Momordica cochinchinensis or gac fruit is a 'superfruit' that is well-known in Vietnam. Gac is an orange fruit that is ovoid in shape and has a soft spiny texture. In Malaysia, gac fruit is a new and less known plant. This study aimed to characterize gac fruit using morphological analysis involving both vegetative and reproductive parts and to characterize the genetic diversity in gac fruit by using Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. Four different gac accessions were collected from different areas (Kota Damansara (Selangor), Melaka Tengah (Melaka), Hulu Langat (Selangor) and Kuantan (Pahang)) were cultivated under tropical conditions in Kuantan, Pahang. The gac accessions showed differences in morphological characters. Generally, the gac fruits were reddish-orange in colour, the leaf was dark green on the adaxial part and light green on the abaxial part, and the female and male flower was light yellow and white in color. The fruit weight ranged from 193.72 g (GD) to 334.70 g (GH) with varied shapes and spike density. DNA extraction was following the CTAB method. All 30 primers showed high levels of polymorphism (83%) and the polymorphism information content (PIC) with the mean of 0.48. Nei's genetic distance coefficient ranged between 0.27 and 0.6 with the mean value of 0.41. Dendrogram based on UPGMA analysis grouped the four gac accessions into two main groups. Cluster I consisted of accession GD, GM and GH while cluster II consisted of only GX. Results from both morphological and molecular analysis showed genetic diversities in all four gac fruits studied.
在越南，Momordica cochinchinensis或gac果是一种著名的“超级水果”。Gac是一种橙色水果，呈卵形，有柔软的刺状纹理。在马来西亚，gac果是一种不太为人所知的新植物。本研究旨在利用营养和生殖两部分的形态分析对gac果实进行特征分析，并利用ISSR分析对gac果实的遗传多样性进行表征。从不同地区(Kota Damansara(雪兰莪州)、Melaka Tengah(马六甲)、Hulu Langat(雪兰莪州)和Kuantan(彭亨州))收集了4种不同的gac材料，在热带条件下在关丹州和彭亨州种植。gac材料在形态性状上存在差异。果实颜色一般为红橙色，叶片正面深绿色，背面浅绿色，雌花和雄花颜色分别为浅黄色和白色。果实重193.72 g (GD) ~ 334.70 g (GH)，果实形状和穗密度各不相同。DNA提取采用CTAB法。30条引物均具有较高的多态性水平(83%)和多态性信息含量(PIC)，平均为0.48。Nei’s遗传距离系数在0.27 ~ 0.6之间，平均值为0.41。基于UPGMA分析的树状图将4个gac条目分为2个主要类群。聚类I由加入GD、GM和GH组成，而聚类II仅由GX组成。形态和分子分析结果表明，四种gac果实均具有遗传多样性。
{"title":"Morphological and Genetic Analysis of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (Gac) from Different Accessions in Malaysia","authors":"N. Khairi, H. Othman","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica cochinchinensis or gac fruit is a 'superfruit' that is well-known in Vietnam. Gac is an orange fruit that is ovoid in shape and has a soft spiny texture. In Malaysia, gac fruit is a new and less known plant. This study aimed to characterize gac fruit using morphological analysis involving both vegetative and reproductive parts and to characterize the genetic diversity in gac fruit by using Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. Four different gac accessions were collected from different areas (Kota Damansara (Selangor), Melaka Tengah (Melaka), Hulu Langat (Selangor) and Kuantan (Pahang)) were cultivated under tropical conditions in Kuantan, Pahang. The gac accessions showed differences in morphological characters. Generally, the gac fruits were reddish-orange in colour, the leaf was dark green on the adaxial part and light green on the abaxial part, and the female and male flower was light yellow and white in color. The fruit weight ranged from 193.72 g (GD) to 334.70 g (GH) with varied shapes and spike density. DNA extraction was following the CTAB method. All 30 primers showed high levels of polymorphism (83%) and the polymorphism information content (PIC) with the mean of 0.48. Nei's genetic distance coefficient ranged between 0.27 and 0.6 with the mean value of 0.41. Dendrogram based on UPGMA analysis grouped the four gac accessions into two main groups. Cluster I consisted of accession GD, GM and GH while cluster II consisted of only GX. Results from both morphological and molecular analysis showed genetic diversities in all four gac fruits studied.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45424949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The diversity of flora in Kalimantan influences the presence of microbe-associated with rhizosphere on their activities and functions in ecosystems. However, abiotic stress such as acidification, drought, and toxic soil residues negatively impacted soil health and plant growth in some regions of Kalimantan's soil. The rhizobacteria, as a group of the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can colonize in the rhizosphere to produce their natural product in making phytohormone for root growth, maintaining soil aggregation and solubilizing the mineral in the soil. Those benefit of rhizobacteria is essential to investigate. However, the study of the role of rhizobacteria in Kalimantan soil interaction with the plant was unclear. Therefore, this review focused on the presence of rhizobacteria and their potency to solve abiotic problems in Kalimantan soil and the underlying mechanism rhizobacteria employs to tolerate harsh soil.
