Abdulla- Al-Asif, A. Kamal, M. Idris, M. Bhuiyan, A. Rahman
The seagrass ecosystems found in the marine and coastal areas, with substantial eco-nomic and ecological services and span all over the globe excluding the Antarctic region. The Coral Triangle and Southeast Asia are recognized as a worldwide hotspot of seagrass species and habitats, encompassing 10-21 species of seagrass in every na-tion, although the study, understanding, and quantity of publications on seagrass eco-systems are rather limited in the region, including Malaysia. Malaysia contains 18 seagrass species from three families, which occupy 16.8 km2of coastal area, where the study and discovery of seagrass species and meadows began in 1904 with the re-port of Beccari. All of the published papers reviewed reported on Malaysian seagrass-related research, which was divided into nine topic groups: biology and distribution, carbon sequestration, fauna, remote sensing, impact and pollution genetic study, res-toration, microbiological investigation, and others. The extensive study of the seagrass ecosystem began in 1993, and we have identified 183 published papers from Scopus, 141 publications from Web of Science, and 42 from Google Scholar. However, the average trend of the number of publications from 1993 to 1999 was 0.71 ± 0.36, while from 2000 to 2022 was 7.70 ± 1.16 followed by the average trend of the yearly number of publications was 6.78 ± 1.08. The highest number of publications was found on faunal categories (43.17%), followed by biology and distribution (21.85%). The num-ber of articles that were published on Malaysian seagrass meadows each year has been discovered to be rising, which indicates that the trends in seagrass study and publish-ing were progressively garnering the attention of researchers, academics, and the gov-ernment. However, to better understand the sustainable ecology and ecosystem ser-vices provided by seagrass habitats, an emphasis on certain research niches, such as the genetic study of flora and fauna in seagrass meadows, microbial ecology, and res-toration as well as conservation of seagrass species might be helpful.
在海洋和沿海地区发现的海草生态系统，具有丰富的经济和生态服务，覆盖全球各地，不包括南极地区。珊瑚三角洲和东南亚被公认为全球海草物种和栖息地的热点，每个国家都有10-21种海草，尽管该地区（包括马来西亚）对海草生态系统的研究、理解和出版物数量相当有限。马来西亚有来自三个科的18种海草，它们占据了16.8平方公里的沿海地区。1904年，随着贝卡里港的重新开放，对海草物种和草地的研究和发现开始了。审查的所有已发表论文都报告了马来西亚海草相关研究，该研究分为九个主题组：生物学和分布、碳固存、动物群、遥感、影响和污染遗传研究、再研究、微生物调查等。对海草生态系统的广泛研究始于1993年，我们已经确定了Scopus的183篇已发表论文、Web of Science的141篇出版物和Google Scholar的42篇出版物。然而，1993年至1999年的出版物数量平均趋势为0.71±0.36，2000年至2022年为7.70±1.16，其次是每年出版物数量的平均趋势为6.78±1.08。发表数量最多的是动物类（43.17%），其次是生物学和分布（21.85%）。据发现，每年在马来西亚海草草地上发表的文章数量正在上升，这表明海草研究和发表的趋势正在逐渐引起研究人员、学术界和政府的关注。然而，为了更好地了解海草栖息地提供的可持续生态和生态系统服务，强调某些研究领域可能会有所帮助，如海草草甸动植物的遗传学研究、微生物生态学、资源化以及海草物种的保护。
{"title":"Trends in Seagrass Research and Conservation in Malaysian Waters","authors":"Abdulla- Al-Asif, A. Kamal, M. Idris, M. Bhuiyan, A. Rahman","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"The seagrass ecosystems found in the marine and coastal areas, with substantial eco-nomic and ecological services and span all over the globe excluding the Antarctic region. The Coral Triangle and Southeast Asia are recognized as a worldwide hotspot of seagrass species and habitats, encompassing 10-21 species of seagrass in every na-tion, although the study, understanding, and quantity of publications on seagrass eco-systems are rather limited in the region, including Malaysia. Malaysia contains 18 seagrass species from three families, which occupy 16.8 km2of coastal area, where the study and discovery of seagrass species and meadows began in 1904 with the re-port of Beccari. All of the published papers reviewed reported on Malaysian seagrass-related research, which was divided into nine topic groups: biology and distribution, carbon sequestration, fauna, remote sensing, impact and pollution genetic study, res-toration, microbiological investigation, and others. The extensive study of the seagrass ecosystem began in 1993, and we have identified 183 published papers from Scopus, 141 publications from Web of Science, and 42 from Google Scholar. However, the average trend of the number of publications from 1993 to 1999 was 0.71 ± 0.36, while from 2000 to 2022 was 7.70 ± 1.16 followed by the average trend of the yearly number of publications was 6.78 ± 1.08. The highest number of publications was found on faunal categories (43.17%), followed by biology and distribution (21.85%). The num-ber of articles that were published on Malaysian seagrass meadows each year has been discovered to be rising, which indicates that the trends in seagrass study and publish-ing were progressively garnering the attention of researchers, academics, and the gov-ernment. However, to better understand the sustainable ecology and ecosystem ser-vices provided by seagrass habitats, an emphasis on certain research niches, such as the genetic study of flora and fauna in seagrass meadows, microbial ecology, and res-toration as well as conservation of seagrass species might be helpful.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45280601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Witiyasti Imaningsih, N. Ekowati, Salamiah Salamiah, N. Ratnaningtyas, L. Soesanto
