Rudabeh Rufchaei, Mahdi Abbas-Mohammadi, A. Mirzajani, Shiva Nedaei
Background: Water hyacinth (WH) is an aquatic weed and one of the most productive plants on earth, causing serious environmental problems. Herein, some nutritional and phytochemical constituents of WH were investigated. Methods: Chemical analysis of Eichhornia Crassipes was carried out to determine total ash, humidity, crude protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate contents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant were determined using the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, and HPLC was performed to quantify eight phenolic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were also evaluated. Results: The dry matter, total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and ether extract contents of WH constituted 9.4, 12.9, 24, 11.5, 49.9, and 1.7%, respectively. The total phenolic contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were 491.2 ± 31.9 and 258.3 ± 10.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried extract, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the hydro-methanolic extract (76.8 ± 7.8) was higher than that of the aqueous extract (46.1 ± 6). Ferulic acid was found to be the most abundant phenolic compound in both extracts. The antioxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were determined to be 221.52 and 97.07 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The aqueous and hydro-methanolic extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study indicated the applicability of WH as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Chemical Compounds and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaves of Eichhornia Crassipes (Water Hyacinth)","authors":"Rudabeh Rufchaei, Mahdi Abbas-Mohammadi, A. Mirzajani, Shiva Nedaei","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.101436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.101436","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Water hyacinth (WH) is an aquatic weed and one of the most productive plants on earth, causing serious environmental problems. Herein, some nutritional and phytochemical constituents of WH were investigated. Methods: Chemical analysis of Eichhornia Crassipes was carried out to determine total ash, humidity, crude protein, fat, fiber, and carbohydrate contents. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts of the plant were determined using the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, and HPLC was performed to quantify eight phenolic compounds. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were also evaluated. Results: The dry matter, total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and ether extract contents of WH constituted 9.4, 12.9, 24, 11.5, 49.9, and 1.7%, respectively. The total phenolic contents of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were 491.2 ± 31.9 and 258.3 ± 10.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of dried extract, respectively. The total flavonoid content of the hydro-methanolic extract (76.8 ± 7.8) was higher than that of the aqueous extract (46.1 ± 6). Ferulic acid was found to be the most abundant phenolic compound in both extracts. The antioxidant activities of the hydro-methanolic and aqueous extracts were determined to be 221.52 and 97.07 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The aqueous and hydro-methanolic extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study indicated the applicability of WH as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayed Mahdi Hossaeini Marashi, M. Hashemi, Enayat Berizi, M. Raeisi, S. M. A. Noori
: Food spoilage is one of the major elements of food insecurity that has acquired significant attention over recent decades due to global human population growth. Several studies have investigated increasing shelf life of food products using natural and environmentally friendly compounds. Whey protein (WP) can be an important additive material because it is well-known for its high value of nutrition and well characteristics for the formation of edible films. Furthermore, natural bioactive compounds have been incorporated with WP-based films to confer their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Herein, nanotechnology has been effectively potentiated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of WP films. A wide range of bioactive agents has been embedded in the WP films, such as essential oils (EOs), TiO2, nano-clay, and even lactic acid bacteria. The current paper reviews the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of different types of WP films and their applications in food products. This study also discussed the impact of WP films on shelf life, chemical and microbiological quality indices of meats, processed meats, poultry meat products, and fish.
