Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1121
İnci Çilingir Süngü, H. Demir
In the present investigation, a streamfunction-vorticity form for Boussinesq-Stokes liquids (with suspended particles) is suitably used to examine the problem of 2-D unsteady incompressible flow in a square cavity with moving top and bottom wall. A new algorithm is used for this form in order to compute the numerical solutions for high Reynolds numbers up to Re=2500. This algorithm is conducted as a combination of the multi-time-stepping temporal differential transform and the spatial finite difference methods. Convergence of the time-series solution is ensured by multi-time-stepping method. The classical benchmark results of the Newtonian liquid are recovered as a limiting case and the decelerating influence of the suspended particle on the Newtonian liquids’ flow field is clearly elaborated.
{"title":"New Algorithm for the Lid-driven Cavity Flow Problem with Boussinesq-Stokes Suspension","authors":"İnci Çilingir Süngü, H. Demir","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1121","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, a streamfunction-vorticity form for Boussinesq-Stokes liquids (with suspended particles) is suitably used to examine the problem of 2-D unsteady incompressible flow in a square cavity with moving top and bottom wall. A new algorithm is used for this form in order to compute the numerical solutions for high Reynolds numbers up to Re=2500. This algorithm is conducted as a combination of the multi-time-stepping temporal differential transform and the spatial finite difference methods. Convergence of the time-series solution is ensured by multi-time-stepping method. The classical benchmark results of the Newtonian liquid are recovered as a limiting case and the decelerating influence of the suspended particle on the Newtonian liquids’ flow field is clearly elaborated.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85146180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1166
Ayse Bengu Sunbul, Fatih Sunbul
Türkiye’nin önemli fay zonlarından biri olan Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (DAFZ), içinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda çok aktif görünmemesine rağmen tarihsel dönemlerde büyük depremler üretmiş bir fay zonudur. DAFZ’in yakın çevresinde büyük yerleşim birimlerinin bulunması dolayısıyla gelecekte meydana gelebilecek muhtemel bir depremin yerinin belirlenmesi hayati önem arz etmektedir. Fayların içinde bulundukları gerilme durumları ve komşu faylara olan etkisis Coulomb gerilme kriteri ile modellenebilmekte, gerilmenin arttığı bölgeler tespit edilerek, gelecekte oluşabilecek bir deprem lokasyon olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Coulomb kriteri kullanılarak 1822 yılından günümüze kadar meydana gelmiş orta ve büyük ölçekli depremler modellenmiş ve incelenen depremlerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, lehva hareketlerine bağlı meydana gelen tektonik gerilme değişimleri analiz edilerek, bölgede deprem riski oluşturabilecek gerilmenin yüksek olduğu alanlar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; modellenen 18 depremden 12 tanesi oluşumları itibariyle birbiri ile ilişkilidir; bir önce oluşan deprem bir sonra oluşan depreme gerilme transferi yapmıştır ve bir anlamda birbirlerini tetiklemişlerdir. Bunların yanında, daha önceki yıllarda araştırmacılar tarafından gerilme artışı saptanan Elazığ-Bingöl arasındaki segmentin 2003 Bingöl ve 2010 Elazığ depremlerinden sonra kısmen deprem riski taşımadıgı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan Kahramanmaraş-Malatya arasında yer alan segmentte hem deprem tetiklemelerinden hem de tektonik hareketlerden kaynaklı bir gerilme artışı tespit edilerek, deprem riskinin yüksek olduğu alan olarak çalışmada belirlenmiştir.