Endophytic fungi are a unique class of microorganisms that lives in plant tissues. These fungi could spread from roots to shoots and interact with nearly all plants in a symbiotic, mutualistic, or commensal manner. Endophytic fungi are believed to exert several roles related to plant growth, including the ability to tolerate stress, especially in Hiyung chilli plants. This plant is widely cultivated in Indonesia and is a well-known host for endophytic fungi. The Hiyung chilli is a popular variety grown in the South Kalimantan Province, which receives national recognition and is geographically certified by the Indonesian government. This wetland-cultivated chilli plant has a uniquely high capsaicin content and long fruit shelf life compared to other varieties. Although endophytic fungal isolates are prevalently found on chilli plants, their potential to influence the growth of their host remains to be proven beyond a doubt. This review emphasizes the sparse reports on the potential of these antagonistic fungi in protecting chilli plants against other pathogens by producing auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and capsaicin. The study hypothesised that the antagonistic abilities of these endophytic fungi against other fungal pathogens are related to their IAA- and capsaicin production that synergistically increase the chili plants' threshold against biotic and abiotic stress.
{"title":"An Overview of Stress-Tolerant Promoting Endophytic Fungal Isolates from Hiyung Chilli Grown in South Kalimantan","authors":"Witiyasti Imaningsih, N. Ekowati, Salamiah Salamiah, N. Ratnaningtyas, L. Soesanto","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi are a unique class of microorganisms that lives in plant tissues. These fungi could spread from roots to shoots and interact with nearly all plants in a symbiotic, mutualistic, or commensal manner. Endophytic fungi are believed to exert several roles related to plant growth, including the ability to tolerate stress, especially in Hiyung chilli plants. This plant is widely cultivated in Indonesia and is a well-known host for endophytic fungi. The Hiyung chilli is a popular variety grown in the South Kalimantan Province, which receives national recognition and is geographically certified by the Indonesian government. This wetland-cultivated chilli plant has a uniquely high capsaicin content and long fruit shelf life compared to other varieties. Although endophytic fungal isolates are prevalently found on chilli plants, their potential to influence the growth of their host remains to be proven beyond a doubt. This review emphasizes the sparse reports on the potential of these antagonistic fungi in protecting chilli plants against other pathogens by producing auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and capsaicin. The study hypothesised that the antagonistic abilities of these endophytic fungi against other fungal pathogens are related to their IAA- and capsaicin production that synergistically increase the chili plants' threshold against biotic and abiotic stress.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48494124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oil palm biomass produced by plantations and mills in Malaysia is the largest contributor to the nation’s agro-waste, with the oil palm leaves (OPL) topping the list. Nevertheless, the surplus of OPL might have applicability as the substrate for cultivating lignocellulolytic bio-degraders. Ipso facto, this study employed raw OPL as the carbon source for cultivating Trichoderma harzianum under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Optimization of the SSF process using the Taguchi orthogonal design to produce endoglucanase (CMCase) successfully established the optimal fermentation conditions as the following: 7.00 × 108 spore/g inoculum size, 50% moisture content, pH 12 Mandel’s medium, with 3-day incubation at 40°C. The crude enzyme cocktail exhibited the corresponding maximum activity of 417.49 U/g CMCase. The enzymatic activities were significantly affected by factors, moisture content, inoculum size, and initial pH (p-value < 0.05). In short, the high extracellular CMCase activity of the T. harzianum crude enzyme cocktail may prove valuable in accelerating the saccharification of cellulose for biofuel-and nanocellulose production.
