{"title":"Observations on the Seasonal Abundance of Sorghum Midge","authors":"A. Zukoff","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"28 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91506262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Beginning in 2012, research was conducted near Garden City and Tribune, KS, to determine the effect of a single tillage operation every 3 years on grain yields in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. Treatments included no-till, single tillage post wheat harvest in mid-August, and single tillage mid-June during the fallow phase. This study was revised with two additional more intensive tillage treatments since 2019. The two additional treatments were 1) two tillage operations during the fallow phase and 2) one tillage during fallow phase and one tillage post wheat harvest. Grain yield varied greatly by year and location. Wheat yields ranged across years from mid-20s to 90 bu/a at Tribune and less than 10 to 100 bu/a at Garden City. Grain sorghum yields ranged from 40 to greater than 140 bu/a, depending upon year and location. Wheat yields tended to be greater with a single or two tillage operations during the fallow phase, and less with single tillage post wheat harvest at Garden City. Grain sorghum yield was less at Tribune when tilled post wheat harvest. This indicates that if a single tillage operation is needed to control troublesome weeds, that tillage during fallow prior to wheat planting may be better than tillage after wheat harvest. This study supports the hypothesis that if herbicide-resistant weed populations are high enough to cause yield reductions, then tillage might improve yields.
{"title":"Occasional Tillage in a Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation: 2022 Growing Season","authors":"J. Holman, A. Obour, L. Haag, Mikaela A. Lawrence","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8488","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Beginning in 2012, research was conducted near Garden City and Tribune, KS, to determine the effect of a single tillage operation every 3 years on grain yields in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. Treatments included no-till, single tillage post wheat harvest in mid-August, and single tillage mid-June during the fallow phase. This study was revised with two additional more intensive tillage treatments since 2019. The two additional treatments were 1) two tillage operations during the fallow phase and 2) one tillage during fallow phase and one tillage post wheat harvest. Grain yield varied greatly by year and location. Wheat yields ranged across years from mid-20s to 90 bu/a at Tribune and less than 10 to 100 bu/a at Garden City. Grain sorghum yields ranged from 40 to greater than 140 bu/a, depending upon year and location. Wheat yields tended to be greater with a single or two tillage operations during the fallow phase, and less with single tillage post wheat harvest at Garden City. Grain sorghum yield was less at Tribune when tilled post wheat harvest. This indicates that if a single tillage operation is needed to control troublesome weeds, that tillage during fallow prior to wheat planting may be better than tillage after wheat harvest. This study supports the hypothesis that if herbicide-resistant weed populations are high enough to cause yield reductions, then tillage might improve yields.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88723570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary Integrating cover crops (CCs) in dryland crop production in the semiarid central Great Plains (CGP) can provide several ecosystem benefits. However, CC adoption has been slow in the CGP because CCs utilize water that otherwise would be available for the subsequent cash crop. Grazing CCs can provide economic benefits to offset revenue loss associated with decreased crop yields when CCs are grown ahead of a cash crop. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 through 2022 to quantify effects of grazing CCs on soil bulk density, aggregate stability, and chemical properties across western Kansas. At the Kansas State University HB Ranch near Brownell, KS, grazed CCs were compared to non-grazed CCs and fallow in a wheat-sorghum-fallow rotation. The on-farm study evaluated CCs grazed with yearlings or cow-calf pairs compared to non-grazed CCs across seven site-years on producer fields in western Kansas (Alexander and Hays) and central Kansas (Marquette). Averaged across 8 years, hayed and grazed CCs removed 71% and 40%, respectively, of available CC biomass at Brownell. Across on-farm sites, CC residue after grazing averaged 2210 lb/a compared to 3475 lb/a for the non-grazed CCs, representing a 36% decrease in CC biomass with grazing. Grazing days across farms ranged from 25 to 54 days with average daily gain of 1.2 to 3.11 lb/d. Soil characteristics including bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate size distribution, and mean weight diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates were not different between grazed and non-grazed CCs. Cover crops tended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration compared to fallow or initial SOC levels in some site-years. For example, SOC measured at the surface 0-to 2-inch depth near Hays, KS, in spring 2019 was 1.4%, which was significantly less than the 2.1% SOC measured in 2021 after two cycles of grazing CCs at this location. Penetration resistance measured after grazing in 2021 averaged 52.2 and 49.3 psi for the grazed and non-grazed CCs at Marquette, KS. Similarly, penetration resistance averaged 75.4 psi with grazed and non-grazed CCs at Alexander, KS. The penetration resistance measured across locations and CC management strategies was below the threshold of 300 psi that will limit root growth. Based on findings of this study, integrating CCs with livestock can be a strategy for producers to balance profitability and soil health in dryland crop production in western Kansas.
