Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114940
Viviana Vásquez, Jahir Orozco
Background and aims
Advances in health, especially in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, have significantly impacted the way of facing emerging infectious diseases. Yet, events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that there is still a long way to go. Therefore, an urgent need exists for portable and easily deployable point-of-care (POC) detection tools. Biosensors at the POC remain in the laboratory in an analytical characterization step and are not yet mature enough to reach the market massively. In this context, it is necessary to progress in validating these devices to demonstrate their relevance in detecting different disease biomarkers. This work reports on the clinical validation of an electrochemical immunosensor for detecting SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
A monocentric retrospective cohort study was conducted with 150 random nasopharyngeal swabs or tracheal aspiration samples tested by RT-PCR. The immunosensor based on magnetic beads and chronoamperometry detected SARS-CoV-2 through the spike-angiotensin-converting protein (ACE2) immunocomplex.
Results
This biosensor demonstrated 96.04 % clinical sensitivity and 87.75 % clinical specificity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the samples, highly correlated with the RT-PCR gold standard.
Conclusions
It demonstrates the potential of electrochemical biosensors to be implemented as highly sensitive and easily deployable detection strategies even in remote locations.
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Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114941
Kaitlin A. Moorhead , Laura A. Adamovicz , Matthew C. Allender
Emerging infectious diseases are a threat that contributes to the decline of global chelonian species. Herpesviruses are among the most impactful pathogens described in chelonians and are frequently associated with a range of presentations across hosts with the potential for severe morbidity and mortality. Trachemys herpesvirus 1 (TrHV1) has been reported in red-eared and yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans and Trachemys scripta scripta, respectively) but is largely understudied. Invasive red-eared sliders may serve as a reservoir for transmission to sympatric native species. This study aimed to develop a sensitive and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of TrHV1 DNA to aid in the characterization of the epidemiology of this virus in aquatic turtles. Two TaqMan-MGB FAM-dye labeled primer-probe sets were designed and evaluated using plasmid dilutions. The higher performing assay was specific for TrHV1 DNA and had a linear dynamic range of 1.0 × 107 to 1.0 × 101 copies per reaction with an R2 of 0.999, slope of −3.386, and efficiency of 97.39%. The limit of detection was 101 copies per reaction, and there was no loss of reaction efficiency in the presence of TrHV1-negative chelonian oral-cloacal DNA. Overall, the Trachemys herpesvirus 1 assay meets established criteria for acceptable qPCR assays and will be a valuable tool in characterizing the epidemiology of Trachemys herpesvirus 1 in chelonians.
新出现的传染病是导致全球螯类动物物种减少的一个威胁。疱疹病毒是螯龙类中影响最大的病原体之一,经常与宿主的一系列症状相关,可能导致严重的发病和死亡。据报道,红耳滑蜥和黄腹滑蜥(分别为Trachemys scripta elegans和Trachemys scripta scripta)中都存在疱疹病毒1(TrHV1),但对其研究大多不足。入侵的红耳滑蜥可能会成为向同域原生物种传播的 "蓄水池"。本研究旨在开发一种检测 TrHV1 DNA 的灵敏而特异的定量实时 PCR(qPCR)检测方法,以帮助确定该病毒在水龟中的流行病学特征。我们设计了两种 TaqMan-MGB FAM 染料标记引物探针组,并使用质粒稀释液进行了评估。性能较高的检测方法对 TrHV1 DNA 具有特异性,每个反应的线性动态范围为 1.0 × 107 到 1.0 × 101 个拷贝,R2 为 0.999,斜率为 -3.386,效率为 97.39%。每次反应的检测限为 101 个拷贝,在 TrHV1 阴性的螯足类口腔-乳糜 DNA 存在的情况下,反应效率没有降低。总之,Trachemys 疱疹病毒 1 检测方法符合可接受的 qPCR 检测方法的既定标准,将成为鉴定螯虾体内 Trachemys 疱疹病毒 1 流行病学特征的重要工具。
{"title":"Development and analytical validation of a novel quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Trachemys herpesvirus 1","authors":"Kaitlin A. Moorhead , Laura A. Adamovicz , Matthew C. Allender","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging infectious diseases are a threat that contributes to the decline of global chelonian species. Herpesviruses are among the most impactful pathogens described in chelonians and are frequently associated with a range of presentations across hosts with the potential for severe morbidity and mortality. <em>Trachemys</em> herpesvirus 1 (TrHV1) has been reported in red-eared and yellow-bellied sliders (<em>Trachemys scripta elegans</em> and <em>Trachemys scripta scripta</em>, respectively) but is largely understudied. Invasive red-eared sliders may serve as a reservoir for transmission to sympatric native species. This study aimed to develop a sensitive and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of TrHV1 DNA to aid in the characterization of the epidemiology of this virus in aquatic turtles. Two TaqMan-MGB FAM-dye labeled primer-probe sets were designed and evaluated using plasmid dilutions. The higher performing assay was specific for TrHV1 DNA and had a linear dynamic range of 1.