Core-shell nanoparticles were used in a unique direct UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique to detect the S-naproxen enantiomer. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) covered with sodium alginate (Alg) shell, a naturally occurring biopolymer, made the core of the nanostructure. To name a few, TEM, FESEM, UV-Visible, DLS, ZP, AFM, XRD, EDX and FT-IR are among the analytical methods used to analyze the creation of the core-shell structure. Based on obtained results, spherical Ag@ Alg NPs with an average size of 27.4 nm (DTEM), hydrolytic size of 46 nm (DDLS) and surface charge of -60.9 mV were successfully synthesized. The effect of various reaction time and pH values on determining the s-naproxen enantiomer by Ag@ Alg NPs was investigated. Determining the maximum S-naproxen enantiomer was at a reaction time of 8 min and pH 8. According to the international council for the harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) guidelines, the detection limit and quantitative limit of S-naproxen enantiomer were determined to be 1.87x10-4 mol/L and 5.64 x 10-4 mol /L. This clearly indicates that the alginate-coated silver na-noparticle
{"title":"Synthesizing of Alginate Coated-Silver Nanoparticles Core-Shell for Detecting of S-naproxen Enantiomer in Pharmaceutical Formulation","authors":"Abdolrasol Barazandeh, Ghasem Najafpour-Darz, Afshar Alihossein, Sohrab Kazemi","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3314","url":null,"abstract":"Core-shell nanoparticles were used in a unique direct UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique to detect the S-naproxen enantiomer. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) covered with sodium alginate (Alg) shell, a naturally occurring biopolymer, made the core of the nanostructure. To name a few, TEM, FESEM, UV-Visible, DLS, ZP, AFM, XRD, EDX and FT-IR are among the analytical methods used to analyze the creation of the core-shell structure. Based on obtained results, spherical Ag@ Alg NPs with an average size of 27.4 nm (DTEM), hydrolytic size of 46 nm (DDLS) and surface charge of -60.9 mV were successfully synthesized. The effect of various reaction time and pH values on determining the s-naproxen enantiomer by Ag@ Alg NPs was investigated. Determining the maximum S-naproxen enantiomer was at a reaction time of 8 min and pH 8. According to the international council for the harmonization of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) guidelines, the detection limit and quantitative limit of S-naproxen enantiomer were determined to be 1.87x10-4 mol/L and 5.64 x 10-4 mol /L. This clearly indicates that the alginate-coated silver na-noparticle","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rusna di, Mar’atus Sholihah, Nurrahmi Handayani, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar
The contamination of wastewater by Rhodamine B (RhB) poses a significant environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aesthetics, ecosystems, and human well-being. This study successfully synthesized eco-friendly egg-shell-alginate composites (EACs) as adsorbents by combining alginate solution, eggshell powder, and a 2% CaCl2 solu-tion. Characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM, TGA, and SAA were employed to analyze the EACs. FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to -OH groups, C=O groups, C-O groups, and the pres-ence of CO32-. The structural analysis confirmed the physical mixture of functional groups from eggshells and alginate, resulting in a homogeneous EACs mixture. TGA analysis demonstrated the decomposition of eggshell calcium car-bonate (CaCO3), yielding calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the 700-800°C temperature range. SAA results indicated that EACs exhibited a mesoporous structure (average pore diameter: 20-500 Å) and a higher sur-face area (6.102 m2/g) compared to eggshells. The adsorption capacity of EACs for RhB was investigated by evaluating contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration. Characterization results validated the successful synthesis of EACs with enhanced thermal resistance compared to Ca-alginate. Sorption studies demonstrated the potential of EACs as effective adsorbents for RhB removal from aqueous solutions, following the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 151.51 mg/g. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics exhibited a pseudo-second-order mod-el. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that RhB adsorption onto EACs was exothermic (negative ΔHo) and spontaneous (negative ΔGo). The results underscore the potency of EACs as highly efficient adsorbents for the remediation of RhB-contaminated water bodies.