{"title":"Optimization of Endoglucanase Synthesis by Trichoderma harzianum via Taguchi Approach","authors":"H. Teo, Roswanira Wahab","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The oil palm biomass produced by plantations and mills in Malaysia is the largest contributor to the nation’s agro-waste, with the oil palm leaves (OPL) topping the list. Nevertheless, the surplus of OPL might have applicability as the substrate for cultivating lignocellulolytic bio-degraders. Ipso facto, this study employed raw OPL as the carbon source for cultivating Trichoderma harzianum under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Optimization of the SSF process using the Taguchi orthogonal design to produce endoglucanase (CMCase) successfully established the optimal fermentation conditions as the following: 7.00 × 108 spore/g inoculum size, 50% moisture content, pH 12 Mandel’s medium, with 3-day incubation at 40°C. The crude enzyme cocktail exhibited the corresponding maximum activity of 417.49 U/g CMCase. The enzymatic activities were significantly affected by factors, moisture content, inoculum size, and initial pH (p-value < 0.05). In short, the high extracellular CMCase activity of the T. harzianum crude enzyme cocktail may prove valuable in accelerating the saccharification of cellulose for biofuel-and nanocellulose production.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47469170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine the effectivity of various types of local hydromacrophytes on the remediation of wastewater from catfish culture ponds in Gondosuli village, Gondang, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia, using a batch culture system. This experiment used a completely random design and was conducted in the glasshouse. The batch culture system was conducted in a 30 L tank containing sand and gravel as the medium for hydromacrophytes. This research consisted of five treatments (emer-gent, submerged, floating leaf, polyculture of 3 types of hydromacrophytes, and control without hydro macrophytes). This study was repeated three times at the same time. The effectiveness of the phytoremediation model was monitored using indicators of water physicochemical parameters and the biotic index of phytoplankton.The biotic indices were used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of phytoplankton and the diatom biotic index (Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Percentage of Pollution Toler-ant Value (%PTV)). After giving the treatment, monitoring was carried out on days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40. The results showed that the batch culture system for phytoremedi-ation post-harvest catfish pond wastewater with local hydromacrophytes improved the water quality. However, not all water physicochemical parameters after treatments meet Indonesian water quality standards. Abundance showed water quality fluctua-tions over time, while Shannon Wiener's diversity index (H' value) decreased as water quality decreased. This study's PTV value demonstrated that pollutant levels vary by treatment. Only the control and submerged hydromacrophytes improved their TDI status; another treatment remained moderate. The best treatment was 40 days after acclimatization with polyculture treatment of three types of local hydromacrophytes. Research and othersystems like continuous culture are needed for optimal results to improve water quality. Keywords:Batch culture, Catfish pond, Hydromacrophyte, Remediation, Wastewater, Water qualit
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Various Types of Local Hydromacrophytes on The Phytoremediation Process of Catfish Pond Wastewater using a Batch Culture System","authors":"Umi Sa’adah, D. Siswanto, C. Retnaningdyah","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effectivity of various types of local hydromacrophytes on the remediation of wastewater from catfish culture ponds in Gondosuli village, Gondang, Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia, using a batch culture system. This experiment used a completely random design and was conducted in the glasshouse. The batch culture system was conducted in a 30 L tank containing sand and gravel as the medium for hydromacrophytes. This research consisted of five treatments (emer-gent, submerged, floating leaf, polyculture of 3 types of hydromacrophytes, and control without hydro macrophytes). This study was repeated three times at the same time. The effectiveness of the phytoremediation model was monitored using indicators of water