{"title":"Grazing Cover Crops Improved Soil Health in Dryland Cropping Systems","authors":"A. Obour, J. Holman, L. Simon, S. Johnson","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8486","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Integrating cover crops (CCs) in dryland crop production in the semiarid central Great Plains (CGP) can provide several ecosystem benefits. However, CC adoption has been slow in the CGP because CCs utilize water that otherwise would be available for the subsequent cash crop. Grazing CCs can provide economic benefits to offset revenue loss associated with decreased crop yields when CCs are grown ahead of a cash crop. Field experiments were conducted from 2015 through 2022 to quantify effects of grazing CCs on soil bulk density, aggregate stability, and chemical properties across western Kansas. At the Kansas State University HB Ranch near Brownell, KS, grazed CCs were compared to non-grazed CCs and fallow in a wheat-sorghum-fallow rotation. The on-farm study evaluated CCs grazed with yearlings or cow-calf pairs compared to non-grazed CCs across seven site-years on producer fields in western Kansas (Alexander and Hays) and central Kansas (Marquette). Averaged across 8 years, hayed and grazed CCs removed 71% and 40%, respectively, of available CC biomass at Brownell. Across on-farm sites, CC residue after grazing averaged 2210 lb/a compared to 3475 lb/a for the non-grazed CCs, representing a 36% decrease in CC biomass with grazing. Grazing days across farms ranged from 25 to 54 days with average daily gain of 1.2 to 3.11 lb/d. Soil characteristics including bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate size distribution, and mean weight diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates were not different between grazed and non-grazed CCs. Cover crops tended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration compared to fallow or initial SOC levels in some site-years. For example, SOC measured at the surface 0-to 2-inch depth near Hays, KS, in spring 2019 was 1.4%, which was significantly less than the 2.1% SOC measured in 2021 after two cycles of grazing CCs at this location. Penetration resistance measured after grazing in 2021 averaged 52.2 and 49.3 psi for the grazed and non-grazed CCs at Marquette, KS. Similarly, penetration resistance averaged 75.4 psi with grazed and non-grazed CCs at Alexander, KS. The penetration resistance measured across locations and CC management strategies was below the threshold of 300 psi that will limit root growth. Based on findings of this study, integrating CCs with livestock can be a strategy for producers to balance profitability and soil health in dryland crop production in western Kansas.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78722462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviton and Vida with Tank Mixtures for Fallow Weed Control","authors":"R. Currie, P. Geier","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80124487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2023 Cattlemen’s Day Full Report","authors":"L. Boyle","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79738396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lucero, A. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, L. Mayor, I. Ciampitti
Summary Studying changes in plant canopy can help to improve plant architecture and increase yields. Specifically, for sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.), characterizing and identifying relevant canopy traits can be helpful not only to improve its productivity but to better fit this crop in the rotation from a system perspective. With this purpose, morphological characteristics of 20 sorghum hybrids were measured during the 2022 growing season in Wamego, KS, U.S. (United States). The most relevant canopy traits examined were leaf angle and leaf area at leaf-and at canopy-level (leaf area index, LAI), all determined at different points of the crop growth cycle (seventh-leaf, V7, flowering, and physiological maturity). Furthermore, duration of the vegetative and reproductive phases were also recorded as days to flowering, and days to maturity. A conditional decision tree analysis was employed to cluster the hybrids according to their variation in canopy characteristics and impact on yield. In summary, end of season LAI (at physiological maturity) was one of the most relevant plant canopy traits to group the hybrids and it accounted for ~70% of the variation. Hybrids with high LAI at V7 and low LAI at maturity, in addition to their longer time to maturity, presented greater yields. These findings can lead to future investigation using the same traits under different climatic conditions.
