Saeed Mohammad Soleymani, Anayatollah Salimi, Heibatullah Kalantari, Adel Sheykhi
Background: Caffeine is an edible chemical compound obtained from various plants, such as tea and coffee. Caffeine is an alkaloid that is highly hydrophilic and has limited skin permeability. The lipophilic nature of the stratum corneum is a major barrier to the passage of this substance through the skin. Topical drug delivery systems can effectively transfer caffeine to the skin. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of pretreatment time with chemical enhancers on caffeine's skin permeation. Methods: The skin was subjected to additives such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ethyl sulfate, tynoline, nanoxinol, and lecithin for 5, 15, and 30 minutes. Then, the parameters of caffeine permeability and structural changes in the skin due to additive adsorption were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. Results: The enhancers increased the permeation of caffeine through the skin. There are different mechanisms for penetration enhancers, including lipid liquefaction, disruption of lipid bilayers, and irreversible denaturation of intracellular keratin. Conclusions: Sodium lauryl sulfate can affect the skin permeability of caffeine.
{"title":"Effect of Pretreatment Time with Enhancers on Caffeine Skin Permeability in Rats","authors":"Saeed Mohammad Soleymani, Anayatollah Salimi, Heibatullah Kalantari, Adel Sheykhi","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-137761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-137761","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caffeine is an edible chemical compound obtained from various plants, such as tea and coffee. Caffeine is an alkaloid that is highly hydrophilic and has limited skin permeability. The lipophilic nature of the stratum corneum is a major barrier to the passage of this substance through the skin. Topical drug delivery systems can effectively transfer caffeine to the skin. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of pretreatment time with chemical enhancers on caffeine's skin permeation. Methods: The skin was subjected to additives such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl ethyl sulfate, tynoline, nanoxinol, and lecithin for 5, 15, and 30 minutes. Then, the parameters of caffeine permeability and structural changes in the skin due to additive adsorption were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry. Results: The enhancers increased the permeation of caffeine through the skin. There are different mechanisms for penetration enhancers, including lipid liquefaction, disruption of lipid bilayers, and irreversible denaturation of intracellular keratin. Conclusions: Sodium lauryl sulfate can affect the skin permeability of caffeine.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"5 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women. Previous research has shown that PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and immune system malfunctions. Also, the antioxidant effects of propolis and the positive effects of chitosan nanoparticles on the reproductive system have been demonstrated in some reports. Objectives: The current study is designed to investigate the protective effects of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle against estradiol valerate-induced (EV) PCOS model of rats compared to metformin (Met) (as a control treatment). Methods: Intramuscular injection of EV (4 mg/kg, 28 days) was used to induce PCOS in rats, followed by oral administration of 500 mg/kg chitosan-propolis nanoparticle for 42 days. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, PCOS, metformin (PCOS and 150 mg/kg metformin), and chitosan-propolis nanoparticles (PCOS and chitosan-propolis nanoparticle administration, 500 mg/kg) groups. Results: All animals were subjected to serum factors analysis and histopathological study of ovaries. Estradiol valerate-induced induced PCOS while administration of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle recovered it. The body weight (P < 0.01) and ovarian morphology improved. The serum biochemical parameters, including estrogen (P < 0.05), progesterone (P < 0.001), vitamin D (P < 0.01), calcium (P < 0.01), and insulin resistance index (P < 0.05) were reversed after chitosan-propolis nanoparticle intervention. These EV-induced alterations included inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.05) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.001), and it was demonstrated that chitosan-propolis nanoparticle/Met administered for 42 consecutive days and gavages with EV reversed the oxidative stress factors. Additionally, in EV-treated animals, there was a significant upregulation of certain relative mRNA expressions, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) (P < 0.01), interleukin 18 (IL-18) (P < 0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.01) genes. These data clearly show that chitosan-propolis nanoparticle/Met may have a protective effect on this inflammatory disorder. Conclusions: Taken together, the final results of this study are consistent with the assumption that chitosan-propolis nanoparticle /Met had ameliorative and protective effects against the harmful effects of EV. Although it is hypothesized that ameliorative effects might have been involved, the fundamental pathways remain to be illuminated.
