assess level of awareness on danger signs of pregnancy among women attending antenatal care (ANC) in Mizan Aman General Hospital (MAGH), Southwestern, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in May 2014. A total of 358 pregnant mothers were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants at the exit of ANC service, face to face interviewer technique was used to collect data and descriptive analyze was done. Result: This study shows that 53% of the study participants have poor awareness on danger signs of pregnancy. Educational status, member of ANC visit and occupation of the mother are factors that affect the level of awareness. As education level increase awareness of the mother also increase, 69% of respondent who were at high school and above were aware, while only 10.2% of illiterate have good awareness on danger sign of pregnancy. The study shows government employee are more aware 30.56% than house wives 12.23% and as the number of ANC visit increase the awareness of the mother also increase. Conclusion: Mother’s awareness on danger signs of pregnancy was poor and affected by educational status, ANC follow up and occupation. Therefore women must empower to get education by the government. Medias shall better to give health education related to danger signs of pregnancy.
{"title":"Level of Awareness on Danger Signs of Pregnancy among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Mizan Aman General Hospital, Southwest, Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Eskedar Demissie, Fantahun Dessie, F. W. Michael, Tensay Kahsay, Niguse Tadele","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000288","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground: Every pregnant woman faces the risk of sudden, unpredictable complication that could end in death or injury to mother or infant. Danger signs of pregnancies are warning signs that women encounter during pregnancy, child birth and postpartum. It is important, to know this warning signs for women. The most common danger signs are: vaginal bleeding, convulsions, abdominal pain, severe headaches, blurred vision, and absence of fetal movements and gush of fluid from vagina. This study aimed at to assess level of awareness on danger signs of pregnancy among women attending antenatal care (ANC) in Mizan Aman General Hospital (MAGH), Southwestern, Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted in May 2014. A total of 358 pregnant mothers were included in the study. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants at the exit of ANC service, face to face interviewer technique was used to collect data and descriptive analyze was done. \u0000Result: This study shows that 53% of the study participants have poor awareness on danger signs of pregnancy. Educational status, member of ANC visit and occupation of the mother are factors that affect the level of awareness. As education level increase awareness of the mother also increase, 69% of respondent who were at high school and above were aware, while only 10.2% of illiterate have good awareness on danger sign of pregnancy. The study shows government employee are more aware 30.56% than house wives 12.23% and as the number of ANC visit increase the awareness of the mother also increase. \u0000Conclusion: Mother’s awareness on danger signs of pregnancy was poor and affected by educational status, ANC follow up and occupation. Therefore women must empower to get education by the government. Medias shall better to give health education related to danger signs of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91547693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-04DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000287
Xeiad Cerrag
Women health care is stereotypically epitomized and confined to women’s reproductive and maternal capacities which tackle only a tiny portion of women’s general health. Studying diseases with salient female predilections and/ or provoke feminine manifestations should be fitted snugly into a coherent database system toward finding effective policies in treating such afflicted population. Autoimmune diseases and microbial pathoses are blatant examples of risky diseases which are encountered strikingly in females. Linking the dots, this paper reports a breast fibro adenoma and concomitant two uterine fibroids of the anterior wall in a 22-year-old female with HACEK endocarditis. This report is ushered to capture the clinician’s rapt attention to such a plausible association.
{"title":"Breast Fibroadenoma and Uterine Fibroid in a Female with HACEK Endocarditis: Is there any Possible Correlation?","authors":"Xeiad Cerrag","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000287","url":null,"abstract":"Women health care is stereotypically epitomized and confined to women’s reproductive and maternal capacities which tackle only a tiny portion of women’s general health. Studying diseases with salient female predilections and/ or provoke feminine manifestations should be fitted snugly into a coherent database system toward finding effective policies in treating such afflicted population. Autoimmune diseases and microbial pathoses are blatant examples of risky diseases which are encountered strikingly in females. Linking the dots, this paper reports a breast fibro adenoma and concomitant two uterine fibroids of the anterior wall in a 22-year-old female with HACEK endocarditis. This report is ushered to capture the clinician’s rapt attention to such a plausible association.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83841984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000285
S. Stavrou, E. Domali, D. Loutradis, P. Drakakis
Background: Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is an iatrogenic serious complication that presents after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation or after the spontaneous peak of luteizing hormone. Pelvic inflammatory disease following the in vitro fertilization and oocyte retrieval is a rare and infrequent complication. Tubo-ovarian abscess has been described as rare and significant complication .We present an uncommon case according the literature in which rare complications of IVF are described. Methods: We present a case of a 35 year old female patient, gravida 1, para 0 with history of in vitro fertilization short protocol and oocytes retrieval before a month ,attended our hospital complaining for deep abdominal pain since 8 days with significant gynecological past history. Clinical evaluation proved abdominal pain on palpation without fever. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were significantly elevated reaching the plateau of 320,943. Results: Transvaginal ultrasonography noticed the presence of a big left adnexal formation max diameter 18 cm that could be attributed to marked inflammation. Behind this, free fluid detected by the presence of adhesions that could be attributed to hydrosalpinx. The diagnosis of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome followed by pelvic inflammatory disease was made and she hospitalized for 10 days. The patient came to our hospital 3 months later for her follow up and the transvaginal examination revealed left tubo-ovarian abscess. A new transvaginal ultrasonography after 3 months was clearly improved compared to the previous images. Conclusion: Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome which is complicated with pelvic inflammatory disease and especially pelvic abscess after in vitro fertilization and oocyte retrieval guided by ultrasound is a rare and simultaneously significant complication. Transvaginal ultrasonographical examination seems to be a pivotal tool primarily for the diagnosis and secondarily for the follow up of these infertile women.
