Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.17
Khawaja Adeel Tariq, Muhammad Moeen Soharwardy, Nadeem Ahmed Tabessum
This study deals with the evaluation of soil engineering characteristic along the proposed route of Jalalpur irrigation project. The proposed JIP (Jalalpur Irrigation Project) is located along the right bank of Jhelum River in Tehsil PDK (Pind Dadan Khan) and Tehsil Khushab of District Khushab. JIP is funded by ADB (Asian Development Bank). The JIP will enhance crop production in Tehsil PDKand Khushab. Farmers will be benefited through JIP as they will get regular supply of water through canal. It will also create job opportunities for local people and will lead to the prosperity of the Project area. Detailed soil investigation along proposed route was carried out by M/S GEO BAND. Straight rotary method of drilling was used. The recovered soil samples and water samples were tested in laboratories. The detailed engineering analysis was performed and soil parameters along with bearing capacities are suggested. Results have indicated variations in SPT values along the proposed route. The top layer of soil along proposed route is mostly Silty Clay with variation along the depth. The proposed bearing capacity for shallow foundation is 1.25 ton/ft2 (120 kN/m2) at depth of 5ft (1.5 m) beneath footing, and for bored piles having diameter of 2.5 ft (0.76 m) at a depth of 50 ft (15 m) is recommended as 70 ton (685 kN). The results presented in this study will be helpful in deciding the detailed foundation design of the engineering structures along the proposed route of JIP.
{"title":"Evaluation of Soil Engineering Characteristics in Jalalpur Region, Pakistan","authors":"Khawaja Adeel Tariq, Muhammad Moeen Soharwardy, Nadeem Ahmed Tabessum","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.17","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the evaluation of soil engineering characteristic along the proposed route of Jalalpur irrigation project. The proposed JIP (Jalalpur Irrigation Project) is located along the right bank of Jhelum River in Tehsil PDK (Pind Dadan Khan) and Tehsil Khushab of District Khushab. JIP is funded by ADB (Asian Development Bank). The JIP will enhance crop production in Tehsil PDKand Khushab. Farmers will be benefited through JIP as they will get regular supply of water through canal. It will also create job opportunities for local people and will lead to the prosperity of the Project area. Detailed soil investigation along proposed route was carried out by M/S GEO BAND. Straight rotary method of drilling was used. The recovered soil samples and water samples were tested in laboratories. The detailed engineering analysis was performed and soil parameters along with bearing capacities are suggested. Results have indicated variations in SPT values along the proposed route. The top layer of soil along proposed route is mostly Silty Clay with variation along the depth. The proposed bearing capacity for shallow foundation is 1.25 ton/ft2 (120 kN/m2) at depth of 5ft (1.5 m) beneath footing, and for bored piles having diameter of 2.5 ft (0.76 m) at a depth of 50 ft (15 m) is recommended as 70 ton (685 kN). The results presented in this study will be helpful in deciding the detailed foundation design of the engineering structures along the proposed route of JIP.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85468257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.05
Anum Abid, T. Malik, M. M. Ashraf
ED (Economic Dispatch) problem is one of the vital step in operational planning. It is a nonconvex constrained optimization problem. However, it is solved as convex problem by approximation of machine input/output characteristics, thus resulting in an inaccurate result. Reliable, secure and cheapest supply of electrical energy to the consumers is the prime objective in power system operational planning. Increase in fuel cost, reduction in fossil-fuel assets and ecological concerns have forced to integrate renewable energy resources in the generation mix. However, the instability of wind and solar power output affects the power network. For solution of such solar and wind integrated economic dispatch problems, evolutionary approaches are considered potential solution methodologies. These approaches are considered as potential solution methodologies for nonconvex ED problem. This paper presents CEED (Combined Emission Economic Dispatch) of a power system comprising of multiple solar, wind and thermal units using continuous and binary FPA (Flower Pollination Algorithm). Proposed algorithm is applied on 5, 6, 15, 26 and 40 thermal generators by integrating several solar and wind plants, for both convex and non-convex ED problems. Proposed algorithm is simulated in MATLAB 2014b. Results of simulations, when compared with other approaches, show promise of the approach.