{"title":"Deprem etkileşimlerinde Coulomb gerilme kriteri değerlendirmesi; Doğu Anadolu fay hattı","authors":"Ayse Bengu Sunbul, Fatih Sunbul","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1166","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye’nin önemli fay zonlarından biri olan Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu (DAFZ), içinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda çok aktif görünmemesine rağmen tarihsel dönemlerde büyük depremler üretmiş bir fay zonudur. DAFZ’in yakın çevresinde büyük yerleşim birimlerinin bulunması dolayısıyla gelecekte meydana gelebilecek muhtemel bir depremin yerinin belirlenmesi hayati önem arz etmektedir. Fayların içinde bulundukları gerilme durumları ve komşu faylara olan etkisis Coulomb gerilme kriteri ile modellenebilmekte, gerilmenin arttığı bölgeler tespit edilerek, gelecekte oluşabilecek bir deprem lokasyon olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Coulomb kriteri kullanılarak 1822 yılından günümüze kadar meydana gelmiş orta ve büyük ölçekli depremler modellenmiş ve incelenen depremlerin birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, lehva hareketlerine bağlı meydana gelen tektonik gerilme değişimleri analiz edilerek, bölgede deprem riski oluşturabilecek gerilmenin yüksek olduğu alanlar incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; modellenen 18 depremden 12 tanesi oluşumları itibariyle birbiri ile ilişkilidir; bir önce oluşan deprem bir sonra oluşan depreme gerilme transferi yapmıştır ve bir anlamda birbirlerini tetiklemişlerdir. Bunların yanında, daha önceki yıllarda araştırmacılar tarafından gerilme artışı saptanan Elazığ-Bingöl arasındaki segmentin 2003 Bingöl ve 2010 Elazığ depremlerinden sonra kısmen deprem riski taşımadıgı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan Kahramanmaraş-Malatya arasında yer alan segmentte hem deprem tetiklemelerinden hem de tektonik hareketlerden kaynaklı bir gerilme artışı tespit edilerek, deprem riskinin yüksek olduğu alan olarak çalışmada belirlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86448571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/zkufbd.v8i2.1101
Ö. F. Cansiz
Traffic accidents occurred on highway in Turkey cause materially and morally damage. To decrease the damage, prediction model developed. In this study, demographic and traffic data which from 1970 to 2007 are used. These data are consist of dependent and independent variables. Dependent variable is formed Number of Dead (ND). As for independent variables are comprised Population (P), Registered Number of Vehicle (VN), Vehicle-km (VK), Number of Drivers (DN). Models are developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Logarithmic Regression (LR) enhanced by Smeed. PVNVKDN model developed taking real values logarithm is the best performance of models in LR technique. VKDN created by using historical data sets is the best model in ANN technique. As for models created by randomly selected data, the best model is VKDN. When performances of best models are compared, VKDN is the best model because of lowest error rate.
{"title":"By Using Logarithmic Regression and Artificial Neural Network to Improve Prediction Model of Dead Number Resulted from Road Traffic Accidents in Turkey","authors":"Ö. F. Cansiz","doi":"10.7212/zkufbd.v8i2.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/zkufbd.v8i2.1101","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic accidents occurred on highway in Turkey cause materially and morally damage. To decrease the damage, prediction model developed. In this study, demographic and traffic data which from 1970 to 2007 are used. These data are consist of dependent and independent variables. Dependent variable is formed Number of Dead (ND). As for independent variables are comprised Population (P), Registered Number of Vehicle (VN), Vehicle-km (VK), Number of Drivers (DN). Models are developed using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Logarithmic Regression (LR) enhanced by Smeed. PVNVKDN model developed taking real values logarithm is the best performance of models in LR technique. VKDN created by using historical data sets is the best model in ANN technique. As for models created by randomly selected data, the best model is VKDN. When performances of best models are compared, VKDN is the best model because of lowest error rate.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79730089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1187
Aylin Akyildiz
Doğal kaynaklarımız, ülke nüfusunun artması ve tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişmesi nedeniyle azalmaktadır. Kaynakların sınırlı olduğu ve tüketimin hızla artığı ülkemizde, geri dönüşüm büyük bir önem kazanmıştır. Bu sebeple öncelikle kütlece %0, %2, %4, %6, %8 ve %10 oranlarında kumun yerine yumurta kabuğu, çimento ve su kullanılarak harçlar üretilmiştir. Üretilen harç karışımları, 1 gün sonra kalıplardan çıkarılıp, 20 ± 2 °C kirece doygun su içerisine konulmuştur. Numuneler 28 günlük kür süresince havuzda bekletilmiştir. 28 gün sonra kür havuzundan çıkarılan numunelerde basınç ve eğilme dayanımı ve su emme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre yumurta kabuğunun beton dayanımı üzerinde ne şekilde etkidiği belirlenmiştir.