{"title":"Eggshell-alginate composites (EACs) as eco-friendly adsorbents for Rhodamine B uptake from aqueous solutions","authors":"Rusna di, Mar’atus Sholihah, Nurrahmi Handayani, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3317","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of wastewater by Rhodamine B (RhB) poses a significant environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aesthetics, ecosystems, and human well-being. This study successfully synthesized eco-friendly egg-shell-alginate composites (EACs) as adsorbents by combining alginate solution, eggshell powder, and a 2% CaCl2 solu-tion. Characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM, TGA, and SAA were employed to analyze the EACs. FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to -OH groups, C=O groups, C-O groups, and the pres-ence of CO32-. The structural analysis confirmed the physical mixture of functional groups from eggshells and alginate, resulting in a homogeneous EACs mixture. TGA analysis demonstrated the decomposition of eggshell calcium car-bonate (CaCO3), yielding calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the 700-800°C temperature range. SAA results indicated that EACs exhibited a mesoporous structure (average pore diameter: 20-500 Å) and a higher sur-face area (6.102 m2/g) compared to eggshells. The adsorption capacity of EACs for RhB was investigated by evaluating contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial concentration. Characterization results validated the successful synthesis of EACs with enhanced thermal resistance compared to Ca-alginate. Sorption studies demonstrated the potential of EACs as effective adsorbents for RhB removal from aqueous solutions, following the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 151.51 mg/g. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics exhibited a pseudo-second-order mod-el. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that RhB adsorption onto EACs was exothermic (negative ΔHo) and spontaneous (negative ΔGo). The results underscore the potency of EACs as highly efficient adsorbents for the remediation of RhB-contaminated water bodies.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous proteins found in humans are poorly understood because there is a dearth of experimental evidence. Hypothetical proteins (HPs) or uncharacterized proteins are the terms used to describe these proteins. In this work, one of these proteins, Q9BRX8, is investigated using in-silico or bioinformatics tools to reveal its significant properties. In this regard, NCBI for the sequence retrieval, ProtParam tool for analysis of physiochemical properties, SOPMA for secondary structure prediction, SWISS-Model for homology modelling, STRING for protein-protein interaction and HDOCK for protein-protein docking analysis among other tools, were incorporated. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that Q9BRX8, which has an instability score of 32.57, is a stable protein. It was identified in other cellular compartments, such as the cytosol, mitochondria, etc., where it may be betrothed in a variety of cellular functions, according to the sub-cellular localization studies. In addition, its secondary structure consists of high percentage of alpha helices (44.10%), among other components. Additionally, it was discovered through protein-protein interactions that this protein belongs to FAM213A family suggesting that it may function as antioxidant and affect bone resorption among other crucial functions. While, molecular docking analysis indicated that Q9BRX8 had a larger degree of similarity with the HLA-G protein, scoring -332.53kcal/mol. It can be hypothesized that the functions of Q9BRX8 and the HLA-G may be associated as a result of this similarity.