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>1</sup> copies per reaction with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.999, slope of −3.386, and efficiency of 97.39%. The limit of detection was 10<sup>1</sup> copies per reaction, and there was no loss of reaction efficiency in the presence of TrHV1-negative chelonian oral-cloacal DNA. Overall, the <em>Trachemys</em> herpesvirus 1 assay meets established criteria for acceptable qPCR assays and will be a valuable tool in characterizing the epidemiology of <em>Trachemys</em> herpesvirus 1 in chelonians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016609342400065X/pdfft?md5=864e936309877f0e837a5fde44deb8aa&pid=1-s2.0-S016609342400065X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114938
Alexandre Dosbaa , Romane Guilbaud , Anna-Maria Franco Yusti , Valentine Marie Ferré , Charlotte Charpentier , Diane Descamps , Quentin Le Hingrat , Romain Coppée
Background
Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and reductions in sequencing costs have revolutionised the study of genomics and molecular biology by making whole-genome sequencing (WGS) accessible to many laboratories. However, the analysis of WGS data requires significant computational effort, which is the major drawback in implementing WGS as a routine laboratory technique.
Objective
Automated pipelines have been developed to overcome this issue, but they do not exist for all organisms. This is the case for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults.
Results
We present RSV-GenoScan, a fast and easy-to-use pipeline for WGS analysis of RSV generated by HTS on Illumina or Nanopore platforms. RSV-GenoScan automates the WGS analysis steps directly from the raw sequence data. The pipeline filters the sequence data, maps the reads to the RSV reference genomes, generates a consensus sequence, identifies the RSV subgroup, and lists amino acid mutations, insertions and deletions in the F and G viral genes. This enables the rapid identification of mutations in these coding genes that are known to confer resistance to monoclonal antibodies.
Availability
RSV-GenoScan is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandreD-bio/RSV-GenoScan.
{"title":"RSV-GenoScan: An automated pipeline for whole-genome human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) sequence analysis","authors":"Alexandre Dosbaa , Romane Guilbaud , Anna-Maria Franco Yusti , Valentine Marie Ferré , Charlotte Charpentier , Diane Descamps , Quentin Le Hingrat , Romain Coppée","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and reductions in sequencing costs have revolutionised the study of genomics and molecular biology by making whole-genome sequencing (WGS) accessible to many laboratories. However, the analysis of WGS data requires significant computational effort, which is the major drawback in implementing WGS as a routine laboratory technique.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Automated pipelines have been developed to overcome this issue, but they do not exist for all organisms. This is the case for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We present RSV-GenoScan, a fast and easy-to-use pipeline for WGS analysis of RSV generated by HTS on Illumina or Nanopore platforms. RSV-GenoScan automates the WGS analysis steps directly from the raw sequence data. The pipeline filters the sequence data, maps the reads to the RSV reference genomes, generates a consensus sequence, identifies the RSV subgroup, and lists amino acid mutations, insertions and deletions in the F and G viral genes. This enables the rapid identification of mutations in these coding genes that are known to confer resistance to monoclonal antibodies.</p></div><div><h3>Availability</h3><p>RSV-GenoScan is freely available at <span>https://github.com/AlexandreD-bio/RSV-GenoScan</span><svg><path></path></svg>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093424000624/pdfft?md5=f24cdd06dbedfd40bbdb57ad56f718a0&pid=1-s2.0-S0166093424000624-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114936
Wayne L. Gray
A Tn7-transposition approach was utilized for site-specific insertion of foreign genes into the genome of simian varicella virus (SVV), the causative agent of simian varicella in nonhuman primates. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) gene and receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike gene were inserted into the ORF 14 region of the SVV genome cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome and then transfected into Vero cells to generate the infectious recombinant SVV (rSVV). The rSVV replicated efficiently in infected Vero cells and expressed the N and RBD antigens as indicated by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. Tn7-mediated transposition provides a rapid and efficient method for constructing rSVVs which may be evaluated as live-attenuated vaccines.
