Pub Date : 2020-05-07DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.20
R. Hiller, C. Hitchcock, V. Cobham
If left untreated, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can become chronic and significantly impact child and family functioning and general well-being. The first step to treating PTSD is to provide an assessment. This chapter provides an update on the evidence base for key measures for child and adolescent PTSD, including brief screening tools, symptom checklists, and diagnostic interviews. There is also a section specific to the more recently proposed preschool PTSD. Many of these tools are freely available, providing practitioners and services with relatively easily accessible evidence-based tools to best understand whether a young person may be experiencing elevated PTSD symptoms, ultimately informing the treatment approach to these young people.
{"title":"Assessing Trauma-Related Symptoms in Children and Adolescents","authors":"R. Hiller, C. Hitchcock, V. Cobham","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"If left untreated, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can become chronic and significantly impact child and family functioning and general well-being. The first step to treating PTSD is to provide an assessment. This chapter provides an update on the evidence base for key measures for child and adolescent PTSD, including brief screening tools, symptom checklists, and diagnostic interviews. There is also a section specific to the more recently proposed preschool PTSD. Many of these tools are freely available, providing practitioners and services with relatively easily accessible evidence-based tools to best understand whether a young person may be experiencing elevated PTSD symptoms, ultimately informing the treatment approach to these young people.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128730791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-07DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.36
Elissa McCarthy, J. Cook, S. Thorp
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in older adults has been linked to impairment in health and functioning, resulting in accelerated aging and increased healthcare utilization. The experience of trauma and associated mental health difficulties, including PTSD, may impact or be impacted by the aging process. It may also influence treatment engagement and outcome. Unfortunately, older adults are not well represented in PTSD treatment outcome studies. However, some of the evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD recommended by treatment guidelines have been investigated in older adults. Standard exposure therapies appear to work well for addressing PTSD symptoms in older adults during the treatment phase, but perhaps not as well during the maintenance phase compared to younger cohorts. The limits to clinical improvements in the available studies suggest a need for enhancing engagement and adherence for the older population. It has been suggested that benefits rendered by psychotherapies for severe, chronic PTSD may not be fully or accurately captured by standard self-report PTSD outcome measures. Additional clinical considerations are discussed regarding older adults with cognitive impairments or residing in long-term care facilities, as well as pharmacological considerations. Despite the limited PTSD treatment research with older adults, the evidence available to date suggests that older adults can benefit from evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD.
{"title":"PTSD At Late Life: Context and Treatment","authors":"Elissa McCarthy, J. Cook, S. Thorp","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in older adults has been linked to impairment in health and functioning, resulting in accelerated aging and increased healthcare utilization. The experience of trauma and associated mental health difficulties, including PTSD, may impact or be impacted by the aging process. It may also influence treatment engagement and outcome. Unfortunately, older adults are not well represented in PTSD treatment outcome studies. However, some of the evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD recommended by treatment guidelines have been investigated in older adults. Standard exposure therapies appear to work well for addressing PTSD symptoms in older adults during the treatment phase, but perhaps not as well during the maintenance phase compared to younger cohorts. The limits to clinical improvements in the available studies suggest a need for enhancing engagement and adherence for the older population. It has been suggested that benefits rendered by psychotherapies for severe, chronic PTSD may not be fully or accurately captured by standard self-report PTSD outcome measures. Additional clinical considerations are discussed regarding older adults with cognitive impairments or residing in long-term care facilities, as well as pharmacological considerations. Despite the limited PTSD treatment research with older adults, the evidence available to date suggests that older adults can benefit from evidence-based psychotherapies for PTSD.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123983709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-07DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.40
Heidi La Bash, S. Stirman
This chapter reviews current efforts to disseminate and implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), like cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure. As the body of empirical support for EBIs has been amassed and best practices identified, concerted efforts are being made to integrate EBIs for PTSD into behavioral health organizations. However, implementation is a complex, multi-faceted process, with a range of factors that can benefit or hinder efforts to diffuse an innovation. Working through each stage of implementation, these factors are reviewed from the initial stage of a needs assessment, through the preparation, active implementation, and finally sustained delivery stages. Factors discussed include those related to the broader sociopolitical and cultural context, the organization, the individuals providing and receiving treatment, as well as those specific to the characteristics of the intervention. Strategies to address these barriers and to amplify the effects of factors that facilitate implementation are also discussed. Finally, the chapter discusses future directions and remaining pressing issues for the field.