{"title":"Combined Emission Economic Dispatch of Power System in Presence of Solar and Wind Using Flower Pollination Algorithm","authors":"Anum Abid, T. Malik, M. M. Ashraf","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.05","url":null,"abstract":"ED (Economic Dispatch) problem is one of the vital step in operational planning. It is a nonconvex constrained optimization problem. However, it is solved as convex problem by approximation of machine input/output characteristics, thus resulting in an inaccurate result. Reliable, secure and cheapest supply of electrical energy to the consumers is the prime objective in power system operational planning. Increase in fuel cost, reduction in fossil-fuel assets and ecological concerns have forced to integrate renewable energy resources in the generation mix. However, the instability of wind and solar power output affects the power network. For solution of such solar and wind integrated economic dispatch problems, evolutionary approaches are considered potential solution methodologies. These approaches are considered as potential solution methodologies for nonconvex ED problem. This paper presents CEED (Combined Emission Economic Dispatch) of a power system comprising of multiple solar, wind and thermal units using continuous and binary FPA (Flower Pollination Algorithm). Proposed algorithm is applied on 5, 6, 15, 26 and 40 thermal generators by integrating several solar and wind plants, for both convex and non-convex ED problems. Proposed algorithm is simulated in MATLAB 2014b. Results of simulations, when compared with other approaches, show promise of the approach.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85833039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.08
Farooq Azam, S. Bashir, M. Sohaib
5G (Fifth Generation) is the next generation of data network, offering faster speeds and reliable connections on smart phones and other devices than ever before. These networks are still under development and expected to operate on 28 and 38 GHz bands. However, multiple antennas required for these 5G devices will increase the overall system size. Single antenna which can switch to operate on multiple bands is the solution to this problem. A novel frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5G communication networks is presented in this paper. The antenna was designed on a Roger R5880 substrate having dielectric constant 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009. The proposed antenna consists of simple radiator on top layer and two slots in the ground layer. The frequency re-configurability is achieved by placing three PIN diodes in each slot of the ground. The operating frequency band of antenna is controlled by switching states of PIN diodes. The proposed antenna covers a wide band from 25.6-39.3 GHz by simply switching the diodes ON/OFF. Thus it can cover 28 and 38 GHz bands that are anticipated to be the two working bands for 5G communication. The overall size of the antenna is 10x7 mm2. In addition to being small this antenna has a good gain ranging from 6.5-8.4 dB as well as 85% efficiency in the two 5G bands. All simulations have been done in CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Studio Suite. This reconfigurable antenna can find applications in future 5G communication networks.
{"title":"Millimeter Waves Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Networks","authors":"Farooq Azam, S. Bashir, M. Sohaib","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.08","url":null,"abstract":"5G (Fifth Generation) is the next generation of data network, offering faster speeds and reliable connections on smart phones and other devices than ever before. These networks are still under development and expected to operate on 28 and 38 GHz bands. However, multiple antennas required for these 5G devices will increase the overall system size. Single antenna which can switch to operate on multiple bands is the solution to this problem. A novel frequency reconfigurable antenna for 5G communication networks is presented in this paper. The antenna was designed on a Roger R5880 substrate having dielectric constant 2.2 and loss tangent 0.0009. The proposed antenna consists of simple radiator on top layer and two slots in the ground layer. The frequency re-configurability is achieved by placing three PIN diodes in each slot of the ground. The operating frequency band of antenna is controlled by switching states of PIN diodes. The proposed antenna covers a wide band from 25.6-39.3 GHz by simply switching the diodes ON/OFF. Thus it can cover 28 and 38 GHz bands that are anticipated to be the two working bands for 5G communication. The overall size of the antenna is 10x7 mm2. In addition to being small this antenna has a good gain ranging from 6.5-8.4 dB as well as 85% efficiency in the two 5G bands. All simulations have been done in CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Studio Suite. This reconfigurable antenna can find applications in future 5G communication networks.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79824557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.20