physicochemical parameters and the biotic index of phytoplankton.The biotic indices were used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of phytoplankton and the diatom biotic index (Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Percentage of Pollution Toler-ant Value (%PTV)). After giving the treatment, monitoring was carried out on days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40. The results showed that the batch culture system for phytoremedi-ation post-harvest catfish pond wastewater with local hydromacrophytes improved the water quality. However, not all water physicochemical parameters after treatments meet Indonesian water quality standards. Abundance showed water quality fluctua-tions over time, while Shannon Wiener's diversity index (H' value) decreased as water quality decreased. This study's PTV value demonstrated that pollutant levels vary by treatment. Only the control and submerged hydromacrophytes improved their TDI status; another treatment remained moderate. The best treatment was 40 days after acclimatization with polyculture treatment of three types of local hydromacrophytes. Research and othersystems like continuous culture are needed for optimal results to improve water quality. Keywords:Batch culture, Catfish pond, Hydromacrophyte, Remediation, Wastewater, Water qualit","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41359312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Nugroho, W. Budianto, S. Siahaan, Purwakaning Agung, I. Thalib, E. Suhartono
Mandiangin is one of the tropical rainforests in South Kalimantan, with highly diverse plants used for health and medicinal purposes. To date, scientific evidence on these plants' content and bioactivities remain lacking for further medical applications. In this perspective, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical contents of six selected plants, which include the Bilaran Kusan (Passiflora foetida), Sembilakan (Caesalpinia sp), Bamban Batu (Donax cenniformis), Kilayu (Aglaia sp), Ulur-Ulur (Tetrastigma sp), and Mali-Mali (Leea indica) from the Mandiangin rainforest, in addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Results revealed that the Leea indica extracts exhibited the highest flavonoid content (70.892 ± 0.34 mg/ml QE), while the highest tannin (2.101 ± 0.02 mg/ml GAE) and alkaloid contents (25.30 ± 0.71 %) were recorded for the Aglaia sp species. Meanwhile, Passiflora foetida showed the highest saponin content at (31.78 ± 2.97 %). Based on the study findings, the extracts of all six plants from the Mandiangin rainforest possessed medically valuable phytochemical constituents, as seen from their appreciable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Of all these plants, P. foetida and L. indica demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the highest anti-inflammatory activity was noted for the P. foetida, Aglaia- and Caesalpinia species.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants in Mandiangin Rainforest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"Y. Nugroho, W. Budianto, S. Siahaan, Purwakaning Agung, I. Thalib, E. Suhartono","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Mandiangin is one of the tropical rainforests in South Kalimantan, with highly diverse plants used for health and medicinal purposes. To date, scientific evidence on these plants' content and bioactivities remain lacking for further medical applications. In this perspective, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical contents of six selected plants, which include the Bilaran Kusan (Passiflora foetida), Sembilakan (Caesalpinia sp), Bamban Batu (Donax cenniformis), Kilayu (Aglaia sp), Ulur-Ulur (Tetrastigma sp), and Mali-Mali (Leea indica) from the Mandiangin rainforest, in addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Results revealed that the Leea indica extracts exhibited the highest flavonoid content (70.892 ± 0.34 mg/ml QE), while the highest tannin (2.101 ± 0.02 mg/ml GAE) and alkaloid contents (25.30 ± 0.71 %) were recorded for the Aglaia sp species. Meanwhile, Passiflora foetida showed the highest saponin content at (31.78 ± 2.97 %). Based on the study findings, the extracts of all six plants from the Mandiangin rainforest possessed medically valuable phytochemical constituents, as seen from their appreciable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Of all these plants, P. foetida and L. indica demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, whereas the highest anti-inflammatory activity was noted for the P. foetida, Aglaia- and Caesalpinia species.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43331518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shariff, Nurrelyssa Hainusa, N. Huda, M. Zakaria, S. Ullah, F. Huyop, Roswanira Wahab
