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Effects of Zinc Accumulation on Earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa (Haplotaxida: Lumbricidae) 锌积累对caliginosa Aporrectodea的影响(单轴纲:蚓科)
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v5n1.p8-15
S. M. Mahmood, Adnan Musa Mohammed
Earthworms are key to the earth's ecosystem, which helps the soil increase its fertility and repair its existing elements, as well as remove contaminants. This study investigated the accumulation of Zn in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa after 15 days of exposure. The worms were grown in media with different concentrations of Zn between 750 and 1500 ppm. Each treatment consisted of three replicates, containing 30 worms. A control group without Zn was also used. Data were analyzed by using Duncan Multi–Range. The results revealed that A. caliginosa had a strong ability to accumulate Zn in its tissue compared to the control group. It was noticed that the increase of the heavy metal in the worm´s tissue is associated with the elevation of the metal in its media. The results show a significant loss of weight in the worm´s body and loss in the growth rate; they also shown a decrease in specific growth rate. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the worm length, showing a high effect, especially after 15 days of breeding with all concentrations used in this study. The researchers recommend using earthworms to purify the soil from contaminants because earthworm has a great ability to get rid of all pollutants, whether metals or pesticides or parasites, especially in industrialized countries and agricultural lands.
蚯蚓是地球生态系统的关键,它帮助土壤提高肥力,修复现有的元素,以及去除污染物。本研究研究了暴露15 d后,蚯蚓体内锌的积累情况。这些蠕虫生长在锌浓度在750到1500 ppm之间的培养基中。每个处理包括3个重复,每重复30只虫。另设不加锌对照组。采用Duncan Multi-Range对数据进行分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,绿藻在组织中积累锌的能力较强。我们注意到,蚯蚓组织中重金属含量的增加与其介质中重金属含量的升高有关。结果表明:虫体体重明显减轻,生长速度下降;它们也显示出特定增长率的下降。此外,虫长明显减少,效果显著,特别是在本研究使用的所有浓度繁殖15天后。研究人员建议使用蚯蚓来净化土壤中的污染物,因为蚯蚓有很强的能力去除所有污染物,无论是金属、杀虫剂还是寄生虫,尤其是在工业化国家和农业用地。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Identification of Superbugs from River Streams in State University of Malang 玛琅州立大学河流中超级细菌的遗传鉴定
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v5n1.p27-36
Reeno Al Hikmatus Sholekah, D. Listyorini
Superbugs revert to bacterial strains, which exhibit resistance to antibiotics. These bacteria could cause some problems in disease treatment and the environment. This research aimed of this study was to identify the presence of superbugs in the river stream that flows through Malang State University campus area. Amoxicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were selected to test the possible bacterial resistance. Water samples taken from a decided spot were spread over Luria Bertani’s agar on both antibiotic supplemented and antibiotics-free media with no delay. Molecular identification was carried out using 16S rRNA gene DNA barcoding approach, completed with morphological and Gram staining analyses. A total of 16 isolates of gram-negative colonies were found in the form of bacilli, diplobacilli, cocci, and diplococci. The genetic identification of eight resistant colonies led us to suggest that the isolates may belong to Aeromonas, Shigella, and Bacillus. Further studies are still required to get a clearer view of the correct taxonomical position of those resistant isolates.
超级细菌会恢复为对抗生素有抗药性的菌株。这些细菌可能会在疾病治疗和环境中造成一些问题。本研究的目的是确定在流经玛琅州立大学校园区的河流中是否存在超级细菌。选择阿莫西林、四环素和氯霉素检测可能的细菌耐药性。从一个确定的地点采集水样,在添加抗生素和不添加抗生素的培养基上立即将水样扩散到Luria Bertani琼脂上。采用16S rRNA基因DNA条形码法进行分子鉴定,并进行形态学和革兰氏染色分析。共分离出革兰氏阴性菌落16株,分别为杆菌、双杆菌、双球菌和双球菌。8个耐药菌落的遗传鉴定使我们认为分离物可能属于气单胞菌、志贺氏菌和芽孢杆菌。为了更清楚地了解这些耐药分离株的正确分类位置,仍需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Sex Determination of Sea Cucumber Acaudina rosettis from Madura Straits, Indonesia 印尼马杜拉海峡海参性别的测定
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n2.p83-89
D. Winarni, Lita Lestari, A. Hayati, Nithasya Nabilla, F. Khaleyla
Acaudina rosettis is one of the commercial sea cucumber species that is widely consumed on the east coast of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Although its abundance in nature has begun to show signs of decreasing, studies on this species are still very limited. This study aimed to examine indicators that can be used to determine the sex of A. rosettis individuals. Acaudina rosettis samples were collected from Madura strait in the mid of Hijri month for three months. The sea cucumber samples were then dissected. Body wall without viscera and gonads was weighed. The gonads were then characterized macroscopically and microscopically, prepared into histological slides with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that A. rosettis samples could be classified into three sex groups based on the type of gamete cells observed in the tubules; male (spermatogenic), female (oogenic), and undetermined sex (no gamete cells found). Gonads had three colors; yellow, pink, and orange and were in five stages of reproductive phase; gametogenesis (G), mature (M), spawning (S), and post-spawning (PS). Male samples had yellow and orange gonads, female samples were pink and orange, and all undetermined sex were orange. The G gonads were yellow and orange, M were yellow and pink, while S and PS were orange. Body wall and gonad weight at the same reproductive phase did not show any difference between males and females. Based on the results, gonad color can be used as an indicator of sex determination, but only in G and M reproductive phases.
