Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease mediated by an immune response to central nervous system antigens. Conventional immunomodulatory therapies are limited to relieve many of the symptoms, such as weakness, pain and depression, but probably cause side effects. Acupuncture, the most popular approach of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) could improve the quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and pain, and alleviate the side-events of immunosuppresants. The essay summarized the publications and experiences from the leading acupuncture masters in China and clinical trials on acupuncture treatment for MS patients. The review concluded that in Chinese Medicine (CM), the Kidney-DU-Brain Axis (KIDUBA) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Fundamental acupoints including GB39, SP6, DU4, BL23, SI3, Sishencong are recommended according to the principle of supplementing kidney and marrow and opening blockages in Du channel and the brain. Besides, acupuncture treatment for the side effects of immunomodulatory medications are covered in the protocol.
{"title":"Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: Kidney-Du-Brain Axis (KIDUBA) Acupuncture Protocol","authors":"Han Lai, Yi Liu, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.46949/acm.2020.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46949/acm.2020.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease mediated by an immune response to central nervous system antigens. Conventional immunomodulatory therapies are limited to relieve many of the symptoms, such as weakness, pain and depression, but probably cause side effects. Acupuncture, the most popular approach of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) could improve the quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and pain, and alleviate the side-events of immunosuppresants. The essay summarized the publications and experiences from the leading acupuncture masters in China and clinical trials on acupuncture treatment for MS patients. The review concluded that in Chinese Medicine (CM), the Kidney-DU-Brain Axis (KIDUBA) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MS. Fundamental acupoints including GB39, SP6, DU4, BL23, SI3, Sishencong are recommended according to the principle of supplementing kidney and marrow and opening blockages in Du channel and the brain. Besides, acupuncture treatment for the side effects of immunomodulatory medications are covered in the protocol.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86252390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peroxide bleaching of softwood and hardwood (eucalypt) kraft pulps was performed in solutions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The conventional P stage (hydrogen peroxide + sodium hydroxide; H2O2 + NaOH) was the most effective brightening system without an additional activator. However, peroxide activation by bicarbonate anion (HCO3–) was obvious in all cases where NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 was used. When N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) was added to the bleaching system, Na2CO3 as the alkali source afforded equal or slightly higher bleached brightness compared to NaOH usage for both the softwood and hardwood pulps. This outcome is attributed to simultaneous peroxide activation by HCO3 and TAED. When applied to the eucalypt pulp, the H2O2/Na2CO3/TAED bleaching system also decreased the brightness loss due to thermal reversion.
{"title":"Kraft pulp bleaching with a P-stage catalyzed by both bicarbonate and TAED","authors":"N. Das, S. Bose, R. C. Francis","doi":"10.32964/tj18.7.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj18.7.409","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxide bleaching of softwood and hardwood (eucalypt) kraft pulps was performed in solutions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The conventional P stage (hydrogen peroxide + sodium hydroxide; H2O2 + NaOH) was the most effective brightening system without an additional activator. However, peroxide activation by bicarbonate anion (HCO3–) was obvious in all cases where NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 was used. When N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) was added to the bleaching system, Na2CO3 as the alkali source afforded equal or slightly higher bleached brightness compared to NaOH usage for both the softwood and hardwood pulps. This outcome is attributed to simultaneous peroxide activation by HCO3 and TAED. When applied to the eucalypt pulp, the H2O2/Na2CO3/TAED bleaching system also decreased the brightness loss due to thermal reversion.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87161848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preeti Tyagi, Michael Joyce, S. Agate, M. Hubbe, Lokendra Pal
The rheological and dewatering behavior of an aqueous pigmented coating system not only affects the machine runnability but also affects the product quality. The current study describes the use of natural hydrocolloids derived from citrus peel fibers as a rheology modifier in paper coating applications. The results were compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a typical paper coating system. Water retention of the coating formulation was increased by 56% with citrus peel fibers compared to a default coating, and it also was higher than a CMCcontaining coating. The Brookfield viscosity of paper coatings was found to increase with citrus peel fibers. Compared to CMC, different citrus peel fibers containing coating recipes were able to achieve similar or higher water retention values, with no change or a slight increase in viscosity. Coatings were applied on linerboard using the Mayer rod-coating method, and all basic properties of paper were measured to assess the impact of citrus peel fiber on the functional value of the coatings. Paper properties were improved with coated paper containing citrus peel fibers, including brightness, porosity, smoothness, surface bonding strength, and ink absorption.