{"title":"Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence-Based Interventions for Adults with PTSD","authors":"Heidi La Bash, S. Stirman","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190088224.013.40","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews current efforts to disseminate and implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), like cognitive processing therapy and prolonged exposure. As the body of empirical support for EBIs has been amassed and best practices identified, concerted efforts are being made to integrate EBIs for PTSD into behavioral health organizations. However, implementation is a complex, multi-faceted process, with a range of factors that can benefit or hinder efforts to diffuse an innovation. Working through each stage of implementation, these factors are reviewed from the initial stage of a needs assessment, through the preparation, active implementation, and finally sustained delivery stages. Factors discussed include those related to the broader sociopolitical and cultural context, the organization, the individuals providing and receiving treatment, as well as those specific to the characteristics of the intervention. Strategies to address these barriers and to amplify the effects of factors that facilitate implementation are also discussed. Finally, the chapter discusses future directions and remaining pressing issues for the field.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124022793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0030
K. Chard, J. Schuster, P. Resick
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has been recognized by recent clinical practice guidelines as one of the most effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter provides a brief overview of the CPT session content, the underlying mechanisms of the therapy, a review of the empirically based literature outlining the treatment effectiveness, limitations of the therapy, and areas of future research. In addition, the authors discuss the utility of the various versions of CPT, including CPT+Account, group, individual, and combination. Further, the research supporting the effectiveness of CPT for treating PTSD related to a variety of traumas (e.g., combat, child abuse, and rape) and the significant impact CPT can have in areas of mental health related to PTSD (e.g., anger, guilt, social functioning) are described.
{"title":"Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: Cognitive Processing Therapy","authors":"K. Chard, J. Schuster, P. Resick","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has been recognized by recent clinical practice guidelines as one of the most effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter provides a brief overview of the CPT session content, the underlying mechanisms of the therapy, a review of the empirically based literature outlining the treatment effectiveness, limitations of the therapy, and areas of future research. In addition, the authors discuss the utility of the various versions of CPT, including CPT+Account, group, individual, and combination. Further, the research supporting the effectiveness of CPT for treating PTSD related to a variety of traumas (e.g., combat, child abuse, and rape) and the significant impact CPT can have in areas of mental health related to PTSD (e.g., anger, guilt, social functioning) are described.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123019497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0019
W. V. Zelst, A. Beekman
Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in older adults is still in its infancy despite reflections on this subject in past literature. Factors that influence assessment are traumas that occurred long in the past, lower prevalence, the fact that older people complain less, more misinterpretation of avoiding and intrusion symptoms, more somatic comorbidity, and higher risk of cognitive impairment. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is mostly used to diagnose PTSD, but is less researched in older individuals. Only two screening instruments have been validated specifically for older adults, the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD. The PCL scale has been used more often, has been translated in various languages, and is also suitable for clinician rating, which is considered more appropriate for older adults. The PCL-5, based on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria was researched in older veterans but needs further validation. Biological measures have not yet been adapted for assessment in the complex biological systems of older age. Multimethod assessment and computerized screening are becoming more important and can address many of the difficulties in this field. Finally, much can be learned from knowledge already acquired from younger adults.
