Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.442-449
K. L. Rahayu, Abdul Haris, G. Gunawan
Hydrogen energy has great potential as a renewable energy source. Electrochemical water-splitting can be employed to obtain hydrogen by converting solar energy into hydrogen. In this study, Cu2O thin film electrodes have been successfully synthesized using ascorbic acid using the spin coating method. This study aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid in manufacturing Cu2O semiconductors as photocathodes and their activity for electrochemical water-splitting. The results indicated that ascorbate affected the photon current and onset potential of the Cu2O semiconductor. The synthesis results found that Cu2O at C1 (lower concentration than Cu2+) yielded 95.69%, and the yield for Cu2O at C2 (concentration equal to Cu2+) was 96.2%. The yield for Cu2O at C3 (concentration greater than Cu2+) was 99.82%. The photon currents generated by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% ascorbate solution were 1.18, 1.69, and 1.78 mA/cm2, respectively, at 0.3 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the sample consisted of Cu2O C3 with an average grain size of 17.55 nm. Meanwhile, Cu2O C1 and Cu2O C2 had average grain sizes of 38.99 nm and 36.42 nm, respectively. SEM analysis showed the presence of Cu2O with a cuboid and flower-like morphology. EDX analysis showed that the samples contained elements of Cu: O, 73.97%: 26.03%; 79.89%: 20.11% and 98.43%: 1.57% respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Ascorbic Acid Concentration on Cu2O Production for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting on Photocathode Thin Films","authors":"K. L. Rahayu, Abdul Haris, G. Gunawan","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.12.442-449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.12.442-449","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen energy has great potential as a renewable energy source. Electrochemical water-splitting can be employed to obtain hydrogen by converting solar energy into hydrogen. In this study, Cu2O thin film electrodes have been successfully synthesized using ascorbic acid using the spin coating method. This study aimed to determine the effect of ascorbic acid in manufacturing Cu2O semiconductors as photocathodes and their activity for electrochemical water-splitting. The results indicated that ascorbate affected the photon current and onset potential of the Cu2O semiconductor. The synthesis results found that Cu2O at C1 (lower concentration than Cu2+) yielded 95.69%, and the yield for Cu2O at C2 (concentration equal to Cu2+) was 96.2%. The yield for Cu2O at C3 (concentration greater than Cu2+) was 99.82%. The photon currents generated by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% ascorbate solution were 1.18, 1.69, and 1.78 mA/cm2, respectively, at 0.3 V vs. RHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the sample consisted of Cu2O C3 with an average grain size of 17.55 nm. Meanwhile, Cu2O C1 and Cu2O C2 had average grain sizes of 38.99 nm and 36.42 nm, respectively. SEM analysis showed the presence of Cu2O with a cuboid and flower-like morphology. EDX analysis showed that the samples contained elements of Cu: O, 73.97%: 26.03%; 79.89%: 20.11% and 98.43%: 1.57% respectively.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44491433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.427-435
Tia Aulia, Nies Suci Suci Mulyani, M. Asy'ari
Investigation studies of the interaction mechanism of palmitic acid and α-selinene in inhibiting FabH and FabI enzymes have been studied using an in silico approach. FabH (Beta-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase III) and FabI (Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) enzymes are two enzymes that are targets for the inhibition of candidate antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to determine the strongest candidate between palmitic acid and α-selinene as an antibacterial agent for Escherichia coli. The method used in this study is a random and directed molecular docking method using the Autodock Vina program, which is integrated into PyRx 0.8 software. The results of the molecular docking simulation include the pattern and strength of interaction between the ligand and the FabI and FabH enzymes. The interaction pattern includes the cluster pattern, the ligand poses on the protein surface, and the interaction strength based on the binding affinity value. Based on the results of random docking simulation data analysis, it was shown that the majority of α-selinene occupied the position of cluster 1 of the FabI enzyme and palmitic acid in cluster 2 of the FabH enzyme. Based on the binding affinity value, palmitic acid has a weaker interaction strength on the FabH enzyme (-5.7 kcal/mol) than on the FabI enzyme (-7.1 kcal/mol). The interaction strength of α-selinene on the FabI enzyme (-7.3 kcal/mol) was stronger than that of the FabH enzyme (-6.9 kcal/mol). The interaction strength of α-selinene in both FabI and FabH enzymes was greater than that of palmitic acid. α-selinene is projected to have a better potential as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli than palmitic acid based on its greater interaction strength.