{"title":"Insertion of foreign genes into the simian varicella virus genome by Tn7-mediated site-specific transposition","authors":"Wayne L. Gray","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A Tn7-transposition approach was utilized for site-specific insertion of foreign genes into the genome of simian varicella virus (SVV), the causative agent of simian varicella in nonhuman primates. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) gene and receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike gene were inserted into the ORF 14 region of the SVV genome cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome and then transfected into Vero cells to generate the infectious recombinant SVV (rSVV). The rSVV replicated efficiently in infected Vero cells and expressed the N and RBD antigens as indicated by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. Tn7-mediated transposition provides a rapid and efficient method for constructing rSVVs which may be evaluated as live-attenuated vaccines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114932
Hao Wang , Yongfang Mo , Wenbo Liu , Qijie He , Tongwei Ren , Kang Ouyang , Ying Chen , Weijian Huang , Zuzhang Wei
Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly identified picornavirus associated with swine vesicular disease and neonatal mortality. The development of an SVA incorporating an exogenous reporter gene provides a powerful tool for viral research. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant SVA expressing Gaussia Luciferase (Gluc), termed rSVA-Gluc. The growth kinetics of rSVA-Gluc in BHK-21 cells were found to be comparable to those of the parental virus, and Gluc activity paralleled the virus growth curve. Genetic analysis revealed stable inheritance of the inserted reporter protein genes for at least six generations. We evaluated the utility of rSVA-Gluc in antiviral drug screening, and the results highlighted its potential as an effective tool for such purposes against SVA.
Data availability statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
猪病毒 A(SVA)是一种新发现的与猪水泡病和新生儿死亡有关的皮卡病毒。开发含有外源报告基因的 SVA 为病毒研究提供了有力的工具。在本研究中,我们成功构建了一种表达高斯荧光素酶(Gluc)的重组 SVA,称为 rSVA-Gluc。研究发现,rSVA-Gluc在BHK-21细胞中的生长动力学与亲本病毒相当,Gluc活性与病毒生长曲线一致。遗传分析表明,插入的报告蛋白基因至少可稳定遗传六代。我们评估了 rSVA-Gluc 在抗病毒药物筛选中的作用,结果显示它有可能成为抗 SVA 的有效工具。
{"title":"Construction and characterization of recombinant senecavirus A expressing secreted luciferase for antiviral screening","authors":"Hao Wang , Yongfang Mo , Wenbo Liu , Qijie He , Tongwei Ren , Kang Ouyang , Ying Chen , Weijian Huang , Zuzhang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly identified picornavirus associated with swine vesicular disease and neonatal mortality. The development of an SVA incorporating an exogenous reporter gene provides a powerful tool for viral research. In this study, we successfully constructed a recombinant SVA expressing Gaussia Luciferase (Gluc), termed rSVA-Gluc. The growth kinetics of rSVA-Gluc in BHK-21 cells were found to be comparable to those of the parental virus, and Gluc activity paralleled the virus growth curve. Genetic analysis revealed stable inheritance of the inserted reporter protein genes for at least six generations. We evaluated the utility of rSVA-Gluc in antiviral drug screening, and the results highlighted its potential as an effective tool for such purposes against SVA.</p></div><div><h3>Data availability statement</h3><p>The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114933
Yufeng Hao , Na Liu , Jingfeng Li , Stephen Baffour Gyawu , Ogone Emeldah Setshogo , Jinshan Huang , Bifang Hao
Baculovirus has been widely used for foreign protein expression in biomedical studies, and budded virus (BV) surface display has developed into an important research tool for heterogenous membrane protein studies. The basic strategy of surface display is to construct a recombinant virus where the target gene is fused with a complete or partial gp64 gene. In this study, we further investigate and develop this BV surface displaying strategy. We constructed stable insect cell lines to express the target protein flanking with different regions of signal peptide (SP) and GP64 transmembrane domain (TMD). Subsequently, recombinant BmNPV was used to infect the cell, and the integration of heterogeneous protein into BV was detected. The results indicated that deletion of the n-region of SP (SPΔn) decreased the incorporation rate more than that of the full-length SP. However, the incorporation rate of the protein fused with h and c-region deletion of SP (SPΔh-c) was significantly enhanced by 35–40 times compare to full-length SP. Moreover, the foreign protein without SP and TMD failed to display on the BV, while the integration of foreign proteins with GP64 TMD fusion at the c-terminal was significantly enhanced by 12–26 times compared to the control. Thus, these new strategies developed the BV surface display system further.
