Sepideh Basirat Dehkordi, Mehdi Mogharnasi, Majid Vahidian-Rezazadeh, M. Saravani
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by memory loss, and is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative condition. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of aerobic interval training (AIT) combined with Ginkgo biloba (GB) supplementation on passive avoidance memory function and the expression of the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene in rats afflicted with AD. Methods: A total of forty-four male Wistar rats, each weighing approximately 250 ± 20 g, were maintained in a controlled environment at a specified temperature. Over 8 weeks (5 days per week), they underwent AIT and received GB supplements at a dosage of 100 mg/kg. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups: healthy control (HC) with 7 rats, AD control (AC) with 8 rats, amyloid-β (Aβ) injection plus GB supplement (Aβ + GB) with 8 rats, Aβ injection plus GB supplement plus AIT (Aβ + GB + AIT) with 8 rats, Aβ injection plus AIT (Aβ + AIT) with 8 rats, and sham surgery (SS) with 5 rats. The shuttlebox apparatus was utilized to assess the effect of Aβ on passive avoidance memory and to confirm disease induction. GDNF gene expression was measured using the qRT-PCR method. Results: The study found significant improvements in passive avoidance memory in the Aβ + AIT and Aβ + GB + AIT groups compared to the AC group after 8 weeks of AIT and GB supplementation (P = 0.02 and P = 0.000, respectively). Long-term memory performance was notably enhanced in the Aβ + GB + AIT group (P = 0.000). Additionally, GDNF expression significantly increased in the Aβ + GB + AIT and Aβ + GB groups in comparison to the AC group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: A synergistic effect of AIT and GB supplementation was observed, leading to an increase in GDNF gene expression and improvements in both passive avoidance memory and long-term memory in male rats with AD.
背景：阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆症，以记忆力减退为特征，是一种复杂的进行性神经退行性疾病。研究目的本研究旨在探讨有氧间歇训练（AIT）结合银杏叶（GB）补充剂对被动回避记忆功能和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）基因表达的影响。研究方法将 44 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠（每只体重约为 250 ± 20 克）饲养在特定温度的受控环境中。在为期 8 周（每周 5 天）的时间里，大鼠接受了 AIT 治疗，并服用了剂量为 100 毫克/千克的 GB 补充剂。大鼠被随机分为六组：健康对照组（HC）7 只；AD 对照组（AC）8 只；淀粉样蛋白-β（Aβ）注射加 GB 补充剂组（Aβ + GB）8 只；Aβ 注射加 GB 补充剂加 AIT 组（Aβ + GB + AIT）8 只；Aβ 注射加 AIT 组（Aβ + AIT）8 只；假手术组（SS）5 只。利用穿梭箱装置评估 Aβ 对被动回避记忆的影响，并确认疾病诱导。采用 qRT-PCR 方法检测 GDNF 基因表达。结果研究发现，在补充 AIT 和 GB 8 周后，与 AC 组相比，Aβ + AIT 组和 Aβ + GB + AIT 组的被动回避记忆有明显改善（分别为 P = 0.02 和 P = 0.000）。Aβ + GB + AIT 组的长期记忆能力明显增强（P = 0.000）。此外，与 AC 组相比，Aβ + GB + AIT 组和 Aβ + GB 组的 GDNF 表达明显增加（分别为 P = 0.000 和 P = 0.01）。结论观察到补充 AIT 和 GB 有协同作用，可导致 GDNF 基因表达增加，并改善 AD 雄性大鼠的被动回避记忆和长期记忆。
{"title":"Effects of Aerobic Interval Training Along with Ginkgo Biloba Supplementation on Passive Avoidance Memory and GDNF Gene Expression in Alzheimer Rats","authors":"Sepideh Basirat Dehkordi, Mehdi Mogharnasi, Majid Vahidian-Rezazadeh, M. Saravani","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-144050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-144050","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by memory loss, and is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative condition. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of aerobic interval training (AIT) combined with Ginkgo biloba (GB) supplementation on passive avoidance memory function and the expression of the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene in rats afflicted with AD. Methods: A total of forty-four male Wistar rats, each weighing approximately 250 ± 20 g, were maintained in a controlled environment at a specified temperature. Over 8 weeks (5 days per week), they underwent AIT and received GB supplements at a dosage of 100 mg/kg. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups: healthy control (HC) with 7 rats, AD control (AC) with 8 rats, amyloid-β (Aβ) injection plus GB supplement (Aβ + GB) with 8 rats, Aβ injection plus GB supplement plus AIT (Aβ + GB + AIT) with 8 rats, Aβ injection plus AIT (Aβ + AIT) with 8 rats, and sham surgery (SS) with 5 rats. The shuttlebox apparatus was utilized to assess the effect of Aβ on passive avoidance memory and to confirm disease induction. GDNF gene expression was measured using the qRT-PCR method. Results: The study found significant improvements in passive avoidance memory in the Aβ + AIT and Aβ + GB + AIT groups compared to the AC group after 8 weeks of AIT and GB supplementation (P = 0.02 and P = 0.000, respectively). Long-term memory performance was notably enhanced in the Aβ + GB + AIT group (P = 0.000). Additionally, GDNF expression significantly increased in the Aβ + GB + AIT and Aβ + GB groups in comparison to the AC group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: A synergistic effect of AIT and GB supplementation was observed, leading to an increase in GDNF gene expression and improvements in both passive avoidance memory and long-term memory in male rats with AD.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nafiseh Erfanian, Mahsa Saffar, Sahba Khatami, Emad Yeganeh Khorasani, Saboura Nikpour, Mohammad Fereidouni, M. Namaei