{"title":"Yumurta Kabuğu Katkılı Harçların Mekanik Özellikleri","authors":"Aylin Akyildiz","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1187","url":null,"abstract":"Doğal kaynaklarımız, ülke nüfusunun artması ve tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişmesi nedeniyle azalmaktadır. Kaynakların sınırlı olduğu ve tüketimin hızla artığı ülkemizde, geri dönüşüm büyük bir önem kazanmıştır. Bu sebeple öncelikle kütlece %0, %2, %4, %6, %8 ve %10 oranlarında kumun yerine yumurta kabuğu, çimento ve su kullanılarak harçlar üretilmiştir. Üretilen harç karışımları, 1 gün sonra kalıplardan çıkarılıp, 20 ± 2 °C kirece doygun su içerisine konulmuştur. Numuneler 28 günlük kür süresince havuzda bekletilmiştir. 28 gün sonra kür havuzundan çıkarılan numunelerde basınç ve eğilme dayanımı ve su emme deneyleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen deney sonuçlarına göre yumurta kabuğunun beton dayanımı üzerinde ne şekilde etkidiği belirlenmiştir.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85339195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1167
A. Narin, Y. Isler, M. Ozer
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is the mainly encountered type of arrhythmia and there is no validated method to predict a PAF attack before it occurs. In this study, predicting the PAF event was aimed using time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) measures in k- nearest neighbor (k-nn) classifier. Traditional time-domain HRV measures were analyzed in every 5-minute segments from 49 normal subjects, 25 patients with PAF attack and 25 patients with no attack within 45 minutes. All features were investigated whether they showed statistically significance. Significant features were classified by k-nn for odd numbers of neighbors between 1 and 19. This setup was run with two different configurations as study 1 to discriminate patients with PAF attack from normals and patients with no attack, and study 2 to discriminate patients with PAF attack from patients with no attack. SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50 measures were found to show statistically significant differences with p less than 0.05 in segments of 0-5 min, 2.5-7.5 min and 5-10 min intervals only. The maximum classification accuracy was obtained in the time interval of 2.5-7.5 minutes with %79 for Study 1 and just before attack with %80 for Study 2 in the time interval of 0-5 minutes. Results showed that the prediction of PAF events was possible when the classification between normal subjects from PAF patients was accurate. PAF attack can be determined 2.5 minutes earlier by simple classifier algorithms.
{"title":"Prediction of PAF Attacks using Time-Domain Measures of Heart Rate Variability","authors":"A. Narin, Y. Isler, M. Ozer","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1167","url":null,"abstract":"Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is the mainly encountered type of arrhythmia and there is no validated method to predict a PAF\u0000attack before it occurs. In this study, predicting the PAF event was aimed using time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) measures\u0000in k- nearest neighbor (k-nn) classifier. Traditional time-domain HRV measures were analyzed in every 5-minute segments from 49\u0000normal subjects, 25 patients with PAF attack and 25 patients with no attack within 45 minutes. All features were investigated whether\u0000they showed statistically significance. Significant features were classified by k-nn for odd numbers of neighbors between 1 and 19.\u0000This setup was run with two different configurations as study 1 to discriminate patients with PAF attack from normals and patients\u0000with no attack, and study 2 to discriminate patients with PAF attack from patients with no attack. SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50\u0000measures were found to show statistically significant differences with p less than 0.05 in segments of 0-5 min, 2.5-7.5 min and 5-10\u0000min intervals only. The maximum classification accuracy was obtained in the time interval of 2.5-7.5 minutes with %79 for Study 1\u0000and just before attack with %80 for Study 2 in the time interval of 0-5 minutes. Results showed that the prediction of PAF events was\u0000possible when the classification between normal subjects from PAF patients was accurate. PAF attack can be determined 2.5 minutes\u0000earlier by simple classifier algorithms.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90399479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1159
D. Yarımpabuç, M. Eker, K. Celebi
Piezoelectric materials, which have fast response and low energy usage features, are widely used in sensors and actuators. Due to the active role of their working principle, it is important to know the vibration characteristic of each piezoelectric material. In this paper, forced vibration analysis of arbitrary non-uniform piezoelectric rod has been performed. The governing differential equations have variable coefficients which are functions of mechanical and electrostatic properties. Analytical solution of these linear differential equations is limited to specific cross-section area models, so numerical method is inevitable. Numerical model of the forced vibration of cantilever piezoelectric (PZT-4) rod with an arbitrary non-uniform cross-section area is obtained in the Laplace space and then solved numerically by Complementary Functions Method (CFM). Solutions were transformed from Laplace domain to the time domain by applying modified Durbin’s procedure. The technique is validated for a uniform piezoelectric rod that can also be solved analytically. In order to demonstrate the effect of arbitrary geometry on the dynamic feature of the rod, numerical examples are employed.