{"title":"Impact of Different Plant Canopy Traits on Sorghum Yields","authors":"M. Lucero, A. Carcedo, L. Marziotte, L. Mayor, I. Ciampitti","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8466","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Studying changes in plant canopy can help to improve plant architecture and increase yields. Specifically, for sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.), characterizing and identifying relevant canopy traits can be helpful not only to improve its productivity but to better fit this crop in the rotation from a system perspective. With this purpose, morphological characteristics of 20 sorghum hybrids were measured during the 2022 growing season in Wamego, KS, U.S. (United States). The most relevant canopy traits examined were leaf angle and leaf area at leaf-and at canopy-level (leaf area index, LAI), all determined at different points of the crop growth cycle (seventh-leaf, V7, flowering, and physiological maturity). Furthermore, duration of the vegetative and reproductive phases were also recorded as days to flowering, and days to maturity. A conditional decision tree analysis was employed to cluster the hybrids according to their variation in canopy characteristics and impact on yield. In summary, end of season LAI (at physiological maturity) was one of the most relevant plant canopy traits to group the hybrids and it accounted for ~70% of the variation. Hybrids with high LAI at V7 and low LAI at maturity, in addition to their longer time to maturity, presented greater yields. These findings can lead to future investigation using the same traits under different climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78509361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Previous Crop Impacts Winter Wheat Sowing Dates, Available Water at Sowing, and Grain Yield","authors":"L. Simão, A. Patrignani, S. Cominelli, R. Lollato","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82546548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil health is a critical determinant of plant performance. This manuscript describes how the physical, chemical, and biological components within the soil interact to create good soil health. Soil structure is important to provide support for plants, nutrient and water cycling, decreased compaction, and more efficient carbon storage. Measurements of soil properties are presented that can be done in the field on any soil.
{"title":"Critical Soil Health Parameters to Improve Crop Production","authors":"G. Sassenrath, B. Pedreira, C. A. Pires","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8446","url":null,"abstract":"Soil health is a critical determinant of plant performance. This manuscript describes how the physical, chemical, and biological components within the soil interact to create good soil health. Soil structure is important to provide support for plants, nutrient and water cycling, decreased compaction, and more efficient carbon storage. Measurements of soil properties are presented that can be done in the field on any soil.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84313780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2023 the Author(s).
{"title":"2021-2022 Kansas State University Industrial Hemp Cannabidiol (CBD) Research Report","authors":"J. Griffin","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8456","url":null,"abstract":"This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 2023 the Author(s).","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89399914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trends from a tillage study conducted since 2011 have shown no clear differences between tillage systems for either corn or soybeans in lighter soils under irrigation. One year out of eight years has shown a yield advantage for either corn or soybeans for any tillage system, which appears to be related to environmental conditions experienced during the season. Averaged across all years of the study, the treatments with deep tillage either every or every-other year had about 4.5% higher corn yields, and soybeans had up to a 3.2% yield increase with some form of tillage.
{"title":"Tillage Study for Corn and Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, and No-Tillage / Year 10","authors":"E. Adee","doi":"10.4148/2378-5977.8467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.8467","url":null,"abstract":"Trends from a tillage study conducted since 2011 have shown no clear differences between tillage systems for either corn or soybeans in lighter soils under irrigation. One year out of eight years has shown a yield advantage for either corn or soybeans for any tillage system, which appears to be related to environmental conditions experienced during the season. Averaged across all years of the study, the treatments with deep tillage either every or every-other year had about 4.5% higher corn yields, and soybeans had up to a 3.2% yield increase with some form of tillage.","PeriodicalId":17773,"journal":{"name":"Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75269528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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