Background: The process of wound healing is a dynamic event that starts with inflammation, proliferation, and migration of various types of fibroblast cells and aims to restore the integrity and functionality of damaged tissue. One crucial signaling pathway involved in wound healing is the Wnt signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a cocktail consisting of L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex vitamins on the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway during wound healing. Methods: The optimal dosages of L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex were used to prepare the cocktail. Then, the cocktail-mediated wound healing was measured through scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Finally, the effects of the cocktail on the expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, MMP7, and RSPO2 genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway were measured during the wound closure phenomenon by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The scratch assay demonstrated the wound-healing effects of the prepared cocktail on HDF cells. Additionally, the RT-qPCR results showed that the cocktail can activate the Wnt signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and MMP7 and up-regulating the expression of RSPO2. Conclusions: The data suggest that the L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex vitamin cocktail exhibits wound healing properties by increasing fibroblast proliferation via the activation of the Wnt pathway.
背景：伤口愈合过程是一个动态过程，首先是各种类型的成纤维细胞发生炎症、增殖和迁移，目的是恢复受损组织的完整性和功能性。参与伤口愈合的一个重要信号通路是 Wnt 信号通路。本研究旨在探讨由左旋肉碱、硫酸锌和复合维生素 B 组成的鸡尾酒对伤口愈合过程中 Wnt 信号通路调节的影响。研究方法采用左旋肉碱、硫酸锌和复合维生素 B 的最佳剂量制备鸡尾酒。然后，通过对人真皮成纤维细胞（HDF）进行划痕试验，测定鸡尾酒介导的伤口愈合。最后，通过实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）测定了鸡尾酒对伤口闭合过程中参与 Wnt 信号通路的 SFRP1、SFRP2、SFRP4、MMP7 和 RSPO2 基因表达的影响。结果显示划痕试验证明了制备的鸡尾酒对 HDF 细胞的伤口愈合作用。此外，RT-qPCR 结果显示鸡尾酒能通过下调 SFRP1、SFRP2、SFRP4 和 MMP7 的表达以及上调 RSPO2 的表达来激活 Wnt 信号通路。结论数据表明，左旋肉碱、硫酸锌和复合维生素 B 鸡尾酒可通过激活 Wnt 通路增加成纤维细胞的增殖，从而具有伤口愈合的特性。
{"title":"Modulating the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Wound Healing: The Potential of L-Carnosine, Zinc Sulfate, and B-Complex Vitamins Cocktail","authors":"Nafiseh Erfanian, Mahsa Saffar, Sahba Khatami, Emad Yeganeh Khorasani, Saboura Nikpour, Mohammad Fereidouni, M. Namaei","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-143129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-143129","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The process of wound healing is a dynamic event that starts with inflammation, proliferation, and migration of various types of fibroblast cells and aims to restore the integrity and functionality of damaged tissue. One crucial signaling pathway involved in wound healing is the Wnt signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a cocktail consisting of L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex vitamins on the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway during wound healing. Methods: The optimal dosages of L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex were used to prepare the cocktail. Then, the cocktail-mediated wound healing was measured through scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Finally, the effects of the cocktail on the expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, MMP7, and RSPO2 genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway were measured during the wound closure phenomenon by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The scratch assay demonstrated the wound-healing effects of the prepared cocktail on HDF cells. Additionally, the RT-qPCR results showed that the cocktail can activate the Wnt signaling pathway by down-regulating the expression of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and MMP7 and up-regulating the expression of RSPO2. Conclusions: The data suggest that the L-carnosine, zinc sulfate, and B-complex vitamin cocktail exhibits wound healing properties by increasing fibroblast proliferation via the activation of the Wnt pathway.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is a common mineral contaminant in drinking water in numerous parts of the world. It has been shown to have cardiovascular, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and urinary effects on the body. There is abundant scientific evidence that establishes a strong correlation between arsenic exposure and kidney-related disorders. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of citicoline against NaAsO2-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: The groups included a control group, a group treated with NaAsO2 at a concentration of 50 ppm, a group treated with Cit at a dosage of 1000 mg/kg, and three groups of NaAsO2 (50 ppm) co-treated with Cit at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. Results: Citicoline decreased the activity level of blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.001), creatinine levels (P < 0.001), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.001), nitric oxide (P < 0.001), inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Furthermore, Cit increased total thiol (P < 0.001) and activity levels of catalase (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.001). Therefore, Cit reduced the harmful effects caused by the imbalance in oxidative and antioxidant systems and histopathological damage in NaAsO2-intoxicated mice, improving the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusions: Our research indicates that Cit can shield the kidneys from the damaging effects of NaAsO2 by leveraging its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Citicoline on Sodium Arsenite-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice","authors":"M. Khodayar, Maryam Shirani, Mehrad Nikravesh, Elaheh Mohammadi, Laya Sadat Khorsandi, Saeedeh Shariati","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-144745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-144745","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) is a common mineral contaminant in drinking water in numerous parts of the world. It has been shown to have cardiovascular, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and urinary effects on the body. There is abundant scientific evidence that establishes a strong correlation between arsenic exposure and kidney-related disorders. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of citicoline against NaAsO2-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: The groups included a control group, a group treated with NaAsO2 at a concentration of 50 ppm, a group treated with Cit at a dosage of 1000 mg/kg, and three groups of NaAsO2 (50 ppm) co-treated with Cit at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. Results: Citicoline decreased the activity level of blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.001), creatinine levels (P < 0.001), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.001), nitric oxide (P < 0.001), inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001) and interleukin-6 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Furthermore, Cit increased total thiol (P < 0.001) and activity levels of catalase (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.001). Therefore, Cit reduced the harmful effects caused by the imbalance in oxidative and antioxidant systems and histopathological damage in NaAsO2-intoxicated mice, improving the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusions: Our research indicates that Cit can shield the kidneys from the damaging effects of NaAsO2 by leveraging its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: In light of the escalating global concern over antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Allium atroviolaceum and compare it with 0.2% chlorhexidine using the well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods against Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 6249), Streptococcus mutans (PTCC 16836), Streptococcus sanguinis (PTCC 1449), and Streptococcus salivarius (PTCC 1448). The well diffusion method revealed the inhibitory effect of the extract, with the highest activity observed against Streptococcus salivarius. Subsequently, MIC and MBC values were determined, indicating that the hydroalcoholic extract had MIC and MBC values of 3.12 mg/mL against Streptococcus sanguinis and 6.25 mg/mL against other strains (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius). Chlorhexidine exhibited significantly lower MIC and MBC values of 0.0003%. Based on literature reviews, Allium species exhibit antimicrobial properties. The findings highlight the potential of Allium atroviolaceum extract as an alternative or complementary antimicrobial agent and warrant further investigation to identify its bioactive components and explore their mechanisms of action. This study contributes to understanding natural antimicrobial agents and their potential applications against bacterial infections.
:鉴于全球对抗生素耐药性的担忧不断升级，本研究旨在评估薤白水醇提取物的抗菌活性，并采用井扩散法、最小抑菌浓度法（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度法（MBC）比较 0.2% 洗必泰的抗菌活性进行比较。采用井扩散法、最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 法和最低杀菌浓度 (MBC) 法对肝炎链球菌（ATCC 6249）、变异链球菌（PTCC 16836）、血链球菌（PTCC 1449）和唾液链球菌（PTCC 1448）进行检测。井扩散法显示了提取物的抑制作用，其中对唾液链球菌的活性最高。随后测定了 MIC 值和 MBC 值，结果表明水醇提取物对血清链球菌的 MIC 值和 MBC 值分别为 3.12 毫克/毫升和 6.25 毫克/毫升，对其他菌株（肝炎链球菌、变异链球菌、血清链球菌和唾液链球菌）的 MIC 值和 MBC 值分别为 3.12 毫克/毫升和 6.25 毫克/毫升。洗必泰的 MIC 值和 MBC 值明显低于 0.0003%。根据文献综述，薤白具有抗菌特性。研究结果凸显了薤白提取物作为替代或补充抗菌剂的潜力，值得进一步研究，以确定其生物活性成分并探索其作用机制。这项研究有助于了解天然抗菌剂及其在细菌感染中的潜在应用。
{"title":"Anti-bacterial Effects of Allium atroviolaceum Hydroalcoholic Extract on Oral Bacteria of Streptococcus viridans Groups","authors":"Shayan Eynanlou Yaghmerlou, Hossein Malekzadeh, Dara Ghaznavi, Habib Zeighami, Mahdi Tavakolizadeh","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-139187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-139187","url":null,"abstract":": In light of the escalating global concern over antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Allium atroviolaceum and compare it with 0.2% chlorhexidine using the well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods against Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 6249), Streptococcus mutans (PTCC 16836), Streptococcus sanguinis (PTCC 1449), and Streptococcus salivarius (PTCC 1448). The well diffusion method revealed the inhibitory effect of the extract, with the highest activity observed against Streptococcus salivarius. Subsequently, MIC and MBC values were determined, indicating that the hydroalcoholic extract had MIC and MBC values of 3.12 mg/mL against Streptococcus sanguinis and 6.25 mg/mL against other strains (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius). Chlorhexidine exhibited significantly lower MIC and MBC values of 0.0003%. Based on literature reviews, Allium species exhibit antimicrobial properties. The findings highlight the potential of Allium atroviolaceum extract as an alternative or complementary antimicrobial agent and warrant further investigation to identify its bioactive components and explore their mechanisms of action. This study contributes to understanding natural antimicrobial agents and their potential applications against bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yousefsani, Ali Qobadi, Majid Dadmehr, Kobra Shirani
