Haya Fathana, Rahmi Rahmi, Muhammad Adlim, Surya Lubis
In this study, a glycidyl methacrylate-grafted cellulose/chitosan (GMA-g-Cell/Chi) film was successfully prepared and characterized. GMA-g-Cell was obtained from the grafting process of cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The cellulose grafting process was obtained using 20% GMA for 4 hours at 60oC. The percentage of grafting (PG) and grafting efficiency (GE) values for these parameters were 516 and 60.28%, respectively. Chitosan was modified with GMA-g-Cell and has higher adsorption capacity and tensile strength than chitosan. The adsorption kinetics tend to follow the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model, with Qe and k1 being 7 mg/g and 0.067 g/mg. minute. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) as a consequence was 182.37 mg/g. Thermodynamic data showed that the methylene blue adsorption process occurred physically and spontaneously.
{"title":"Modification of Chitosan Using Glycidyl Methacrylate-grafted Cellulose (GMAgCell/ Chi) for Methylene Blue Adsorption","authors":"Haya Fathana, Rahmi Rahmi, Muhammad Adlim, Surya Lubis","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3322","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a glycidyl methacrylate-grafted cellulose/chitosan (GMA-g-Cell/Chi) film was successfully prepared and characterized. GMA-g-Cell was obtained from the grafting process of cellulose derived from sugarcane bagasse using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The cellulose grafting process was obtained using 20% GMA for 4 hours at 60oC. The percentage of grafting (PG) and grafting efficiency (GE) values for these parameters were 516 and 60.28%, respectively. Chitosan was modified with GMA-g-Cell and has higher adsorption capacity and tensile strength than chitosan. The adsorption kinetics tend to follow the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics model, with Qe and k1 being 7 mg/g and 0.067 g/mg. minute. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) as a consequence was 182.37 mg/g. Thermodynamic data showed that the methylene blue adsorption process occurred physically and spontaneously.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usman Tariq, Irfan Ahmed, Muhammad Attique Khan, Ali Kashif Bashir
The rapid growth and increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in our everyday lives create exciting opportunities for human involvement, data integration, and seamless automation. This fully interconnected ecosystem considerably impacts crucial aspects of our lives, such as transportation, healthcare, energy management, and urban infrastructure. However, alongside the immense benefits, the widespread adoption of IoT also brings a complex web of security threats that can influence society, policy, and infrastructure conditions. IoT devices are particularly vulnerable to security violations, and industrial routines face potentially damaging vulnerabilities. To ensure a trustworthy and robust security framework, it is crucial to tackle the diverse challenges involved. This survey paper aims to aid researchers by categorizing attacks and vulnerabilities based on their targets. It provides a detailed analysis of attack methods and proposes effective countermeasures for each attack category. The paper also highlights case studies of critical IoT applications, showcasing security solutions. In addition to traditional cryptographic approaches, this work explores emerging technologies like Quantum Crypto Physical Unclonable Functions (QC-PUFs) and blockchain, discussing their pros and cons in securing IoT environments. The research identifies and examines attacks, vulnerabilities, and security measures and endeavors to impact the overall understanding of IoT security. The insights and findings presented here will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, guiding the development of resilient security mechanisms to ensure the trustworthy and safe operation of IoT ecosystems.