{"title":"The Ecological Significance of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Tropical Soil Kalimantan: A Narrative Review","authors":"Ervinda Yuliatin","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.20","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of flora in Kalimantan influences the presence of microbe-associated with rhizosphere on their activities and functions in ecosystems. However, abiotic stress such as acidification, drought, and toxic soil residues negatively impacted soil health and plant growth in some regions of Kalimantan's soil. The rhizobacteria, as a group of the plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), can colonize in the rhizosphere to produce their natural product in making phytohormone for root growth, maintaining soil aggregation and solubilizing the mineral in the soil. Those benefit of rhizobacteria is essential to investigate. However, the study of the role of rhizobacteria in Kalimantan soil interaction with the plant was unclear. Therefore, this review focused on the presence of rhizobacteria and their potency to solve abiotic problems in Kalimantan soil and the underlying mechanism rhizobacteria employs to tolerate harsh soil.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44455398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ox-LDL generated apoptotic bodies using THP-1 macrophage is a useful tool to study foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. However, the common problem is the cells in the negative control (i.e., absence of ox-LDL) undergo apoptosis. Therefore, the type of cell culture vessel was proposed to be the key factor contributing to cell apoptosis. The THP-1 cells were differentiated into M1 macrophages using 10 ng/μL PMA, 5 ng/μL LPS, and 20 ng/μL IFN-? while 5 ng/μL PMA, 20 ng/μL IL-4 and 20 ng/μL IL-13 were used to differentiate THP-1 into M2 macrophages. Two types of cell culture vessels (6-well plate and T25 flask) were used to culture the macrophages. The cells were subsequently stained using Annexin V-FITC and Propidium Iodide prior to flow cytometry analysis. Interestingly, both M1 and M2 macrophages cultured in the T25 flask resulted in a significantly higher percentage of cell viability compared to macrophages cultured in 6-well plate [M1: 84.15% ± 4.39 vs 8.02% ± 1.55, p < 0.0001; M2: 95.95% ± 1.74 vs 10.50% ± 0.05, p < 0.0001]. In summary, the type of culture vessel is a vital factor in determining cell viability attributed to the surface area and cell seeding density in different types of vessels.