Background: Ricinus communis L, commonly known as the castor oil plant, is a valuable traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years around the world. The plant contains a diverse range of phytochemicals with various medicinal properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, central analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and wound healing activities. Its many beneficial compounds make it a valuable natural remedy for numerous health conditions. Objectives: The present study investigated the preventive effect of castor oil on malathion-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like behaviors in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 8 groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection (IP)), castor oil (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mL/kg/day, orally) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, IP) plus malathion, castor oil (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (vehicle of levodopa) groups. All treatments were administered for 28 days, after which neurobehavioral tests such as open field, rotarod, and catalepsy were performed. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin (IL)-6 in the striatum were measured at the end of the treatment period to assess the potential effects of castor oil. Results: The finding of this study indicated that malathion-induced neurobehavioral toxicity was together with the increase of MDA, TNFα, and IL-6 levels, a decrease of GSH, and AChE activity that was reversed by treatment with castor oil. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that castor oil may have potential therapeutic effects for PD by improving antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which are both factors that can contribute to the toxicity of pesticides like malathion. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential protective effects of castor oil in this context.
{"title":"Castor Oil: A Natural Remedy with Promising Potential for Parkinson's Disease Prevention","authors":"B. Yousefsani, Ali Qobadi, Majid Dadmehr, Kobra Shirani","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-143882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-143882","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ricinus communis L, commonly known as the castor oil plant, is a valuable traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years around the world. The plant contains a diverse range of phytochemicals with various medicinal properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, central analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and wound healing activities. Its many beneficial compounds make it a valuable natural remedy for numerous health conditions. Objectives: The present study investigated the preventive effect of castor oil on malathion-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like behaviors in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 8 groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection (IP)), castor oil (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mL/kg/day, orally) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, IP) plus malathion, castor oil (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (vehicle of levodopa) groups. All treatments were administered for 28 days, after which neurobehavioral tests such as open field, rotarod, and catalepsy were performed. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin (IL)-6 in the striatum were measured at the end of the treatment period to assess the potential effects of castor oil. Results: The finding of this study indicated that malathion-induced neurobehavioral toxicity was together with the increase of MDA, TNFα, and IL-6 levels, a decrease of GSH, and AChE activity that was reversed by treatment with castor oil. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that castor oil may have potential therapeutic effects for PD by improving antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which are both factors that can contribute to the toxicity of pesticides like malathion. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential protective effects of castor oil in this context.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139836859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Yousefsani, Ali Qobadi, Majid Dadmehr, Kobra Shirani
Background: Ricinus communis L, commonly known as the castor oil plant, is a valuable traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years around the world. The plant contains a diverse range of phytochemicals with various medicinal properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, central analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and wound healing activities. Its many beneficial compounds make it a valuable natural remedy for numerous health conditions. Objectives: The present study investigated the preventive effect of castor oil on malathion-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like behaviors in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 8 groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection (IP)), castor oil (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mL/kg/day, orally) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, IP) plus malathion, castor oil (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (vehicle of levodopa) groups. All treatments were administered for 28 days, after which neurobehavioral tests such as open field, rotarod, and catalepsy were performed. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin (IL)-6 in the striatum were measured at the end of the treatment period to assess the potential effects of castor oil. Results: The finding of this study indicated that malathion-induced neurobehavioral toxicity was together with the increase of MDA, TNFα, and IL-6 levels, a decrease of GSH, and AChE activity that was reversed by treatment with castor oil. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that castor oil may have potential therapeutic effects for PD by improving antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which are both factors that can contribute to the toxicity of pesticides like malathion. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential protective effects of castor oil in this context.