The chayote (Sechium edule) plant is believed to have significant nutritional importance due to its medicinal functions. It has been widely cultivated in Kundasang, Sabah for vegetable consumption. This study was carried out to determine the health benefits of this vegetable, especially the upper 3-foot of the shoot portion, in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and nutrient composition. It was divided equally into three parts, each a foot long and classified as: upper tier, middle tier and lower tier and amongst them, which tier gives rise to the best health benefits or will the traditional consumption of the whole 3-foot shoot be better for overall health well-being. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and Folin Ciocalteu test were used to determine antioxidant activity and Total Phenolic Content (TPC), respectively. The results showed that the upper tier of shoot parts had the highest value for antioxidant activity, with the lowest of IC50 value (245.12 ± 9.24 μg/ml). The lower part of the plant also shows the highest value for TPC with a value of 355.66 ± 5.84 mg/g GAE. Minerals, Ca, Mg, P, Mo, Fe and Al were the highest value in the middle tier portion. The proximate analyses showed that the upper tier of the shoot has the highest fat, crude protein, and carbohydrate contents. Crude ash has the highest value in the middle tier part. On the other hand, the moisture content and the crude fiber were high at the lower tier of the shoot portion. The upper tier of the shoot is recommended to be consumed for health benefits because it is high in antioxidant activity and proximate content and also rich in minerals. However, the traditional practice is to consume the whole 3-foot long of this vegetable is very welcome
{"title":"Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and nutrient composition of Chayote shoot (Sechium edule, Jacq. Swartz) from Kundasang, Sabah","authors":"A. Shariff, Nurrelyssa Hainusa, N. Huda, M. Zakaria, S. Ullah, F. Huyop, Roswanira Wahab","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"The chayote (Sechium edule) plant is believed to have significant nutritional importance due to its medicinal functions. It has been widely cultivated in Kundasang, Sabah for vegetable consumption. This study was carried out to determine the health benefits of this vegetable, especially the upper 3-foot of the shoot portion, in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and nutrient composition. It was divided equally into three parts, each a foot long and classified as: upper tier, middle tier and lower tier and amongst them, which tier gives rise to the best health benefits or will the traditional consumption of the whole 3-foot shoot be better for overall health well-being. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and Folin Ciocalteu test were used to determine antioxidant activity and Total Phenolic Content (TPC), respectively. The results showed that the upper tier of shoot parts had the highest value for antioxidant activity, with the lowest of IC50 value (245.12 ± 9.24 μg/ml). The lower part of the plant also shows the highest value for TPC with a value of 355.66 ± 5.84 mg/g GAE. Minerals, Ca, Mg, P, Mo, Fe and Al were the highest value in the middle tier portion. The proximate analyses showed that the upper tier of the shoot has the highest fat, crude protein, and carbohydrate contents. Crude ash has the highest value in the middle tier part. On the other hand, the moisture content and the crude fiber were high at the lower tier of the shoot portion. The upper tier of the shoot is recommended to be consumed for health benefits because it is high in antioxidant activity and proximate content and also rich in minerals. However, the traditional practice is to consume the whole 3-foot long of this vegetable is very welcome","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erica Kumi, S. Avicor, Y. Bukari, Ishmael Attah, S. Agyare, Mabel Yebaoah, M. Kwagyan