Muhammad N. Khalid, Kamran Raza
This paper presents novel reduced size diagonal slot embedded Triangular Gasket fractal patch antenna for multiband wireless applications. The diagonal slot geometry is embedded in triangular patch antenna for initial size reduction of the basic cell and further miniaturization is achieved by fractalization of the cell upto third order. Three frequency resonances of 2.4, 6.5 and 9.23 GHz are optimized for WiFi, WiMAX and WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) applications in the S, C and X frequency bands. Size reduction upto 55.32 and 80.74% is achieved in terms of whole antenna area and copper cladding remaining respectively in comparison to triangular patch antenna. Antenna 3D (Three-Dimensional) modeling, simulation and optimization for the desired BW (Bandwidth) and gain requirements are done in HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology). Effects of embedding diagonal slot in the basic triangular cell is analyzed in terms of the diagonal slot length and width with corresponding frequency response variations. Microstrip feed line dimensions and ground plane separation from the radiating top layer is optimized for achieving acceptable BWs less than -10 dB for the desired multiple resonances. E-field, H-field, current density and surface current plots are presented to verify the radiations for multiband wireless applications. Proposed slot embedded fractal radiator is fabricated and measured frequency responses and gain patterns are demonstrated in comparison with simulated results for verification of the concept.
{"title":"Analysis and Development of Triangular Gasket Diagonal Slot Embedded Fractal Patch Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applications","authors":"Muhammad N. Khalid, Kamran Raza","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.20","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents novel reduced size diagonal slot embedded Triangular Gasket fractal patch antenna for multiband wireless applications. The diagonal slot geometry is embedded in triangular patch antenna for initial size reduction of the basic cell and further miniaturization is achieved by fractalization of the cell upto third order. Three frequency resonances of 2.4, 6.5 and 9.23 GHz are optimized for WiFi, WiMAX and WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) applications in the S, C and X frequency bands. Size reduction upto 55.32 and 80.74% is achieved in terms of whole antenna area and copper cladding remaining respectively in comparison to triangular patch antenna. Antenna 3D (Three-Dimensional) modeling, simulation and optimization for the desired BW (Bandwidth) and gain requirements are done in HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology). Effects of embedding diagonal slot in the basic triangular cell is analyzed in terms of the diagonal slot length and width with corresponding frequency response variations. Microstrip feed line dimensions and ground plane separation from the radiating top layer is optimized for achieving acceptable BWs less than -10 dB for the desired multiple resonances. E-field, H-field, current density and surface current plots are presented to verify the radiations for multiband wireless applications. Proposed slot embedded fractal radiator is fabricated and measured frequency responses and gain patterns are demonstrated in comparison with simulated results for verification of the concept.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86248437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.14
M. Imran, S. Badshah, R. Khan
Composites are one of the rapidly consuming materials due to their utmost attractive applications ranging from the aerospace to the agricultural products. The composite structures usually experience vibration during service. Experiments showed that presence of delamination in composite structures is one of the major causes of failures in laminated structures. Presence of delamination in a structure not only significantly impacts the stiffness of the structure with declining trends but also affect their vibration properties. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature studies on the effect of vibration on composite delaminated structures subjected to different boundary conditions. The literature studies have been classified on the basis of methodology adapted to analyze the problem i.e experimental work, analytical approaches and finite element methods. In this review particular attention has been given to the study of results attained from the analytical analysis, finite element and experimental works. Comparison of the results conducted by other researchers in the field of the free and forced vibration behavior of the composite laminates subjected to delamination or cracked structures has also been studied. Studies have shown that the location and size of delamination in composite structures significantly impacted the natural frequencies and mode shapes.