{"title":"Ameliorative Effect of Chitosan-Propolis Nanoparticles on the Estradiol Valerate-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model","authors":"Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini, Forouzan Khodaei, Zeynab Hasansagha, Hamidreza Khosravizadeh, Mostafa Abdollahi, Ehsaneh Azaryan","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-137193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-137193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting women. Previous research has shown that PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and immune system malfunctions. Also, the antioxidant effects of propolis and the positive effects of chitosan nanoparticles on the reproductive system have been demonstrated in some reports. Objectives: The current study is designed to investigate the protective effects of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle against estradiol valerate-induced (EV) PCOS model of rats compared to metformin (Met) (as a control treatment). Methods: Intramuscular injection of EV (4 mg/kg, 28 days) was used to induce PCOS in rats, followed by oral administration of 500 mg/kg chitosan-propolis nanoparticle for 42 days. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, PCOS, metformin (PCOS and 150 mg/kg metformin), and chitosan-propolis nanoparticles (PCOS and chitosan-propolis nanoparticle administration, 500 mg/kg) groups. Results: All animals were subjected to serum factors analysis and histopathological study of ovaries. Estradiol valerate-induced induced PCOS while administration of chitosan-propolis nanoparticle recovered it. The body weight (P < 0.01) and ovarian morphology improved. The serum biochemical parameters, including estrogen (P < 0.05), progesterone (P < 0.001), vitamin D (P < 0.01), calcium (P < 0.01), and insulin resistance index (P < 0.05) were reversed after chitosan-propolis nanoparticle intervention. These EV-induced alterations included inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.05) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.001), and it was demonstrated that chitosan-propolis nanoparticle/Met administered for 42 consecutive days and gavages with EV reversed the oxidative stress factors. Additionally, in EV-treated animals, there was a significant upregulation of certain relative mRNA expressions, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) (P < 0.01), interleukin 18 (IL-18) (P < 0.05), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.01) genes. These data clearly show that chitosan-propolis nanoparticle/Met may have a protective effect on this inflammatory disorder. Conclusions: Taken together, the final results of this study are consistent with the assumption that chitosan-propolis nanoparticle /Met had ameliorative and protective effects against the harmful effects of EV. Although it is hypothesized that ameliorative effects might have been involved, the fundamental pathways remain to be illuminated.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Mohammad Karimi, Maryam Salehcheh, Mohammad Rashno, Layasadat Khorsandi, Heibatullah Kalantari, Mohammad Javad Khodayar
Background: Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist used to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, is known to generate reactive oxygen species. Objectives: The research investigates the impact of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, on an MTX-induced mouse hepatotoxicity model. Methods: Forty-two mice were divided into 6 groups: control, MTX, DMF 120, and 3 groups of MTX co-treated with DMF 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg. Dimethyl fumarate was gavaged once daily for 10 days. On the fifth day, the animals received MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. On the eleventh day, the animals were sacrificed, and serum and liver samples were collected to assess the level of oxidative/anti-oxidative and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic markers. Results: Dimethyl fumarate prevented the increase of liver function enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induced by MTX (P < 0.001). It prevented the increase in AST and ALT levels, indicating liver recovery (P < 0.001). Furthermore, DMF restored antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total thiol while reducing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.001). Dimethyl fumarate also downregulated hepatic mRNA expression of caspase 3 and upregulated Bcl-2, heme oxygenase 1, and Nrf2 genes in MTX co-treated DMF groups. Conclusions: Dimethyl fumarate alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be achieved by the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Therefore, DMF may be clinically effective in preventing or treating MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