{"title":"OHSS Complicated With PID and Pelvic Abscess after IVF in a 35 Year Old Woman: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"S. Stavrou, E. Domali, D. Loutradis, P. Drakakis","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000285","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome is an iatrogenic serious complication that presents after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation or after the spontaneous peak of luteizing hormone. Pelvic inflammatory disease following the in vitro fertilization and oocyte retrieval is a rare and infrequent complication. Tubo-ovarian abscess has been described as rare and significant complication .We present an uncommon case according the literature in which rare complications of IVF are described. \u0000Methods: We present a case of a 35 year old female patient, gravida 1, para 0 with history of in vitro fertilization short protocol and oocytes retrieval before a month ,attended our hospital complaining for deep abdominal pain since 8 days with significant gynecological past history. Clinical evaluation proved abdominal pain on palpation without fever. Serum levels of C-reactive protein were significantly elevated reaching the plateau of 320,943. \u0000Results: Transvaginal ultrasonography noticed the presence of a big left adnexal formation max diameter 18 cm that could be attributed to marked inflammation. Behind this, free fluid detected by the presence of adhesions that could be attributed to hydrosalpinx. The diagnosis of ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome followed by pelvic inflammatory disease was made and she hospitalized for 10 days. The patient came to our hospital 3 months later for her follow up and the transvaginal examination revealed left tubo-ovarian abscess. A new transvaginal ultrasonography after 3 months was clearly improved compared to the previous images. \u0000Conclusion: Ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome which is complicated with pelvic inflammatory disease and especially pelvic abscess after in vitro fertilization and oocyte retrieval guided by ultrasound is a rare and simultaneously significant complication. Transvaginal ultrasonographical examination seems to be a pivotal tool primarily for the diagnosis and secondarily for the follow up of these infertile women.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85566323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000284
Benti Negero Feyisa, E. T. Bala
Background: HIV/AIDS risky behavior remains a critical health concern for young women for multiple biological and socio-economic reasons. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the level of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among female students in private colleges in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among female private college students in Nekemte town between April and May, 2014. A total of 422 female students in private colleges were randomly selected for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were done to identify predictors of risky sexual behaviors. Results: One hundred fifty six (38.4%) of the non-married (N=406) respondents had practiced sexual intercourse. Of these, 115(73.7%) were sexually active in the last 12 months. Of the total respondents who were sexually active in the last 12 months including the married one (N=131), 38(29%) reported that they had sexual intercourse with two or more partners. Among non-married females who were sexually active in the last 12 months (N=115), only 34(29.6%) reported to have used condom at their last sexual intercourse. Urban residence (AOR=2.4, 95% CI =1.3, 4.5), income deficit (AOR= 2.8, 95 % CI=1.5, 4.0), Income source (AOR=2.5, 95% CI=2.0, 9.0) and pornographic film viewing (AOR=10.7, 95 % CI=5.1, 22.5) were significantly associated with premarital sex. Level of study (AOR =2.0, 95% CI=1.3, 3.2), marital status AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8, 6.6), Living arrangement (AOR= 3.295% CI=1.3, 4.5, and pornographic viewing (AOR=2.0, 95% CI=1.1, 4.3 were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners. Similarly, condom use in the last sexual intercourse among nonmarried female students was significantly associated with level of study (AOR= 0.2, 95 % CI= 0 .1-0.9), Knowledge of HIV prevention by consistent use of condoms (AOR=2.9, 95%CI 1.0-8.0), pornographic viewing AOR= 2.7, 95 % CI =1.0, 7.6) and alcohol drinking (AOR=5.2, 95 % CI 3.2, 7.3). Conclusion: This study indicated that large proportions of students were engaged in risky sexual behaviors. Hence, Encouraging continuation of virginity as a cultural norm among those who have not experienced sexual intercourse and awareness creation.