{"title":"Vibration Analysis of Cracked Composite Laminated Plate: A Review","authors":"M. Imran, S. Badshah, R. Khan","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.14","url":null,"abstract":"Composites are one of the rapidly consuming materials due to their utmost attractive applications ranging from the aerospace to the agricultural products. The composite structures usually experience vibration during service. Experiments showed that presence of delamination in composite structures is one of the major causes of failures in laminated structures. Presence of delamination in a structure not only significantly impacts the stiffness of the structure with declining trends but also affect their vibration properties. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature studies on the effect of vibration on composite delaminated structures subjected to different boundary conditions. The literature studies have been classified on the basis of methodology adapted to analyze the problem i.e experimental work, analytical approaches and finite element methods. In this review particular attention has been given to the study of results attained from the analytical analysis, finite element and experimental works. Comparison of the results conducted by other researchers in the field of the free and forced vibration behavior of the composite laminates subjected to delamination or cracked structures has also been studied. Studies have shown that the location and size of delamination in composite structures significantly impacted the natural frequencies and mode shapes.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80849855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.25
Abdul Salam Khan
Sustainable production systems require optimal utilization of resources. Raw material acquisition is one of the costly processes in a production system. EOL (End-of-Life) products re-manufacturing through reverse logistics can help in decreasing excessive raw material cost. In this study, we consider production system of closed loop supply chain in which both forward and reverse production systems are active. DOE (Design of Experiments) methodology is incorporated which is a statistical approach adopted in dealing with complex workplace problems. We employ L9 orthogonal array using Taguchi experiment in Minitab 17 and DOE for plotting the results. Dependent variables used in this study are productivity, P (number of forward and reverse products produced per period) and quality accuracy of product (measured in percent deviation from reference standards). A trade-off analysis between the control variables is presented on the basis of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). Control variables used in the analysis are tools employed in production system (tu), number of machines being used (m) and dedicated manufacturing cells (dc). We use three levels of analysis for each control factor. Optimum result conditions are calculated using signal to noise ratio with larger-the-better-criteria as well as smaller-the-better criteria and study is concluded with main effects of the mean plots. DOE optimization analysis for productivity suggests combination set of 32, 8, and 6 for tools, machines in use and manufacturing cells, respectively. Similarly, for optimal dimensional accuracy, tools used are 24; number of machines in use is 14 with 3 manufacturing cells. All result indices are accomplished within a confidence interval of 95% with p-values less than 0.05. MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) analysis considers cost function of production and transportation between tools, machines and levels and Taguchi based experimental findings are validated by mathematical optimization findings.
{"title":"Analysis of Closed Loop Production System Using Orthogonal Array and Integer Programming Optimization","authors":"Abdul Salam Khan","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.25","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable production systems require optimal utilization of resources. Raw material acquisition is one of the costly processes in a production system. EOL (End-of-Life) products re-manufacturing through reverse logistics can help in decreasing excessive raw material cost. In this study, we consider production system of closed loop supply chain in which both forward and reverse production systems are active. DOE (Design of Experiments) methodology is incorporated which is a statistical approach adopted in dealing with complex workplace problems. We employ L9 orthogonal array using Taguchi experiment in Minitab 17 and DOE for plotting the results. Dependent variables used in this study are productivity, P (number of forward and reverse products produced per period) and quality accuracy of product (measured in percent deviation from reference standards). A trade-off analysis between the control variables is presented on the basis of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio). Control variables used in the analysis are tools employed in production system (tu), number of machines being used (m) and dedicated manufacturing cells (dc). We use three levels of analysis for each control factor. Optimum result conditions are calculated using signal to noise ratio with larger-the-better-criteria as well as smaller-the-better criteria and study is concluded with main effects of the mean plots. DOE optimization analysis for productivity suggests combination set of 32, 8, and 6 for tools, machines in use and manufacturing cells, respectively. Similarly, for optimal dimensional accuracy, tools used are 24; number of machines in use is 14 with 3 manufacturing cells. All result indices are accomplished within a confidence interval of 95% with p-values less than 0.05. MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) analysis considers cost function of production and transportation between tools, machines and levels and Taguchi based experimental findings are validated by mathematical optimization findings.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75171391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.09
Muhammad Farhan Khan, S. Monir, I. Naseem
Zero-watermarking of digital images is a powerful method with respect to transparency in the watermarked image. However, robustness is still a challenging characteristic for researchers. The proposed method of zero-watermarking provides a novel solution for increasing robustness by obtaining resident features of gray scale image that are robust against common signal processing operations. The proposed solution is based on image scanning to produce NDD (Neighboring Distance Difference) profile. This scheme is used to extract image features for generating redundancy binary profile with the help of image scanning and identification of robust image areas for embedding a binary watermark. Redundant areas from binary profile show perceptually insignificant regions of gray scale image according to human visual system. Resident features from robust areas of image are collected to generate the zero watermarking binary key image using reversible XOR operation. The binary key is used for extraction of binary watermark. Experimental results of the proposed method have been compared with the results of various zero-watermarking schemes as well as traditional watermarking methods and found much better at slightly higher computational cost. The comparison analysis for testing robustness has been carried out against image processing attacks like Gaussian filtering, block average filtering, motion blur filtering, image resizing, image rotation, image compression and cropping. For each attack maximum correlated watermark from the set of recovered watermarks is selected to evaluate the performance of proposed zero-watermarking scheme. It has been recorded that perfect matching is observed between original and extracted watermarks for a number of signal processing attacks.