{"title":"Castor Oil: A Natural Remedy with Promising Potential for Parkinson's Disease Prevention","authors":"B. Yousefsani, Ali Qobadi, Majid Dadmehr, Kobra Shirani","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-143882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-143882","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ricinus communis L, commonly known as the castor oil plant, is a valuable traditional medicine that has been used for thousands of years around the world. The plant contains a diverse range of phytochemicals with various medicinal properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, central analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and wound healing activities. Its many beneficial compounds make it a valuable natural remedy for numerous health conditions. Objectives: The present study investigated the preventive effect of castor oil on malathion-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like behaviors in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into 8 groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection (IP)), castor oil (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mL/kg/day, orally) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, IP) plus malathion, castor oil (0.5 mg/kg/day, orally), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (vehicle of levodopa) groups. All treatments were administered for 28 days, after which neurobehavioral tests such as open field, rotarod, and catalepsy were performed. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin (IL)-6 in the striatum were measured at the end of the treatment period to assess the potential effects of castor oil. Results: The finding of this study indicated that malathion-induced neurobehavioral toxicity was together with the increase of MDA, TNFα, and IL-6 levels, a decrease of GSH, and AChE activity that was reversed by treatment with castor oil. Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that castor oil may have potential therapeutic effects for PD by improving antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, which are both factors that can contribute to the toxicity of pesticides like malathion. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential protective effects of castor oil in this context.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139777272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Natural pigments from microbial sources are a class of compounds with various structures and a wide range of uses, which have become an important source of antibiotic production. Objectives: This study aimed to screen and identify a new type of pigment-producing microorganism from purple soil in the Sichuan Basin. At the same time, this study aimed to purify and identify the produced pigment, preliminarily optimize its fermentation conditions, and characterize its antibacterial activity. Methods: Through morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular sequencing, the strain LS-2 was identified. The pigment was purified by column chromatography, and its antibacterial activity was characterized by a disc diffusion assay. Through the analysis of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum, infrared (IR) absorption spectrum, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the yellow pigment was identified. Results: An actinomycin D-producing Streptomyces parvulus was isolated from the purple soil in the Sichuan Basin. Its optimal fermentation conditions were culture at 34°C on Gause’s synthetic medium with pH 6.5, and the yield reached 540 mg/L after 48 hours. The actinomycin D produced by the strain has excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli). Conclusions: A new actinomycin D-producing strain of Streptomyces parvulus LS-2 was isolated and identified. The strain has a high production of actinomycin D, which has excellent antibacterial activity.
背景：微生物来源的天然色素是一类结构多样、用途广泛的化合物，已成为抗生素生产的重要来源。研究目的本研究旨在从四川盆地的紫色土壤中筛选和鉴定一种新型色素生产微生物。同时，本研究旨在纯化和鉴定所产生的色素，初步优化其发酵条件，并鉴定其抗菌活性。研究方法通过形态学、生理学、生物化学和分子测序，确定了菌株 LS-2。色素通过柱层析法纯化，其抗菌活性通过盘扩散试验进行表征。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和液相色谱-质谱分析，确定了黄色素。结果从四川盆地的紫色土中分离出了一种能产生放线菌素 D 的副链霉菌。其最佳发酵条件是在 34℃、pH 值为 6.5 的 Gause 合成培养基上培养，48 小时后产量达到 540 毫克/升。该菌株产生的放线菌素 D 对革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）具有很好的抗菌活性。结论分离并鉴定了一株产放线菌素 D 的副链霉菌 LS-2 新菌株。该菌株能产生大量放线菌素 D，具有出色的抗菌活性。
{"title":"Screening, Identification, and Pigment Characteristics of Actinomycin D-Producing Actinomycetes from Purple Soil in the Sichuan Basin","authors":"Xin Wan, Rui Liu, Peng Jiang, Lihuan Li, JingPing Chen, Hongfu Wei, Mingxue Liu","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-142936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-142936","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural pigments from microbial sources are a class of compounds with various structures and a wide range of uses, which have become an important source of antibiotic production. Objectives: This study aimed to screen and identify a new type of pigment-producing microorganism from purple soil in the Sichuan Basin. At the same time, this study aimed to purify and identify the produced pigment, preliminarily optimize its fermentation conditions, and characterize its antibacterial activity. Methods: Through morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular sequencing, the strain LS-2 was identified. The pigment was purified by column chromatography, and its antibacterial activity was characterized by a disc diffusion assay. Through the analysis of the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum, infrared (IR) absorption spectrum, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the yellow pigment was identified. Results: An actinomycin D-producing Streptomyces parvulus was isolated from the purple soil in the Sichuan Basin. Its optimal fermentation conditions were culture at 34°C on Gause’s synthetic medium with pH 6.5, and the yield reached 540 mg/L after 48 hours. The actinomycin D produced by the strain has excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli). Conclusions: A new actinomycin D-producing strain of Streptomyces parvulus LS-2 was isolated and identified. The strain has a high production of actinomycin D, which has excellent antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arash Kazemi Veisari, Shahin Hajiebrahimi, Hajar Shokri-Afra, H. Fakheri, Iradj Maleki, T. Taghvaei, Vahid Hosseini, Versa Omrani-Nava, Mahboobe Ebrahimi, Amir Elhaei, Seyed Mohammad Valizadeh Toosi
Background: Changes in the intestinal microbial flora may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of functional constipation (FC). Probiotics have shown promise as a potential alternative treatment for constipation. Objectives: The main goal of this study is to assess the effects of an Iranian multispecies synbiotic supplement on FC. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) recruited 115 adult patients who met the Rome IV criteria for FC after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to receive either psyllium (n = 57) or psyllium plus synbiotic (n = 58) daily for 4 weeks. The treatment response was evaluated based on changes in stool consistency (based on the Bristol scale), bloating severity, and constipation intensity (based on the Wexner Constipation Scoring System), and those with a partial to excellent response were considered treatment successes. Results: The two groups did not differ in terms of sex, age, and BMI. The downward trend of stool consistency, bloating, as well as, constipation intensity was significant after 2 weeks of synbiotic-containing intervention. Treatment success after 4 weeks was 75.44% in the synbiotic group, compared to 30.91% in the psyllium-alone group (P < 0.001), indicating the superior efficiency of the synbiotic. Neither treatment exhibited adverse effects (P = 0.924), although psyllium was found to be less tolerable than the synbiotic (P = 0.026). Conclusions: Multispecies synbiotic intake for 4 weeks may be a promising treatment option for FC, given its striking favorable effects on constipation severity, safety, and tolerability.
背景：肠道微生物菌群的变化可能会导致功能性便秘（FC）的发生和加重。益生菌有望成为治疗便秘的潜在替代疗法。研究目的本研究的主要目的是评估伊朗多菌种合成益生菌补充剂对功能性便秘的影响。方法：这是一项随机对照试验（RCT）：这项随机对照试验（RCT）招募了 115 名成年患者，这些患者在满足纳入标准后，符合 FC 的罗马 IV 标准。他们被随机分配到每天服用银翘散（57 人）或银翘散加合生元（58 人），为期 4 周。根据大便稠度（基于布里斯托尔量表）、腹胀严重程度和便秘强度（基于韦克斯纳便秘评分系统）的变化评估治疗反应，部分反应到极佳反应者被视为治疗成功。结果两组患者在性别、年龄和体重指数方面没有差异。在含合成益生菌的干预措施实施 2 周后，粪便稠度、腹胀以及便秘强度均呈显著下降趋势。4 周后，合生元组的治疗成功率为 75.44%，而单用银莲花组的成功率为 30.91%（P < 0.001），这表明合生元具有更高的效率。两种疗法均未出现不良反应（P = 0.924），但发现银翘片的耐受性低于合生素（P = 0.026）。结论鉴于多菌种合生元对便秘严重程度、安全性和耐受性的显著有利影响，服用 4 周的多菌种合生元可能是一种很有前景的 FC 治疗方案。
{"title":"Effectiveness of a Multispecies Synbiotic on Functional Constipation: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Arash Kazemi Veisari, Shahin Hajiebrahimi, Hajar Shokri-Afra, H. Fakheri, Iradj Maleki, T. Taghvaei, Vahid Hosseini, Versa Omrani-Nava, Mahboobe Ebrahimi, Amir Elhaei, Seyed Mohammad Valizadeh Toosi","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-141520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-141520","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Changes in the intestinal microbial flora may contribute to the occurrence and intensification of functional constipation (FC). Probiotics have shown promise as a potential alternative treatment for constipation. Objectives: The main goal of this study is to assess the effects of an Iranian multispecies synbiotic supplement on FC. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) recruited 115 adult patients who met the Rome IV criteria for FC after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to receive either psyllium (n = 57) or psyllium plus synbiotic (n = 58) daily for 4 weeks. The treatment response was evaluated based on changes in stool consistency (based on the Bristol scale), bloating severity, and constipation intensity (based on the Wexner Constipation Scoring System), and those with a partial to excellent response were considered treatment successes. Results: The two groups did not differ in terms of sex, age, and BMI. The downward trend of stool consistency, bloating, as well as, constipation intensity was significant after 2 weeks of synbiotic-containing intervention. Treatment success after 4 weeks was 75.44% in the synbiotic group, compared to 30.91% in the psyllium-alone group (P < 0.001), indicating the superior efficiency of the synbiotic. Neither treatment exhibited adverse effects (P = 0.924), although psyllium was found to be less tolerable than the synbiotic (P = 0.026). Conclusions: Multispecies synbiotic intake for 4 weeks may be a promising treatment option for FC, given its striking favorable effects on constipation severity, safety, and tolerability.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Afsharmanesh, A. Mansourian, Marie saghaeian Jazi, S. Ghaffary, Samira Eshghinia, Nasser Behnampour, S. Jafari