杆状病毒已被广泛用于生物医学研究中的外源蛋白表达,而芽胞病毒(BV)表面展示已发展成为异源膜蛋白研究的重要工具。表面展示的基本策略是构建目的基因与完整或部分 gp64 基因融合的重组病毒。在本研究中,我们进一步研究和发展了这种 BV 表面展示策略。我们构建了稳定的昆虫细胞系来表达带有信号肽(SP)和 GP64 跨膜结构域(TMD)不同区域的目标蛋白。然后用重组 BmNPV 感染细胞,检测异质蛋白与 BV 的整合。结果表明,删除 SP 的 n 区(SPΔn)比全长 SP 的整合率更低。然而,与全长 SP 相比,缺失 h 和 c 区的融合蛋白(SPΔh-c)的掺入率明显提高了 35-40 倍。此外,不含 SP 和 TMD 的外来蛋白无法在 BV 上显示,而 c 端融合了 GP64 TMD 的外来蛋白的整合率则比对照组明显提高了 12-26 倍。因此,这些新策略进一步发展了 BV 表面显示系统。
{"title":"Intracellular localized heterogeneous protein franking by a transmembrane domain of GP64 is sufficient to be assembled on budded virions of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus","authors":"Yufeng Hao , Na Liu , Jingfeng Li , Stephen Baffour Gyawu , Ogone Emeldah Setshogo , Jinshan Huang , Bifang Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Baculovirus has been widely used for foreign protein expression in biomedical studies, and budded virus (BV) surface display has developed into an important research tool for heterogenous membrane protein studies. The basic strategy of surface display is to construct a recombinant virus where the target gene is fused with a complete or partial <em>gp64</em> gene. In this study, we further investigate and develop this BV surface displaying strategy. We constructed stable insect cell lines to express the target protein flanking with different regions of signal peptide (SP) and GP64 transmembrane domain (TMD). Subsequently, recombinant BmNPV was used to infect the cell, and the integration of heterogeneous protein into BV was detected. The results indicated that deletion of the n-region of SP (SP<sup>Δn</sup>) decreased the incorporation rate more than that of the full-length SP. However, the incorporation rate of the protein fused with h and c-region deletion of SP (SP<sup>Δh-c</sup>) was significantly enhanced by 35–40 times compare to full-length SP. Moreover, the foreign protein without SP and TMD failed to display on the BV, while the integration of foreign proteins with GP64 TMD fusion at the c-terminal was significantly enhanced by 12–26 times compared to the control. Thus, these new strategies developed the BV surface display system further.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114920
Pauline Sottil , Sébastien Lhomme , Karine Saune , Soheil El Hayani , Kévin Oliveira-Mendes , Jean-Marie Peron , Nassim Kamar , Jacques Izopet , Florence Abravanel
Introduction
We evaluated the performance of the automated Altostar HEV RNA platform for detecting HEV RNA.
Methods and results
Clinical performance was determined by testing 81 plasma samples and 10 fecal samples manually quantified previously with the Realstar RT-PCR assay using the Magnapure instrument for extraction. The assays were concordant for 79/81 plasma samples (97.5%) and 10/10 (100%) fecal samples. The two plasma samples that tested negative with the Altostar assay had a very low HEV RNA concentration (1.6 and 1.4 log10 IU/ml). Quantitative results obtained with the automated platform and the manual workflow were highly correlated (ρ= 0.98, p<0.01). The intra-run and inter-run standard deviation were 0.09 IU/ml and 0.13 IU/ml respectively. The assay was linear from 2 to 6 log IU/ml. The limit of detection determined by Probit analysis with the WHO HEV RNA standard was 7.6 [95% CI: 4.4–52.5] IU/ml.