{"title":"Interaction Mechanism of Inhibition of Palmitic Acid and α Selinene Targeting FabH and FabI Enzymes in Escherichia coli: In Silico Study","authors":"Tia Aulia, Nies Suci Suci Mulyani, M. Asy'ari","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.12.427-435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.12.427-435","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation studies of the interaction mechanism of palmitic acid and α-selinene in inhibiting FabH and FabI enzymes have been studied using an in silico approach. FabH (Beta-Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase III) and FabI (Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase) enzymes are two enzymes that are targets for the inhibition of candidate antibacterial compounds. This study aimed to determine the strongest candidate between palmitic acid and α-selinene as an antibacterial agent for Escherichia coli. The method used in this study is a random and directed molecular docking method using the Autodock Vina program, which is integrated into PyRx 0.8 software. The results of the molecular docking simulation include the pattern and strength of interaction between the ligand and the FabI and FabH enzymes. The interaction pattern includes the cluster pattern, the ligand poses on the protein surface, and the interaction strength based on the binding affinity value. Based on the results of random docking simulation data analysis, it was shown that the majority of α-selinene occupied the position of cluster 1 of the FabI enzyme and palmitic acid in cluster 2 of the FabH enzyme. Based on the binding affinity value, palmitic acid has a weaker interaction strength on the FabH enzyme (-5.7 kcal/mol) than on the FabI enzyme (-7.1 kcal/mol). The interaction strength of α-selinene on the FabI enzyme (-7.3 kcal/mol) was stronger than that of the FabH enzyme (-6.9 kcal/mol). The interaction strength of α-selinene in both FabI and FabH enzymes was greater than that of palmitic acid. α-selinene is projected to have a better potential as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli than palmitic acid based on its greater interaction strength.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43198559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.399-404
Galuh Dwi Arum, M. Asy'ari, N. Mulyani
Oxidative stress is a state of excess free radicals in the body, which results in increased oxidation processes in the body’s cells and causes damage. In previous studies, one way to neutralize this situation was found, namely with halophilic bacteria. Halophilic bacteria can live at a salt content of 2% to 30%. These bacteria can produce various kinds of pigments for self-defense from extreme environments, which function as immunomodulatory compounds and have antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the yellow pigment halophilic bacteria Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B using the DPPH method showed that the effect of light and air on antioxidant activity was 17.88% inhibition in the crude extract and 14.24% inhibition at 1600 ppm. Antioxidant activity decreased by 17.13% under the influence of air, 1.89% under the influence of light, and 28.58% under the influence of air and light. FTIR analysis under the influence of air experienced a decrease in the peak of the CO carbonyl group of 1739.29 cm-1 and an increase in the alkane C-H group of 1369.52 cm-1, while under the influence of light and open conditions, the carbonyl CO group experienced an increase of 1739.50 cm-1 and 1739.46 cm-1 and the increase in alkane C-H groups 1371.41 cm-1 and 1369.53 cm- 1.