{"title":"Psychometric Concerns in the Assessment of Trauma-Related Symptoms in Older Adults","authors":"W. V. Zelst, A. Beekman","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in older adults is still in its infancy despite reflections on this subject in past literature. Factors that influence assessment are traumas that occurred long in the past, lower prevalence, the fact that older people complain less, more misinterpretation of avoiding and intrusion symptoms, more somatic comorbidity, and higher risk of cognitive impairment. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is mostly used to diagnose PTSD, but is less researched in older individuals. Only two screening instruments have been validated specifically for older adults, the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD. The PCL scale has been used more often, has been translated in various languages, and is also suitable for clinician rating, which is considered more appropriate for older adults. The PCL-5, based on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria was researched in older veterans but needs further validation. Biological measures have not yet been adapted for assessment in the complex biological systems of older age. Multimethod assessment and computerized screening are becoming more important and can address many of the difficulties in this field. Finally, much can be learned from knowledge already acquired from younger adults.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124660270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0028
J. Hamblen, E. Barnett, Barbara A. Hermann, P. Schnurr
This chapter provides an overview of key concepts in designing and evaluating clinical trials, with a focus on randomized controlled trials for PTSD. The first section discusses design elements and how they influence the conclusions that can be drawn from a study. Examples from the trauma literature are provided when available to illustrate concepts. The second section explores newer developments in PTSD treatment trials. Specifically, it discusses treatment and design considerations related to common comorbid conditions of PTSD, adapting treatments for low-resource environments and optimizing treatment outcome. The chapter’s goal is to improve the ability of both clinicians and researchers to critically review PTSD clinical trials.
{"title":"PTSD Treatment Research: An Overview and Evaluation","authors":"J. Hamblen, E. Barnett, Barbara A. Hermann, P. Schnurr","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0028","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of key concepts in designing and evaluating clinical trials, with a focus on randomized controlled trials for PTSD. The first section discusses design elements and how they influence the conclusions that can be drawn from a study. Examples from the trauma literature are provided when available to illustrate concepts. The second section explores newer developments in PTSD treatment trials. Specifically, it discusses treatment and design considerations related to common comorbid conditions of PTSD, adapting treatments for low-resource environments and optimizing treatment outcome. The chapter’s goal is to improve the ability of both clinicians and researchers to critically review PTSD clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132299401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0015
C. Monson, S. Fredman, R. Dekel, A. Macdonald
This chapter reviews the extant literature on the interpersonal aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a focus on couple and family models of PTSD. Topics include the association of PTSD with a variety of family relationship problems in a range of traumatized populations. The role of relevant interpersonal constructs in the onset and maintenance of PTSD (e.g., social support, communication patterns) and the psychological effects of PTSD symptoms on family members and their interactions are discussed. In addition, models that take into account a range of relationship variables and the likely bidirectional association between individual and family functioning in PTSD are presented. Future directions for theory and research, as well as the clinical implications of this work, are outlined.
{"title":"Family Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"C. Monson, S. Fredman, R. Dekel, A. Macdonald","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the extant literature on the interpersonal aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a focus on couple and family models of PTSD. Topics include the association of PTSD with a variety of family relationship problems in a range of traumatized populations. The role of relevant interpersonal constructs in the onset and maintenance of PTSD (e.g., social support, communication patterns) and the psychological effects of PTSD symptoms on family members and their interactions are discussed. In addition, models that take into account a range of relationship variables and the likely bidirectional association between individual and family functioning in PTSD are presented. Future directions for theory and research, as well as the clinical implications of this work, are outlined.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126078344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0006
Quinn M. Biggs, Jennifer M. Guimond, C. Fullerton, R. Ursano, C. Gray, M. Goldenberg, Dori B. Reissman, J. McCarroll, Patcho N. Santiago, M. Tyler
Acute stress disorder (ASD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder characterized by exposure to a traumatic event closely followed by symptoms of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, arousal, and impairment in functioning. ASD’s time-limited duration (3 days to 1 month) makes it distinct from, but related to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is diagnosed after 1 month. Although there are no large-scale, population-based studies of ASD, smaller studies have examined rates of ASD in select populations following a variety of traumatic events. The prevalence of ASD varies widely depending on the type of traumatic event and the population. The highest rates are in victims of sexual assault and violent crime, with more moderate rates in victims of motor vehicle accidents, burns, illness, disaster, war, and terrorism. Female gender, younger age, and a history of prior trauma, PTSD, or other mental health disorders are risk factors for ASD.