Background: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has garnered scientific attention for its beneficial effects on various chronic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The current study was designed and conducted to assess the influence of whole okra fruit powder on the serum levels of specific biochemical parameters in individuals with pre-diabetes. Methods: Seventy pre-diabetic patients, aged 30 - 55 years, were divided into two groups: The okra group (n = 35, fasting plasma glucose: 116.26 ± 6.02) and the placebo group (n = 35, fasting plasma glucose: 112.26 ± 5.8). The okra group received 3000 mg of okra capsules daily for eight weeks, while the placebo group received placebo capsules. Liver function, renal markers, and lipid profiles were assessed at both the baseline and the end of the experiment using a spectrophotometer. The impact of the okra intervention on biochemical parameters was determined using parametric or non-parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver transaminases, and uric acid were significantly lower in the okra group compared to the placebo group. Conversely, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the okra group than in the placebo group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding triglycerides, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Conclusions: The consumption of okra effectively improved the lipid profile and certain serum parameters (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and uric acid) related to liver and kidney health in pre-diabetic participants.
{"title":"Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Intake Improves Lipid Profile and Liver Transaminases in Pre-diabetic Adults: A Randomized Double-blinded Trial","authors":"M. Afsharmanesh, A. Mansourian, Marie saghaeian Jazi, S. Ghaffary, Samira Eshghinia, Nasser Behnampour, S. Jafari","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-143074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-143074","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has garnered scientific attention for its beneficial effects on various chronic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The current study was designed and conducted to assess the influence of whole okra fruit powder on the serum levels of specific biochemical parameters in individuals with pre-diabetes. Methods: Seventy pre-diabetic patients, aged 30 - 55 years, were divided into two groups: The okra group (n = 35, fasting plasma glucose: 116.26 ± 6.02) and the placebo group (n = 35, fasting plasma glucose: 112.26 ± 5.8). The okra group received 3000 mg of okra capsules daily for eight weeks, while the placebo group received placebo capsules. Liver function, renal markers, and lipid profiles were assessed at both the baseline and the end of the experiment using a spectrophotometer. The impact of the okra intervention on biochemical parameters was determined using parametric or non-parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver transaminases, and uric acid were significantly lower in the okra group compared to the placebo group. Conversely, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the okra group than in the placebo group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding triglycerides, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Conclusions: The consumption of okra effectively improved the lipid profile and certain serum parameters (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and uric acid) related to liver and kidney health in pre-diabetic participants.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoud Ebrahimi, Houra Jazayeri Gharehbagh, Farid Dabaghian, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Sedigheh Khademian, Mina Saeedi, Mohsen Amini, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, M. Khanavi
Background: Salvia is one of the most important genera belonging to the Lamiaceae family that has been used in various applications in folk medicine and the pharmaceutical and food industries. Objectives: This study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand. and Salvia hypoleuca Benth. essential oils (EOs). Additionally, the enzyme inhibitory activity of the mixture of compounds was evaluated to find whether the synergistic effect is responsible for the desired activity or not. Methods: The constituents of S. mirzayanii and S. hypoleuca EOs collected from Fars and Alborz provinces, Iran, were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. They were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by the determination of para-nitrophenol (pNP), derived from the enzymatic degradation of para-nitrophenol-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate. The activity of the selected components was also tested. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of EOs was evaluated based on the radical scavenging capability (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) assay, and their total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Results: In total, 66 compounds were detected in the S. mirzayanii and S. hypoleuca EOs. The results showed that S. mirzayanii EO had more potent antioxidant activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.77 ± 0.00 mg/mL), higher TPC (78.26 ± 1.26 mg GAE/g EO), and a greater inhibitory effect toward α-glucosidase (IC50 = 55.15 ± 1.60 mg/mL) than S. hypoleuca EO. Furthermore, caryophyllene oxide (IC50 = 19.94 ± 0.26 mg/mL), α-pinene (IC50 = 17.59 ± 0.19 mg/mL), and linalool (IC50 = 38.00 ± 0.22 mg/mL) showed high levels of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among the major constituents. In addition, the combination of linalool: 1,8-cineole: α-terpineol (40: 35: 25) inhibited this enzyme synergistically (combination index [CI] < 1). Conclusions: The findings indicated that S. mirzayanii EO had a high potential for developing efficient anti-type 2 diabetes agents.