{"title":"Effect of Storage of Yellow Pigment from Halophilic Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B on Antioxidant Activity","authors":"Galuh Dwi Arum, M. Asy'ari, N. Mulyani","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.11.399-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.11.399-404","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress is a state of excess free radicals in the body, which results in increased oxidation processes in the body’s cells and causes damage. In previous studies, one way to neutralize this situation was found, namely with halophilic bacteria. Halophilic bacteria can live at a salt content of 2% to 30%. These bacteria can produce various kinds of pigments for self-defense from extreme environments, which function as immunomodulatory compounds and have antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the yellow pigment halophilic bacteria Bacillus clausii J1G-0%B using the DPPH method showed that the effect of light and air on antioxidant activity was 17.88% inhibition in the crude extract and 14.24% inhibition at 1600 ppm. Antioxidant activity decreased by 17.13% under the influence of air, 1.89% under the influence of light, and 28.58% under the influence of air and light. FTIR analysis under the influence of air experienced a decrease in the peak of the CO carbonyl group of 1739.29 cm-1 and an increase in the alkane C-H group of 1369.52 cm-1, while under the influence of light and open conditions, the carbonyl CO group experienced an increase of 1739.50 cm-1 and 1739.46 cm-1 and the increase in alkane C-H groups 1371.41 cm-1 and 1369.53 cm- 1.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66999691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.394-398
Artha Monica Andini, C. Azmiyawati, A. Darmawan
Sol-gel synthesis of silica employing the co-precursor trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and the precursor tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was accomplished. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain how pH affected the properties of synthetic silica. The synthesized hydrophobic silica was characterized using FTIR, TGA, and GSA to determine the effect of pH adjustment on the functional group characters, thermal properties, and pore morphology. The ratio between TEOS/TMCS was fixed at 75:25 and varied the pH (4, 6, 7, 8, and 10) and the calcination temperature (without calcination, 300℃ and 500℃). FTIR analysis showed that the number of C-H and Si-OH groups in the xerogel decreased with increasing calcination temperature. Xerogel formed at pH 6 provides the highest thermal stability among other pHs. The results from the BET analysis revealed that changes in pH directly affect the physical characteristics of the surface, making the resulting gel network less rigid and more susceptible to shrinkage of pore volume and diameter in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, in an alkaline medium, continuous condensation will occur so that the pore diameter and volume decrease. The high pore diameter and volume imply that pH 7 is ideal for preparing xerogels.
{"title":"Effect of pH on the Synthesis of Silica Sol-Gel Tetraethylorthosilicate-Trimethylchlorosilan (TEOS-TMCS)","authors":"Artha Monica Andini, C. Azmiyawati, A. Darmawan","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.11.394-398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.11.394-398","url":null,"abstract":"Sol-gel synthesis of silica employing the co-precursor trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and the precursor tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was accomplished. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain how pH affected the properties of synthetic silica. The synthesized hydrophobic silica was characterized using FTIR, TGA, and GSA to determine the effect of pH adjustment on the functional group characters, thermal properties, and pore morphology. The ratio between TEOS/TMCS was fixed at 75:25 and varied the pH (4, 6, 7, 8, and 10) and the calcination temperature (without calcination, 300℃ and 500℃). FTIR analysis showed that the number of C-H and Si-OH groups in the xerogel decreased with increasing calcination temperature. Xerogel formed at pH 6 provides the highest thermal stability among other pHs. The results from the BET analysis revealed that changes in pH directly affect the physical characteristics of the surface, making the resulting gel network less rigid and more susceptible to shrinkage of pore volume and diameter in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, in an alkaline medium, continuous condensation will occur so that the pore diameter and volume decrease. The high pore diameter and volume imply that pH 7 is ideal for preparing xerogels.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67000145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.436-441
Meiske Erdinarini Anggita, Abdul Haris, D. S. Widodo
In this study, the lead oxide has been successfully synthesized using oxidizing agents (NH4)2S2O8 and applied to decolorize the Remazole Black B (RBB) solution. Lead oxide was synthesized by the batch method through the mechanism of reduction-oxidation and characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. Decolorizing RBB solution was performed using a modified Fenton method. This study aims to determine the optimum performance of RBB decolorization from lead oxide. The results showed that the crystal formed contains Pb and O. Pb oxide obtained was α-PBO2 with the orthorhombic crystal system. Based on characterization, the lead oxide obtained has a surface morphology of coral flowers-like. Synthesis utilizing equilibrium composition (1:2) and a drying temperature of 100°C yielded Pb oxide, which has a better potential as a modifier in RBB decolorization with a decolorization percentage of 80.07%. The process was then carried out for advanced synthesis less and excess of molar variations. The ratio of lead oxide: NaOH (1:4) showed optimum performance in decolorizing RBB with a decolorization percentage of 80.07 %.