Acaudina rosettis是一种商业海参,在印度尼西亚东爪哇泗水东海岸广泛消费。虽然其在自然界中的丰度已经开始显示出减少的迹象,但对该物种的研究仍然非常有限。本研究的目的是研究可用于确定蔷薇个体性别的指标。在回历月中,在马杜拉海峡采集了3个月的海葵样本。然后对海参样本进行解剖。称重不含脏器和性腺的体壁。然后对性腺进行宏观和微观观察,并用苏木精-伊红染色制成组织学切片。结果表明,根据小管配子细胞的类型,蔷薇可分为3个性别群体;男性(生精),女性(生卵),以及未确定性别(未发现配子细胞)。性腺有三种颜色;黄、粉、橙,处于生殖期的五个阶段;配子发生(G),成熟(M),产卵(S)和产卵后(PS)。男性样本的性腺为黄色和橙色,女性样本的性腺为粉色和橙色,所有未确定性别的性腺均为橙色。G性腺为黄色和橙色,M性腺为黄色和粉色,S和PS性腺为橙色。在同一生殖期,体壁和性腺重量在雌雄之间无显著差异。根据结果,性腺颜色可以作为性别决定的指标,但仅在G和M生殖阶段。
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引用次数: 0
DNA Barcode of Homalomena pexa inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer Region 从内转录间隔区推断的扁虫的DNA条形码
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n2.p69-74
Risqi Aprilianingsih, Baiq Farhatul Wahidah, Muhammad Rifqi Hariri
Homalomena pexa, a tomentose haired-leaf aroid, was a newly discovered and described plant species in early 2020. This species has currently only been reported from South Tapanuli. A molecular study to provide DNA sequence is essential in this preliminary investigation. This research aimed to characterize the barcode sequence of H. pexa and estimate the species' position in an Araceae phylogenetic tree. This research used ITS sequence to perform DNA barcoding on H. pexa. The sequencing result revealed that 1040 bp nucleotides were effectively amplified. The phylogenetic tree generated using the Neighbor-Joining method and the Kimura 2-parameter revealed that H. pexa clustered with H. atrox and H. humilis, with a bootstrap value of 97%. This investigation provided and demonstrated that ITS sequences could be used to validate and support the proper identification of Araceae species.
Homalomena pexa是一种被绒毛的毛叶蕨,是2020年初新发现和描述的植物物种。该物种目前仅在南塔巴努里有报道。提供DNA序列的分子研究在这一初步调查中是必不可少的。本研究旨在对天南星科植物的条形码序列进行鉴定,并估计其在天南星科系统发育树上的位置。本研究利用ITS序列对H. pexa进行DNA条形码分析。测序结果显示,有效扩增了1040 bp的核苷酸。采用Neighbor-Joining方法和Kimura 2参数生成的系统进化树显示,peexa与H. atrox和H. humilis聚类,bootstrap值为97%。该研究提供并证明了ITS序列可用于天南星科植物的正确鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
An Additional Information of Tarenna (Rubiaceae) in Madura Island 标题马杜拉岛田莲属植物的补充资料
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n2.p90-95
N. Indah, Ashari Bagus Setiawan
Tarenna is a genus of relatives of Ixora which is found in forests. Tarenna is different from Ixora which is known as an ornamental plant. The purpose of this study was to find the genus Tarenna in Madura natural habitat to preserved or conserved before this genus became extinct. Observations were made on morphological characters. The morphological characteristics observed included: stature, stems, leaves, inflorescences, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Ixora has a corolla of various flowers while Tarenna only has a white corolla but smells good. Recent exploration and collection of Tarenna in Madura Island indicated that two species are a new record for Java and Madura Island, namely T. costata and T. fragrans. Existence of T. costata in this area not only as a new record for Madura Island, but also as a new record for Java. Tarenna fragrans was firstly reported in Madura Island as a new distributional record for this area. An updated of identification key, several descriptions, and documentations, as well as a distributional map are provided.