{"title":"Elaboration of Whey Protein-Based Films in Food Products: Emphasis on the Addition of Natural Edible Bio-nanocomposites With Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity","authors":"Sayed Mahdi Hossaeini Marashi, M. Hashemi, Enayat Berizi, M. Raeisi, S. M. A. Noori","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.117046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.117046","url":null,"abstract":": Food spoilage is one of the major elements of food insecurity that has acquired significant attention over recent decades due to global human population growth. Several studies have investigated increasing shelf life of food products using natural and environmentally friendly compounds. Whey protein (WP) can be an important additive material because it is well-known for its high value of nutrition and well characteristics for the formation of edible films. Furthermore, natural bioactive compounds have been incorporated with WP-based films to confer their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Herein, nanotechnology has been effectively potentiated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of WP films. A wide range of bioactive agents has been embedded in the WP films, such as essential oils (EOs), TiO2, nano-clay, and even lactic acid bacteria. The current paper reviews the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of different types of WP films and their applications in food products. This study also discussed the impact of WP films on shelf life, chemical and microbiological quality indices of meats, processed meats, poultry meat products, and fish.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43524582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nimrouzi, Aniseh Saffar Shahroodi, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, B. Daneshfard
Context: Over the last decades, the prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25) and obesity (BMI > 30) is being the most important health challenge in urban populations. The relationship between obesity and the individual’s temperament has not been studied yet. Evidence Acquisition: This review aimed to study the causes of obesity, especially in middle-aged people, according to the new evidence of conventional medicine and findings of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) physicians cited in their books. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Iran Medex were also searched with keywords obesity and overweight for recent evidence in conventional medicine. Results: Based on the traditional medicine findings, dystemprament or disequilibrium in Mizaj may promote obesity in middle-aged and elderly people. The attenuation of innate heat and intrinsic moisture in middle age could increase the chance of overweight and obesity. Recent studies in modern nutrition reveal a linear relationship between diminishing the basal metabolic rate and increasing age, especially in middle age. Accordingly, cold/wet-tempered people have more efficient energy homeostasis than hot/dry-tempered people that is similar to individuals with Firmicutes gut microbiota predominance. People living in high altitudes and cold-dry climates maintain their innate heat better than people living in wet climates, which is in accordance with the increasing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in cold exposure, which decreases the chance of obesity. Conclusions: Based on traditional Persian medicine school, it is hypothesized that increasing age and diminishing innate heat besides the accumulation of phlegm (moisture) in the gastrointestinal tract of middle-aged individuals may be influential in altering gut microbiota and consequently obesity. It seems that there may be a correlation between cold/wet Mizaj and risk factors of obesity.
{"title":"Conceptual Relationship Between Traditional Persian Medicine and Modern Nutrition in Obesity in Middle Age","authors":"M. Nimrouzi, Aniseh Saffar Shahroodi, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, B. Daneshfard","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.107566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.107566","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Over the last decades, the prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25) and obesity (BMI > 30) is being the most important health challenge in urban populations. The relationship between obesity and the individual’s temperament has not been studied yet. Evidence Acquisition: This review aimed to study the causes of obesity, especially in middle-aged people, according to the new evidence of conventional medicine and findings of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) physicians cited in their books. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Iran Medex were also searched with keywords obesity and overweight for recent evidence in conventional medicine. Results: Based on the traditional medicine findings, dystemprament or disequilibrium in Mizaj may promote obesity in middle-aged and elderly people. The attenuation of innate heat and intrinsic moisture in middle age could increase the chance of overweight and obesity. Recent studies in modern nutrition reveal a linear relationship between diminishing the basal metabolic rate and increasing age, especially in middle age. Accordingly, cold/wet-tempered people have more efficient energy homeostasis than hot/dry-tempered people that is similar to individuals with Firmicutes gut microbiota predominance. People living in high altitudes and cold-dry climates maintain their innate heat better than people living in wet climates, which is in accordance with the increasing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in cold exposure, which decreases the chance of obesity. Conclusions: Based on traditional Persian medicine school, it is hypothesized that increasing age and diminishing innate heat besides the accumulation of phlegm (moisture) in the gastrointestinal tract of middle-aged individuals may be influential in altering gut microbiota and consequently obesity. It seems that there may be a correlation between cold/wet Mizaj and risk factors of obesity.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47416425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoomeh Nobahari, K. Shahanipour, S. Fatahian, R. Monajemi
Background: Curcumin, a bioactive component of Curcuma langa, has been investigated for its anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. Although results are very promising, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin are its main limitations for clinical application. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a drug delivery system, consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp) polymer and sodium alginate (NaAlg), covering the magnetic core of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), and loaded with curcumin in order to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, IONPs were prepared by the co-precipitation method and coated with HAp and NaAlg. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Encapsulation efficiency and curcumin loading rate were examined. Drug release rate was also measured in vitro at pH = 7.5 and 5.5. The toxicity of curcumin-loaded NPs and free curcumin was evaluated against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Results: The assessment of physicochemical characteristics showed the synthesis of spherical particles with nanometer sizes (5 - 7 nm) and a high encapsulation efficiency (84.16 ± 3.51 %) and drug loading capacity (21.03 ± 0.87%). Maximum drug release was obtained at pH = 5.5. Iron oxide nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxic effects. Curcumin-loaded coated IONPs showed a higher toxicity against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to free curcumin. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that the encapsulation of curcumin, as a potent herbal drug, into IONPs enhanced its bioavailability, suggesting the NPs as an efficient vehicle for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment.