{"title":"Synthesis of Lead Oxide Using the Oxidizing Agent (NH4)2S2O8 with Variaous Amounts of NaOH for Decolorization of Remazol Black B Solution","authors":"Meiske Erdinarini Anggita, Abdul Haris, D. S. Widodo","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.12.436-441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.12.436-441","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the lead oxide has been successfully synthesized using oxidizing agents (NH4)2S2O8 and applied to decolorize the Remazole Black B (RBB) solution. Lead oxide was synthesized by the batch method through the mechanism of reduction-oxidation and characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. Decolorizing RBB solution was performed using a modified Fenton method. This study aims to determine the optimum performance of RBB decolorization from lead oxide. The results showed that the crystal formed contains Pb and O. Pb oxide obtained was α-PBO2 with the orthorhombic crystal system. Based on characterization, the lead oxide obtained has a surface morphology of coral flowers-like. Synthesis utilizing equilibrium composition (1:2) and a drying temperature of 100°C yielded Pb oxide, which has a better potential as a modifier in RBB decolorization with a decolorization percentage of 80.07%. The process was then carried out for advanced synthesis less and excess of molar variations. The ratio of lead oxide: NaOH (1:4) showed optimum performance in decolorizing RBB with a decolorization percentage of 80.07 %.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46177656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-18DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.450-455
A. Kholieqoh, K. Anam, D. Kusrini
Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family and is widely used as a medical plant for low blood pressure, heart tonic, and to prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aims to obtain flavonoid compounds, identify, and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds and crude extracts from celery leaves. The research procedures consisted of four steps, the first of which was a preliminary test. The second step involved isolating and separating flavonoid components by vacuum liquid chromatography, gravitational column chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography. The third step was to identify flavonoid compounds using reagent shift, FTIR, and LCMS/MS. And finally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The preliminary test result showed that the ethanolic extract of leaves and stems had a total flavonoid content of 13.99 and 2.46 mg QE/g of dry weight. Both dry leaves and crude extract of celery leaves contained alkaloids, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, quinone, and steroid/triterpenoid, as determined by phytochemical screening. Isolation and separation of flavonoids yielded A2.I and A2.II isolates, with respective weights of 8 mg and 14 mg. Identification of flavonoid compounds using reagent shift showed that two isolates have the basic structure of the flavone group. A2.I isolate had OH groups at 4’, 5, and 7, while A2.II isolate had OH groups at 3’, 4’, 5, and 7. The FTIR analysis revealed that both compounds contain functional groups, including O-H, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O ether, C-O alcohol, and C-H aromatic ring. According to LCMS/MS analysis, the molecular weights of A2.I and A2.II were 270 g/mol and 286 g/mol, respectively. All of the identification methods for isolates showed that A2.I was apigenin and A2.II was luteolin. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method for a viscous extract of celery leaves, A2.I, and A2.II were 775.41, 288.95, and 184.35 µg/mL, respectively.
{"title":"Isolation and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compound in Ethanolic Extract of Celery Leaves (Apium graveolens L.)","authors":"A. Kholieqoh, K. Anam, D. Kusrini","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.12.450-455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.12.450-455","url":null,"abstract":"Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family and is widely used as a medical plant for low blood pressure, heart tonic, and to prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aims to obtain flavonoid compounds, identify, and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds and crude extracts from celery leaves. The research procedures consisted of four steps, the first of which was a preliminary test. The second step involved isolating and separating flavonoid components by vacuum liquid chromatography, gravitational column chromatography, and preparative thin layer chromatography. The third step was to identify flavonoid compounds using reagent shift, FTIR, and LCMS/MS. And finally, antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method. The preliminary test result showed that the ethanolic extract of leaves and stems had a total flavonoid content of 13.99 and 2.46 mg QE/g of dry weight. Both dry leaves and crude extract of celery leaves contained alkaloids, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, quinone, and steroid/triterpenoid, as determined by phytochemical screening. Isolation and separation of flavonoids yielded A2.I and A2.II isolates, with respective weights of 8 mg and 14 mg. Identification of flavonoid compounds using reagent shift showed that two isolates have the basic structure of the flavone group. A2.I isolate had OH groups at 4’, 5, and 7, while A2.II isolate had OH groups at 3’, 4’, 5, and 7. The FTIR analysis revealed that both compounds contain functional groups, including O-H, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O ether, C-O alcohol, and C-H aromatic ring. According to LCMS/MS analysis, the molecular weights of A2.I and A2.II were 270 g/mol and 286 g/mol, respectively. All of the identification methods for isolates showed that A2.I was apigenin and A2.II was luteolin. Antioxidant activity by DPPH method for a viscous extract of celery leaves, A2.I, and A2.II were 775.41, 288.95, and 184.35 µg/mL, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48652407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.12.456-466