{"title":"Multiple structural and functional annotations based in-silico characterization of Q9BRX8 protein","authors":"Eiman Zahid, Muhammad Farhan Sarwar","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3320","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous proteins found in humans are poorly understood because there is a dearth of experimental evidence. Hypothetical proteins (HPs) or uncharacterized proteins are the terms used to describe these proteins. In this work, one of these proteins, Q9BRX8, is investigated using in-silico or bioinformatics tools to reveal its significant properties. In this regard, NCBI for the sequence retrieval, ProtParam tool for analysis of physiochemical properties, SOPMA for secondary structure prediction, SWISS-Model for homology modelling, STRING for protein-protein interaction and HDOCK for protein-protein docking analysis among other tools, were incorporated. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that Q9BRX8, which has an instability score of 32.57, is a stable protein. It was identified in other cellular compartments, such as the cytosol, mitochondria, etc., where it may be betrothed in a variety of cellular functions, according to the sub-cellular localization studies. In addition, its secondary structure consists of high percentage of alpha helices (44.10%), among other components. Additionally, it was discovered through protein-protein interactions that this protein belongs to FAM213A family suggesting that it may function as antioxidant and affect bone resorption among other crucial functions. While, molecular docking analysis indicated that Q9BRX8 had a larger degree of similarity with the HLA-G protein, scoring -332.53kcal/mol. It can be hypothesized that the functions of Q9BRX8 and the HLA-G may be associated as a result of this similarity.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benine Chaima, D. A. Boutlelis, Laiche Ammar Touhami, Tlili Hajer, Tliba Ali, B. Abdelkarim, Najjaa Hanen
Abstract This study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and evaluate the biological activities of the aqueous extract of H. Scoparia, an endemic plant found in Southeastern Algeria. The aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, RP-HPLC, and FT-IR analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using the protein denaturation method, and the photoprotective activity was evaluated using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The study found the presence of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, tannins, and saponins. This study suggests that H. Scoparia extract has the potential as a natural source of bio-actives for developing drugs. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The study revealed that H. Scoparia extract demonstrated excellent photoprotective activity against UV, and significant biological activities in vitro.
{"title":"In vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and photoprotective activities of aqueous extract of the endemic plant Hammada scoparia L. from Algeria","authors":"Benine Chaima, D. A. Boutlelis, Laiche Ammar Touhami, Tlili Hajer, Tliba Ali, B. Abdelkarim, Najjaa Hanen","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3310","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and evaluate the biological activities of the aqueous extract of H. Scoparia, an endemic plant found in Southeastern Algeria. The aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, RP-HPLC, and FT-IR analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using the protein denaturation method, and the photoprotective activity was evaluated using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The study found the presence of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, tannins, and saponins. This study suggests that H. Scoparia extract has the potential as a natural source of bio-actives for developing drugs. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The study revealed that H. Scoparia extract demonstrated excellent photoprotective activity against UV, and significant biological activities in vitro.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48046543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigated the treatment of textile wastewater contaminated with Acid Black 210 dye (AB210) using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through adsorption and photocatalytic techniques. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a green synthesis process involving eucalyptus leaves as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, XRD, BET, Zeta potential, and FTIR techniques. The BET analysis revealed a specific surface area and total pore volume of 26.318 m 2 /g. SEM images confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the particles, with a particle size of 73.4 nm. A photoreactor was designed to facilitate the photo-degradation process. The study investigated the influence of key variables on the adsorption and photocatalytic break-down of AB210. The results indicated that under optimal conditions (AB210 concentration: 5 mg/L, ZnO NPs dosage: 0.75 g/L, pH: 5, and temperature: 45 °C), the removal efficiency after 180 minutes of adsorption was 62%. However, in the case of photo-degradation, complete removal of 5 mg/L AB210 was achieved within 30 minutes at a pH of 7, UV intensity of 24 W/m 2 , and temperature of 45 °C. The adsorption process exhibited the best fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Various adsorption isotherms, including Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin models, were studied, and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data (see Supplementary Materials). Fur-thermore, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and favorable, with Δ G°, Δ H°, and Δ S° values of -0.782 kJ/mol, 26.93 kJ/mol, and 0.086 kJ.mol/K, respectively