{"title":"Fortifying IoT against crimpling cyber-attacks: a systematic review","authors":"Usman Tariq, Irfan Ahmed, Muhammad Attique Khan, Ali Kashif Bashir","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3329","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth and increasing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in our everyday lives create exciting opportunities for human involvement, data integration, and seamless automation. This fully interconnected ecosystem considerably impacts crucial aspects of our lives, such as transportation, healthcare, energy management, and urban infrastructure. However, alongside the immense benefits, the widespread adoption of IoT also brings a complex web of security threats that can influence society, policy, and infrastructure conditions. IoT devices are particularly vulnerable to security violations, and industrial routines face potentially damaging vulnerabilities. To ensure a trustworthy and robust security framework, it is crucial to tackle the diverse challenges involved. This survey paper aims to aid researchers by categorizing attacks and vulnerabilities based on their targets. It provides a detailed analysis of attack methods and proposes effective countermeasures for each attack category. The paper also highlights case studies of critical IoT applications, showcasing security solutions. In addition to traditional cryptographic approaches, this work explores emerging technologies like Quantum Crypto Physical Unclonable Functions (QC-PUFs) and blockchain, discussing their pros and cons in securing IoT environments. The research identifies and examines attacks, vulnerabilities, and security measures and endeavors to impact the overall understanding of IoT security. The insights and findings presented here will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, guiding the development of resilient security mechanisms to ensure the trustworthy and safe operation of IoT ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of the Internet and network services coupled with the growth of communication infrastructure necessitates the employment of intelligent systems. The complexity of the network is heightened by these systems, as they offer diverse services contingent on traffic type, user needs, and security considerations. In this context, a service function chain offers a toolkit to facilitate the management of intricate network systems. However, various traffic types require dynamic adaptation in the sets of function chains. The problem of optimizing the order of service functions in the chain must be solved using the proposed approach, along with balancing the network load and enhancement of net-work security. In addition, the delay issue must be resolved by selecting an optimal path to establish a connection. The proposed system provides a set of intelligent function chains that can adaptively optimize the network performance while considering dynamic traffic demands using SDNs and Q-learning. The proposed system can significantly improve the overall efficiency, scalability, and adaptability of the network while also providing a better quality of service to end-users. Compared with traditional software-defined networks, the simulation results of the proposed system showed an improvement in throughput of up to 76%, accompanied by a reduction in the level of link congestion. The results also exhibit an improvement of up to 54% compared with state-of-the-art load balancing. In particular, in terms of the FTP performance, our proposed system outperforms existing approaches by up to 20%.
{"title":"Smart Service Function Chain System for Dynamic Traffic Steering using Reinforcement Learning (CHRL)","authors":"Ahmed Nadhum, Ahmed Al-Saadi","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3326","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of the Internet and network services coupled with the growth of communication infrastructure necessitates the employment of intelligent systems. The complexity of the network is heightened by these systems, as they offer diverse services contingent on traffic type, user needs, and security considerations. In this context, a service function chain offers a toolkit to facilitate the management of intricate network systems. However, various traffic types require dynamic adaptation in the sets of function chains. The problem of optimizing the order of service functions in the chain must be solved using the proposed approach, along with balancing the network load and enhancement of net-work security. In addition, the delay issue must be resolved by selecting an optimal path to establish a connection. The proposed system provides a set of intelligent function chains that can adaptively optimize the network performance while considering dynamic traffic demands using SDNs and Q-learning. The proposed system can significantly improve the overall efficiency, scalability, and adaptability of the network while also providing a better quality of service to end-users. Compared with traditional software-defined networks, the simulation results of the proposed system showed an improvement in throughput of up to 76%, accompanied by a reduction in the level of link congestion. The results also exhibit an improvement of up to 54% compared with state-of-the-art load balancing. In particular, in terms of the FTP performance, our proposed system outperforms existing approaches by up to 20%.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed R. Almasaoodi, Abdulbasit M. A. Sabaawi, Sara El Gaily, Sándor Imre
In the past decades, many quantum algorithms have been developed. The main obstacle that prevents the widespread implementation of these algorithms is the small size of the available quantum computer in terms of qubits. Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) holds the promise of handling this issue by delegating computation to quantum remote devices. Here, we introduce a novel Constrained Quantum Genetic Algorithm (CQGA) that selects the optimum extreme (minimum or maximum) value of a constrained goal function (or a vast unsorted database) with very low computational complexity. Since the convergence speed to the optimal solution for the Constrained Classical Genetic Algorithm (CCGA) is highly dependent on the level of quality of the initially selected potential solutions, the CCGA's heuristic initialization stage is replaced by a quantum one. This is achieved by exploiting the strengths of the Constrained Quantum Optimization Algorithm (CQOA) and the BQC. The proposed CQGA is applied as an embedded computational infrastructure for the uplink multi-cell massive MIMO system. The algorithm maximizes the energy efficiency (EE) of the uplink massive MIMO while considering different users target bit rate classes. Simulation results show that the suggested CQGA maximizes energy efficiency through careful computation of the optimal transmit power for each active user using fewer computational steps than the CCGA. We demonstrated that when the overall transmit power set or the overall number of active users increases, the CQGA keeps executing a smaller number of generation steps compared to the CCGA. For instance, if we consider a scenario where the overall number of active users () is set to 18, the CQGA finds the optimal solution with a smaller number of generation steps equal to 6, while the CCGA takes a larger number of generation steps, reaching 65.