Siti Mutingatun, E. Fachriyah, D. Kusrini
Isolation of flavonoid compounds from the ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) has been successfully conducted. The structure of flavonoid isolates was identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with the addition of shear reagents and FTIR. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the isolates was determined and studied using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds from Bandotan leaves. An antioxidant activity test was carried out on ethanol extract, and flavonoid isolates using the DPPH method. Based on this research, Bandotan leaf ethanol extract yielded 13.964%. The results of the phytochemical screening test revealed that the leaf powder and ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves was 129.27 mg EQ/g extract. Identification of flavonoid isolates using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that flavonoid isolates belong to the flavanone compound class with maximum absorption at a wavelength of 315 nm (band I) and 280 nm (band II). FTIR analysis showed that the flavonoid isolates had functional groups O-H, C-H aromatics, C-H alkanes, C=O, C=C aromatics, C-O ethers, C-O alcohols, and substituted aromatic rings. Identification of the structure of flavonoid isolates with a spectrophotometer with the addition of shear reagent and FTIR, presumably that the isolate was a 4’-hydroxy flavanone compound. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 118.19 µg/mL) and was classified as very weak (IC50 1185.5 µg/mL).
{"title":"Isolation, Identification, and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds in the Ethanol Extract in Bandotan Leaves (Ageratum conyzoides)","authors":"Siti Mutingatun, E. Fachriyah, D. Kusrini","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.12.456-466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.12.456-466","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation of flavonoid compounds from the ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) has been successfully conducted. The structure of flavonoid isolates was identified using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with the addition of shear reagents and FTIR. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the isolates was determined and studied using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and test the antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds from Bandotan leaves. An antioxidant activity test was carried out on ethanol extract, and flavonoid isolates using the DPPH method. Based on this research, Bandotan leaf ethanol extract yielded 13.964%. The results of the phytochemical screening test revealed that the leaf powder and ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, steroids, and triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Bandotan leaves was 129.27 mg EQ/g extract. Identification of flavonoid isolates using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that flavonoid isolates belong to the flavanone compound class with maximum absorption at a wavelength of 315 nm (band I) and 280 nm (band II). FTIR analysis showed that the flavonoid isolates had functional groups O-H, C-H aromatics, C-H alkanes, C=O, C=C aromatics, C-O ethers, C-O alcohols, and substituted aromatic rings. Identification of the structure of flavonoid isolates with a spectrophotometer with the addition of shear reagent and FTIR, presumably that the isolate was a 4’-hydroxy flavanone compound. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 118.19 µg/mL) and was classified as very weak (IC50 1185.5 µg/mL).","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.346-351
A. Subardi, Yen‐Pei Fu
Modifying the sample surface by infiltration technique using Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte has been done to increase the catalytic activity of the LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (LBSC) cathode. The cathode powder structure was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature, and the LBSC cathode microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity of the LBSC cathode was tested using the four-probe DC method. Symmetrical cells were tested using a potentiostat Voltalab PGZ 301 and a digital source meter Keithley 2420. LBSC powder was discovered to have a tetragonal structure (space group: P4/mmm) with lattice parameters of a = 3.86253 Å, c = 7.73438 Å, and V = 115.338 Å. From the SEM image, the LBSC cathode has homogeneous, dense, and highly porous grains. The electrical conductivity showed metallic behavior, gradually decreasing from 167 S.cm-1 at 300℃ to 105 S.cm-1 at 800℃. A significant increase in current density (io) of 275% occurred at 800℃ from 154.10 mA.cm−2 (pure LBSC) to 577.86 mA.cm−2 (LBSC+0.5M SDC). The activation energy value (Ea) of symmetrical cells was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), low-field (LF), and high-field (HF) techniques. The activation energy of the LBSC+0.5 M SDC specimen was 47.9 kJ mol-1 or 79.4% lower than the activation energy of the LBSC cathode specimen without infiltration at atmospheric pressure of 0.03 atm. These results indicate that SDC infiltration of the LBSC cathode can reduce the activation energy of the significant. The cathode membrane adheres quite well to the electrolyte membrane, the cathode porosity varies in the range of 1–4 µm, and the grain size is 0.1–1.5 µm.