{"title":"A Novel Zero-Watermarking Based Scheme for Copyright Protection of Gray scale Images","authors":"Muhammad Farhan Khan, S. Monir, I. Naseem","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.09","url":null,"abstract":"Zero-watermarking of digital images is a powerful method with respect to transparency in the watermarked image. However, robustness is still a challenging characteristic for researchers. The proposed method of zero-watermarking provides a novel solution for increasing robustness by obtaining resident features of gray scale image that are robust against common signal processing operations. The proposed solution is based on image scanning to produce NDD (Neighboring Distance Difference) profile. This scheme is used to extract image features for generating redundancy binary profile with the help of image scanning and identification of robust image areas for embedding a binary watermark. Redundant areas from binary profile show perceptually insignificant regions of gray scale image according to human visual system. Resident features from robust areas of image are collected to generate the zero watermarking binary key image using reversible XOR operation. The binary key is used for extraction of binary watermark. Experimental results of the proposed method have been compared with the results of various zero-watermarking schemes as well as traditional watermarking methods and found much better at slightly higher computational cost. The comparison analysis for testing robustness has been carried out against image processing attacks like Gaussian filtering, block average filtering, motion blur filtering, image resizing, image rotation, image compression and cropping. For each attack maximum correlated watermark from the set of recovered watermarks is selected to evaluate the performance of proposed zero-watermarking scheme. It has been recorded that perfect matching is observed between original and extracted watermarks for a number of signal processing attacks.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73867180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.13
Nida Saddaf Khan, Muhammad Sayeed Ghani
The increasing use of social media offers researchers with an opportunity to apply the sentiment analysis techniques over the data collected from social media websites. These techniques promise to provide an insight into the users’ perspectives on many areas. In this research, a sentiment analysis model is proposed based on HMC (Hidden Markov Chains) and K-Means algorithm to predict the collective synchronous state of sentiments for users on social media. HMC are used to find the converged state while K-Means is used to find the representative group of users. For this purpose, we have used data from a well-known social media site, Twitter, which consists of the tweets about a famous political party in Pakistan. The time series sequences of sentiments, of each user are passed on to the system to perform temporal analysis. The clustering with three and four number of clusters are found to be significant giving the representative groups. With three clusters, the representative group constitute of 82% of users and with four clusters, two representative groups are found having 45 and 36% of users. Analyzing these groups helps in finding the most popular behavior of users towards the concerned political party. Moreover, the groups perhaps tend to influence the opinion of other users in the network causing changes in their sentiments towards this party. The experimental results show that the proposed model has the power to distinguish behavior patterns of different individuals in a network.