{"title":"Dimethyl Fumarate Attenuates Methotrexate Hepatotoxicity in Mice Via the Nrf2/HO-1/Anti-Apoptotic Signaling Pathway","authors":"Ali Mohammad Karimi, Maryam Salehcheh, Mohammad Rashno, Layasadat Khorsandi, Heibatullah Kalantari, Mohammad Javad Khodayar","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-139411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-139411","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist used to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, is known to generate reactive oxygen species. Objectives: The research investigates the impact of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, on an MTX-induced mouse hepatotoxicity model. Methods: Forty-two mice were divided into 6 groups: control, MTX, DMF 120, and 3 groups of MTX co-treated with DMF 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg. Dimethyl fumarate was gavaged once daily for 10 days. On the fifth day, the animals received MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally. On the eleventh day, the animals were sacrificed, and serum and liver samples were collected to assess the level of oxidative/anti-oxidative and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic markers. Results: Dimethyl fumarate prevented the increase of liver function enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induced by MTX (P < 0.001). It prevented the increase in AST and ALT levels, indicating liver recovery (P < 0.001). Furthermore, DMF restored antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total thiol while reducing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (P < 0.001). Dimethyl fumarate also downregulated hepatic mRNA expression of caspase 3 and upregulated Bcl-2, heme oxygenase 1, and Nrf2 genes in MTX co-treated DMF groups. Conclusions: Dimethyl fumarate alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis, which may be achieved by the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Therefore, DMF may be clinically effective in preventing or treating MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"34 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135271276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzaneh Ahmadi, Mona Pazhouhi, Mitra Bakhtiari, Fuzieh Khani-Hematabadi, Ali Ghanbari, Mohammadreza Gholami, Cyrus Jalili
Background: As the repair capacity of the nervous system is low, stem cell therapy is a trend for replacement therapy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into many tissues, such as neurons. Harmine (7-methoxy-1methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole) is an alkaloidal component of medicinal plants with a long history in traditional medicine. Alginate is a biocompatible hydrogel widely used as a biomaterial base in various scaffolds. Objectives: This study investigated whether harmine and encapsulation of cells in alginate hydrogel could improve DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. Methods: DPSCs were cultured under standard stem cell culture conditions, then encapsulated in alginate hydrogel, and treated with differentiation medium with and without harmine. After 14 days, cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry. Results: Harmine (5 and 10 μM) significantly increased the proliferation and viability of DPSCs compared to the control group in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems (P < 0.05). The expression levels of three neural cell markers (nestin, microtubule-associated protein [MAP-2], and β-tubulin III) in DPSCs-derived neural cells cultured in two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems were significantly increased in harmine-treated two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Either harmine or alginate hydrogel had an accelerating effect on DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. Harmine also increased the proliferation of the cells.
{"title":"The Effect of Harmine on Dental Pulp Stem Cells Differentiation Into Neural Cells in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures","authors":"Farzaneh Ahmadi, Mona Pazhouhi, Mitra Bakhtiari, Fuzieh Khani-Hematabadi, Ali Ghanbari, Mohammadreza Gholami, Cyrus Jalili","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-135563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-135563","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As the repair capacity of the nervous system is low, stem cell therapy is a trend for replacement therapy. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into many tissues, such as neurons. Harmine (7-methoxy-1methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole) is an alkaloidal component of medicinal plants with a long history in traditional medicine. Alginate is a biocompatible hydrogel widely used as a biomaterial base in various scaffolds. Objectives: This study investigated whether harmine and encapsulation of cells in alginate hydrogel could improve DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. Methods: DPSCs were cultured under standard stem cell culture conditions, then encapsulated in alginate hydrogel, and treated with differentiation medium with and without harmine. After 14 days, cell proliferation and differentiation were assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry. Results: Harmine (5 and 10 μM) significantly increased the proliferation and viability of DPSCs compared to the control group in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems (P < 0.05). The expression levels of three neural cell markers (nestin, microtubule-associated protein [MAP-2], and β-tubulin III) in DPSCs-derived neural cells cultured in two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems were significantly increased in harmine-treated two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture systems compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Either harmine or alginate hydrogel had an accelerating effect on DPSCs differentiation into neural cells. Harmine also increased the proliferation of the cells.