{"title":"Citrus-based hydrocolloids: A water retention aid and rheology modifier for paper coatings","authors":"Preeti Tyagi, Michael Joyce, S. Agate, M. Hubbe, Lokendra Pal","doi":"10.32964/tj18.7.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj18.7.443","url":null,"abstract":"The rheological and dewatering behavior of an aqueous pigmented coating system not only affects the machine runnability but also affects the product quality. The current study describes the use of natural hydrocolloids derived from citrus peel fibers as a rheology modifier in paper coating applications. The results were compared with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a typical paper coating system. Water retention of the coating formulation was increased by 56% with citrus peel fibers compared to a default coating, and it also was higher than a CMCcontaining coating. The Brookfield viscosity of paper coatings was found to increase with citrus peel fibers. Compared to CMC, different citrus peel fibers containing coating recipes were able to achieve similar or higher water retention values, with no change or a slight increase in viscosity. Coatings were applied on linerboard using the Mayer rod-coating method, and all basic properties of paper were measured to assess the impact of citrus peel fiber on the functional value of the coatings. Paper properties were improved with coated paper containing citrus peel fibers, including brightness, porosity, smoothness, surface bonding strength, and ink absorption.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78186330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two biopolymers, chitosan and oxidized starch, were used as wet-end additives to improve the strength properties of the paper because of their biodegradable and non-hazardous qualities. The present study reports the improvement in surface and strength properties of packaging-grade paper made with rice straw pulp using biopolymers, chitosan, oxidized starch, and surface sizing added at the wet end of the paper machine. Use of chitosan at all doses from 0.5 to 10 kg/ton enhanced important surface and strength properties of paper. The breaking length, tear index, burst index, ring crush strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption index, and Taber stiffness of the paper with 10 kg/ton of chitosan as a wet-end additive showed 22%, 14%, 20%, 59%, 16%, 44%, and 48% improvement, respectively, in comparison to control, (i.e, without its addition). The Cobb60 was also reduced by 45%, showing better resistance to water in comparison to rice straw paper alone. The effects of chitosan added at the wet end on the paper surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The use of 10 kg/ton of chitosan at the wet end reduced the color and total suspended solids in the back water of the papermaking system by 55% and 51%, respectively. Further enhancement in the surface and strength properties of paper was observed following surface sizing with oxidized starch.
{"title":"Enhancement of processability, surface, and mechanical properties of paper based on rice straw pulp using biopolymers for packaging applications","authors":"Shubhang Bhardwaj, N. Bhardwaj, Y. S. Negi","doi":"10.32964/tj18.7.431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj18.7.431","url":null,"abstract":"Two biopolymers, chitosan and oxidized starch, were used as wet-end additives to improve the strength properties of the paper because of their biodegradable and non-hazardous qualities. The present study reports the improvement in surface and strength properties of packaging-grade paper made with rice straw pulp\u0000using biopolymers, chitosan, oxidized starch, and surface sizing added at the wet end of the paper machine. Use of chitosan at all doses from 0.5 to 10 kg/ton enhanced important surface and strength properties of paper. The breaking length, tear index, burst index, ring crush strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption index, and Taber stiffness of the paper with 10 kg/ton of chitosan as a wet-end additive showed 22%, 14%, 20%, 59%, 16%, 44%, and 48% improvement, respectively, in comparison to control, (i.e, without its addition). The Cobb60 was also reduced by 45%, showing better resistance to water in comparison to rice straw paper alone. The effects of chitosan added at the wet end on the paper surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The use of 10 kg/ton of chitosan at the wet end reduced the color and total suspended solids in the back water of the papermaking system by 55% and 51%, respectively. Further enhancement in the surface and strength properties of paper was observed following surface sizing with oxidized starch.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85067448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid absorption ability belongs to the most important features of tissue papers. Due to non-homogeneous internal and superficial structures, precise and fast evaluation of this property is challenging. The main aim of the presented research was to design an experimental device dedicated to the measurement of the kinetics of wetting phenomenon for tissue papers. The second aim was to evaluate whether it was possible to use image analysis for more precise characterization of liquid absorption properties of tissue paper. The obtained results showed that the method used, based on image analysis supported by gravimetric methods, proved to efficiently and quantitatively characterize the dynamics of liquid absorption for tissue papers. Supplementary parameters such as absorption anisotropy and in-plane velocity were obtained. Different experimental results were obtained for various tissue paper grades. Furthermore, water absorption capacity calculated from image analysis data correlated with results obtained according to the standard method EN ISO 12625-8:2010 “Tissue paper and tissue products—Part 8: Water-absorption time and water-absorption capacity, basket-immersion test method.” Hence, the presented device quantitatively characterizes and discriminates water absorption phenomenon for tissue papers.
