N. Burhan, I. Suffian, S. Zakaria, Nurasyikin Hamzah, S. Othman
Commercially available topical oral drugs in current markets have low efficacy in delivery active load to the infected site due to poor formulation. Delivery of the active ingredients proven to be challenging as compared to skin due the presence of saliva and low shear. The aim of this project to improve formulation and characterised suitable hydrogels which later will be incorporated with nanoparticle drug for oral cancer. The gels are formulated at different pH values (4, 7, 10) and concentrations as such (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% for alginate whereas kappa-carrageenan and iota-carrageenan were formulated with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%). The viscosity and zeta potential of the formulated gels are studied using HAAKE™ MARS™ rheometer and Zetasiser Nano-Z respectively. Findings revealed both 1% of kappa-carrageenan and 1% iota-carrageenan of pH 4 and pH 7 are the best candidates for nanoparticle drug delivery as the viscosity and zeta potential for 1% kappa-carrageenan (pH 4), 1% kappa-carrageenan (pH 7), 1% iota-carrageenan (pH 4), and 1% iota-carrageenan (pH 7) amongst the highest as such 70.507±6.190, 61.040±3.199, 59.490±7.799, 67.953±2.034 Pa·s, correspondingly with zeta potential value of -19.4 mV, -20.6 mV, -33.1 mV and -30.4 mV. All hydrogels formulated with different concentration were affected by pH values, by having pH value 4 and 7 appeared to have high viscosity with pseudoplastic behaviour based on the rheological profile, except for alginate due to high density sodium alginate was used in this study.
{"title":"Rheological Assessments on Alginate and Carrageenan as Nanoparticle Carriers for Topical Oral Cancer Drug","authors":"N. Burhan, I. Suffian, S. Zakaria, Nurasyikin Hamzah, S. Othman","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available topical oral drugs in current markets have low efficacy in delivery active load to the infected site due to poor formulation. Delivery of the active ingredients proven to be challenging as compared to skin due the presence of saliva and low shear. The aim of this project to improve formulation and characterised suitable hydrogels which later will be incorporated with nanoparticle drug for oral cancer. The gels are formulated at different pH values (4, 7, 10) and concentrations as such (0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% for alginate whereas kappa-carrageenan and iota-carrageenan were formulated with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0%). The viscosity and zeta potential of the formulated gels are studied using HAAKE™ MARS™ rheometer and Zetasiser Nano-Z respectively. Findings revealed both 1% of kappa-carrageenan and 1% iota-carrageenan of pH 4 and pH 7 are the best candidates for nanoparticle drug delivery as the viscosity and zeta potential for 1% kappa-carrageenan (pH 4), 1% kappa-carrageenan (pH 7), 1% iota-carrageenan (pH 4), and 1% iota-carrageenan (pH 7) amongst the highest as such 70.507±6.190, 61.040±3.199, 59.490±7.799, 67.953±2.034 Pa·s, correspondingly with zeta potential value of -19.4 mV, -20.6 mV, -33.1 mV and -30.4 mV. All hydrogels formulated with different concentration were affected by pH values, by having pH value 4 and 7 appeared to have high viscosity with pseudoplastic behaviour based on the rheological profile, except for alginate due to high density sodium alginate was used in this study.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41395402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) is traditionally used in folk medicine for its antibacterial, memory-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and skin-whitening effects of the methanol and ethanol extracts of Korean fir needles. The extracts were tested for their antioxidant capacity using various assays, including radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, O2-, H2O2 and NO), SOD-like, ferrous ion chelating, and reducing power assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The non-toxic doses of the extracts were determined by MTT assay using human malignant melanoma SK mel-100 cells, and the tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were measured using an enzyme-substrate assay. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the Korean fir needle extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by their radical scavenging activities in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. The Korean fir needle extract significantly reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin content in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01), suggesting its potential use as a skin-whitening agent. The methanol extracts of the Korean fir needles exhibited significantly higher phenolic (8306 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) content, with higher superoxide (IC50 = 4.22 mg/mL) and nitric oxide (IC50 = 1.50 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities and inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis than those of ethanol extracts (p < 0.05). Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) needles as a source of tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants for inhibiting melanin biosynthesis, which could have applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Antioxidant Property and Inhibition of Tyrosinase and Melanin Synthesis of the Korean Fir (Abies koreana Wilson) Needle Extracts","authors":"J. Kim, M. Kim","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) is traditionally used in folk medicine for its antibacterial, memory-enhancing, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and skin-whitening effects of the methanol and ethanol extracts of Korean fir needles. The extracts were tested for their antioxidant capacity using various assays, including radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, O2-, H2O2 and NO), SOD-like, ferrous ion chelating, and reducing power assays. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The non-toxic doses of the extracts were determined by MTT assay using human malignant melanoma SK mel-100 cells, and the tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were measured using an enzyme-substrate assay. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the Korean fir needle extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner, as confirmed by their radical scavenging activities in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. The Korean fir needle extract significantly reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin content in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01), suggesting its potential use as a skin-whitening agent. The methanol extracts of the Korean fir needles exhibited significantly higher phenolic (8306 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) content, with higher superoxide (IC50 = 4.22 mg/mL) and nitric oxide (IC50 = 1.50 mg/mL) radical scavenging activities and inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis than those of ethanol extracts (p < 0.05). Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) needles as a source of tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants for inhibiting melanin biosynthesis, which could have applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46628359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eufrasia R. A. Lengur, Y. Jatmiko, E. Arisoesilaningsih, E. Widodo
Free-range chicken is livestock reared to support the humans' need for protein alongside its ritualistic use in traditional medicine to treat diseases. This study investigates the diversity of bacterial communities in the free-range chicken cecum reared in different East Nusa Tenggara Province localities comprising Sambi 1, Sambi 2 villages, Labuan Bajo, and Kupang City. The extracted chromosomal DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing using the V3-V4 region primers. Results revealed that the Kupang chicken cecum had the highest total tags, while the Sambi 2 village recorded the lowest. Similarly, Sambi 2 chicken cecum exhibited the highest unique tags (6662) and OTUs number (1261), while the Kupang samples gave the lowest at 2550 and 745, respectively. The Shannon diversity index for bacterial diversity demonstrated that cecum samples from Labuan Bajo (5.679) were more diverse than Sambi 1 (5.378), Sambi 2 (5.653), and Kupang samples (3.77). The bacteria with the highest dominance index (0.935) was found in Sambi 2, while the lowest was observed in the Kupang samples (0.082). The three bacterial phyla showing the highest relative abundance were those from Sambi 1, Sambi 2, and Labuan Bajo cecum samples, comprising Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota.Conversely, the Kupang samples showed an abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Campilobacterota, compared to the Lactobacillus-dominated Kupang, Sambi 1, and Sambi 2 chicken cecum samples. The highest relative abundance for Bifidobacterium occurred in Sambi 1 and Sambi 2 chicken cecum samples, the Kupang samples were Campylobacter dominated, and Olsenella was abundant in the Labuan Bajo samples. Intriguingly, the bacterial composition in the tested chicken cecum samples largely comprised beneficial bacteria such as the lactic acid bacteria group. This bacterial group can be further characterized for obtaining probiotic cultures that could improve the health of free-range chickens.