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135942936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan Sabbagh, Zahra Eslamifar, Mehdi Goudarzi, Ali Ebrahimzadeh
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis is one of the serious side effects of methotrexate (MTX) treatment. It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in drug-induced side effects. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of Gallic acid (GA) against MTX-induced intestinal mucositis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7), including (1) control group; (2) GA group (Gallic acid: 30 mg/kg/day, orally); (3) MTX group (20 mg/kg, intra peritoneal (IP)); and (4) (MTX + GA) group (MTX: 20 mg/kg, IP and Gallic acid: 30 mg/kg/day, orally). Then amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed in serum samples and then the histopathological examinations of the duodenum and jejunum of animals groups. Results: The results showed that treatment with GA significantly reduced the MTX-induced elevation of serum MDA (P < 0.001), NO (P < 0.001), IL-2 (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001) contents and increased MTX-induced reduction in GSH (P < 0.001) content, GPx (P < 0.001) and SOD (P < 0.001) activity. In addition, the histopathological results showed that MTX leads to intestinal tissue damage, and Gallic acid can remarkably improve the pathological changes. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Gallic acid can mitigate oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory parameters and also moderately prevent histopathological damage of the small intestine of rats exposed to MTX.
{"title":"Gallic Acid Protects Against Methotrexate - Induced Intestinal Mucositis; Oxidative Stress, Histopathology and Inflammatory Status","authors":"Susan Sabbagh, Zahra Eslamifar, Mehdi Goudarzi, Ali Ebrahimzadeh","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-138661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-138661","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) mucositis is one of the serious side effects of methotrexate (MTX) treatment. It is known that oxidative stress plays an important role in drug-induced side effects. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of Gallic acid (GA) against MTX-induced intestinal mucositis in male Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7), including (1) control group; (2) GA group (Gallic acid: 30 mg/kg/day, orally); (3) MTX group (20 mg/kg, intra peritoneal (IP)); and (4) (MTX + GA) group (MTX: 20 mg/kg, IP and Gallic acid: 30 mg/kg/day, orally). Then amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were analyzed in serum samples and then the histopathological examinations of the duodenum and jejunum of animals groups. Results: The results showed that treatment with GA significantly reduced the MTX-induced elevation of serum MDA (P < 0.001), NO (P < 0.001), IL-2 (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001) contents and increased MTX-induced reduction in GSH (P < 0.001) content, GPx (P < 0.001) and SOD (P < 0.001) activity. In addition, the histopathological results showed that MTX leads to intestinal tissue damage, and Gallic acid can remarkably improve the pathological changes. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Gallic acid can mitigate oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory parameters and also moderately prevent histopathological damage of the small intestine of rats exposed to MTX.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Zirconium (Zr) is known to be one of the metal compounds. Due to low toxicity, this compound is frequently used in biosensors, dentistry, and treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the studies conducted on Zr toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Overall, it has been concluded that Zr can be a poisonous component because it disrupts many different tissues and cells when exposed for an extended period of time. It has been observed that Zr induces oxidative stress in cells, resulting in cell death. These nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to halt the cell cycle, breach various physiological barriers, and exert detrimental effects. As zirconium nanoparticle production is still under development, a standardized method has not been established. Consequently, the characteristics and functionality of these NPs may undergo alterations, potentially compromising their efficacy and safety.