Conclusions
The Altostar platform enables highly accurate testing for the detection of HEV RNA in stool and the quantification of HEV RNA in plasma. This allowed us to shorten turnaround times and to save time for the technical staff.
{"title":"Evaluation of an automated platform for the detection of HEV RNA in plasma and stool","authors":"Pauline Sottil , Sébastien Lhomme , Karine Saune , Soheil El Hayani , Kévin Oliveira-Mendes , Jean-Marie Peron , Nassim Kamar , Jacques Izopet , Florence Abravanel","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>We evaluated the performance of the automated Altostar HEV RNA platform for detecting HEV RNA.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>Clinical performance was determined by testing 81 plasma samples and 10 fecal samples manually quantified previously with the Realstar RT-PCR assay using the Magnapure instrument for extraction. The assays were concordant for 79/81 plasma samples (97.5%) and 10/10 (100%) fecal samples. The two plasma samples that tested negative with the Altostar assay had a very low HEV RNA concentration (1.6 and 1.4 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml). Quantitative results obtained with the automated platform and the manual workflow were highly correlated (ρ= 0.98, p<0.01). The intra-run and inter-run standard deviation were 0.09 IU/ml and 0.13 IU/ml respectively. The assay was linear from 2 to 6 log IU/ml. The limit of detection determined by Probit analysis with the WHO HEV RNA standard was 7.6 [95% CI: 4.4–52.5] IU/ml.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The Altostar platform enables highly accurate testing for the detection of HEV RNA in stool and the quantification of HEV RNA in plasma. This allowed us to shorten turnaround times and to save time for the technical staff.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114924
M. Nivedha , S. Harish , K. Angappan , G. Karthikeyan , K.K. Kumar , M. Murugan , J. Infant Richard
Tomato, an extensively cultivated vegetable crop produces miRNAs in response to infection with Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus, a viral pathogen causing significant economic losses. High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed on tomato leaves inoculated with GBNV and mock-inoculated leaves as controls. Analysis revealed 73 known miRNAs belonging to 24 miRNA families, with variable expression levels. Interestingly, 39 miRNAs were upregulated, and 34 were downregulated in response to GBNV infection. Stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription PCR validated the differential expression of selected miRNAs. Additionally, 30 miRNA encoded proteins were identified to be involved in disease resistance and susceptibility. The miRNA-target interactions were found to play significant roles in cellular and metabolic activities, as well as modulating signaling pathways during the plant-virus interaction. The findings shed light on the intricate regulatory network of miRNAs in tomato response to viral infection and may contribute to developing strategies for improving crop protection against viral diseases.
{"title":"Profiling of Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus–responsive microRNA and their targets in tomato based on deep sequencing","authors":"M. Nivedha , S. Harish , K. Angappan , G. Karthikeyan , K.K. Kumar , M. Murugan , J. Infant Richard","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomato, an extensively cultivated vegetable crop produces miRNAs in response to infection with <em>Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus</em>, a viral pathogen causing significant economic losses. High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed on tomato leaves inoculated with GBNV and mock-inoculated leaves as controls. Analysis revealed 73 known miRNAs belonging to 24 miRNA families, with variable expression levels. Interestingly, 39 miRNAs were upregulated, and 34 were downregulated in response to GBNV infection. Stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription PCR validated the differential expression of selected miRNAs. Additionally, 30 miRNA encoded proteins were identified to be involved in disease resistance and susceptibility. The miRNA-target interactions were found to play significant roles in cellular and metabolic activities, as well as modulating signaling pathways during the plant-virus interaction. The findings shed light on the intricate regulatory network of miRNAs in tomato response to viral infection and may contribute to developing strategies for improving crop protection against viral diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114923
Leanne McNabb , Peter A. Durr , Ross Lunt , Jennifer Barr , Timothy E. Adams , Lesley Pearce , Leo L.M. Poon , Ranawaka AP M. Perera , Getnet Fekadu Demissie , Timothy R. Bowden
This study describes the development and preliminary validation of a new serological assay using MERS-CoV S1 protein in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. This assay has the advantage of being able to test MERS-CoV serum samples in a PC2 laboratory without the need for a high-level biocontainment laboratory (PC3 or PC4), which requires highly trained and skilled staff and a high level of resources and equipment. Furthermore, this MERS-CoV S1 ELISA enables a larger number of samples to be tested quickly, with results obtained in approximately five hours. The MERS-CoV S1 ELISA demonstrated high analytical specificity, with no cross-reactivity observed in serum of animals infected with other viruses, including different coronaviruses. We tested 166 positive and 40 negative camel serum samples and have estimated the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) to be 99.4% (95% CI: 96.7 – 100.0%) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) to be 100% (95% CI: 97.2%-100.0%) relative to the assigned serology results (ppNT and VNT) using a S/P ratio cut-off value of >0.58. The findings of this study showed that our MERS-CoV S1 ELISA was more sensitive than the commercial EUROIMMUN ELISA (Se 99.4% vs 84.9%) and comparable to the ppNT assay, and therefore could be used as a diagnostic aid in countries in the Middle East where MERS-CoV is endemic in dromedary camels. The assay reagents and protocol were easily adapted and transferred from an Australian laboratory to a laboratory in the University of Hong Kong. Thus, the results described here show that the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA represents a cheap, rapid, robust, and reliable assay to support surveillance of MERS-CoV in camels in endemic regions.