{"title":"Comparison of THP-1 Macrophages Viability in Different Types of Culture Vessel","authors":"Z. Yasin, Fatin Idrus, G. Tee","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"The ox-LDL generated apoptotic bodies using THP-1 macrophage is a useful tool to study foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. However, the common problem is the cells in the negative control (i.e., absence of ox-LDL) undergo apoptosis. Therefore, the type of cell culture vessel was proposed to be the key factor contributing to cell apoptosis. The THP-1 cells were differentiated into M1 macrophages using 10 ng/μL PMA, 5 ng/μL LPS, and 20 ng/μL IFN-? while 5 ng/μL PMA, 20 ng/μL IL-4 and 20 ng/μL IL-13 were used to differentiate THP-1 into M2 macrophages. Two types of cell culture vessels (6-well plate and T25 flask) were used to culture the macrophages. The cells were subsequently stained using Annexin V-FITC and Propidium Iodide prior to flow cytometry analysis. Interestingly, both M1 and M2 macrophages cultured in the T25 flask resulted in a significantly higher percentage of cell viability compared to macrophages cultured in 6-well plate [M1: 84.15% ± 4.39 vs 8.02% ± 1.55, p < 0.0001; M2: 95.95% ± 1.74 vs 10.50% ± 0.05, p < 0.0001]. In summary, the type of culture vessel is a vital factor in determining cell viability attributed to the surface area and cell seeding density in different types of vessels.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44353732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Abidin, A. Johari, Z. Ariffin, M. Yazid, H. Dyari, S. Ariffin
Piper sarmentosum or ‘kaduk’ is a well-known herb plant in Malaysia. Its extracts were found to exhibit a bone-protective effect against osteoporotic rats. Our study aim is to morphologically observe the effect of P. sarmentosum ethyl acetate extract on the differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) into osteoblasts. P. sarmentosum extracts (1-900 µg/mL) prepared using 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in the cytotoxicity assay. Then, the differentiation assay was performed using concentrations of 1-50 µg/mL. The untreated cells acted as the negative control, while the cells cultured in 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate was a positive control. The cytotoxicity effect and proliferation capacity of the cells were analyzed using Trypan Blue exclusion method, while the differentiation of PBSCs was observed using von Kossa staining and ALP gene expression analysis. The result showed a decrease in cells’ viability in a dose-dependent manner during cytotoxicity assay. After 14 days of the differentiation, a constant rate of proliferation could be observed in the treated cells and positive control, while the untreated cells showed an increase in proliferation. The mineralization of extract-treated cells showed significant differences (p<0.05) as compared to the negative control. The expression of ALP was also upregulated on day 14 of differentiation compared to day 0. In conclusion, the extract was capable to induce osteoblast differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cell and potential to be used in tissue regeneration
Piper sarmentosum或' kaduk '是马来西亚著名的草本植物。其提取物被发现对骨质疏松的大鼠具有骨保护作用。本研究旨在形态学上观察沙草乙酸乙酯提取物对人外周血干细胞向成骨细胞分化的影响。细胞毒性实验采用1%二甲亚砜(DMSO)制备的沙薄荷提取物(1-900µg/mL)。然后，用1-50µg/mL的浓度进行分化实验。未处理的细胞为阴性对照，50µg/mL抗坏血酸和10 mM β-甘油磷酸酯培养的细胞为阳性对照。采用台盼蓝法分析细胞的细胞毒作用和增殖能力，von Kossa染色和ALP基因表达分析观察PBSCs的分化情况。细胞毒性实验结果显示细胞活力呈剂量依赖性下降。分化14 d后，处理组细胞和阳性对照细胞增殖速率不变，未处理组细胞增殖速率增加。与阴性对照相比，提取液处理的细胞矿化率有显著差异(p<0.05)。分化第14天ALP的表达也比第0天上调。综上所述，该提取物具有诱导人外周血干细胞成骨分化的作用，具有用于组织再生的潜力
{"title":"Cytotoxic and Osteoblast Differentiation Induction Properties of Crude Polar Extract of Piper sarmentosum leaves","authors":"I. Abidin, A. Johari, Z. Ariffin, M. Yazid, H. Dyari, S. Ariffin","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Piper sarmentosum or ‘kaduk’ is a well-known herb plant in Malaysia. Its extracts were found to exhibit a bone-protective effect against osteoporotic rats. Our study aim is to morphologically observe the effect of P. sarmentosum ethyl acetate extract on the differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) into osteoblasts. P. sarmentosum extracts (1-900 µg/mL) prepared using 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in the cytotoxicity assay. Then, the differentiation assay was performed using concentrations of 1-50 µg/mL. The untreated cells acted as the negative control, while the cells cultured in 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate was a positive control. The cytotoxicity effect and proliferation capacity of the cells were analyzed using Trypan Blue exclusion method, while the differentiation of PBSCs was observed using von Kossa staining and ALP gene expression analysis. The result showed a decrease in cells’ viability in a dose-dependent manner during cytotoxicity assay. After 14 days of the differentiation, a constant rate of proliferation could be observed in the treated cells and positive control, while the untreated cells showed an increase in proliferation. The mineralization of extract-treated cells showed significant differences (p<0.05) as compared to the negative control. The expression of ALP was also upregulated on day 14 of differentiation compared to day 0. In conclusion, the extract was capable to induce osteoblast differentiation of human peripheral blood stem cell and potential to be used in tissue