Tarenna是Ixora的一个亲戚属,在森林中发现。天莲不同于被称为观赏植物的Ixora。本研究的目的是在马都拉的自然生境中找到在该属灭绝之前保存或保护的田莲属。对其形态特征进行了观察。观察到的形态特征包括:身高、茎、叶、花序、花、果实和种子。Ixora有多种花冠,而Tarenna只有白色花冠,但气味很好。最近对马都拉岛Tarenna的调查和采集表明,爪哇和马都拉岛有两个新记录种,分别是T. costata和T. fragrans。这一地区存在T. costata不仅是马杜拉岛的新记录,也是爪哇的新记录。香田莲属植物在马杜拉岛首次报道,为该地区新的分布记录。提供了更新的标识键、一些描述和文档以及分布图。
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引用次数: 0
On the abundance and occurrence of the mangrove crabs, Scylla spp. (Crustacea: Portunidae) from Munjang mangrove, Bangka Belitung Island 邦加勿里洞岛Munjang红树林蟹类Scylla spp.(甲壳纲:蟹科)的丰度和发生
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n2.p75-82
Nadhifah Raniah, Henri Henri, Kurniawan Kurniawan
The mangrove ecosystem is one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. This ecosystem provides a lot of functions for the living organism inhabiting here, such as fishes, mollusks, echinoderms, crustaceans, ect. The mangrove crab is one of the common crustaceans that can be found in the mangrove. This Purtunidae crab is very popular due to their role in the food chain as well as for the economic income that has a high value in the market. However, overexploitation may decrease the crab population. This study aimed to investigate the abundance and occurrence of the mangrove crabs from Munjang mangrove, Bangka Belitung Island from August 2020 to June 2021 using baited traps with the line transect method at four zones. A total of four species of mangrove crabs, Scylla olivacea, S. paramamosain, S. serrata and S. tranquebarica, were found in this location and dominated by S. serrata. Shannon diversity index (H’) was a in low category (<1), evenness index range (J) from 0.35 to 0.89, and there was dominant species in this study. The bed sediment iswas dominated by the muddy clay substratum except in zone 4 with sandy. Overall, this location is a suitable habitat for the Scylla spp. And better management is urgently needed before these crabs are exploited by humans.
红树林生态系统是地球上最多产的生态系统之一。这个生态系统为生活在这里的生物提供了许多功能,如鱼类、软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳类动物等。红树林蟹是红树林中常见的甲壳类动物之一。由于其在食物链中的作用以及在市场上具有很高价值的经济收入,这种Purtunidae螃蟹非常受欢迎。然而,过度开发可能会减少螃蟹的数量。本研究旨在调查2020年8月至2021年6月,Bangka Belitung岛Munjang红树林红树林蟹的数量和发生情况,采用线样法在4个区域进行饵网诱捕。红树林蟹类共有Scylla olivacea、S. paramamosain、S. serrata和S. tranquebarica 4种,以S. serrata为主。Shannon多样性指数(H′)为低类别(<1),均匀度指数(J)在0.35 ~ 0.89之间,存在优势种。除4带含砂外,其余地层以泥质粘土基质为主。总的来说,这个地方是Scylla蟹的适宜栖息地,在这些蟹被人类利用之前,迫切需要更好的管理。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Water Concentration on Growth Media on Lipid Production by Oleaginous Fungi Isolate BR 2.2 培养基水浓度对产油真菌br2.2产脂的影响
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n2.p51-56
Herin Yoga Lesti, Miftahul Ilmi
Oleaginous fungi are one of the microorganisms that can accumulate a high number of biomasses quickly (within 96-130 hours) and are often used to produce lipids. The growth of fungi depends on the chemical composition of the environment in which it grows. The growth media of fungi must contain high carbohydrates as a source of nutrients and high nitrogen content. One of the carbon sources that fungi can use in the growth process is glucose. BR 2.2 isolate is an oleaginous fungus capable of accumulating 28.44% lipids from the total dry biomass with glucose as a carbon source in 50 mL of growth media. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of variations in the volume of media and incubation time on the production of biomass and lipid isolate BR 2.2. Biomass and lipid production were analyzed at media with additional water volumes of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL with 48, 96, and 144 hours of incubation times. The results showed that lipid accumulation and biomass production increased with the reduction of water content in the growth media and reached the highest number in the media volume of 20 mL with an incubation time of 144 hours, i.e., 0.87±0.04 g/L and 12.53±0.29 g/L. It can be concluded that biomass and fungal lipid increased along with incubation time and nutrient concentration.