{"title":"Curcumin-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Coated with Sodium Alginate and Hydroxyapatite and Their Cytotoxic Effects Against the HT-29 and MCF-7 Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Masoomeh Nobahari, K. Shahanipour, S. Fatahian, R. Monajemi","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.114572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.114572","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Curcumin, a bioactive component of Curcuma langa, has been investigated for its anti-proliferative effects against various cancer cell lines. Although results are very promising, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin are its main limitations for clinical application. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a drug delivery system, consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp) polymer and sodium alginate (NaAlg), covering the magnetic core of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), and loaded with curcumin in order to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: In this study, IONPs were prepared by the co-precipitation method and coated with HAp and NaAlg. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). Encapsulation efficiency and curcumin loading rate were examined. Drug release rate was also measured in vitro at pH = 7.5 and 5.5. The toxicity of curcumin-loaded NPs and free curcumin was evaluated against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Results: The assessment of physicochemical characteristics showed the synthesis of spherical particles with nanometer sizes (5 - 7 nm) and a high encapsulation efficiency (84.16 ± 3.51 %) and drug loading capacity (21.03 ± 0.87%). Maximum drug release was obtained at pH = 5.5. Iron oxide nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxic effects. Curcumin-loaded coated IONPs showed a higher toxicity against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to free curcumin. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that the encapsulation of curcumin, as a potent herbal drug, into IONPs enhanced its bioavailability, suggesting the NPs as an efficient vehicle for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45341074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hedieh Zadeh - Abbasi Zarandi, L. Shirani-Bidabadi, Abass Aghaei - Afshar, Mustafa Eghbalian, Jaafar Zolaala, Seyed Mansour Mir-Tadjedini, A. Saghafipour, Ehsan Salarkia
Background: Plant extracts or compounds derived from plants are a valuable source for finding new anti-leishmaniasis drugs. Objective: In this study, Capparis spinosa L., Ricinus communis, and Solanum luteum were used as lethal agents for the promastigotes of Leishmania major parasites in the culture medium. Methods: Diluted extracts of 12.5, 100, and 500 mg/mL were prepared from medicinal plant dried extracts. Glucantime at a concentration of 500 mg/mL was used as a positive control. Results: For all three extracts, concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/mL could kill promastigotes at higher rates and speeds compared to other concentrations. The high concentrations of extracts (500 mg/mL) presented similar effects. According to the findings, hydroalcoholic extract of C. Spinosa L. presented considerably lower antiparasitic effects, and S. luteum and R. communis extracts were could kill most of the parasitic promastigotes at higher doses. The ANOVA test did not show any significant viability percentage difference of Leishmania extracts between different extract types. Conclusions: In this study, the lethal effects of R. communis and S. luteum hydroalcoholic extracts on L. major promastigotes were found to be stronger than the C. Spinosa L. extract.