{"title":"New Quantum Genetic Algorithm Based on Constrained Quantum Optimization","authors":"Mohammed R. Almasaoodi, Abdulbasit M. A. Sabaawi, Sara El Gaily, Sándor Imre","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3325","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decades, many quantum algorithms have been developed. The main obstacle that prevents the widespread implementation of these algorithms is the small size of the available quantum computer in terms of qubits. Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) holds the promise of handling this issue by delegating computation to quantum remote devices. Here, we introduce a novel Constrained Quantum Genetic Algorithm (CQGA) that selects the optimum extreme (minimum or maximum) value of a constrained goal function (or a vast unsorted database) with very low computational complexity. Since the convergence speed to the optimal solution for the Constrained Classical Genetic Algorithm (CCGA) is highly dependent on the level of quality of the initially selected potential solutions, the CCGA's heuristic initialization stage is replaced by a quantum one. This is achieved by exploiting the strengths of the Constrained Quantum Optimization Algorithm (CQOA) and the BQC. The proposed CQGA is applied as an embedded computational infrastructure for the uplink multi-cell massive MIMO system. The algorithm maximizes the energy efficiency (EE) of the uplink massive MIMO while considering different users target bit rate classes. Simulation results show that the suggested CQGA maximizes energy efficiency through careful computation of the optimal transmit power for each active user using fewer computational steps than the CCGA. We demonstrated that when the overall transmit power set or the overall number of active users increases, the CQGA keeps executing a smaller number of generation steps compared to the CCGA. For instance, if we consider a scenario where the overall number of active users () is set to 18, the CQGA finds the optimal solution with a smaller number of generation steps equal to 6, while the CCGA takes a larger number of generation steps, reaching 65.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azha Talal Mohammed Ali, Huda Hallawi, Noor D. Al-Shakarchy
The rapid expansion of human-software-agent interaction has come with new issues. Accordingly, different engage-ments are necessary to adapt to changing human needs in dynamic socio-technical systems. Generally, cybervandalism is the act of leaving any negative impact on any piece of writing in an attempt to modify it. In Wikipedia, vandalism is any attempt to modify an article in a way that negatively affects the article's quality. Recently, several automatic detec-tion techniques and related features have been developed to address this issue. This work introduces a deep learning model with a new and light architecture to detect vandalism in Wikipedia articles. The proposed model employs a one-dimensional convolutional neural network architecture (1D CNN) that can determine the type of modification in Wikipedia articles based on two main stages: the feature extraction stage and the vandalism detection stage, preceded by the data-resampling step, which is used to address class imbalance issues in the dataset. Features are extracted from edits and their associated metadata, as well as new features (reviewers' trust), and then only the salient features are adopted to make a decision about the article; regular or vandalism can contribute to improving the accuracy of predic-tion. The experiments were conducted on a benchmark dataset, the PAN-WVC-2010 corpus, taken from a vandalism detection competition hosted at the CLEF conference. The proposed system, with the new features added, has achieved an accuracy of 100%.
{"title":"CyberVandalism Detection in Wikipedia Using Light Architecture of 1D-CNN","authors":"Azha Talal Mohammed Ali, Huda Hallawi, Noor D. Al-Shakarchy","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3321","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of human-software-agent interaction has come with new issues. Accordingly, different engage-ments are necessary to adapt to changing human needs in dynamic socio-technical systems. Generally, cybervandalism is the act of leaving any negative impact on any piece of writing in an attempt to modify it. In Wikipedia, vandalism is any attempt to modify an article in a way that negatively affects the article's quality. Recently, several automatic detec-tion techniques and related features have been developed to address this issue. This work introduces a deep learning model with a new and light architecture to detect vandalism in Wikipedia articles. The proposed model employs a one-dimensional convolutional neural network architecture (1D CNN) that can determine the type of modification in Wikipedia articles based on two main stages: the feature extraction stage and the vandalism detection stage, preceded by the data-resampling step, which is used to address class imbalance issues in the dataset. Features are extracted from edits and their associated metadata, as well as new features (reviewers' trust), and then only the salient features are adopted to make a decision about the article; regular or vandalism can contribute to improving the accuracy of predic-tion. The experiments were conducted on a benchmark dataset, the PAN-WVC-2010 corpus, taken from a vandalism detection competition hosted at the CLEF conference. The proposed system, with the new features added, has achieved an accuracy of 100%.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring the physico-chemical attributes of water is essential for determining water quality. The present study explores the effect of various anthropogenic factors on the quality of Dikhu River, Nagaland. Water samples from three sampling stations were compared against three standards: Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standards, and World Health Organization. Although all parameters were within the permissible limits, the Water Quality Index categorized all sites during the rainy season as "poor quality", highlighting anthropogenic impacts. A principal component analysis created a Minimum Data Set (MDS) explaining 100%, 93.27%, and 96.26% of the total variance for the three sites. The MDS creation will enable sustainable, rapid, and cost-effective monitoring of the Dikhu River.