regeneration","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48705591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae) is a plant traditionally used to reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. There is limited information on the anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypertensive effects of the various M. micrantha leaves and stem extracts. This study aimed to examine the in vitro potential of different parts of M. micrantha (leaves and stem) extracts in inhibiting hyperlipidemia-related enzymes, i.e., pancreatic lipase (PL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), in addition to the hypertension-related, i.e., angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE). This study spectrophotometrically determined the inhibitory activities of hot water, cold water, 70% ethanol, and ethyl acetate M. micrantha leaves and stem extracts against the above-said enzymes using PL, LPL, HMGR, and ACE inhibition assays. The study found that the ethanol stem (ETS) extract exhibited the highest PL inhibitory activity (IC50=4.49±2.50 μg/mL), albeit the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05) compared to orlistat (IC50=0.31±0.01 μg/mL). Meanwhile, the ethanol leaves (ETL) extract yielded the highest LPL (IC50=1.42±0.48 μg/mL) and HMGR inhibitory activity (50.12±3.44%), although the greatest ACE inhibition was observed for the hot water stem (HWS) extract (97.47±1.19%). However, the result was insignificant (p > 0.05) compared to other extracts and captopril (98.42±0.93%). In brief, the extracts generally exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against PL, LPL, HMGR, and ACE, thus conveying the M. micrantha extracts' anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypertensive potentials.
{"title":"Lipid and Blood Pressure Lowering Effects of Mikania micrantha Through En-zymatic Inhibition","authors":"A. Ishak, Nurul Sjafie, Norhaizan Esa, H. Bahari","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae) is a plant traditionally used to reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. There is limited information on the anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypertensive effects of the various M. micrantha leaves and stem extracts. This study aimed to examine the in vitro potential of different parts of M. micrantha (leaves and stem) extracts in inhibiting hyperlipidemia-related enzymes, i.e., pancreatic lipase (PL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), in addition to the hypertension-related, i.e., angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE). This study spectrophotometrically determined the inhibitory activities of hot water, cold water, 70% ethanol, and ethyl acetate M. micrantha leaves and stem extracts against the above-said enzymes using PL, LPL, HMGR, and ACE inhibition assays. The study found that the ethanol stem (ETS) extract exhibited the highest PL inhibitory activity (IC50=4.49±2.50 μg/mL), albeit the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05) compared to orlistat (IC50=0.31±0.01 μg/mL). Meanwhile, the ethanol leaves (ETL) extract yielded the highest LPL (IC50=1.42±0.48 μg/mL) and HMGR inhibitory activity (50.12±3.44%), although the greatest ACE inhibition was observed for the hot water stem (HWS) extract (97.47±1.19%). However, the result was insignificant (p > 0.05) compared to other extracts and captopril (98.42±0.93%). In brief, the extracts generally exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against PL, LPL, HMGR, and ACE, thus conveying the M. micrantha extracts' anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hypertensive potentials.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45439022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fermented foods are an important diet component of people around the world. Kefir, or fermented milk, is popular worldwide due to its high nutritional value, with cow's milk being the common substrate for traditional kefir fermentation. However, the scarcity of animal-based milk in some countries, plus cultural, religious, and health reasons, have seen non-dairy milk kefir from almond milk gaining popularity among consumers globally. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the proximate composition and anti-microbial activity of kefir produced from 100% cow or 100% almond or an equal (1:1) mixture of both kinds of milk. This study used the AOAC 2000 method for the proximate analysis, while the agar well diffusion method examined the anti-microbial activity of the milk samples against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. Results revealed that the three kefir samples showed significantly different (p<0.05) moisture, total dietary fiber, and fat contents and were within the CODEX acceptable range for kefir. All samples exhibited varying degrees of inhibition between the different pathogens. The diameters of the inhibition zone of the tested kefir samples were significantly different toward Salmonella typhi (p<0.05), with the mixture of almond and cow milk notably producing better inhibition towards all tested bacteria. The above-said milk mixture also gave a better overall nutrient profile (lower fat and higher fibre). While almond milk might be a suitable substrate for kefir, it was not effectively inhibitory for all bacteria. The overall results thus conveyed the promising use of almond and cow milk mixture as an alternative substrate for kefir fermentation, further supporting its potential use as a probiotics source.