{"title":"A Review of Toxicity Studies of Zirconium and Its Derivatives","authors":"Maryam Shirani, Reza Azadnasab, Masoumeh Baradaran, Saeedeh Shariati","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-137464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-137464","url":null,"abstract":": Zirconium (Zr) is known to be one of the metal compounds. Due to low toxicity, this compound is frequently used in biosensors, dentistry, and treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the studies conducted on Zr toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Overall, it has been concluded that Zr can be a poisonous component because it disrupts many different tissues and cells when exposed for an extended period of time. It has been observed that Zr induces oxidative stress in cells, resulting in cell death. These nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to halt the cell cycle, breach various physiological barriers, and exert detrimental effects. As zirconium nanoparticle production is still under development, a standardized method has not been established. Consequently, the characteristics and functionality of these NPs may undergo alterations, potentially compromising their efficacy and safety.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negar Yousefzadeh, Hasan Abolghasem Gorji, Hadi Hamidi, Aidin Aryankhesal
Background: Global advancement toward aging highlights inappropriate polypharmacy in the elderly as an increasingly critical health issue. Addressing this challenge can reduce adverse drug reactions and physical and cognitive impairments and improve older adults’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the technical aspect of polypharmacy management in the elderly with comorbidities through the socio-technical model for change management to help develop future roadmaps of current affairs. Methods: The present qualitative study was performed by conducting 35 semi-structured interviews with key informants selected by maximum variation purposive sampling in 2022. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation. To extract all factors in all domains of the health complex system, the WHO Health System Six Building Blocks factors were investigated through Leavitt’s socio-technical model for change management. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis with MAXQDA10 software. Results: The “Structure” and “Technology” dimensions of Leavitt’s model each consisted of two blocks of the WHO Framework. Regarding “Leadership & Governance” and “Financing” (structure), the following themes were identified: developing databases, optimizing homecare, and pharmaceutical cost management. In the blocks of “Medicine &Technology” and “information,” three other themes emerged: developing medicine formulations, innovative technologies, and technology-based self-care. The interviewees considered the “Structure” the most critical transitional factor in polypharmacy management. Conclusions: Stimulating, designing, and implementing strategies for polypharmacy change management requires identifying transitional factors by holistic approaches. Furthermore, shifting toward sustainable changes is possible based on well-developed infrastructures and adopting innovative, user-friendly technologies.
{"title":"Technical Factors Associated with Polypharmacy Management Through Leavitt’s Sociotechnical Model","authors":"Negar Yousefzadeh, Hasan Abolghasem Gorji, Hadi Hamidi, Aidin Aryankhesal","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-136748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-136748","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Global advancement toward aging highlights inappropriate polypharmacy in the elderly as an increasingly critical health issue. Addressing this challenge can reduce adverse drug reactions and physical and cognitive impairments and improve older adults’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the technical aspect of polypharmacy management in the elderly with comorbidities through the socio-technical model for change management to help develop future roadmaps of current affairs. Methods: The present qualitative study was performed by conducting 35 semi-structured interviews with key informants selected by maximum variation purposive sampling in 2022. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation. To extract all factors in all domains of the health complex system, the WHO Health System Six Building Blocks factors were investigated through Leavitt’s socio-technical model for change management. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis with MAXQDA10 software. Results: The “Structure” and “Technology” dimensions of Leavitt’s model each consisted of two blocks of the WHO Framework. Regarding “Leadership & Governance” and “Financing” (structure), the following themes were identified: developing databases, optimizing homecare, and pharmaceutical cost management. In the blocks of “Medicine &Technology” and “information,” three other themes emerged: developing medicine formulations, innovative technologies, and technology-based self-care. The interviewees considered the “Structure” the most critical transitional factor in polypharmacy management. Conclusions: Stimulating, designing, and implementing strategies for polypharmacy change management requires identifying transitional factors by holistic approaches. Furthermore, shifting toward sustainable changes is possible based on well-developed infrastructures and adopting innovative, user-friendly technologies.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Studies have reported certain side effects that occur with the use of conventional antidepressants limit their clinical use. Plant derivatives such as Rhus coriaria L extract can be used as alternatives for depression. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of R. coriaria in a mouse model and the role of the monoaminergic system in its mechanism of action. Methods: A total of 174 male NMRI mice were used. Thirty minutes after treating animals with common antidepressants and R. coriaria extract (25 - 200 mg/kg), the tail suspension test (TST) was performed. One hour after treating mice with serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic antagonists, 100 mg/kg of the extract was administered, and TST was performed after 30 minutes. Potential synergistic interactions between the extract and the sub-doses of fluoxetine (Flx) and imipramine (Imp) were also investigated. Injections were all administered intraperitoneally. Results: Rhus coriaria extract (50 - 200 mg/kg) induced antidepressant-like effects (P < 0.001) without altering animal locomotion in the open field test (OFT; P > 0.05). The tail suspension test showed that the antidepressant-like activity of the extract was blocked by pretreating with the above-mentioned antagonists (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The sub-dose of the extract also increased the efficiency of the sub-doses of common antidepressants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The extract showed antidepressant-like activity via the monoaminergic system and increased the efficiency of common antidepressants. We suggest adding dried R. coriaria extract powder to the formulation of common antidepressant agents following thorough clinical studies on the substance.