{"title":"The Epidemiology of Acute Stress Disorder and Other Early Responses to Trauma in Adults","authors":"Quinn M. Biggs, Jennifer M. Guimond, C. Fullerton, R. Ursano, C. Gray, M. Goldenberg, Dori B. Reissman, J. McCarroll, Patcho N. Santiago, M. Tyler","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Acute stress disorder (ASD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder characterized by exposure to a traumatic event closely followed by symptoms of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, arousal, and impairment in functioning. ASD’s time-limited duration (3 days to 1 month) makes it distinct from, but related to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is diagnosed after 1 month. Although there are no large-scale, population-based studies of ASD, smaller studies have examined rates of ASD in select populations following a variety of traumatic events. The prevalence of ASD varies widely depending on the type of traumatic event and the population. The highest rates are in victims of sexual assault and violent crime, with more moderate rates in victims of motor vehicle accidents, burns, illness, disaster, war, and terrorism. Female gender, younger age, and a history of prior trauma, PTSD, or other mental health disorders are risk factors for ASD.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127783735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0024
T. Au, C. Silva, E. Delaney, B. Litz
This chapter provides an overview of individual and small group–based approaches for prevention and early intervention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Using the Institute of Medicine’s classification system for preventive interventions of mental disorders (universal, selective, and indicated), the chapter describes individual and small group early interventions and reviews the effectiveness of these strategies. Specifically, psychological debriefing, psychological first aid, and psychoeducation have been used with varying degrees of success as selective interventions targeting individuals exposed to trauma. However, there is strong empirical support for using cognitive behavioral therapy as an indicated preventive intervention to help symptomatic individuals in the weeks or months following traumatic exposure. A review of the literature also suggests that future research should explore different modes of delivery and devote more attention to determining the best time to intervene after traumatic exposure.
{"title":"Individual Approaches to Prevention and Early Intervention","authors":"T. Au, C. Silva, E. Delaney, B. Litz","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0024","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of individual and small group–based approaches for prevention and early intervention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Using the Institute of Medicine’s classification system for preventive interventions of mental disorders (universal, selective, and indicated), the chapter describes individual and small group early interventions and reviews the effectiveness of these strategies. Specifically, psychological debriefing, psychological first aid, and psychoeducation have been used with varying degrees of success as selective interventions targeting individuals exposed to trauma. However, there is strong empirical support for using cognitive behavioral therapy as an indicated preventive intervention to help symptomatic individuals in the weeks or months following traumatic exposure. A review of the literature also suggests that future research should explore different modes of delivery and devote more attention to determining the best time to intervene after traumatic exposure.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115700177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-24DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0035
D. Hinton, A. Nickerson
Although there is much research on the treatment of posttraumatic psychological reactions in survivors of civilian trauma, there is much less empirical evidence to drive interventions with survivors of other kinds of trauma, including persecution, torture, and sexual abuse, particularly in other cultural groups. This chapter illustrates some of the factors that should be taken into consideration when treating such populations. The chapter is divided into sections that address key issues relevant to special populations of trauma survivors: type of trauma, current stressors, comorbidity, anger, cultural issues such as culturally specific interpretations of trauma-related symptoms, and bereavement. The implications of these issues for the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers are examined. As this chapter indicates, the treatment of traumatic distress in special populations warrants more research to ensure that the optimal psychological interventions are available to such highly traumatized groups.
{"title":"Treating Trauma-Related Symptoms in Special Populations","authors":"D. Hinton, A. Nickerson","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780195399066.013.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is much research on the treatment of posttraumatic psychological reactions in survivors of civilian trauma, there is much less empirical evidence to drive interventions with survivors of other kinds of trauma, including persecution, torture, and sexual abuse, particularly in other cultural groups. This chapter illustrates some of the factors that should be taken into consideration when treating such populations. The chapter is divided into sections that address key issues relevant to special populations of trauma survivors: type of trauma, current stressors, comorbidity, anger, cultural issues such as culturally specific interpretations of trauma-related symptoms, and bereavement. The implications of these issues for the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers are examined. As this chapter indicates, the treatment of traumatic distress in special populations warrants more research to ensure that the optimal psychological interventions are available to such highly traumatized groups.","PeriodicalId":177564,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders, Second Edition","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116882946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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