{"title":"Risky Sexual Behaviors for HIV Infection among Female Private College Students in Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Benti Negero Feyisa, E. T. Bala","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV/AIDS risky behavior remains a critical health concern for young women for multiple biological and socio-economic reasons. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the level of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among female students in private colleges in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among female private college students in Nekemte town between April and May, 2014. A total of 422 female students in private colleges were randomly selected for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were done to identify predictors of risky sexual behaviors. \u0000 Results: One hundred fifty six (38.4%) of the non-married (N=406) respondents had practiced sexual intercourse. Of these, 115(73.7%) were sexually active in the last 12 months. Of the total respondents who were sexually active in the last 12 months including the married one (N=131), 38(29%) reported that they had sexual intercourse with two or more partners. Among non-married females who were sexually active in the last 12 months (N=115), only 34(29.6%) reported to have used condom at their last sexual intercourse. Urban residence (AOR=2.4, 95% CI =1.3, 4.5), income deficit (AOR= 2.8, 95 % CI=1.5, 4.0), Income source (AOR=2.5, 95% CI=2.0, 9.0) and pornographic film viewing (AOR=10.7, 95 % CI=5.1, 22.5) were significantly associated with premarital sex. Level of study (AOR =2.0, 95% CI=1.3, 3.2), marital status AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8, 6.6), Living arrangement (AOR= 3.295% CI=1.3, 4.5, and pornographic viewing (AOR=2.0, 95% CI=1.1, 4.3 were significantly associated with multiple sexual partners. Similarly, condom use in the last sexual intercourse among nonmarried female students was significantly associated with level of study (AOR= 0.2, 95 % CI= 0 .1-0.9), Knowledge of HIV prevention by consistent use of condoms (AOR=2.9, 95%CI 1.0-8.0), pornographic viewing AOR= 2.7, 95 % CI =1.0, 7.6) and alcohol drinking (AOR=5.2, 95 % CI 3.2, 7.3). \u0000Conclusion: This study indicated that large proportions of students were engaged in risky sexual behaviors. Hence, Encouraging continuation of virginity as a cultural norm among those who have not experienced sexual intercourse and awareness creation.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82376653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000281
B. Elias, Tesfahun Hailemariam
Background: Implants contraceptive are one of the most effective reversible modern contraceptive methods. Implants can be used by women from menarche to menopause. Many women can safely use implants including lactating mothers, HIV positive women, cigarette smokers of any age, post abortion women, diabetic women, women at risk for cardiovascular disease (including those with high blood pressure), and adolescents.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married women aged 18-49 years in East Badewacho Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 647 study participants. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data gathering. For data entry Epi-info version 3.5.1 was used and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical package. Results: The implant contraceptive prevalence rate among married women is 96(15.1%). Implanon contraceptives were the most frequently used methods 51(53.1%), sino-implanol 29(30.2%) and jadelle 16(16.7%). Multiple logistic regression model revealed that the husband approval (AOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.64-5.74), joint decision (AOR 5.65, 95% CI 2.78-11.51), married women who have income (AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.26-5.95), joint discussion (AOR 6.53, 95% CI 3.10-13.77). Similarly, age, disscussed with health workers and health development army leaders were significantly associated with the use of implant contraceptives. Conclusion: Implant contraceptive utilization is high in the woreda as compared to other methods. Joint decision, joint discussion, discussed with health workers and health development army leaders, husband approval of contraceptive use were significantly associated with the use of implant contraceptives. Therefore, woreda health office and concerned bodies be supposed to focus on couple’s communication, male involvement and community conversation with health worker and health development army leaders that could enhance implant contraceptive utilization.