{"title":"Estimation of water quality of Dikhu River of Nagaland through a combination of water quality index and principal component analysis techniques.","authors":"Lanuyanger Longchar, Wati Temjen, Khikeya Semy, Wati Lemla","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3323","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the physico-chemical attributes of water is essential for determining water quality. The present study explores the effect of various anthropogenic factors on the quality of Dikhu River, Nagaland. Water samples from three sampling stations were compared against three standards: Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standards, and World Health Organization. Although all parameters were within the permissible limits, the Water Quality Index categorized all sites during the rainy season as \"poor quality\", highlighting anthropogenic impacts. A principal component analysis created a Minimum Data Set (MDS) explaining 100%, 93.27%, and 96.26% of the total variance for the three sites. The MDS creation will enable sustainable, rapid, and cost-effective monitoring of the Dikhu River.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have emerged as a promising technology for environmentally friendly energy production. Achieving high performance in OPV requires the discovery of novel compounds. This article aims to study the optical, structural, electrochemical, and electrical properties of a P3HT:Y6 blend. The UV-visible spectra of the blend provided insight into how composition affects the optoelectronic properties of OPV devices. The optimised P3HT:Y6 ratio (0.6:1) resulted in the largest redshift and the highest absorption intensity. Raman and X-ray diffraction tests showed low aggregation and low crystallinity of the polymer P3HT as Y6 content increased. In the OPV devices, the best performance was recorded at a 0.6:1 ratio, with an effi-ciency of 2.84%.
{"title":"Optical, Structural, and Electrochemical Properties of P3HT:Y6 Photoactive Layer for Organic Photovoltaics","authors":"Hassan Tarikhum B., Furqan Almyahi, Basil Ali","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3328","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have emerged as a promising technology for environmentally friendly energy production. Achieving high performance in OPV requires the discovery of novel compounds. This article aims to study the optical, structural, electrochemical, and electrical properties of a P3HT:Y6 blend. The UV-visible spectra of the blend provided insight into how composition affects the optoelectronic properties of OPV devices. The optimised P3HT:Y6 ratio (0.6:1) resulted in the largest redshift and the highest absorption intensity. Raman and X-ray diffraction tests showed low aggregation and low crystallinity of the polymer P3HT as Y6 content increased. In the OPV devices, the best performance was recorded at a 0.6:1 ratio, with an effi-ciency of 2.84%.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136358405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One is prompted to examine an energy-dependent space-time with significant distortion of standard general relativity through a breach of the Lorentz invariance in high-energy quantum gravity. The present study explores how the energy of a test particle influences the energy density of a charged black hole in the framework of rainbow gravity. In this context, the focus is on investigating the dyadosphere of the black hole, where the space-time fabric is influenced by the energy of the test particle. We also employ graphical analysis to visually illustrate the variations in the black hole’s energy density defined within the framework of the quantum gravity perspective.