液体吸收能力属于薄纸最重要的特性。由于其内部和表面结构的不均匀性，对其性能进行精确、快速的评价具有挑战性。提出的研究的主要目的是设计一个实验装置，专门用于测量动力学的润湿现象的纸巾。第二个目的是评估是否有可能使用图像分析来更精确地表征薄纸的液体吸收特性。结果表明，该方法基于图像分析，并辅以重量法，可以有效定量地表征纸巾的液体吸收动力学。补充参数如吸收各向异性和面内速度。不同的生活用纸等级得到了不同的实验结果。此外，根据图像分析数据计算的吸水能力与根据标准方法EN ISO 12625-8:2010“薄纸和薄纸产品-第8部分:吸水时间和吸水能力，篮浸试验方法”获得的结果相关。因此，所提出的装置定量表征和区分纸巾的吸水现象。
{"title":"Measurement of the dynamics of fluid sorption for tissue papers","authors":"K. Olejnik, J. Bloch, P. Pełczyński","doi":"10.32964/tj18.7.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj18.7.417","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid absorption ability belongs to the most important features of tissue papers. Due to non-homogeneous internal and superficial structures, precise and fast evaluation of this property is challenging. The main aim of the presented research was to design an experimental device dedicated to the measurement of the kinetics of wetting phenomenon for tissue papers. The second aim was to evaluate whether it was possible to use image analysis for more precise characterization of liquid absorption properties of tissue paper. The obtained results showed that the method used, based on image analysis supported by gravimetric methods, proved to efficiently and quantitatively characterize the dynamics of liquid absorption for tissue papers.\u0000Supplementary parameters such as absorption anisotropy and in-plane velocity were obtained. Different experimental results were obtained for various tissue paper grades. Furthermore, water absorption capacity calculated from image analysis data correlated with results obtained according to the standard method EN ISO 12625-8:2010\u0000“Tissue paper and tissue products—Part 8: Water-absorption time and water-absorption capacity, basket-immersion test method.” Hence, the presented device quantitatively characterizes and discriminates water absorption phenomenon\u0000for tissue papers.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79667250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-20DOI: 10.21475/ajcs.19.13.07.p983
T. Lira, Ariston Pinto Santos, T. Moreti, A. Lopes, M. Oliveira, Murilo Coelho Theodoro Neves, Priscila Sawasaki Iamaguti, L. P. Lima, Gilberto Hirotsugu Azevedo Koike, Rogério de Abreu Silva
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to diesel engines. This study aimed to evaluate fuel consumption and smoke density of agricultural tractors fueled by biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel/diesel mixtures in a tilled field. Treatments consisted of distilled methyl ester (biodiesel) of babassu (Orbinya martiana) and seven combinations of it with two standard diesel fuels (B S1800 and B S50). The blending ratios were 0, 5, 15, 25, 50, and 100% biodiesel in diesel oil (B0, B5, B15, B25, B50, and B100, respectively). Regarding the results for hourly volumetric consumption, no difference was found between B0 and B100 when using B S1800, whereas an 8% increase was observed when using the S50. The weighted hourly consumption increased by 11.29 and 16.9% from B0 to B100 using B S1800 and B S50, respectively. Similarly, the specific fuel consumption increased by 11.1% and 14.3% from B0 to B100 using B S1800 and B S50, respectively. Yet, when comparing B0 and B S1800, the smoke density reduction was 68.6% and between B S50 and B100 was 58.0%. Our findings show that babassu biodiesel is a suitable substitute for diesel oil, without causing any damage to the tractor's engine.