{"title":"Predicting Collective Synchronous State of Sentiments for Users in Social Media","authors":"Nida Saddaf Khan, Muhammad Sayeed Ghani","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.13","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of social media offers researchers with an opportunity to apply the sentiment analysis techniques over the data collected from social media websites. These techniques promise to provide an insight into the users’ perspectives on many areas. In this research, a sentiment analysis model is proposed based on HMC (Hidden Markov Chains) and K-Means algorithm to predict the collective synchronous state of sentiments for users on social media. HMC are used to find the converged state while K-Means is used to find the representative group of users. For this purpose, we have used data from a well-known social media site, Twitter, which consists of the tweets about a famous political party in Pakistan. The time series sequences of sentiments, of each user are passed on to the system to perform temporal analysis. The clustering with three and four number of clusters are found to be significant giving the representative groups. With three clusters, the representative group constitute of 82% of users and with four clusters, two representative groups are found having 45 and 36% of users. Analyzing these groups helps in finding the most popular behavior of users towards the concerned political party. Moreover, the groups perhaps tend to influence the opinion of other users in the network causing changes in their sentiments towards this party. The experimental results show that the proposed model has the power to distinguish behavior patterns of different individuals in a network.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.18
Abdul Rauf Rauf Jamali, Waseem Khan, A. Chandio, Zubai Anwer, M. H. Jokhio
From last epoch till to date, AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been widely used in different engineering applications. These applications include bolt, screws, gears, drive shafts, crane shaft and piston rods for engines due to its upright mechanical properties, cost-effective and easily available in market. In present work, deep cryogenic treatment effect on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been studied. Present work was carried out at laboratory scale and can be extended for mass production. Our work is simple, straight forward safe and economical. In our work, samples were heat treated in simple muffle furnace and followed by cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen. Before cryogenic treatment, all samples were normalized at 860°C to obtain homogenized micro structure. Samples were also compared conventionally heat treatment with quenched in oil quenchant. Experimental results showed that after cryogenic treatment with tempering treatment, one could easily increase the tensile strength, impact toughness and hardness. Advanced optical microscopy (IMM 901) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FIT Quanta 200 methods have also been deployed to reveal and interpret the internal structure of samples. It was found from micro structure that cryogenic treated sample increases the impact strength, hardness and tensile strength as compared conventional heat treated quenching approaches.
从上一个时代到今天，AISI 4340和AISI 4140已广泛应用于不同的工程应用。这些应用包括螺栓，螺钉，齿轮，传动轴，起重机轴和发动机活塞杆，由于其直立机械性能，成本效益高，易于在市场上获得。本文研究了深冷处理对AISI 4340和AISI 4140力学性能的影响。目前的工作是在实验室规模上进行的，可以扩展到大规模生产。我们的工作简单、直接、安全、经济。在我们的工作中，样品在简单的马弗炉中热处理，然后在液氮中低温处理。在深冷处理前，所有样品在860℃下正火，得到均匀的微观组织。并对样品进行了常规热处理和油淬的比较。实验结果表明，经低温回火处理后，可以很容易地提高拉伸强度、冲击韧性和硬度。先进的光学显微镜(IMM 901)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)， FIT Quanta 200方法也被用来揭示和解释样品的内部结构。显微组织分析发现，与常规热处理淬火方法相比，低温淬火试样的冲击强度、硬度和抗拉强度均有所提高。
{"title":"Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 Steel","authors":"Abdul Rauf Rauf Jamali, Waseem Khan, A. Chandio, Zubai Anwer, M. H. Jokhio","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.18","url":null,"abstract":"From last epoch till to date, AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been widely used in different engineering applications. These applications include bolt, screws, gears, drive shafts, crane shaft and piston rods for engines due to its upright mechanical properties, cost-effective and easily available in market. In present work, deep cryogenic treatment effect on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been studied. Present work was carried out at laboratory scale and can be extended for mass production. Our work is simple, straight forward safe and economical. In our work, samples were heat treated in simple muffle furnace and followed by cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen. Before cryogenic treatment, all samples were normalized at 860°C to obtain homogenized micro structure. Samples were also compared conventionally heat treatment with quenched in oil quenchant. Experimental results showed that after cryogenic treatment with tempering treatment, one could easily increase the tensile strength, impact toughness and hardness. Advanced optical microscopy (IMM 901) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FIT Quanta 200 methods have also been deployed to reveal and interpret the internal structure of samples. It was found from micro structure that cryogenic treated sample increases the impact strength, hardness and tensile strength as compared conventional heat treated quenching approaches.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86077878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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