背景：丹参是唇形科最重要的属之一，在民间医药、制药和食品工业中有多种用途。研究目的本研究调查了 Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand.和 Salvia hypoleuca Benth.精油（EOs）的化学成分、抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。此外，还对混合化合物的酶抑制活性进行了评估，以确定协同效应是否是产生预期活性的原因。研究方法采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析法测定了从伊朗法尔斯省和阿尔博尔兹省采集的 S. mirzayanii 和 S. hypoleuca 多元芳香烃的成分。以对硝基苯酚（pNP）为底物，测定对硝基苯酚-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（pNPG）酶降解产生的对硝基苯酚（pNP），从而评估它们的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。同时还测试了所选成分的活性。此外，还根据自由基清除能力（2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼 [DPPH]）测定法评估了 EO 的抗氧化活性，并采用 Folin-Ciocalteu 法以没食子酸当量（GAE）测定了 EO 的总酚含量（TPC）。结果：在 S. mirzayanii 和 S. hypoleuca 的环氧乙烷中总共检测到 66 种化合物。结果表明，与 S. hypoleuca 环氧乙烷相比，S. mirzayanii 环氧乙烷具有更强的抗氧化活性（半最大抑制浓度 [IC50] = 0.77 ± 0.00 mg/mL）、更高的 TPC（78.26 ± 1.26 mg GAE/g环氧乙烷）和更强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用（IC50 = 55.15 ± 1.60 mg/mL）。此外，在主要成分中，氧化香叶醇（IC50 = 19.94 ± 0.26 mg/mL）、α-蒎烯（IC50 = 17.59 ± 0.19 mg/mL）和芳樟醇（IC50 = 38.00 ± 0.22 mg/mL）显示出较高的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。此外，芳樟醇1,8-蒎烯：α-松油醇（40：35：25）的组合能协同抑制这种酶（组合指数 [CI] < 1）。结论研究结果表明，S. mirzayanii 环氧乙烷具有开发高效抗 2 型糖尿病药物的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Salvia mirzayanii and Salvia hypoleuca Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory, and Synergistic Effects of Selected Components","authors":"Masoud Ebrahimi, Houra Jazayeri Gharehbagh, Farid Dabaghian, Somayeh Mojtabavi, Sedigheh Khademian, Mina Saeedi, Mohsen Amini, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, M. Khanavi","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-143185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-143185","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salvia is one of the most important genera belonging to the Lamiaceae family that has been used in various applications in folk medicine and the pharmaceutical and food industries. Objectives: This study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. and Esfand. and Salvia hypoleuca Benth. essential oils (EOs). Additionally, the enzyme inhibitory activity of the mixture of compounds was evaluated to find whether the synergistic effect is responsible for the desired activity or not. Methods: The constituents of S. mirzayanii and S. hypoleuca EOs collected from Fars and Alborz provinces, Iran, were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. They were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by the determination of para-nitrophenol (pNP), derived from the enzymatic degradation of para-nitrophenol-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) as the substrate. The activity of the selected components was also tested. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of EOs was evaluated based on the radical scavenging capability (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) assay, and their total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Results: In total, 66 compounds were detected in the S. mirzayanii and S. hypoleuca EOs. The results showed that S. mirzayanii EO had more potent antioxidant activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.77 ± 0.00 mg/mL), higher TPC (78.26 ± 1.26 mg GAE/g EO), and a greater inhibitory effect toward α-glucosidase (IC50 = 55.15 ± 1.60 mg/mL) than S. hypoleuca EO. Furthermore, caryophyllene oxide (IC50 = 19.94 ± 0.26 mg/mL), α-pinene (IC50 = 17.59 ± 0.19 mg/mL), and linalool (IC50 = 38.00 ± 0.22 mg/mL) showed high levels of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among the major constituents. In addition, the combination of linalool: 1,8-cineole: α-terpineol (40: 35: 25) inhibited this enzyme synergistically (combination index [CI] < 1). Conclusions: The findings indicated that S. mirzayanii EO had a high potential for developing efficient anti-type 2 diabetes agents.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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