Pesticides have become integral parts of cocoa cultivation for the management of insect pests and fungal pathogens which cause significant damage to the crop. However, continuous pesticides usage in the cocoa agro-ecosystem is of concern due to perceived adverse effects on non-target organisms. In this study, mushrooms and associated termites were used to elucidate the possible effect of insecticides and fungicides on non-target organisms in the cocoa agro-ecosystem. Vegetative phase of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Oyster mushroom), Volvariella volvacea (Paddy straw mushroom), Termitomyces globulus and Termitomyces robustus (Termite mushrooms) were subjected to concentrations of commercially formulated fungicides (metalaxyl 12 % + copper (I) oxide 60 % and cupric hydroxide 77 %) and insecticides (imidacloprid 20 % and bifenthrin 2.7 %) to observe their growth rates on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Worker termites, Macrotermes bellicosus, were also exposed to the pesticides in Petri dishes for 24 h to observe their mortality. The manufacturer’s recommended concentration of 245 ppm for bifenthrin completely inhibited mycelial growth of all the mushrooms and caused 100% mortality of termites. At 0.0245 ppm, the insecticide caused 60% mortality of termites, but it had no inhibitory effect on the mushrooms. Except P. sajor-caju, mycelial growth of all the other mushrooms were completely inhibited by metalaxyl + copper (I) oxide at the manufacturer’s recommended concentration of 2400 ppm. However, mycelial growth rate of the mushrooms at 0.24 ppm of the fungicide was similar to the control plates. This suggests that mushrooms could survive in the cocoa agro-ecosystem amidst pesticides at lower concentrations in cocoa soils.
{"title":"Survival of mushrooms and termites upon pesticide exposure in the cocoa agro-ecosystem","authors":"Erica Kumi, S. Avicor, Y. Bukari, Ishmael Attah, S. Agyare, Mabel Yebaoah, M. Kwagyan","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides have become integral parts of cocoa cultivation for the management of insect pests and fungal pathogens which cause significant damage to the crop. However, continuous pesticides usage in the cocoa agro-ecosystem is of concern due to perceived adverse effects on non-target organisms. In this study, mushrooms and associated termites were used to elucidate the possible effect of insecticides and fungicides on non-target organisms in the cocoa agro-ecosystem. Vegetative phase of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Oyster mushroom), Volvariella volvacea (Paddy straw mushroom), Termitomyces globulus and Termitomyces robustus (Termite mushrooms) were subjected to concentrations of commercially formulated fungicides (metalaxyl 12 % + copper (I) oxide 60 % and cupric hydroxide 77 %) and insecticides (imidacloprid 20 % and bifenthrin 2.7 %) to observe their growth rates on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Worker termites, Macrotermes bellicosus, were also exposed to the pesticides in Petri dishes for 24 h to observe their mortality. The manufacturer’s recommended concentration of 245 ppm for bifenthrin completely inhibited mycelial growth of all the mushrooms and caused 100% mortality of termites. At 0.0245 ppm, the insecticide caused 60% mortality of termites, but it had no inhibitory effect on the mushrooms. Except P. sajor-caju, mycelial growth of all the other mushrooms were completely inhibited by metalaxyl + copper (I) oxide at the manufacturer’s recommended concentration of 2400 ppm. However, mycelial growth rate of the mushrooms at 0.24 ppm of the fungicide was similar to the control plates. This suggests that mushrooms could survive in the cocoa agro-ecosystem amidst pesticides at lower concentrations in cocoa soils.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49322139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masar R. Al-Mousawi, A. Hanoon, A. Jasim, Alaa Alattab, Karar N. J. Musafer, Zahraa Abdulzahraa
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common diseases in pediatric age groups. The emergence of bacterial strains that exhibit resistance to specific antimicrobial agents has led to several therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common types of bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children. The study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022. The susceptibilities of antimicrobial agents were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Positive cultures from 56 patients were included in the analysis. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. were the most common organisms identified in pediatric patients suspected of a UTI (50% and 14.3%, respectively), while Raoutella ornithimolytics and Enterobacter sp. represented 7.14%. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera spp. represented 3.6%. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol were 92.9%, 85.7%, and 78.6%, respectively. Proteus spp. isolates solely exhibited susceptibility to amikacin and nalidixic acid. The current study concluded that E. coli was the most frequently arising underlying pathogen UTI in pediatric patients. In this clinical setting, the organisms identified exhibited high susceptibility to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol.