{"title":"Potential Antidepressant-Like Activity of Rhus coriaria L (Sumac) Ethanolic Extract: The Mechanism of Action via the Monoaminergic System in a Mouse Model","authors":"Mahsa Parizad, Saeid Abbasi Maleki","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-139330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-139330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies have reported certain side effects that occur with the use of conventional antidepressants limit their clinical use. Plant derivatives such as Rhus coriaria L extract can be used as alternatives for depression. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of R. coriaria in a mouse model and the role of the monoaminergic system in its mechanism of action. Methods: A total of 174 male NMRI mice were used. Thirty minutes after treating animals with common antidepressants and R. coriaria extract (25 - 200 mg/kg), the tail suspension test (TST) was performed. One hour after treating mice with serotonergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic antagonists, 100 mg/kg of the extract was administered, and TST was performed after 30 minutes. Potential synergistic interactions between the extract and the sub-doses of fluoxetine (Flx) and imipramine (Imp) were also investigated. Injections were all administered intraperitoneally. Results: Rhus coriaria extract (50 - 200 mg/kg) induced antidepressant-like effects (P < 0.001) without altering animal locomotion in the open field test (OFT; P > 0.05). The tail suspension test showed that the antidepressant-like activity of the extract was blocked by pretreating with the above-mentioned antagonists (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The sub-dose of the extract also increased the efficiency of the sub-doses of common antidepressants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The extract showed antidepressant-like activity via the monoaminergic system and increased the efficiency of common antidepressants. We suggest adding dried R. coriaria extract powder to the formulation of common antidepressant agents following thorough clinical studies on the substance.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lida Bakhtyari, L. Shirbeigi, M. Tabarrai, Roja Rahimi, A. Ayatollahi
Background: Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder that typically affects sun - exposed areas of the skin. Due to the challenges of conventional medicines, many dermatologic patients skew toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Herbal medicine, as the most popular modality of CAM, is an invaluable approach to finding treatments for dermatologic diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multi - herbal syrup, which included lemon balm, damask rose, and fennel, in patients with melasma. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, triple - blind, placebo - controlled clinical trial. A total of 110 patients (55 in the intervention group and 55 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study for a period of 12 weeks. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI), melanin, erythema, lightness, and pigmentation were used to assess the effectiveness of the syrup. The Melasma Quality of Life (MELASQOL) questionnaire was also completed by both groups. Results: The results of the comparison between the intervention and placebo groups indicated a significant difference observed in all parameters, including melanin (P = 0.017), lightness (P < 0.001), pigmentation (P < 0.001), MASI (P < 0.001), and MELASQOL (P = 0.019), except for erythema, which was marginally insignificant (P = 0.06). All parameter scores in the intervention group showed improvement (P < 0.05); however, in the placebo group, they remained insignificant or even worsened. Conclusions: The results suggest that this traditional multiherbal syrup can be considered a safe and effective treatment for melasma.