{"title":"Dyadosphere Space-Time of a Charged Black Hole in the Rainbow Gravity and Energy Distribution","authors":"Oktay Aydogdu, Mustafa Salti","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3327","url":null,"abstract":"One is prompted to examine an energy-dependent space-time with significant distortion of standard general relativity through a breach of the Lorentz invariance in high-energy quantum gravity. The present study explores how the energy of a test particle influences the energy density of a charged black hole in the framework of rainbow gravity. In this context, the focus is on investigating the dyadosphere of the black hole, where the space-time fabric is influenced by the energy of the test particle. We also employ graphical analysis to visually illustrate the variations in the black hole’s energy density defined within the framework of the quantum gravity perspective.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is an exponentially growing tool with wide-spread applications in therapeutics like gene modifications that focus on altering the hereditary material to repair or eliminate any defective gene-causing diseases like cancer, AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), etc. It also includes the identification of the target sequence with the help of sgRNA followed by the substitution of a malfunction-ing gene with a normal version. It offers high efficiency, specificity, and post-gene-editing efficacy, but have also some off-target impressions, and immunogenic effects. The contribution of CRISPR/Cas9 has already been proved primarily in in-vitro studies using animal germ cell lines but translation in in-vivo models is still not much supported due to ethi-cal considerations. The recent advances include studies and clinical trials focusing on the treatment of various diseases of genetic origin. For instance, CRISPR gene knock-in technique was applied for in-vivo Leber Congenital Amaurosis 10 treatment, where CRISPR components were delivered via sub-retinal injection to correct the mutation in CE9290. The current paper recapitulates the capability of CRISPR/Cas9 in in-vivo gene therapy for various disorders like cancer, AIDS, sickle cell disease and the most recent COVID-19. The insights presented herein are poised to contribute signifi-cantly to the advancement of the field, fostering a deeper understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and accelerating its clinical transition. Ultimately, this review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policy-makers invested in the continued evolution of gene therapy and responsible utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 for human welfare
{"title":"Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9-assisted gene therapy","authors":"Apeksha Srivastava, Shikha Chauhan, Vishal Ahuja","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3330","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is an exponentially growing tool with wide-spread applications in therapeutics like gene modifications that focus on altering the hereditary material to repair or eliminate any defective gene-causing diseases like cancer, AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), etc. It also includes the identification of the target sequence with the help of sgRNA followed by the substitution of a malfunction-ing gene with a normal version. It offers high efficiency, specificity, and post-gene-editing efficacy, but have also some off-target impressions, and immunogenic effects. The contribution of CRISPR/Cas9 has already been proved primarily in in-vitro studies using animal germ cell lines but translation in in-vivo models is still not much supported due to ethi-cal considerations. The recent advances include studies and clinical trials focusing on the treatment of various diseases of genetic origin. For instance, CRISPR gene knock-in technique was applied for in-vivo Leber Congenital Amaurosis 10 treatment, where CRISPR components were delivered via sub-retinal injection to correct the mutation in CE9290. The current paper recapitulates the capability of CRISPR/Cas9 in in-vivo gene therapy for various disorders like cancer, AIDS, sickle cell disease and the most recent COVID-19. The insights presented herein are poised to contribute signifi-cantly to the advancement of the field, fostering a deeper understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and accelerating its clinical transition. Ultimately, this review paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and policy-makers invested in the continued evolution of gene therapy and responsible utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 for human welfare","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids' electronic structures are investigated using density functional theory, including dispersion corrections. Application of GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor for formaldehyde is also performed and compared with experimental findings. These findings show that the energy gap of these pyramids follows closely with the bulk values. The energy gap increases between the two limits, In2O3 and Ga2O3. Applying GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor uses transition state theory formalism. Thermodynamic quantities such as activation Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy are needed for temperature-dependent calculations. A comparison of sensor response which is proportional to reaction rate as a function of temperature and formaldehyde concentration, reveals the quality of the theory. Response time and recovery time also show good agreement with the experiment. Formaldehyde burning (flash point and autoignition) in atmospheric oxygen is considered in calculations using a logistic function.
{"title":"GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids interaction with formaldehyde: thermodynamic and sensing analysis","authors":"Mudar Ahmed Abdulsattar","doi":"10.33640/2405-609x.3324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609x.3324","url":null,"abstract":"GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids' electronic structures are investigated using density functional theory, including dispersion corrections. Application of GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor for formaldehyde is also performed and compared with experimental findings. These findings show that the energy gap of these pyramids follows closely with the bulk values. The energy gap increases between the two limits, In2O3 and Ga2O3. Applying GaxIn2-xO3 surface pyramids as a gas sensor uses transition state theory formalism. Thermodynamic quantities such as activation Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy are needed for temperature-dependent calculations. A comparison of sensor response which is proportional to reaction rate as a function of temperature and formaldehyde concentration, reveals the quality of the theory. Response time and recovery time also show good agreement with the experiment. Formaldehyde burning (flash point and autoignition) in atmospheric oxygen is considered in calculations using a logistic function.","PeriodicalId":17782,"journal":{"name":"Karbala International Journal of Modern Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135483626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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