{"title":"Next-Generation Sequencing of the Microbial Community Profile In Free-Range Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Cecum from East Nusa Tenggara Province","authors":"Eufrasia R. A. Lengur, Y. Jatmiko, E. Arisoesilaningsih, E. Widodo","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.13","url":null,"abstract":"Free-range chicken is livestock reared to support the humans' need for protein alongside its ritualistic use in traditional medicine to treat diseases. This study investigates the diversity of bacterial communities in the free-range chicken cecum reared in different East Nusa Tenggara Province localities comprising Sambi 1, Sambi 2 villages, Labuan Bajo, and Kupang City. The extracted chromosomal DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing using the V3-V4 region primers. Results revealed that the Kupang chicken cecum had the highest total tags, while the Sambi 2 village recorded the lowest. Similarly, Sambi 2 chicken cecum exhibited the highest unique tags (6662) and OTUs number (1261), while the Kupang samples gave the lowest at 2550 and 745, respectively. The Shannon diversity index for bacterial diversity demonstrated that cecum samples from Labuan Bajo (5.679) were more diverse than Sambi 1 (5.378), Sambi 2 (5.653), and Kupang samples (3.77). The bacteria with the highest dominance index (0.935) was found in Sambi 2, while the lowest was observed in the Kupang samples (0.082). The three bacterial phyla showing the highest relative abundance were those from Sambi 1, Sambi 2, and Labuan Bajo cecum samples, comprising Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota.Conversely, the Kupang samples showed an abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Campilobacterota, compared to the Lactobacillus-dominated Kupang, Sambi 1, and Sambi 2 chicken cecum samples. The highest relative abundance for Bifidobacterium occurred in Sambi 1 and Sambi 2 chicken cecum samples, the Kupang samples were Campylobacter dominated, and Olsenella was abundant in the Labuan Bajo samples. Intriguingly, the bacterial composition in the tested chicken cecum samples largely comprised beneficial bacteria such as the lactic acid bacteria group. This bacterial group can be further characterized for obtaining probiotic cultures that could improve the health of free-range chickens.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48544909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spermatozoa sexing requires a diluent that can protect and provide an optimal environment to maintain the quality of spermatozoa. This study targets to determine the effectiveness of adding sucrose to tris-egg yolk diluent on the sperm quality of the swamp buffaloes produced by sexing with the egg albumin method. Semen was collected once a week for 12 consecutive weeks with an artificial vagina from three male buffaloes at the Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD) in April - June 2021. Semen was separated by sedimentation using 10% and 30% egg albumins. Semen from sexing was divided into four diluent treatments, namely 20% tris-egg yolk (TEY), TEY+0% sucrose, TEY+0.2% sucrose, TEY+0.3% sucrose, and TEY+0.4% sucrose. Parameters measured included: motility, viability, intact plasm membrane, and intact acrosome cap of buffalo sperm. The results showed the motility of X sperm: 43.75-47.5%, Y sperm: 40-45%, the viability of X sperm: 78.25-79.75% and Y sperm: 77.25-79.75%, intact plasm membrane of X sperm: 70.5-71.5% and Y sperm: 70.5-71%, and viable acrosome-intact for X sperm: 79-80% and Y sperm: 78.75-79.5%. The addition of sucrose up to 0.4% into tris-egg yolk diluent was proven can maintain motility, viability, and integrity of cell membrane and acrosome of spermatozoa of water buffalo that was sexed with egg albumin.