{"title":"Development and preliminary validation of a MERS-CoV ELISA for serological testing of camels and alpacas","authors":"Leanne McNabb , Peter A. Durr , Ross Lunt , Jennifer Barr , Timothy E. Adams , Lesley Pearce , Leo L.M. Poon , Ranawaka AP M. Perera , Getnet Fekadu Demissie , Timothy R. Bowden","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study describes the development and preliminary validation of a new serological assay using MERS-CoV S1 protein in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format. This assay has the advantage of being able to test MERS-CoV serum samples in a PC2 laboratory without the need for a high-level biocontainment laboratory (PC3 or PC4), which requires highly trained and skilled staff and a high level of resources and equipment. Furthermore, this MERS-CoV S1 ELISA enables a larger number of samples to be tested quickly, with results obtained in approximately five hours. The MERS-CoV S1 ELISA demonstrated high analytical specificity, with no cross-reactivity observed in serum of animals infected with other viruses, including different coronaviruses. We tested 166 positive and 40 negative camel serum samples and have estimated the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) to be 99.4% (95% CI: 96.7 – 100.0%) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) to be 100% (95% CI: 97.2%-100.0%) relative to the assigned serology results (ppNT and VNT) using a S/P ratio cut-off value of >0.58. The findings of this study showed that our MERS-CoV S1 ELISA was more sensitive than the commercial EUROIMMUN ELISA (Se 99.4% vs 84.9%) and comparable to the ppNT assay, and therefore could be used as a diagnostic aid in countries in the Middle East where MERS-CoV is endemic in dromedary camels. The assay reagents and protocol were easily adapted and transferred from an Australian laboratory to a laboratory in the University of Hong Kong. Thus, the results described here show that the MERS-CoV S1 ELISA represents a cheap, rapid, robust, and reliable assay to support surveillance of MERS-CoV in camels in endemic regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166093424000478/pdfft?md5=02dfb2a5553c490c60448375a5628a68&pid=1-s2.0-S0166093424000478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140336091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114922
Rahul Rajendran , Rahul Krishnan , Myung-Joo Oh
A 2D primary gill cell culture system of the sevenband grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus) was established to validate the pathogenesis of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) as observed in previous studies. This system, developed using the double-seeded insert (DSI) technique, yielded confluent cell layers. Upon challenge with NNV in a setup containing both autoclaved salt water and L15 media in the apical compartment, viral replication akin to that anticipated based on previous studies was observed. Consequently, we advocate for the utilization of primary gill cell culture as a viable alternative to conventional methodologies for investigating host pathogen interactions.
{"title":"Establishment and validation of a 2D primary gill cell culture of the sevenband grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus)","authors":"Rahul Rajendran , Rahul Krishnan , Myung-Joo Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 2D primary gill cell culture system of the sevenband grouper (<em>Hyporthodus septemfasciatus</em>) was established to validate the pathogenesis of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) as observed in previous studies. This system, developed using the double-seeded insert (DSI) technique, yielded confluent cell layers. Upon challenge with NNV in a setup containing both autoclaved salt water and L15 media in the apical compartment, viral replication akin to that anticipated based on previous studies was observed. Consequently, we advocate for the utilization of primary gill cell culture as a viable alternative to conventional methodologies for investigating host pathogen interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17663,"journal":{"name":"Journal of virological methods","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}