产油真菌是一种能够快速(在96-130小时内)积累大量生物量的微生物,通常用于生产脂质。真菌的生长取决于其生长环境的化学成分。真菌的生长培养基必须含有高碳水化合物作为营养来源和高氮含量。真菌在生长过程中可以使用的碳源之一是葡萄糖。BR 2.2分离菌是一种产油真菌,以葡萄糖为碳源,在50 mL的生长培养基中,能从总干生物量中积累28.44%的油脂。因此,本研究旨在确定培养基体积和培养时间的变化对生物质和脂质分离物br2.2产量的影响。在额外水量为10、20、30、40和50 mL的培养基上,在48、96和144小时的孵育时间下,分析生物量和脂质产量。结果表明,随着培养基含水量的降低,脂质积累和生物量增加,培养时间为144 h,在培养基体积为20 mL时达到最高,分别为0.87±0.04 g/L和12.53±0.29 g/L。生物量和真菌脂质随培养时间和营养浓度的增加而增加。
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引用次数: 0
Filicinae Taxonomic Diversity in the Tourism Area of Tretes Waterfall Wonosalam Kabupaten Jombang 中邦乌诺萨拉姆喀巴登瀑布旅游区菲律宾科的分类多样性
Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n2.p57-68
Afifah Nuraini, Wisanti Wisanti
Filicinae is a fern with the most species members. The Filicinae includes approximately 170 genera and 7000 species. Filicinae grows in wet, humid, and shady environmental conditions, like waterfall areas with an altitude of 1100-1300 meters above sea level (m a s l). The study aimed to determine the taxonomic diversity of the Filicinae in the Tretes Wonosalam Waterfall Tourism area. Taxonomic diversity is very important in tourism areas because it prevents species extinction due to the destruction of the habitat, they live in. This was descriptive research with exploration and observation techniques used purposive sampling methods based on altitude. The results of the study were stated in the form of an inventory list of species and families of each station. Data gained of species diversity were analyzed using taxonomic diversity with the formula (∆) and dominance diversity with the formula (∆*). Exploration results found 37 species from 12 families composed of 10 species from 7 families at station 1; 12 species from 6 families at station 2; 14 species from 7 families at station 3; and 22 species from 12 families at station 4. The highest taxonomic diversity (∆) was station 4 with 106.8 while the lowest for station 1 was 25.63. Dominance diversity (∆*) at all stations in this study was in the medium category. The highest family found in the study was Tectariaceae with six species.
凤尾蕨是蕨类植物中种类最多的一种。菲律宾科包括约170属和7000种。Filicinae生长在海拔1100-1300米(m as l)的瀑布区等潮湿、潮湿和阴凉的环境条件下。本研究旨在确定Tretes Wonosalam瀑布旅游区Filicinae的分类多样性。分类多样性在旅游区是非常重要的,因为它可以防止物种因栖息地的破坏而灭绝。这是一项描述性研究,使用基于海拔的有目的采样方法进行勘探和观察技术。研究结果以每个站点的物种和科的清单的形式陈述。物种多样性数据采用分类多样性公式(∆)和优势多样性公式(∆*)进行分析。探测结果发现12科37种,其中1站7科10种;站2 6科12种;3号站7科14种;4号站有12科22个物种。4号站的分类多样性(∆)最高,为106.8,1号站最低,为25.63。本研究各站点优势多样性(∆*)均为中等。在本研究中发现的最高科是六种的龙舌兰科。
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引用次数: 0
Beta-Glucosidase 1 (bgl1) Gene Analysis in Mutant and Wild-type of Penicillium sp. ID10-T065 青霉菌ID10-T065突变型与野生型β -葡萄糖苷酶1基因分析
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n1.p1-8
Vilya Syafriana, S. Nuswantara, W. Mangunwardoyo, P. Lisdiyanti
In the previous study, Penicillium sp. ID10-T065 has been mutated using ultraviolet (UV), ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) and the combination of UV-EMS to increase Beta-glucosidase (bgl) activity. There were three mutants selected, UV13 (UV mutant), EM31 (EMS mutant), and UM23 (UV-EMS mutant). This study examined the mutations in the bgl gene encoding (bgl1) as well as sequence differences between mutants and wild-type of Penicillium sp. ID10-T065. The gene analysis was performed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the bgl1 gene. The results of bgl1 gene sequences (600 bp) from mutants were aligned with the wild-type, it was discovered that there were base alterations from position 2025 to 2050. Mutant UV13 showed the highest base alterations (7 bases) which occurred at position 2027 (T→C); 2036 (T→G); 2040 (T→G); 2047 (G→C); and 2048-2050 (TTG→GGA). Mutant EM31 showed alterations in five bases at positions 2034 (G→A), 2036 (T→G), 2037 (G→C), 2044 (G→C), and 2047 (G→T). Mutant UM23 showed two base alterations at position 2025 (T→A) and 2037 (G→C). UV irradiation and EMS mutation resulted in transition and transversion DNA, whereas the combination of UV-EMS mutation resulted in transversion mutations. Base alterations in UV13 and EM31 mutants, causing missense and silent mutation, while in UM23 mutant only silent mutations occur. The bgl1 gene analysis showed that mutation using UV light was more effective than using EMS or a combination of UV-EMS in Penicillium sp. ID10-T065.