{"title":"Biogenesis Synthesis of ZnO NPs: Its adsorption and photocatalytic activity for removal of acid black 210 dye","authors":"Zahraa A. Najm, M. Atiya, A. K. Hassan","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated the treatment of textile wastewater contaminated with Acid Black 210 dye (AB210) using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through adsorption and photocatalytic techniques. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a green synthesis process involving eucalyptus leaves as reducing and capping agents. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX, XRD, BET, Zeta potential, and FTIR techniques. The BET analysis revealed a specific surface area and total pore volume of 26.318 m 2 /g. SEM images confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the particles, with a particle size of 73.4 nm. A photoreactor was designed to facilitate the photo-degradation process. The study investigated the influence of key variables on the adsorption and photocatalytic break-down of AB210. The results indicated that under optimal conditions (AB210 concentration: 5 mg/L, ZnO NPs dosage: 0.75 g/L, pH: 5, and temperature: 45 °C), the removal efficiency after 180 minutes of adsorption was 62%. However, in the case of photo-degradation, complete removal of 5 mg/L AB210 was achieved within 30 minutes at a pH of 7, UV intensity of 24 W/m 2 , and temperature of 45 °C. The adsorption process exhibited the best fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Various adsorption isotherms, including Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin models, were studied, and the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental data (see Supplementary Materials). Fur-thermore, thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and favorable, with Δ G°, Δ H°, and Δ S° values of -0.782 kJ/mol, 26.93 kJ/mol, and 0.086 kJ.mol/K, respectively","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45295667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Wireless Video Sensor Networks (WVSNs) are networks of low-cost, low-power camera sensor nodes. These nodes communicate locally and process information to meet an application's goal. WVSNs are extensively used in diverse monitoring applications, such as security, military, industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring. However, the transmission of large amounts of data collected by video sensor nodes in WVSNs poses challenges in terms of energy consumption, bandwidth usage, and network congestion. Reducing energy for processing and transmitting data in WVSNs is difficult due to the huge amount of sensed data in real-time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme (ODaTReS) for energy conservation in WVSNs. The data reduction by the ODaTReS is based on two phases: the sensing phase and the transmission phase. ODaTReS adapts the frame rate to limit the number of video frames captured during the sensing phase. It does this by using three efficient techniques: ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF), Brute-Force (BF) Matcher, and Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS). During the transmission phase, we use an adaptive transmission threshold that is responsible for deciding whether to transmit the current captured frame or remove it. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ODaTReS. The proposed ODaTReS outperforms the FRABID method in terms of data reduction and energy consumption. The results reveal that ODaTReS reduced the transmitted data by 80%, compared to 43% for the FRABID method. This reduction in data transmission contributes to a decrease in the total energy consumed, which is reduced to 141.22 joules compared to the FRABID method, which consumes 173.16 joules of energy.
{"title":"Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme for Energy Conservation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks","authors":"Iman K. Abbood, A. Idrees","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wireless Video Sensor Networks (WVSNs) are networks of low-cost, low-power camera sensor nodes. These nodes communicate locally and process information to meet an application's goal. WVSNs are extensively used in diverse monitoring applications, such as security, military, industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring. However, the transmission of large amounts of data collected by video sensor nodes in WVSNs poses challenges in terms of energy consumption, bandwidth usage, and network congestion. Reducing energy for processing and transmitting data in WVSNs is difficult due to the huge amount of sensed data in real-time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an Online Data Transmission Reduction Scheme (ODaTReS) for energy