{"title":"The effectiveness of Adding Different Sucrose in Tris-Egg Yolk Diluent on the Sperm Fertility of Sexing Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","authors":"Allif Bukhori, R. Sianturi, D. Kusumaningrum","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"Spermatozoa sexing requires a diluent that can protect and provide an optimal environment to maintain the quality of spermatozoa. This study targets to determine the effectiveness of adding sucrose to tris-egg yolk diluent on the sperm quality of the swamp buffaloes produced by sexing with the egg albumin method. Semen was collected once a week for 12 consecutive weeks with an artificial vagina from three male buffaloes at the Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD) in April - June 2021. Semen was separated by sedimentation using 10% and 30% egg albumins. Semen from sexing was divided into four diluent treatments, namely 20% tris-egg yolk (TEY), TEY+0% sucrose, TEY+0.2% sucrose, TEY+0.3% sucrose, and TEY+0.4% sucrose. Parameters measured included: motility, viability, intact plasm membrane, and intact acrosome cap of buffalo sperm. The results showed the motility of X sperm: 43.75-47.5%, Y sperm: 40-45%, the viability of X sperm: 78.25-79.75% and Y sperm: 77.25-79.75%, intact plasm membrane of X sperm: 70.5-71.5% and Y sperm: 70.5-71%, and viable acrosome-intact for X sperm: 79-80% and Y sperm: 78.75-79.5%. The addition of sucrose up to 0.4% into tris-egg yolk diluent was proven can maintain motility, viability, and integrity of cell membrane and acrosome of spermatozoa of water buffalo that was sexed with egg albumin.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dehalogenase-producing bacterium has been extensively studied due to their ability to reduce pollution in the environment. A previous study reported that Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 contains a putative haloacid dehalogenase type II gene, therefore, the presence of other genes associated with the dehalogenase regulatory gene function and uptake of halogenated compounds are expected. In the Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 whole genome, type II dehalogenase (DehWSH002) and two other genes related to dehalogenase regulatory and haloacid uptake genes were identified suggesting its ability to control the expression of putative dehalogenase(s) and the uptake of halogenated compounds into the cells. The phylogenetic analysis showed that DehWSH002 shared common features with DehLBHS1 of Bacillus megaterium strain BHS1 and Had protein of Bacillus megaterium strain ATCC12872/QMB1551. The study concluded that the genome of Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 contains a dehalogenase gene designated as dehWSH002 that is useful for biodegradation. In addition, further investigation of the adjacent genes suggested the presence of dehalogenase regulatory gene (dehR) and an uptake gene (dehP) in a single genetic organisation.
{"title":"The Genetic Organisation and Control of Putative Dehalogenase Gene Expression in Bacillus megaterium WSH-002","authors":"L. Zulkarnain, F. Huyop","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.15","url":null,"abstract":"Dehalogenase-producing bacterium has been extensively studied due to their ability to reduce pollution in the environment. A previous study reported that Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 contains a putative haloacid dehalogenase type II gene, therefore, the presence of other genes associated with the dehalogenase regulatory gene function and uptake of halogenated compounds are expected. In the Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 whole genome, type II dehalogenase (DehWSH002) and two other genes related to dehalogenase regulatory and haloacid uptake genes were identified suggesting its ability to control the expression of putative dehalogenase(s) and the uptake of halogenated compounds into the cells. The phylogenetic analysis showed that DehWSH002 shared common features with DehLBHS1 of Bacillus megaterium strain BHS1 and Had protein of Bacillus megaterium strain ATCC12872/QMB1551. The study concluded that the genome of Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 contains a dehalogenase gene designated as dehWSH002 that is useful for biodegradation. In addition, further investigation of the adjacent genes suggested the presence of dehalogenase regulatory gene (dehR) and an uptake gene (dehP) in a single genetic organisation.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49610056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India has been stated to have 10% of the world's total bat's diversity. The present survey was aimed to study the bat species diversity, distribution and activity patterns in north-western Himalayan region of India. Field surveys were conducted and echolocation calls were recorded using bat detector, Echometer touch 2 in Shiwalik ranges of Himalaya. The Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) has a broad distribution range that stretches from south to south east Asia. In India the distribution of the species was mostly recorded from southern subtropical coastal regions and north-eastern subtropical moist evergreen forests. In the present study The Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) has been recorded for the first time from Garhwal region of north-western Himalayas. Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) having long forearm (>6.63 ± 0.03cm) and lengthy ear (>3.66 ± 0.08cm), which is a distinguishable feature of the family Megadermatidae. The peak frequency (FMaxE) of echolocation was recorded as 50.295 ± 9.18 kHz. This frequency was initiated at 108.20 ± 2.51 kHz and terminated at 30.76 ± 1.37 kHz. The call structure recorded was very distinguishable and specific to this family.