{"title":"Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children in Karbala Teaching Hospital","authors":"Masar R. Al-Mousawi, A. Hanoon, A. Jasim, Alaa Alattab, Karar N. J. Musafer, Zahraa Abdulzahraa","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common diseases in pediatric age groups. The emergence of bacterial strains that exhibit resistance to specific antimicrobial agents has led to several therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common types of bacteria isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children. The study was conducted between September 2021 and January 2022. The susceptibilities of antimicrobial agents were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Positive cultures from 56 patients were included in the analysis. Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. were the most common organisms identified in pediatric patients suspected of a UTI (50% and 14.3%, respectively), while Raoutella ornithimolytics and Enterobacter sp. represented 7.14%. Other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia spp., and Kluyvera spp. represented 3.6%. The sensitivity of E. coli isolates to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol were 92.9%, 85.7%, and 78.6%, respectively. Proteus spp. isolates solely exhibited susceptibility to amikacin and nalidixic acid. The current study concluded that E. coli was the most frequently arising underlying pathogen UTI in pediatric patients. In this clinical setting, the organisms identified exhibited high susceptibility to imipenem, amikacin, and chloramphenicol.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47843785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mahat, N. Omar, H. Chin, M. Kamaluddin, N. Muda
This research was conducted to assess the influence of microbial inoculant (EM.1®) on the initial oviposition and developmental pattern of two prevalent necrophagous flies (Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies) in Malaysia. Nine rabbit carcasses were equally divided into control and two treated groups. The control carcasses were sprayed with deionized water (about 100 mL), whereas the two other treated groups were individually sprayed with two concentrations of EM.1® at 1:500 and 1:100, respectively. Results revealed that the single application of EM.1® on both treated carcasses did not statistically impede oviposition by both necrophagous species, as well as their subsequent developmental patterns (P > 0.05) when compared with that of controls. Therefore, estimating the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using empirical baseline data for the control animal model would remain appropriate for estimating mPMI in cases involving carcasses with a single application of EM.1®
{"title":"Effect of microbial inoculant on the oviposition and completion of life cycle of Chrysomya megacephala(Fabricius) and Chrysomya rufifacies(Macquart) infest-ing rabbit carcasses","authors":"N. Mahat, N. Omar, H. Chin, M. Kamaluddin, N. Muda","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to assess the influence of microbial inoculant (EM.1®) on the initial oviposition and developmental pattern of two prevalent necrophagous flies (Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya rufifacies) in Malaysia. Nine rabbit carcasses were equally divided into control and two treated groups. The control carcasses were sprayed with deionized water (about 100 mL), whereas the two other treated groups were individually sprayed with two concentrations of EM.1® at 1:500 and 1:100, respectively. Results revealed that the single application of EM.1® on both treated carcasses did not statistically impede oviposition by both necrophagous species, as well as their subsequent developmental patterns (P > 0.05) when compared with that of controls. Therefore, estimating the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using empirical baseline data for the control animal model would remain appropriate for estimating mPMI in cases involving carcasses with a single application of EM.1®","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47896827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joswa G. Billonid, Philip Padilla, May Muege, Marliyn Sumaryo, J. Geduspan