{"title":"Proximate Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Kefir Produced from Cow’s and Almond Milk","authors":"Jing Hew, S. Shafie, N. Sulaiman","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Fermented foods are an important diet component of people around the world. Kefir, or fermented milk, is popular worldwide due to its high nutritional value, with cow's milk being the common substrate for traditional kefir fermentation. However, the scarcity of animal-based milk in some countries, plus cultural, religious, and health reasons, have seen non-dairy milk kefir from almond milk gaining popularity among consumers globally. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the proximate composition and anti-microbial activity of kefir produced from 100% cow or 100% almond or an equal (1:1) mixture of both kinds of milk. This study used the AOAC 2000 method for the proximate analysis, while the agar well diffusion method examined the anti-microbial activity of the milk samples against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. Results revealed that the three kefir samples showed significantly different (p<0.05) moisture, total dietary fiber, and fat contents and were within the CODEX acceptable range for kefir. All samples exhibited varying degrees of inhibition between the different pathogens. The diameters of the inhibition zone of the tested kefir samples were significantly different toward Salmonella typhi (p<0.05), with the mixture of almond and cow milk notably producing better inhibition towards all tested bacteria. The above-said milk mixture also gave a better overall nutrient profile (lower fat and higher fibre). While almond milk might be a suitable substrate for kefir, it was not effectively inhibitory for all bacteria. The overall results thus conveyed the promising use of almond and cow milk mixture as an alternative substrate for kefir fermentation, further supporting its potential use as a probiotics source.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45854866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nia Kurnianingsih, Dian Artamevia, Antania Winarta, Andini Wulandari, Syifa Siregar, D. Hasanah, E. Widodo, Retty Ratmawati
Psychological stress generates inflammation and oxidative stress in various tissues. Visceral fat as the target site of inflammation is then correlated with stress-induced obesity. Redox imbalance following inflammation also has prominent impacts on hepatic tissue. Therefore, the development of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties from plant bioactive compounds is necessary to be investigated. Anthocyanin (ANC) from various plants is previously described as a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant even though its effect in psychological stress remains underexplored. Purple sweet potatoes (PSP) has ANC as its natural pigment. Previous studies revealed the potential effect of ANC from PSP on behavior and an antidepressant candidate. Thus, this study was purposed to determine the effect of ANC from PSP on inflammation and oxidative stress in visceral fat and hepatic tissue respectively. A total of 25 adult male BALB/c mice were assigned into groups of control, stress, stress+ANC 10 mg/kgBW, stress+ANC 20 mg/kgBW and stress+ANC 40 mg/kgBW. Restraint stress was applied 2 hours/day for 14 days. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was conducted to measure level of IL-6 and IL-10 in visceral fat as well as SOD and MDA from hepatic tissue. The results demonstrated that the supplementation of ANC reduces the level of IL-6 cytokine (p=0.005), tends to increase IL-10 (p=0.612), reduces hepatic SOD (p=0.03), and does not significantly affect the level of hepatic MDA (p=0.432). Both ratios of IL-6/IL-10 and SOD/MDA were reduced following ANC administration. Total ANC extracts are suggested to have a potential role of resisting inflammation and oxidative stress in the psychologically stressed model. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits of ANC from PSP in other peripheral organs under psychological stress exposure.