{"title":"New distribution record of the Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra, Geoffroy 1810) from North-Western Himalaya","authors":"Devandra singh, D. Sharma","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"India has been stated to have 10% of the world's total bat's diversity. The present survey was aimed to study the bat species diversity, distribution and activity patterns in north-western Himalayan region of India. Field surveys were conducted and echolocation calls were recorded using bat detector, Echometer touch 2 in Shiwalik ranges of Himalaya. The Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) has a broad distribution range that stretches from south to south east Asia. In India the distribution of the species was mostly recorded from southern subtropical coastal regions and north-eastern subtropical moist evergreen forests. In the present study The Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) has been recorded for the first time from Garhwal region of north-western Himalayas. Greater False Vampire Bat (Megaderma lyra) having long forearm (>6.63 ± 0.03cm) and lengthy ear (>3.66 ± 0.08cm), which is a distinguishable feature of the family Megadermatidae. The peak frequency (FMaxE) of echolocation was recorded as 50.295 ± 9.18 kHz. This frequency was initiated at 108.20 ± 2.51 kHz and terminated at 30.76 ± 1.37 kHz. The call structure recorded was very distinguishable and specific to this family.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45143337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yogurt is one of the most popular fermented dairy products worldwide, with huge consumer acceptance due to its health benefits. While its shelf life is still relatively low, freeze-drying could extend the shelf life of yogurt. Other non-milk raw materials that can be an alternative substrate in yogurt are local Indonesian beans, namely Mung bean and Garut red bean. Additionally, yogurt can be added to the fiber- and carbohydrate-rich Manonjaya salak flour to produce a synbiotic product. Hence, this study aimed to produce yogurt powder comprising local nuts and Manonjaya salak through a freeze-drying process, which physical properties are organoleptically acceptable and meet Indonesian standards. In this study, the yogurt powder comprising the local Garut red- and Mung beans mixed with Manonjaya salak flour was compared to fresh yogurt as the control, plus yogurt powders from milk and nuts, as well as synbiotic yogurt powder from nuts, and Manonjaya salak flour. The physical properties of the resultant yogurt were tested for pH, %brix, moisture content, and organoleptic properties with hedonic testing. The findings revealed that the freeze-dried yogurt powder comprising Garut red- and Mung beans mixed with Manonjaya salak flour exhibited acceptable water content (10.39) with a 5.57 %brix and a final pH of 5.0, and was organoleptically acceptable by panelists. The physical and organoleptic properties of the Garut red-, mung beans, and Manonjaya salak flour yogurt power met the Indonesian national standards.
{"title":"Physical and Organoleptic Properties of Freeze-dried Local Beans and Salak Yogurt Powder","authors":"Ani Radiati, Irma Nuraeni","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Yogurt is one of the most popular fermented dairy products worldwide, with huge consumer acceptance due to its health benefits. While its shelf life is still relatively low, freeze-drying could extend the shelf life of yogurt. Other non-milk raw materials that can be an alternative substrate in yogurt are local Indonesian beans, namely Mung bean and Garut red bean. Additionally, yogurt can be added to the fiber- and carbohydrate-rich Manonjaya salak flour to produce a synbiotic product. Hence, this study aimed to produce yogurt powder comprising local nuts and Manonjaya salak through a freeze-drying process, which physical properties are organoleptically acceptable and meet Indonesian standards. In this study, the yogurt powder comprising the local Garut red- and Mung beans mixed with Manonjaya salak flour was compared to fresh yogurt as the control, plus yogurt powders from milk and nuts, as well as synbiotic yogurt powder from nuts, and Manonjaya salak flour. The physical properties of the resultant yogurt were tested for pH, %brix, moisture content, and organoleptic properties with hedonic testing. The findings revealed that the freeze-dried yogurt powder comprising Garut red- and Mung beans mixed with Manonjaya salak flour exhibited acceptable water content (10.39) with a 5.57 %brix and a final pH of 5.0, and was organoleptically acceptable by panelists. The physical and organoleptic properties of the Garut red-, mung beans, and Manonjaya salak flour yogurt power met the Indonesian national standards.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46841595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MR303 is a newly released Malaysian rice cultivar that comes with special traits as it can be cultivated in less fertile soils. Previous studies stated that miR164b is a key molecule that is responsible for regulating drought stress tolerance in many rice varieties. Thus, this study aims to identify the presence and regulatory role of miR164b in the MR303 variety using both computational and experimental approaches. The stem-loop structure of miR164b (pre-miR164b) was identified through reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) with a size of ~ 100 bp. The target prediction by psRNA target revealed that the target gene of miR164b is the NAM protein of the NAC transcription factor. A gene expression study by RT-PCR followed by Image J analysis in both control and drought-treated plants demonstrated low expression of miR164b was observed in the drought sample, which led to the accumulation of its target, NAM1. This study provides preliminary knowledge of the presence of miR164b and its regulatory role in the MR303 rice variety.