conservation in WVSNs. The data reduction by the ODaTReS is based on two phases: the sensing phase and the transmission phase. ODaTReS adapts the frame rate to limit the number of video frames captured during the sensing phase. It does this by using three efficient techniques: ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF), Brute-Force (BF) Matcher, and Grid-based Motion Statistics (GMS). During the transmission phase, we use an adaptive transmission threshold that is responsible for deciding whether to transmit the current captured frame or remove it. Several experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ODaTReS. The proposed ODaTReS outperforms the FRABID method in terms of data reduction and energy consumption. The results reveal that ODaTReS reduced the transmitted data by 80%, compared to 43% for the FRABID method. This reduction in data transmission contributes to a decrease in the total energy consumed, which is reduced to 141.22 joules compared to the FRABID method, which consumes 173.16 joules of energy.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Bagale, A. Kadi, Artem Malinin, Varisha Anjum, I. Potoroko
Abstract The article discusses about the possibility of comparing the impact of ultrasonic treatment on fucolam and sodium algi-nate. The purpose was to study the effect of micronization on the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucolam, analyzing its dispersed state and accessibility by reducing its molecular weight and increasing antioxidant activity. The optimization of the micronization process was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method, with a sonication time ranging from 15 to 45 min, power ranging from 50 to 100 W/cm2, and temperature between 30 °C and 40 °C. The fixed lower fucolam concentration was 0.1%. The results illustrated that sonochemical treatment significantly decreased the molecular weight (Mw) of fucolam compared to sodium alginate. Using BBD, the ideal treatment conditions for fu-colam were 31 °C, 62 W/cm2, and 36 min, resulting in a lower molecular weight (180 kDa), particle size (231 nm), and antioxidant activity (AOA) of 81% compared to sodium alginate, which had an Mw of 2046 kDa and an AOA of 43%. Antioxidant activity tests showed a significant increase due to the sonication treatment. The findings suggest that soni-cation treatment may be a valuable strategy to lower fucolam levels with minimal structural damage, as observed in scanning microscope images
{"title":"Ultrasound assisted comparative study of fucolam and so-dium alginate and impact on their physiochemical proper-ties using Box-Behnken Design","authors":"U. Bagale, A. Kadi, Artem Malinin, Varisha Anjum, I. Potoroko","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article discusses about the possibility of comparing the impact of ultrasonic treatment on fucolam and sodium algi-nate. The purpose was to study the effect of micronization on the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucolam, analyzing its dispersed state and accessibility by reducing its molecular weight and increasing antioxidant activity. The optimization of the micronization process was carried out using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method, with a sonication time ranging from 15 to 45 min, power ranging from 50 to 100 W/cm2, and temperature between 30 °C and 40 °C. The fixed lower fucolam concentration was 0.1%. The results illustrated that sonochemical treatment significantly decreased the molecular weight (Mw) of fucolam compared to sodium alginate. Using BBD, the ideal treatment conditions for fu-colam were 31 °C, 62 W/cm2, and 36 min, resulting in a lower molecular weight (180 kDa), particle size (231 nm), and antioxidant activity (AOA) of 81% compared to sodium alginate, which had an Mw of 2046 kDa and an AOA of 43%. Antioxidant activity tests showed a significant increase due to the sonication treatment. The findings suggest that soni-cation treatment may be a valuable strategy to lower fucolam levels with minimal structural damage, as observed in scanning microscope images","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45213571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract According to World Health Organization data, Coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected about 660, 378, 145 patients around the world. It is nonetheless difficult for physicians to detect COVID-19 infections out of CT or X-ray radiographs. Thus, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on deep learning and radiographs were developed to detect COVID-19 infections. However, the majority of approaches considered small datasets, which is ineligible to provide diverse COVID-19 radiographs. This work utilizes a massive number of X-ray radiographs, and compared standard CNN, DenseNet-121, and GoogLeNet for isolating COVID-19 infections out from normal and other pneumonia radiographs. The dataset in this work is large enough to evaluate the realistic performance of those models in labeling COVID-19 infections. Considering the time complexity, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, the experimental results shows that the DenseNet-121 is not only the optimal model, but also there is superior for standard CNN compared to the second output of GoogLeNet, which is an unexplained phenomenon.