{"title":"Performance of agricultural tractor consuming diesel and biodiesel derived from babassu (Orbinya martiana)","authors":"T. Lira, Ariston Pinto Santos, T. Moreti, A. Lopes, M. Oliveira, Murilo Coelho Theodoro Neves, Priscila Sawasaki Iamaguti, L. P. Lima, Gilberto Hirotsugu Azevedo Koike, Rogério de Abreu Silva","doi":"10.21475/ajcs.19.13.07.p983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.07.p983","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to diesel engines. This study aimed to evaluate fuel consumption and smoke density of agricultural tractors fueled by biodiesel, diesel, and biodiesel/diesel mixtures in a tilled field. Treatments consisted of distilled methyl ester (biodiesel) of babassu (Orbinya martiana) and seven combinations of it with two standard diesel fuels (B S1800 and B S50). The blending ratios were 0, 5, 15, 25, 50, and 100% biodiesel in diesel oil (B0, B5, B15, B25, B50, and B100, respectively). Regarding the results for hourly volumetric consumption, no difference was found between B0 and B100 when using B S1800, whereas an 8% increase was observed when using the S50. The weighted hourly consumption increased by 11.29 and 16.9% from B0 to B100 using B S1800 and B S50, respectively. Similarly, the specific fuel consumption increased by 11.1% and 14.3% from B0 to B100 using B S1800 and B S50, respectively. Yet, when comparing B0 and B S1800, the smoke density reduction was 68.6% and between B S50 and B100 was 58.0%. Our findings show that babassu biodiesel is a suitable substitute for diesel oil, without causing any damage to the tractor's engine.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85769010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.21
S. Panhwar, A. R. Sahito, G. S. Solangi, R. Mahar, J. Lal
DSW (Distillery Spent Wash) is superfluous residual liquid waste produced during the process of alcohol production. It is one of the most critical environmental issues which cause pollution. Despite strictness of standards imposed on effluent quality, partially or untreated effluent very often finds access to surface and groundwater. The distillery wastewater becomes a serious risk to the water quality in several regions around the globe. The ever-increasing generation of DSW lead to take an attempt to investigate a few aspects of anaerobic digestion of spent wash collected from a distillery. In the present study CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) was used at laboratory scale. The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of CSTR after the effective startup and the gradual increment in the OLR (Organic Loading Rate). The maximum methane gas (CH4) of 71.68 ml at the OLR of 1.0g of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/L was observed. The optimum COD removal efficiency of the CSTR was 91% corresponding to OLR of 1g of COD/L. The pH ranges from 7.1-7.3 gave better performance and maximum stability of the process. By increasing the ORL, the VFA (Volatile Fatty Acids) content was also increased and reached to the 1.5g COD/L. However, the removal efficiency of TS (Total Solids) increased at an accelerated rate of OLR.
{"title":"Methane Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Spent Wash in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor","authors":"S. Panhwar, A. R. Sahito, G. S. Solangi, R. Mahar, J. Lal","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.21","url":null,"abstract":"DSW (Distillery Spent Wash) is superfluous residual liquid waste produced during the process of alcohol production. It is one of the most critical environmental issues which cause pollution. Despite strictness of standards imposed on effluent quality, partially or untreated effluent very often finds access to surface and groundwater. The distillery wastewater becomes a serious risk to the water quality in several regions around the globe. The ever-increasing generation of DSW lead to take an attempt to investigate a few aspects of anaerobic digestion of spent wash collected from a distillery. In the present study CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) was used at laboratory scale. The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of CSTR after the effective startup and the gradual increment in the OLR (Organic Loading Rate). The maximum methane gas (CH4) of 71.68 ml at the OLR of 1.0g of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)/L was observed. The optimum COD removal efficiency of the CSTR was 91% corresponding to OLR of 1g of COD/L. The pH ranges from 7.1-7.3 gave better performance and maximum stability of the process. By increasing the ORL, the VFA (Volatile Fatty Acids) content was also increased and reached to the 1.5g COD/L. However, the removal efficiency of TS (Total Solids) increased at an accelerated rate of OLR.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"94 14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83507675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.15
I. Ullah, M. Wasif, M. Tufail, M. A. Khan, S. A. Iqbal