在先前的研究中,利用紫外线(UV)、甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和紫外-EMS联合诱变青霉sp. ID10-T065,以提高β -葡萄糖苷酶(bgl)的活性。选择了三个突变体,分别是UV13 (UV突变体)、EM31 (EMS突变体)和UM23 (UV-EMS突变体)。本研究检测了青霉菌ID10-T065的bgl基因编码(bgl1)突变以及突变体与野生型之间的序列差异。对bgl1基因进行PCR扩增和测序分析。突变体bgl1基因序列(600 bp)与野生型一致,发现2025 ~ 2050位点存在碱基变化。突变体UV13的碱基变化最多(7个碱基),发生在2027位点(T→C);2036 (T→G);2040 (T→G);2047 (G→C);2048 ~ 2050年(TTG→GGA)。突变体EM31在2034 (G→A)、2036 (T→G)、2037 (G→C)、2044 (G→C)和2047 (G→T)位点上有5个碱基的改变。突变体UM23在2025位点(T→A)和2037位点(G→C)有两个碱基改变。紫外辐照和EMS突变导致DNA的过渡和翻转,而紫外-EMS联合突变导致DNA的翻转突变。在UV13和EM31突变体中发生碱基改变,导致误义和沉默突变,而在UM23突变体中只发生沉默突变。对ID10-T065青霉bgl1基因的分析表明,紫外诱变比紫外诱变或紫外-EMS联合诱变更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Araceae Floristic and Potential Study in Bogor Botanical Gardens, West Java, Indonesia 印度尼西亚西爪哇茂物植物园天南星科植物区系及潜力研究
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.26740/jrba.v4n1.p9-18
R. K. Asharo, A. Novitasari, S. Azizah, Rahadian Ajeng Saraswati, Fani Setyaningsih, Puput Apriliani, R. Priambodo, Pinta Omas Pasaribu, V. Rizkawati, Usman Usman
Bogor Botanical Gardens is a conservation area that assists the preservation of flora in Indonesia, including the Araceae. Araceae is often used by the public as medicine, food sources, and ornamental plants. Therefore, the Araceae is often used as an interesting research object and conservation efforts have commenced maintaining its sustainability. The purpose of this research was to determine the species of living Araceae and the potential possessed by each living Araceae species in the conservation area of the Bogor Botanical Gardens. This research was conducted on 8-9 June 2021 to determine the diversity and potential of the Araceae in Bogor Botanical Gardens. The method used in this research is the exploring method and data analysis using descriptive method. The result of this research revealed there were 60 species of Araceae consisting of 25 genera. The genera with the highest number of species are Philodendron. Two species of them are Araceae which has a habitat in the waters. A total of 33 species are terrestrial and 25 are epiphytic plants. Araceae have many potentials, such as food, aromatic, medicine, flavoring, animal feed, and ornamental plants. More than 50% of the Araceae species were used as ornamental plants.
茂物植物园是一个保护区,帮助保护印度尼西亚的植物群,包括天南星科。天南星科经常被公众用作药物、食物来源和观赏植物。因此,天南星科经常被用作一个有趣的研究对象,保护工作已经开始保持其可持续性。本研究的目的是确定在茂物植物园保护区内现存天南星科植物的种类及每种天南星科植物所具有的潜力。该研究于2021年6月8日至9日进行,旨在确定茂物植物园天南星科植物的多样性和潜力。本研究采用的方法是探索性研究方法和描述性数据分析方法。结果表明,天南星科植物共有25属60种。种数最多的属是绿枝属。其中两种是天南星科,在水中有栖息地。陆生植物33种,附生植物25种。天南星科植物在食品、香料、医药、调味品、动物饲料、观赏植物等方面具有广泛的应用前景。天南星科植物50%以上被用作观赏植物。
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引用次数: 1
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