{"title":"In vitro evaluation of hydroalcoholic extracts of Capparis Spinosa L., Ricinus communis, and Solanum luteum on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) promastigotes.","authors":"Hedieh Zadeh - Abbasi Zarandi, L. Shirani-Bidabadi, Abass Aghaei - Afshar, Mustafa Eghbalian, Jaafar Zolaala, Seyed Mansour Mir-Tadjedini, A. Saghafipour, Ehsan Salarkia","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.115306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.115306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant extracts or compounds derived from plants are a valuable source for finding new anti-leishmaniasis drugs. Objective: In this study, Capparis spinosa L., Ricinus communis, and Solanum luteum were used as lethal agents for the promastigotes of Leishmania major parasites in the culture medium. Methods: Diluted extracts of 12.5, 100, and 500 mg/mL were prepared from medicinal plant dried extracts. Glucantime at a concentration of 500 mg/mL was used as a positive control. Results: For all three extracts, concentrations of 100 and 500 mg/mL could kill promastigotes at higher rates and speeds compared to other concentrations. The high concentrations of extracts (500 mg/mL) presented similar effects. According to the findings, hydroalcoholic extract of C. Spinosa L. presented considerably lower antiparasitic effects, and S. luteum and R. communis extracts were could kill most of the parasitic promastigotes at higher doses. The ANOVA test did not show any significant viability percentage difference of Leishmania extracts between different extract types. Conclusions: In this study, the lethal effects of R. communis and S. luteum hydroalcoholic extracts on L. major promastigotes were found to be stronger than the C. Spinosa L. extract.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41313464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pegah Nasiri, Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, M. Moosazadeh, Delaram Poorkazemi, Javad Mehrani Sabet
Context: Tooth brushing is a primary method to prevent the onset of oral diseases. Aloe vera is commonly used in dentistry as an herbal alternative due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial actions; recently, it has been used in toothpaste formulations as an active agent. This review aimed to investigate the clinical effects of A. vera as an active ingredient in toothpaste formulations. Materials and Methods: The data used in this review was extracted from articles published until 2020. We searched official databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct, using the “Aloe vera”, “dentifrice”, and “toothpaste” keywords. After screening titles and abstracts, relevant studies were used for full-text review. Results: Although conflicting results have been reported on the usage of A. vera toothpaste in different studies, the majority of findings suggest that A. vera effectively reduces periodontal indices and removes different organisms, including Streptococcus mutans. However, the overall effects of this herbal toothpaste were found to be equal to those of other commercial toothpaste. Conclusions: Aloe vera toothpaste is as beneficial as other kinds of toothpaste. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct agent in toothpaste due to its established effects on improving periodontal problems and reducing different oral cavity micro-organisms.
{"title":"The Potential of Aloe vera as an Active Ingredient in Toothpaste Formulations: A Narrative Review","authors":"Pegah Nasiri, Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, M. Moosazadeh, Delaram Poorkazemi, Javad Mehrani Sabet","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.117500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.117500","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Tooth brushing is a primary method to prevent the onset of oral diseases. Aloe vera is commonly used in dentistry as an herbal alternative due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial actions; recently, it has been used in toothpaste formulations as an active agent. This review aimed to investigate the clinical effects of A. vera as an active ingredient in toothpaste formulations. Materials and Methods: The data used in this review was extracted from articles published until 2020. We searched official databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Science Direct, using the “Aloe vera”, “dentifrice”, and “toothpaste” keywords. After screening titles and abstracts, relevant studies were used for full-text review. Results: Although conflicting results have been reported on the usage of A. vera toothpaste in different studies, the majority of findings suggest that A. vera effectively reduces periodontal indices and removes different organisms, including Streptococcus mutans. However, the overall effects of this herbal toothpaste were found to be equal to those of other commercial toothpaste. Conclusions: Aloe vera toothpaste is as beneficial as other kinds of toothpaste. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunct agent in toothpaste due to its established effects on improving periodontal problems and reducing different oral cavity micro-organisms.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Soft corals of the genus Sinularia are well recognized as a rich source of steroidal compounds. These constituents, mainly steroids, have been reported as possessing antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. Objectives: This study was designed to isolate and elucidate antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the soft coral Sinularia polydactila. Methods: Structure elucidation of steroids was determined based on spectroscopic data through 1D and 2D NMR analyses and mass spectrometry, with the results compared to data in the literature. Antibacterial activity was determined using four human bacterial pathogens, namely B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), and E. coli (ATCC 25922). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human colon cancer cell HCT 116 and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). Results: Two steroids (Compounds 1 - 2) were isolated from the Indonesian soft coral Sinularia polydactila. (22R,23R,24R)-22,23-methylene-24-methylcholest-6-en-5α,8α-epidioxy-3β-ol (1) and 5α,8α-Epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3α-ol (2) showed moderate activity against colon carcinoma cancer HCT 116 at the concentrations of 24.8 and 27.3 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality assay with the concentrations of 57.1 and 121.3 3 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2 showed moderate activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Conclusions: Two steroids isolated from soft coral Sinularia polydactila were found to possess moderate cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Potential of Two Steroids from the Indonesian Soft Coral Sinularia polydactila","authors":"M. Putra, F. Karim, Aji Nugroho","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.109432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.109432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soft corals of the genus Sinularia are well recognized as a rich source of steroidal compounds. These constituents, mainly steroids, have been reported as possessing antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. Objectives: This study was designed to isolate and elucidate antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the soft coral Sinularia polydactila. Methods: Structure elucidation of steroids was determined based on spectroscopic data through 1D and 2D NMR analyses and mass spectrometry, with the results compared to data in the literature. Antibacterial activity was determined using four human bacterial pathogens, namely B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), and E. coli (ATCC 25922). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human colon cancer cell HCT 116 and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). Results: Two steroids (Compounds 1 - 2) were isolated from the Indonesian soft coral Sinularia polydactila. (22R,23R,24R)-22,23-methylene-24-methylcholest-6-en-5α,8α-epidioxy-3β-ol (1) and 5α,8α-Epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3α-ol (2) showed moderate activity against colon carcinoma cancer HCT 116 at the concentrations of 24.8 and 27.3 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality assay with the concentrations of 57.1 and 121.3 3 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2 showed moderate activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Conclusions: Two steroids isolated from soft coral Sinularia polydactila were found to possess moderate cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elham Shakerian, R. Akbari, Narges Mohammad Taghvaei, Mehrnoosh Mohammadi Gahrooie, Reza Afarin
Background: Liver fibrosis has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis and can eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During fibrogenesis, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain active and continuously produce more extracellular matrix (ECM). Quercetin, one of the main flavonoids in vegetables, has shown hepatoprotective potential, but its effects on liver fibrosis are not apparent. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic activity of quercetin following stimulation of TGF-β in the LX-2 cell line (a type of HSC-derived cell line) and its underlying mechanism in vitro. Methods: The LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. Next, the cells were treated with quercetin for 24 h, and the mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen1α1, and p-Smad3 protein levels were measured. Results: The results showed that the expression of α-SMA, collagen 1α1 (COL1α1) genes, and also the level of p-Smad3 protein in the presence of TGF-β increased significantly compared to the control group. Moreover, quercetin in concentrations of 75 and 100 μM inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and COL1α1 genes and the p-Smad3 protein in LX-2 cells. Conclusions: We conclude that quercetin inhibits further activation of HSCs by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway and reduces ECM accumulation during liver fibrosis in vitro, and may prevent the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, the use of quercetin is suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
{"title":"Quercetin Reduces Hepatic Fibrogenesis by Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway in LX-2 Cell Line","authors":"Elham Shakerian, R. Akbari, Narges Mohammad Taghvaei, Mehrnoosh Mohammadi Gahrooie, Reza Afarin","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.113484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.113484","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Liver fibrosis has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis and can eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During fibrogenesis, the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain active and continuously produce more extracellular matrix (ECM). Quercetin, one of the main flavonoids in vegetables, has shown hepatoprotective potential, but its effects on liver fibrosis are not apparent. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic activity of quercetin following stimulation of TGF-β in the LX-2 cell line (a type of HSC-derived cell line) and its underlying mechanism in vitro. Methods: The LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. Next, the cells were treated with quercetin for 24 h, and the mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen1α1, and p-Smad3 protein levels were measured. Results: The results showed that the expression of α-SMA, collagen 1α1 (COL1α1) genes, and also the level of p-Smad3 protein in the presence of TGF-β increased significantly compared to the control group. Moreover, quercetin in concentrations of 75 and 100 μM inhibited TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and COL1α1 genes and the p-Smad3 protein in LX-2 cells. Conclusions: We conclude that quercetin inhibits further activation of HSCs by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway and reduces ECM accumulation during liver fibrosis in vitro, and may prevent the progression of liver fibrosis. Thus, the use of quercetin is suggested as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of liver fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44155423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cytokines are glycoprotein compounds with an important role in inducing and regulating inflammation. Objectives: The present study aimed to measure the effect of Aloe vera alcoholic extracts on inflammatory cytokines in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were purchased and randomly categorized into five groups, including two control groups (control and control fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and three experimental groups (high-fat diet + 150 mg/kg Aloe vera, high fat diet + 300 mg/kg Aloe vera, and high-fat diet + 600 mg/kg Aloe vera). The rats in the experimental groups received high-fat emulsion and three doses of Aloe vera for 60 days in the form of gavage. Following blood sampling, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) were measured. Statistical analysis was administered using SPSS-20 software by ANOVA test. Mean comparisons were conducted via Duncan’s multiple range test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings showed that a high-fat diet (HFD) could increase the concentrations of inflammatory factors TNF-α and TGF-β (P < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in the concentration of inflammatory factor IL-6 was observed at P < 0.01. No significant effects were observed in the mean concentration of INF-γ in the study groups. The use of Aloe vera gel extract considerably reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 in the Aloe vera extract-receiving groups. Conclusions: In general, the results of the present study revealed that Aloe vera alcoholic extract reduced inflammatory factors in the rats fed with a high-fat diet.