{"title":"Forced Vibration Analysis of Non-Uniform Piezoelectric Rod by Complementary Functions Method","authors":"D. Yarımpabuç, M. Eker, K. Celebi","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1159","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric materials, which have fast response and low energy usage features, are widely used in sensors and actuators. Due to the active role of their working principle, it is important to know the vibration characteristic of each piezoelectric material. In this paper, forced vibration analysis of arbitrary non-uniform piezoelectric rod has been performed. The governing differential equations have variable coefficients which are functions of mechanical and electrostatic properties. Analytical solution of these linear differential equations is limited to specific cross-section area models, so numerical method is inevitable. Numerical model of the forced vibration of cantilever piezoelectric (PZT-4) rod with an arbitrary non-uniform cross-section area is obtained in the Laplace space and then solved numerically by Complementary Functions Method (CFM). Solutions were transformed from Laplace domain to the time domain by applying modified Durbin’s procedure. The technique is validated for a uniform piezoelectric rod that can also be solved analytically. In order to demonstrate the effect of arbitrary geometry on the dynamic feature of the rod, numerical examples are employed.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85314559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1278
H. Aytekin
In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed in order to calculate the two-neutron separation energies (S2n) for the even-even nuclei 36-58Ca, 50-78Ni, 100-138Sn and 182-220Pb with the magic proton numbers, 20, 28, 50 and 82, respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Liquid Drop Model (LDM), Relativistic Mean Field Theory (RMFT) and the experimental results.
{"title":"Calculation of the two-neutron separation energies of even-even 36-58Ca, 50-78Ni, 102-138Sn and 182-220Pb nuclei by an artificial neural network model","authors":"H. Aytekin","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1278","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed in order to calculate the two-neutron separation energies (S2n) for the even-even nuclei 36-58Ca, 50-78Ni, 100-138Sn and 182-220Pb with the magic proton numbers, 20, 28, 50 and 82, respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Liquid Drop Model (LDM), Relativistic Mean Field Theory (RMFT) and the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80586194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1174
Hatice Kuşak Samanci
Çalışmamızın amacı, split kuaterniyonik çatıları kullanarak hareketli ve sabit birim Lorentziyen kürelerin oluşturduğu Lorentziyen küresel hareketi incelemektir. İlk olarak split kuaterniyonlarla hareketi tanımladık ve ikinci olarak hareketin hız denklemlerini hesapladık. Son olarak da split kuaterniyonların kullanılmasıyla oluşan Lorentziyen küresel hareketin kanonik izafe sistemini bulduk.
{"title":"Split Kuaterniyon ve Lorentziyen Küresel Hareket","authors":"Hatice Kuşak Samanci","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Çalışmamızın amacı, split kuaterniyonik çatıları kullanarak hareketli ve sabit birim Lorentziyen kürelerin oluşturduğu Lorentziyen\u0000küresel hareketi incelemektir. İlk olarak split kuaterniyonlarla hareketi tanımladık ve ikinci olarak hareketin hız denklemlerini\u0000hesapladık. Son olarak da split kuaterniyonların kullanılmasıyla oluşan Lorentziyen küresel hareketin kanonik izafe sistemini bulduk.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90298011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1339
M. Gümüş
In this paper, we will investigate the global dynamics of the following non-linear difference equation x(n+1)=Ax(n-2)/B+Cx(n)^p(1)x(n-1)^p(2) , where the parameters are non-negative numbers and the initial values are non-negative numbers.
{"title":"Global Dynamics of a Third-Order Rational Difference Equation","authors":"M. Gümüş","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1339","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we will investigate the global dynamics of the following non-linear difference equation\u0000\u0000x(n+1)=Ax(n-2)/B+Cx(n)^p(1)x(n-1)^p(2) , \u0000where the parameters are non-negative numbers and the initial values are non-negative numbers.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75760028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-25DOI: 10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1093
P. Demir, G. Yilmaz
Atmospheric turbulence is a significant attenuation effect in free-space optical communication systems. The turbulence varies according to the vertical distance, temperature, pressure and wind speed. In this study, SNR values with three different wavelengths and turbulence strength were analyzed up to 10 km altitude. As a result of the analysis, the SNR values were compared according to height and turbulence values.
{"title":"The Investigation of SNR for Free Space Optical Communication Under Turbulence","authors":"P. Demir, G. Yilmaz","doi":"10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7212/ZKUFBD.V8I2.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric turbulence is a significant attenuation effect in free-space optical communication systems. The turbulence varies\u0000according to the vertical distance, temperature, pressure and wind speed. In this study, SNR values with three different wavelengths\u0000and turbulence strength were analyzed up to 10 km altitude. As a result of the analysis, the SNR values were compared according to\u0000height and turbulence values.","PeriodicalId":17742,"journal":{"name":"Karaelmas Science and Engineering Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80966277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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