{"title":"Modifying Effect of Anthocyanin from Purple Sweet Potatoes on Visceral Fat Tissue Inflammation and Liver Oxidative Stress in Psychological Stress-Induced Mice","authors":"Nia Kurnianingsih, Dian Artamevia, Antania Winarta, Andini Wulandari, Syifa Siregar, D. Hasanah, E. Widodo, Retty Ratmawati","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.18","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological stress generates inflammation and oxidative stress in various tissues. Visceral fat as the target site of inflammation is then correlated with stress-induced obesity. Redox imbalance following inflammation also has prominent impacts on hepatic tissue. Therefore, the development of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties from plant bioactive compounds is necessary to be investigated. Anthocyanin (ANC) from various plants is previously described as a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant even though its effect in psychological stress remains underexplored. Purple sweet potatoes (PSP) has ANC as its natural pigment. Previous studies revealed the potential effect of ANC from PSP on behavior and an antidepressant candidate. Thus, this study was purposed to determine the effect of ANC from PSP on inflammation and oxidative stress in visceral fat and hepatic tissue respectively. A total of 25 adult male BALB/c mice were assigned into groups of control, stress, stress+ANC 10 mg/kgBW, stress+ANC 20 mg/kgBW and stress+ANC 40 mg/kgBW. Restraint stress was applied 2 hours/day for 14 days. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was conducted to measure level of IL-6 and IL-10 in visceral fat as well as SOD and MDA from hepatic tissue. The results demonstrated that the supplementation of ANC reduces the level of IL-6 cytokine (p=0.005), tends to increase IL-10 (p=0.612), reduces hepatic SOD (p=0.03), and does not significantly affect the level of hepatic MDA (p=0.432). Both ratios of IL-6/IL-10 and SOD/MDA were reduced following ANC administration. Total ANC extracts are suggested to have a potential role of resisting inflammation and oxidative stress in the psychologically stressed model. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits of ANC from PSP in other peripheral organs under psychological stress exposure.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47520398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yusof, A. Tamizi, Nurul Zim, Siti Sattar, M. Salleh, N. Azmi, Z. Zainal, Z. Zainuddin, N. Samsulrizal
Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food consumed by the majority of the world’s population. Climate change, however, has created a significant threat to our food security as it posed severe effects on rice production. The emergence of genome editing technology has opened a new era in crop improvement. Hence, this study aims to develop the CRISPR/Cas9 construct of drought tolerance for O. sativa subsp. indica cv. IR64 using Golden Gate cloning method. For this purpose, the generation of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs involved several stages, i.e., characterization of SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme (OsSCE1) gene, single-guide RNA (sgRNA) design and vector construction. FGENESH, GeneMarkS, InterProScan, and Blast2GO programmes – were used for the OsSCE1 gene characterisation. The putative OsSCE1 gene isolated from IR64 was then verified by sequencing, and the gene was 585 bp long and showed 99% identity with O. sativa on chromosome 10. In silico analysis concluded the gene is involved in abiotic stress regulation. The 20 bp sgRNA was designed manually with the aid of gRNA prediction programmes including CCTop, and Benchling. The virtual vector was validated using the Golden Gate Cloning approach and later confirmed through sequencing. The assembly involved separate vectors containing the OsSCE1 sgRNA sequence, plant selectable marker, and Cas9 cassette to construct standardised elements for hierarchical modular cloning (MoClo). This study demonstrated that our format, as the gene insertion are achievable, resulting in a speedier and more efficient assembly process which may contribute to improve drought tolerance in indica rice. Further study on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the developed construct may be conducted to determine the efficacy of knocking out candidate genes in improving drought tolerance ability O. sativa
{"title":"Development of CRISPR/Cas9 Construct in Rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica) Using Golden Gate Cloning Method Towards Drought Tolerance","authors":"A. Yusof, A. Tamizi, Nurul Zim, Siti Sattar, M. Salleh, N. Azmi, Z. Zainal, Z. Zainuddin, N. Samsulrizal","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food consumed by the majority of the world’s population. Climate change, however, has created a significant threat to our food security as it posed severe effects on rice production. The emergence of genome editing technology has opened a new era in crop improvement. Hence, this study aims to develop the CRISPR/Cas9 construct of drought tolerance for O. sativa subsp. indica cv. IR64 using Golden Gate cloning method. For this purpose, the generation of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs involved several stages, i.e., characterization of SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme (OsSCE1) gene, single-guide RNA (sgRNA) design and vector construction. FGENESH, GeneMarkS, InterProScan, and Blast2GO programmes – were used for the OsSCE1 gene characterisation. The putative OsSCE1 gene isolated from IR64 was then verified by sequencing, and the gene was 585 bp long and showed 99% identity with O. sativa on chromosome 10. In silico analysis concluded the gene is involved in abiotic stress regulation. The 20 bp sgRNA was designed manually with the aid of gRNA prediction programmes including CCTop, and Benchling. The virtual vector was validated using the Golden Gate Cloning approach and later confirmed through sequencing. The assembly involved separate vectors containing the OsSCE1 sgRNA sequence, plant selectable marker, and Cas9 cassette to construct standardised elements for hierarchical modular cloning (MoClo). This study demonstrated that our format, as the gene insertion are achievable, resulting in a speedier and more efficient assembly process which may contribute to improve drought tolerance in indica rice. Further study on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using the developed construct may be conducted to determine the efficacy of knocking out candidate genes in improving drought tolerance ability O. sativa","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45555586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harmful chemical waste is a serious problem being faced during the synthesis of nanoparticles due to the usage of hazardous chemicals. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of the leaves of C. odorata is cheap and environmentally friendly. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using C. odorata aqueous extract as reducing agent. The leaves of C. odorata was extracted by using cold maceration technique. The phytochemicals screening of leaves was done and positive results was showed for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics in the leaves extract of C. odorata. The synthesized C. odorata extract mediated AgNPs was characterized using several techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The reduction of pure Ag (I) ions to Ag (0) was monitored using UV-Vis every one hour after 24 hours up to 28 hours and it showed an absorption band at 430-450 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to determine its particle size and the average particle size obtained was 27.3 nm. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by using C. odorata leaves aqueous extract was determined for its antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 value obtained was 277.29 mg/ml. Based on the results obtained, it indicates that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using C. odorata leaves aqueous extract possessed antioxidant activity that can scavenge free radicals.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaves of Chromolaena odorata and its Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Siti Hasyim, Angelle John","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful chemical waste is a serious problem being faced during the synthesis of nanoparticles due to the usage of hazardous chemicals. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of the leaves of C. odorata is cheap and environmentally friendly. This study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using C. odorata aqueous extract as reducing agent. The leaves of C. odorata was extracted by using cold maceration technique. The phytochemicals screening of leaves was done and positive results was showed for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics in the leaves extract of C. odorata. The synthesized C. odorata extract mediated AgNPs was characterized using several techniques including UV-Visible spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The reduction of pure Ag (I) ions to Ag (0) was monitored using UV-Vis every one hour after 24 hours up to 28 hours and it showed an absorption band at 430-450 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was utilized to determine its particle size and the average particle size obtained was 27.3 nm. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by using C. odorata leaves aqueous extract was determined for its antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 value obtained was 277.29 mg/ml. Based on the results obtained, it indicates that the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using C. odorata leaves aqueous extract possessed antioxidant activity that can scavenge free radicals.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Su Lee, M. Mojulat, Grace Thangaperagasam, N. Surugau, Sheri-Ann Tan, Oliver Jhon
Cratoxylum cochinchinenseis a perennial plant found in Southeast Asia, having di-verse terminologies in various Southeast Asian countries. It has been traditionally used as medicine, tea and food spice until today. Its phytochemical analysis reveals a rich array of bioactive compounds in different parts of the plant, specifically xan-thones, which are scientifically determined to be the most abundant secondary me-tabolites in C. cochinchinense. Xanthones do possess numerous beneficial properties and are actively researched to unlock its vast potential. It could be synthesized both biologically and synthetically, where the latter method is gaining much interest among researchers to improve its biological properties. Due to limited compiled re-sources on the biological benefits of xanthones from C. cochinchinense, this paper aims to review theircytotoxic properties specifically towards cancer cells, as well as their antimalarial and antibacterial effects in order to further support the medicinal use of this plan
{"title":"A Review on the Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Properties of Xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense","authors":"Su Lee, M. Mojulat, Grace Thangaperagasam, N. Surugau, Sheri-Ann Tan, Oliver Jhon","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"Cratoxylum cochinchinenseis a perennial plant found in Southeast Asia, having di-verse terminologies in various Southeast Asian countries. It has been traditionally used as medicine, tea and food spice until today. Its phytochemical analysis reveals a rich array of bioactive compounds in different parts of the plant, specifically xan-thones, which are scientifically determined to be the most abundant secondary me-tabolites in C. cochinchinense. Xanthones do possess numerous beneficial properties and are actively researched to unlock its vast potential. It could be synthesized both biologically and synthetically, where the latter method is gaining much interest among researchers to improve its biological properties. Due to limited compiled re-sources on the biological benefits of xanthones from C. cochinchinense, this paper aims to review theircytotoxic properties specifically towards cancer cells, as well as their antimalarial and antibacterial effects in order to further support the medicinal use of this plan","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46914803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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