{"title":"Identification and Evaluation of Regulatory Role of miR164b in Malaysian Rice Variety (MR303) under Drought Stress","authors":"Catherine Xin, Chay Teng, A. Samad","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.19","url":null,"abstract":"MR303 is a newly released Malaysian rice cultivar that comes with special traits as it can be cultivated in less fertile soils. Previous studies stated that miR164b is a key molecule that is responsible for regulating drought stress tolerance in many rice varieties. Thus, this study aims to identify the presence and regulatory role of miR164b in the MR303 variety using both computational and experimental approaches. The stem-loop structure of miR164b (pre-miR164b) was identified through reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) with a size of ~ 100 bp. The target prediction by psRNA target revealed that the target gene of miR164b is the NAM protein of the NAC transcription factor. A gene expression study by RT-PCR followed by Image J analysis in both control and drought-treated plants demonstrated low expression of miR164b was observed in the drought sample, which led to the accumulation of its target, NAM1. This study provides preliminary knowledge of the presence of miR164b and its regulatory role in the MR303 rice variety.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44410611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ida Bagus, Wayan Gunam, Gede Arya Sujana, I. Made, Mahaputra Wijaya, Y. Setiyo, Wayan Arnata, Wayan Wisma, Pradnyana Putra
Ethanol is a biofuel produced from renewable resources, which potentially plays an important role in solving future fuel problems. This study aimed to select the highest ethanol-producing isolate from candidates obtained from previously isolated candidates from ragi and cassava tapai. The selection process was conducted in 2 stages, namely: 1) Selection of the highest ethanol-producing isolate from seven isolate candidates using PYG media containing peptone, yeast extract, and glucose at 0.75%, 0.75%, and 15%, respectively and was followed by: 2) Optimization of the growth conditions of the highest ethanol-producing isolate, which was conducted at various temperatures of 27, 30, 33, 35, 37, and 40°C with the combination of various pH of 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5. The experimental results showed that the R5I3 isolate was the highest ethanol-producing performance isolate, which yielded approximately 4.69±0.25% (v/v). Following the temperature and pH optimization of the fermentation processes, the optimum growth conditions were at 35°C and pH 5.5, where the ethanol produced was increased to 8.63 ± 0.04% (v/v). With these results, this new strain has the potential to be used in bioethanol production processes and other industrial applications.