Optimization of the drilling parameters of the composite material is the key objective of this research, enhancing the surface roughness and minimizing the tool wear. In contrary to the other research, optimizing the machining parameters for a specific composite material for the mass productions, machining parameters are optimized for GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer), CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and KFRP (Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Polymer) for the job shop production. In this research, the machining parameters are optimized for the enhanced surface roughness and minimum tool wear by varying the three types of composite material and three levels of the cutting speed. Nine experiments were performed, which were repeated twice in random manner to eliminate the biasness of the results. In these experiments, PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coated carbide inserts are used with the same geometry. Seventeen holes were machined in a single experiment, which surface roughness is measured by cutting the composite plate from middle of the hole and using the Countermatic surface roughness meter at different locations. Average surface roughness is determining for each set of varying parameters and plotted to observe the set of parameters for the minimum surface roughness. It has been observed that the minimum surface roughness are observed at; 1500 rpm in GFRP, 2000 rpm in CFRP and at 2500 rpm in KFRP. Finally, the wear patterns are also observed on the drill inserts using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and it has been found that no prominent wear has been observed in the drill inserts, whereas, prominent depletion of coating are found at the higher cutting speed.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Cutting Parameters Effects on the Surface Roughness and Tools Wear during the Drilling of Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials","authors":"I. Ullah, M. Wasif, M. Tufail, M. A. Khan, S. A. Iqbal","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.15","url":null,"abstract":"Optimization of the drilling parameters of the composite material is the key objective of this research, enhancing the surface roughness and minimizing the tool wear. In contrary to the other research, optimizing the machining parameters for a specific composite material for the mass productions, machining parameters are optimized for GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer), CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and KFRP (Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Polymer) for the job shop production. In this research, the machining parameters are optimized for the enhanced surface roughness and minimum tool wear by varying the three types of composite material and three levels of the cutting speed. Nine experiments were performed, which were repeated twice in random manner to eliminate the biasness of the results. In these experiments, PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) coated carbide inserts are used with the same geometry. Seventeen holes were machined in a single experiment, which surface roughness is measured by cutting the composite plate from middle of the hole and using the Countermatic surface roughness meter at different locations. Average surface roughness is determining for each set of varying parameters and plotted to observe the set of parameters for the minimum surface roughness. It has been observed that the minimum surface roughness are observed at; 1500 rpm in GFRP, 2000 rpm in CFRP and at 2500 rpm in KFRP. Finally, the wear patterns are also observed on the drill inserts using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and it has been found that no prominent wear has been observed in the drill inserts, whereas, prominent depletion of coating are found at the higher cutting speed.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74464125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.10
Mariam Nosheen, Zahwa Sayed, M. S. Malik, M. A. Fahiem
Usage of mobile devices and particularly smart phones has seen an enormous hike due to the advancement of mobile phone technology in recent times. People of different age groups, one way or the other, are now connected to different mobile phone applications, such as, Social Networking, Chatting, VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) applications, Gaming etc. This rapid advancement has made it necessary for user interface designers of mobile applications to design user friendly interfaces for their applications, so that users can interact and use those applications with ease irrespective of their location. Usability plays a vital role for measuring the usefulness of such applications. After examining different experimental studies on usability assessment techniques imparted by various research workers, it has been determined that there is still a great deal of requirement where application designers have to guarantee more adept and improved usability of offline mobile applications, such as, Conversion Apps, offline encyclopedia, Translation apps, business use applications (office applications) etc. The primary objective of this study is to render a model for usability metrics of measuring the usability of office applications for smart phones. The effectiveness, usefulness and reliability of the proposed model is measured through two office applications named Office Suite Pro7 for Android and Office 365 for Windows 8 touch screen Smartphone.The results of usability testing and t-test show the significance of the proposed approach. The model in this study will enable the application designers to guarantee a more adept and enhanced usability of office applications for smart phones during the designing stage.