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory Effect of Aloe vera Extract on Inflammatory Cytokines of Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet (HFD)","authors":"N. Yazdani, S. Hossini, M. Edalatmanesh","doi":"10.5812/JJNPP.114323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/JJNPP.114323","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cytokines are glycoprotein compounds with an important role in inducing and regulating inflammation. Objectives: The present study aimed to measure the effect of Aloe vera alcoholic extracts on inflammatory cytokines in rats fed with a high-fat diet. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were purchased and randomly categorized into five groups, including two control groups (control and control fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and three experimental groups (high-fat diet + 150 mg/kg Aloe vera, high fat diet + 300 mg/kg Aloe vera, and high-fat diet + 600 mg/kg Aloe vera). The rats in the experimental groups received high-fat emulsion and three doses of Aloe vera for 60 days in the form of gavage. Following blood sampling, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (INF-γ) were measured. Statistical analysis was administered using SPSS-20 software by ANOVA test. Mean comparisons were conducted via Duncan’s multiple range test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings showed that a high-fat diet (HFD) could increase the concentrations of inflammatory factors TNF-α and TGF-β (P < 0.05). Moreover, an increase in the concentration of inflammatory factor IL-6 was observed at P < 0.01. No significant effects were observed in the mean concentration of INF-γ in the study groups. The use of Aloe vera gel extract considerably reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 in the Aloe vera extract-receiving groups. Conclusions: In general, the results of the present study revealed that Aloe vera alcoholic extract reduced inflammatory factors in the rats fed with a high-fat diet.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehran Kamani, A. Ghanbari, M. Taghadosi, K. Mansouri, C. Jalili
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the deadliest human cancer. Temozolomide is now a part of postresection standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to temozolomide is a major obstacle to treatment success. Combination therapy with natural anticancer agents increases the activity of temozolomide against cancer cells. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of temozolomide in combination with harmine against GBM cells. Methods: Cancer cells were treated with temozolomide and/or harmine. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the viability of the cells was assessed by the MTT test. The combination index and dose reduction index were determined by CompuSyn software. Tumor invasion potential was investigated by evaluating cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. The real-time PCR technique was done to study the expression pattern of two genes involved in cancer cell invasion. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and differences were considered non-significant at P > 0.05. Results: After treatment with temozolomide, cell viability showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease, and the cells’ survival rate decreased. The combination of temozolomide and harmine had a synergistic effect. Also, temozolomide and/or harmine treatment decreased cancer cells’ migration, invasion, and adhesion potentials, as well as the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in T98G cells. Conclusions: The combination of temozolomide and harmine can be promising for the successful treatment of GBM.
{"title":"Harmine Augments the Cytotoxic and Anti-invasive Potential of Temozolomide Against Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells","authors":"Mehran Kamani, A. Ghanbari, M. Taghadosi, K. Mansouri, C. Jalili","doi":"10.5812/jjnpp.115464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.115464","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the deadliest human cancer. Temozolomide is now a part of postresection standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to temozolomide is a major obstacle to treatment success. Combination therapy with natural anticancer agents increases the activity of temozolomide against cancer cells. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of temozolomide in combination with harmine against GBM cells. Methods: Cancer cells were treated with temozolomide and/or harmine. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the viability of the cells was assessed by the MTT test. The combination index and dose reduction index were determined by CompuSyn software. Tumor invasion potential was investigated by evaluating cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. The real-time PCR technique was done to study the expression pattern of two genes involved in cancer cell invasion. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and differences were considered non-significant at P > 0.05. Results: After treatment with temozolomide, cell viability showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease, and the cells’ survival rate decreased. The combination of temozolomide and harmine had a synergistic effect. Also, temozolomide and/or harmine treatment decreased cancer cells’ migration, invasion, and adhesion potentials, as well as the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in T98G cells. Conclusions: The combination of temozolomide and harmine can be promising for the successful treatment of GBM.","PeriodicalId":17745,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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