{"title":"The selection and the Growth Condition Optimization of Ethanol‐Producing Microbes Isolated from Ragi Tapai","authors":"Ida Bagus, Wayan Gunam, Gede Arya Sujana, I. Made, Mahaputra Wijaya, Y. Setiyo, Wayan Arnata, Wayan Wisma, Pradnyana Putra","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol is a biofuel produced from renewable resources, which potentially plays an important role in solving future fuel problems. This study aimed to select the highest ethanol-producing isolate from candidates obtained from previously isolated candidates from ragi and cassava tapai. The selection process was conducted in 2 stages, namely: 1) Selection of the highest ethanol-producing isolate from seven isolate candidates using PYG media containing peptone, yeast extract, and glucose at 0.75%, 0.75%, and 15%, respectively and was followed by: 2) Optimization of the growth conditions of the highest ethanol-producing isolate, which was conducted at various temperatures of 27, 30, 33, 35, 37, and 40°C with the combination of various pH of 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5. The experimental results showed that the R5I3 isolate was the highest ethanol-producing performance isolate, which yielded approximately 4.69±0.25% (v/v). Following the temperature and pH optimization of the fermentation processes, the optimum growth conditions were at 35°C and pH 5.5, where the ethanol produced was increased to 8.63 ± 0.04% (v/v). With these results, this new strain has the potential to be used in bioethanol production processes and other industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42438300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Razali, Ainaa Juraimy, Y. Jusoh, D. Dailin, H. Ya’akob, Noorazwani Zainool, D. Zaidel
Barramundi skin, a by-product of the fish processing industry, has shown potential as an alternative collagen source. However, the commonly used acid extraction method to produce collagen rendered a low yield requires a lengthy time and is not environmentally friendly. As a result, the adoption of greener technology, such as ultrasound, to improve the conventional extraction process is emerging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultrasonication amplitudes on collagen recovery from barramundi skin. The resulting collagens were evaluated for their protein, hydroxyproline and moisture content, colour, molecular weight distribution, and FTIR spectra. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed at 40 (UAE40), 60 (UAE60) and 80 (UAE80) % amplitude for 20 min. For comparison, acetic acid extraction was also carried out to produce acid-soluble collagen (ASC). UAE increased the yield (p<0.05) of collagen from barramundi skin, with UAE80 exhibiting a 7-fold increment compared to ASC. Increasing the ultrasonic amplitude increased the yield considerably but decreased the hydroxyproline content, indicating a reduction in collagen quality. Furthermore, the protein content and SDS-PAGE profile of the extracted collagens revealed that UAE promoted protein degradation. FTIR spectra indicated that despite slightly varying wavenumbers, no detrimental effect on the triple helical structure was seen following UAE with the presence of amides A, B, I, II, and III. Also, the α1, α2 and ß-chains were found in all samples, although the band intensity reduced as the amplitude increased. In conclusion, given the right conditions, UAE could improve the extraction yield without influencing the collagen structure.
{"title":"Effect of Ultrasonic Amplitude on the Yield and Properties of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) Skin Collagen","authors":"U. Razali, Ainaa Juraimy, Y. Jusoh, D. Dailin, H. Ya’akob, Noorazwani Zainool, D. Zaidel","doi":"10.11594/jtls.13.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.13.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Barramundi skin, a by-product of the fish processing industry, has shown potential as an alternative collagen source. However, the commonly used acid extraction method to produce collagen rendered a low yield requires a lengthy time and is not environmentally friendly. As a result, the adoption of greener technology, such as ultrasound, to improve the conventional extraction process is emerging. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultrasonication amplitudes on collagen recovery from barramundi skin. The resulting collagens were evaluated for their protein, hydroxyproline and moisture content, colour, molecular weight distribution, and FTIR spectra. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed at 40 (UAE40), 60 (UAE60) and 80 (UAE80) % amplitude for 20 min. For comparison, acetic acid extraction was also carried out to produce acid-soluble collagen (ASC). UAE increased the yield (p<0.05) of collagen from barramundi skin, with UAE80 exhibiting a 7-fold increment compared to ASC. Increasing the ultrasonic amplitude increased the yield considerably but decreased the hydroxyproline content, indicating a reduction in collagen quality. Furthermore, the protein content and SDS-PAGE profile of the extracted collagens revealed that UAE promoted protein degradation. FTIR spectra indicated that despite slightly varying wavenumbers, no detrimental effect on the triple helical structure was seen following UAE with the presence of amides A, B, I, II, and III. Also, the α1, α2 and ß-chains were found in all samples, although the band intensity reduced as the amplitude increased. In conclusion, given the right conditions, UAE could improve the extraction yield without influencing the collagen structure.","PeriodicalId":17638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Life Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42838667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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