Sugarcane farmers commonly use press mud as organic fertilizer to improve the properties of soil and increase crop production. This study compared the effects of press mud on bacterial community structure, bacterial diversity, and physicochemical parameters of sugar mill soil in two sites, the URC Passi Sugar Central and Passi Sugar Central, Inc. both in Panay, Philippines. DNA and soil analyses were conducted to characterize the soil samples with and without press mud from both sites. The results showed that all nutrient contents increased in both areas after press mud application, except in URC Passi Sugar Central, where no increase in phosphorus and sulfur was observed. Bacterial diversity did not significantly increase six months after press mud application. Community pattern results showed that if soil samples within sites were compared, soil with press mud was significantly higher compared to the soil without press mud in terms of OTU richness (Capiz sugar central: 46.00±1.00, 40.00±1.50, respectively; URC Passi Sugar Central: 48.00±0.50, 45.00±0.00, respectively) and carrying capacity (Capiz sugar central: 169±7.36, 125±9.48, respectively; URC Passi Sugar Central: 181±3.80, 162±0.00, respectively) (p<0.05). The same trend was observed in soil samples between sites that were compared. Soil without press mud from URC Passi Sugar Central had a significantly higher compared with soil without press mud of Capiz Sugar Central in terms of OTU richness (45.00±0.00, 40.00±1.50, respectively) and carrying capacity (162±0.00, 125±9.48, respectively) (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in soil with press mud between the two sites in OTU richness, carrying capacity, Shannon, and Evenness analyses (p>0.05). The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Massilia sp. is closely related to Burkholderia arboris, and Lysobacter sp. is closely related to both Massilia sp.and B. arboris. Generally, press mud application helps increase the available nutrients, diversity, and community patterns in soil, making it good organic fertilizer.
{"title":"Bacterial Community Structure, Diversity, and Fertility of Soil with and without Press Mud in Two Sites in Panay, Philippines","authors":"Joswa G. Billonid, Philip Padilla, May Muege, Marliyn Sumaryo, J. Geduspan","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane farmers commonly use press mud as organic fertilizer to improve the properties of soil and increase crop production. This study compared the effects of press mud on bacterial community structure, bacterial diversity, and physicochemical parameters of sugar mill soil in two sites, the URC Passi Sugar Central and Passi Sugar Central, Inc. both in Panay, Philippines. DNA and soil analyses were conducted to characterize the soil samples with and without press mud from both sites. The results showed that all nutrient contents increased in both areas after press mud application, except in URC Passi Sugar Central, where no increase in phosphorus and sulfur was observed. Bacterial diversity did not significantly increase six months after press mud application. Community pattern results showed that if soil samples within sites were compared, soil with press mud was significantly higher compared to the soil without press mud in terms of OTU richness (Capiz sugar central: 46.00±1.00, 40.00±1.50, respectively; URC Passi Sugar Central: 48.00±0.50, 45.00±0.00, respectively) and carrying capacity (Capiz sugar central: 169±7.36, 125±9.48, respectively; URC Passi Sugar Central: 181±3.80, 162±0.00, respectively) (p<0.05). The same trend was observed in soil samples between sites that were compared. Soil without press mud from URC Passi Sugar Central had a significantly higher compared with soil without press mud of Capiz Sugar Central in terms of OTU richness (45.00±0.00, 40.00±1.50, respectively) and carrying capacity (162±0.00, 125±9.48, respectively) (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in soil with press mud between the two sites in OTU richness, carrying capacity, Shannon, and Evenness analyses (p>0.05). The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Massilia sp. is closely related to Burkholderia arboris, and Lysobacter sp. is closely related to both Massilia sp.and B. arboris. Generally, press mud application helps increase the available nutrients, diversity, and community patterns in soil, making it good organic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41373645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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