{"title":"Deep Learning-based CAD System for Predicting the COVID-19 X-ray Images","authors":"Aqeel R. Talib, H. M. Ali","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract According to World Health Organization data, Coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected about 660, 378, 145 patients around the world. It is nonetheless difficult for physicians to detect COVID-19 infections out of CT or X-ray radiographs. Thus, several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on deep learning and radiographs were developed to detect COVID-19 infections. However, the majority of approaches considered small datasets, which is ineligible to provide diverse COVID-19 radiographs. This work utilizes a massive number of X-ray radiographs, and compared standard CNN, DenseNet-121, and GoogLeNet for isolating COVID-19 infections out from normal and other pneumonia radiographs. The dataset in this work is large enough to evaluate the realistic performance of those models in labeling COVID-19 infections. Considering the time complexity, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, the experimental results shows that the DenseNet-121 is not only the optimal model, but also there is superior for standard CNN compared to the second output of GoogLeNet, which is an unexplained phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45806055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. M. Wijayanti, M. H. Widyananda, L. Muflikhah, N. Widodo
Abstract The spike (S) protein is a major antigenicity site that targets neutralizing antibodies and drugs. The growing number of S protein mutations has become a severe problem for developing effective vaccines. Here, we investigated four severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that were the most infectious and widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine the trends and patterns of mutation-induced changes in the stability, B-cell epitope, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The data showed that the Beta and Gamma variants had three mutations on the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is the specific site on the S protein for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) binding. The Delta variant had only two mutations, whereas the Omicron variant had 15 mutations on the RBD. The results showed that the stability of the S protein varied and depended on the mutation type and that Gamma and Omicron are the most stable of the four variants analyzed. The S protein–hACE2 complexes of the Beta and Gamma variants were relatively stable after 20 ns of simulation compared with those of the Delta and Omicron variants. We predicted that the B-cell epitopes of the mutant S protein would be different from those of the wildtype. Moreover, the antigenicity of Omicron changed drastically compared with that of the other variants. Bioinformatics analysis and a molecular dynamic simulation revealed that the mutations affected the stability of the S protein. A large number of mutations do not always stabilize the S protein. Mutations in Omicron significantly altered the B-cell epitope and antigenicity, which decreased vaccine effectiveness. These findings provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 evolution for vaccine development.
{"title":"Mutation-Induced Changes in the Stability, B-Cell Epitope, and Antigenicity of the Sars-Cov-2 Variant Spike Protein: A Comparative Computational Stud","authors":"N. M. Wijayanti, M. H. Widyananda, L. Muflikhah, N. Widodo","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3311","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The spike (S) protein is a major antigenicity site that targets neutralizing antibodies and drugs. The growing number of S protein mutations has become a severe problem for developing effective vaccines. Here, we investigated four severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that were the most infectious and widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine the trends and patterns of mutation-induced changes in the stability, B-cell epitope, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The data showed that the Beta and Gamma variants had three mutations on the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is the specific site on the S protein for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) binding. The Delta variant had only two mutations, whereas the Omicron variant had 15 mutations on the RBD. The results showed that the stability of the S protein varied and depended on the mutation type and that Gamma and Omicron are the most stable of the four variants analyzed. The S protein–hACE2 complexes of the Beta and Gamma variants were relatively stable after 20 ns of simulation compared with those of the Delta and Omicron variants. We predicted that the B-cell epitopes of the mutant S protein would be different from those of the wildtype. Moreover, the antigenicity of Omicron changed drastically compared with that of the other variants. Bioinformatics analysis and a molecular dynamic simulation revealed that the mutations affected the stability of the S protein. A large number of mutations do not always stabilize the S protein. Mutations in Omicron significantly altered the B-cell epitope and antigenicity, which decreased vaccine effectiveness. These findings provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 evolution for vaccine development.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Various methods for representing the spatial orientation and rotation of objects are presented and compared with the quantum bit state representation. By contrasting spherical, Euler angle, quaternion, and quantum spin coordinate systems, this work highlights important concepts regarding the rotation axis of the X gate. Several ambiguities and incomplete definitions associated with the qubit state representation are discussed, such as the spin around the qubit itself and the explanation of the considered rotation angles and signs. A mathematical analysis of the physical meaning of each eigenstate is provided along with a new comprehensive and meaningful YPR-based 3D representation of a qubit state.
{"title":"Representing quantum spins in different coordinate systems for modelling rigid body orientation","authors":"N. Zioui, Aicha Mahmoudi, M. Tadjine","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3313","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Various methods for representing the spatial orientation and rotation of objects are presented and compared with the quantum bit state representation. By contrasting spherical, Euler angle, quaternion, and quantum spin coordinate systems, this work highlights important concepts regarding the rotation axis of the X gate. Several ambiguities and incomplete definitions associated with the qubit state representation are discussed, such as the spin around the qubit itself and the explanation of the considered rotation angles and signs. A mathematical analysis of the physical meaning of each eigenstate is provided along with a new comprehensive and meaningful YPR-based 3D representation of a qubit state.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48399331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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