背景:植入避孕是最有效的可逆现代避孕方法之一。从月经初潮到更年期的女性都可以使用植入物。许多妇女可以安全地使用植入物，包括哺乳期母亲、艾滋病毒阳性妇女、任何年龄的吸烟者、堕胎后妇女、糖尿病妇女、有心血管疾病风险的妇女(包括高血压妇女)和青少年。方法:对埃塞俄比亚南部东部Badewacho worreda地区18-49岁的已婚妇女进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术，共选取647名研究对象。采用预先测试的结构化问卷进行数据收集。数据录入采用Epi-info 3.5.1版本，双变量和多变量logistic回归分析采用SPSS 16.0版本统计软件包。结果:已婚妇女植入避孕普及率为96(15.1%)。最常用的避孕方法为植入避孕药51例(53.1%)，其次为中-植入避孕药29例(30.2%)，贾德尔避孕药16例(16.7%)。多元logistic回归模型显示，丈夫认可(AOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.64-5.74)、共同决定(AOR 5.65, 95% CI 2.78-11.51)、已婚女性有收入(AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.26-5.95)、共同讨论(AOR 6.53, 95% CI 3.10-13.77)。同样，与卫生工作者和卫生发展部队领导人讨论的年龄与使用植入性避孕药具显著相关。结论:与其他避孕方法相比，女性避孕药具的使用率较高。与卫生工作者和卫生发展部队领导人共同决定、共同讨论、丈夫批准使用避孕药具与使用植入性避孕药具显著相关。因此，卫生办公室和有关机构应注重与卫生工作者和卫生发展部队领导人的夫妻沟通、男性参与和社区对话，以提高植入避孕药具的利用率。
{"title":"Implants Contraceptive Utilization and Factors Associated among Married Women in the Reproductive Age Group (18-49 Year) in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Elias, Tesfahun Hailemariam","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Implants contraceptive are one of the most effective reversible modern contraceptive methods. Implants can be used by women from menarche to menopause. Many women can safely use implants including lactating mothers, HIV positive women, cigarette smokers of any age, post abortion women, diabetic women, women at risk for cardiovascular disease (including those with high blood pressure), and adolescents.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married women aged 18-49 years in East Badewacho Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 647 study participants. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data gathering. For data entry Epi-info version 3.5.1 was used and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical package. \u0000Results: The implant contraceptive prevalence rate among married women is 96(15.1%). Implanon contraceptives were the most frequently used methods 51(53.1%), sino-implanol 29(30.2%) and jadelle 16(16.7%). Multiple logistic regression model revealed that the husband approval (AOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.64-5.74), joint decision (AOR 5.65, 95% CI 2.78-11.51), married women who have income (AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.26-5.95), joint discussion (AOR 6.53, 95% CI 3.10-13.77). Similarly, age, disscussed with health workers and health development army leaders were significantly associated with the use of implant contraceptives. \u0000Conclusion: Implant contraceptive utilization is high in the woreda as compared to other methods. Joint decision, joint discussion, discussed with health workers and health development army leaders, husband approval of contraceptive use were significantly associated with the use of implant contraceptives. Therefore, woreda health office and concerned bodies be supposed to focus on couple’s communication, male involvement and community conversation with health worker and health development army leaders that could enhance implant contraceptive utilization.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75049615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-28DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000286
L. Fali, Yogender Yadav, Maharaj Dushyant, A. Peter, P. Gordon, Tait John, E. Rose
Objectives: To establish the incidence of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP); determine trends in the diagnosis and management; and assess maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with AIP. Methods: Women were identified from a tertiary care referral hospital perinatal database (2000-2013) and crosschecked with confirmed histopathology. Verification of undetected cases using perinatal ultrasound database was performed. Risk factors, antenatal suspicion, hospital course, intrapartum management, maternal and neonatal outcomes were obtained from medical records. Results: Thirty eight women had AIP confirmed providing an incidence of 1 per 1420 deliveries. The incidence rose by 55% (95% Confidence interval (CI) 37% - 279%) over the 14 year period (Poisson regression). An antenatal diagnosis of AIP was made in 63% (95% CI 46% - 78%). Excluding women with placenta percreta, there was a significantly higher blood loss in women in whom an attempt was made at placental removal compared to women in whom there was no attempt (median 3.5 liters versus 1.5 L, p=0.002). Conclusion: AIP was associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. A significantly higher blood loss ensued in women with AIP in whom an attempt was made at placental separation. A dedicated multidisciplinary team and a standardized pathway can potentially reduce morbidity.
{"title":"Materno-fetal Outcomes in Patients with Abnormally Invasive Placenta: A 14 Year Experience","authors":"L. Fali, Yogender Yadav, Maharaj Dushyant, A. Peter, P. Gordon, Tait John, E. Rose","doi":"10.4172/2167-0420.1000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000286","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To establish the incidence of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP); determine trends in the diagnosis and management; and assess maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with AIP. \u0000Methods: Women were identified from a tertiary care referral hospital perinatal database (2000-2013) and crosschecked with confirmed histopathology. Verification of undetected cases using perinatal ultrasound database was performed. Risk factors, antenatal suspicion, hospital course, intrapartum management, maternal and neonatal outcomes were obtained from medical records. \u0000Results: Thirty eight women had AIP confirmed providing an incidence of 1 per 1420 deliveries. The incidence rose by 55% (95% Confidence interval (CI) 37% - 279%) over the 14 year period (Poisson regression). An antenatal diagnosis of AIP was made in 63% (95% CI 46% - 78%). Excluding women with placenta percreta, there was a significantly higher blood loss in women in whom an attempt was made at placental removal compared to women in whom there was no attempt (median 3.5 liters versus 1.5 L, p=0.002). \u0000Conclusion: AIP was associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. A significantly higher blood loss ensued in women with AIP in whom an attempt was made at placental separation. A dedicated multidisciplinary team and a standardized pathway can potentially reduce morbidity.","PeriodicalId":17626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Womens Health Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88995126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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