由于移动电话技术的进步，移动设备尤其是智能手机的使用在最近一段时间里出现了巨大的增长。不同年龄层的人，以这样或那样的方式，现在连接到不同的移动电话应用程序，如社交网络，聊天，VoIP(互联网语音协议)应用程序，游戏等。这种快速发展使得移动应用程序的用户界面设计师有必要为他们的应用程序设计用户友好的界面，这样用户就可以轻松地交互和使用这些应用程序，而不管他们在哪里。可用性在衡量这些应用程序的有用性方面起着至关重要的作用。在考察了不同研究工作者传授的可用性评估技术的不同实验研究后，确定了应用程序设计人员仍然需要保证离线移动应用程序更熟练和改进的可用性，例如转换应用程序，离线百科全书，翻译应用程序，商业应用程序(办公应用程序)等。本研究的主要目的是为智能手机办公应用程序的可用性度量提供一个模型。该模型的有效性、实用性和可靠性是通过两个办公应用程序来衡量的，分别是Android的office Suite Pro7和Windows 8触摸屏智能手机的office 365。可用性测试和t检验的结果表明了该方法的有效性。本研究的模型将使应用程序设计者在设计阶段保证智能手机办公应用程序更加熟练和增强可用性。
{"title":"An Evaluation Model for Measuring the Usability of Mobile Office Applications through User Interface Design Metrics","authors":"Mariam Nosheen, Zahwa Sayed, M. S. Malik, M. A. Fahiem","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.10","url":null,"abstract":"Usage of mobile devices and particularly smart phones has seen an enormous hike due to the advancement of mobile phone technology in recent times. People of different age groups, one way or the other, are now connected to different mobile phone applications, such as, Social Networking, Chatting, VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) applications, Gaming etc. This rapid advancement has made it necessary for user interface designers of mobile applications to design user friendly interfaces for their applications, so that users can interact and use those applications with ease irrespective of their location. Usability plays a vital role for measuring the usefulness of such applications. After examining different experimental studies on usability assessment techniques imparted by various research workers, it has been determined that there is still a great deal of requirement where application designers have to guarantee more adept and improved usability of offline mobile applications, such as, Conversion Apps, offline encyclopedia, Translation apps, business use applications (office applications) etc. The primary objective of this study is to render a model for usability metrics of measuring the usability of office applications for smart phones. The effectiveness, usefulness and reliability of the proposed model is measured through two office applications named Office Suite Pro7 for Android and Office 365 for Windows 8 touch screen Smartphone.The results of usability testing and t-test show the significance of the proposed approach. The model in this study will enable the application designers to guarantee a more adept and enhanced usability of office applications for smart phones during the designing stage.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82032113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.1903.04
Aftab Ahmad, F. H. Mangi, Yasir Fazlani, A. Chachar, K. Khan
Wind potential analysis is analyzing how much wind energy is available in particular region. It is most important step because the economics of project depends on the site wind resources. Wind plant depends on the variation of long-term mean wind speed and other characteristics which vary from a distance to distance. This study discusses the wind speed characteristics and wind potential analysis using three years 2014-2016 wind data of Jhampir located in district Thatta, situated in the Southeast of Sindh province. The numerical Weibull distribution approach is used to estimate parameters. The correct estimation of wind parameters and class is essential before developing any wind project in the region. The data used in this study is measured at 80 m height. The region is classified as from class 1-7. The results show that monthly mean speed values lie between 4.79-10.96 m/s. The annual mean scale and shape parameters lie in the range of 7.42-7.59. The wind power density was found in a range of 303.31355.64. This study is related to the decision-making process on a significant wind project in Thatta or nearby region. The stable wind energy pattern is observed in the region for harnessing wind energy almost throughout the year. The Weibull probability density curves also indicate a trend of a boost in the chances of observing wind from 2014-2016.
{"title":"Wind Potential Assessment Analysis of Jhampir, District Thatta Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Aftab Ahmad, F. H. Mangi, Yasir Fazlani, A. Chachar, K. Khan","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.1903.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.04","url":null,"abstract":"Wind potential analysis is analyzing how much wind energy is available in particular region. It is most important step because the economics of project depends on the site wind resources. Wind plant depends on the variation of long-term mean wind speed and other characteristics which vary from a distance to distance. This study discusses the wind speed characteristics and wind potential analysis using three years 2014-2016 wind data of Jhampir located in district Thatta, situated in the Southeast of Sindh province. The numerical Weibull distribution approach is used to estimate parameters. The correct estimation of wind parameters and class is essential before developing any wind project in the region. The data used in this study is measured at 80 m height. The region is classified as from class 1-7. The results show that monthly mean speed values lie between 4.79-10.96 m/s. The annual mean scale and shape parameters lie in the range of 7.42-7.59. The wind power density was found in a range of 303.31355.64. This study is related to the decision-making process on a significant wind project in Thatta or nearby region. The stable wind energy pattern is observed in the region for harnessing wind energy almost throughout the year. The Weibull probability density curves also indicate a trend of a boost in the chances of observing wind from 2014-2016.","PeriodicalId":17719,"journal":{"name":"July 2019","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83687663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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