{"title":"Efficacy of a Polyherbal Syrup Containing Lemon Balm, Damask Rose, and Fennel to Treat Melasma: A Randomized, Triple - Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"Lida Bakhtyari, L. Shirbeigi, M. Tabarrai, Roja Rahimi, A. Ayatollahi","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-138392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-138392","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder that typically affects sun - exposed areas of the skin. Due to the challenges of conventional medicines, many dermatologic patients skew toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Herbal medicine, as the most popular modality of CAM, is an invaluable approach to finding treatments for dermatologic diseases. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multi - herbal syrup, which included lemon balm, damask rose, and fennel, in patients with melasma. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, triple - blind, placebo - controlled clinical trial. A total of 110 patients (55 in the intervention group and 55 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study for a period of 12 weeks. The Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI), melanin, erythema, lightness, and pigmentation were used to assess the effectiveness of the syrup. The Melasma Quality of Life (MELASQOL) questionnaire was also completed by both groups. Results: The results of the comparison between the intervention and placebo groups indicated a significant difference observed in all parameters, including melanin (P = 0.017), lightness (P < 0.001), pigmentation (P < 0.001), MASI (P < 0.001), and MELASQOL (P = 0.019), except for erythema, which was marginally insignificant (P = 0.06). All parameter scores in the intervention group showed improvement (P < 0.05); however, in the placebo group, they remained insignificant or even worsened. Conclusions: The results suggest that this traditional multiherbal syrup can be considered a safe and effective treatment for melasma.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Many recent studies have documented that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a safe supplement raise seizure thresholds. However, the evidence of seed oil supplements on seizure susceptibility remains controversial, and among them, Echium seed oil (EO) is a mixture of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs. Objectives: This study aimed to test the effects of the sub-chronic administration of EO on intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure threshold, considering its antioxidant activity and biochemical parameters. Methods: Fifty male mice were divided into five groups (10 in each), including control (no treatment), vehicle (sesame oil), and EO (1, 3, and 5 g/kg) groups. Vehicle and EO were administered p.o. once a day for four weeks. Then, the intravenous PTZ induced-seizure threshold was determined. Finally, the serum concentration of lipid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed. Results: Pretreatment with EO raised the seizure threshold dose-dependently compared to the vehicle. Pretreatment with EO had no adverse effect on the serum concentration of ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but at the dosages of 3 and 5 g/kg decreased the concentration of cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P < 0.05), and triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.01). Also, 1 and 3 g/kg of EO improved the activity of SOD (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Pretreatment with EO increases the seizure threshold without negative impacts on the liver and kidney biomarkers, correlated with its positive effects on antioxidant activity and serum lipid profiles.
{"title":"The Protective Effects of the Echium amoenum Seed Oil Against Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazole","authors":"H. Gavzan, A. Araghi, Ramazan Behzadi","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp-138748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp-138748","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many recent studies have documented that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a safe supplement raise seizure thresholds. However, the evidence of seed oil supplements on seizure susceptibility remains controversial, and among them, Echium seed oil (EO) is a mixture of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs. Objectives: This study aimed to test the effects of the sub-chronic administration of EO on intravenous pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure threshold, considering its antioxidant activity and biochemical parameters. Methods: Fifty male mice were divided into five groups (10 in each), including control (no treatment), vehicle (sesame oil), and EO (1, 3, and 5 g/kg) groups. Vehicle and EO were administered p.o. once a day for four weeks. Then, the intravenous PTZ induced-seizure threshold was determined. Finally, the serum concentration of lipid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed. Results: Pretreatment with EO raised the seizure threshold dose-dependently compared to the vehicle. Pretreatment with EO had no adverse effect on the serum concentration of ALP, AST, ALT, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but at the dosages of 3 and 5 g/kg decreased the concentration of cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P < 0.05), and triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.01). Also, 1 and 3 g/kg of EO improved the activity of SOD (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Pretreatment with EO increases the seizure threshold without negative impacts on the liver and kidney biomarkers, correlated with its positive effects on antioxidant activity and serum lipid profiles.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48823270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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