{"title":"Effect of Infiltration Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 Against Double Perovskite Performance LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ as IT-SOFC Cathode","authors":"A. Subardi, Yen‐Pei Fu","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.10.346-351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.10.346-351","url":null,"abstract":"Modifying the sample surface by infiltration technique using Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte has been done to increase the catalytic activity of the LaBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (LBSC) cathode. The cathode powder structure was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at room temperature, and the LBSC cathode microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity of the LBSC cathode was tested using the four-probe DC method. Symmetrical cells were tested using a potentiostat Voltalab PGZ 301 and a digital source meter Keithley 2420. LBSC powder was discovered to have a tetragonal structure (space group: P4/mmm) with lattice parameters of a = 3.86253 Å, c = 7.73438 Å, and V = 115.338 Å. From the SEM image, the LBSC cathode has homogeneous, dense, and highly porous grains. The electrical conductivity showed metallic behavior, gradually decreasing from 167 S.cm-1 at 300℃ to 105 S.cm-1 at 800℃. A significant increase in current density (io) of 275% occurred at 800℃ from 154.10 mA.cm−2 (pure LBSC) to 577.86 mA.cm−2 (LBSC+0.5M SDC). The activation energy value (Ea) of symmetrical cells was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), low-field (LF), and high-field (HF) techniques. The activation energy of the LBSC+0.5 M SDC specimen was 47.9 kJ mol-1 or 79.4% lower than the activation energy of the LBSC cathode specimen without infiltration at atmospheric pressure of 0.03 atm. These results indicate that SDC infiltration of the LBSC cathode can reduce the activation energy of the significant. The cathode membrane adheres quite well to the electrolyte membrane, the cathode porosity varies in the range of 1–4 µm, and the grain size is 0.1–1.5 µm.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44737344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.11.419-426
Talisia Kresna Shih, A. L. Aminin, N. Mulyani
Indonesia has a growing demand for cellulase enzymes; however, 99% of the enzymes are imported from other countries. Aspergillus niger is well recognized for using the widely accessible tofu by-product, often known as tofu dreg, as a growth medium for synthesizing cellulase enzymes. This study aims to optimize the production of cellulase enzymes by Aspergillus niger InaCC F506 using tofu dregs as a substrate through the Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) method by varying the additives. The results showed that the E fermentation system with the composition of urea 0.5%; CMC 0.5%; KH2PO4 0.2%; MgSO4.7H2O 0.2% produced the highest cellulase enzymes from the tofu dregs substrate. The highest cellulase enzyme activity was at a fraction of ammonium sulfate saturation level of 40-60%. The optimum condition of enzyme activity was observed at pH 5 with an activity of 33 x 10-4 Units/mg protein and at 30℃ with an activity of 31 x 10-4 Units/mg protein.
{"title":"Optimization of Cellulase Production by Aspergillus niger InaCC F506 in Solid-State Fermentation of Tofu Dreg","authors":"Talisia Kresna Shih, A. L. Aminin, N. Mulyani","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.11.419-426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.11.419-426","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has a growing demand for cellulase enzymes; however, 99% of the enzymes are imported from other countries. Aspergillus niger is well recognized for using the widely accessible tofu by-product, often known as tofu dreg, as a growth medium for synthesizing cellulase enzymes. This study aims to optimize the production of cellulase enzymes by Aspergillus niger InaCC F506 using tofu dregs as a substrate through the Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) method by varying the additives. The results showed that the E fermentation system with the composition of urea 0.5%; CMC 0.5%; KH2PO4 0.2%; MgSO4.7H2O 0.2% produced the highest cellulase enzymes from the tofu dregs substrate. The highest cellulase enzyme activity was at a fraction of ammonium sulfate saturation level of 40-60%. The optimum condition of enzyme activity was observed at pH 5 with an activity of 33 x 10-4 Units/mg protein and at 30℃ with an activity of 31 x 10-4 Units/mg protein.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48770682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.10.352-361
Cindy Agriningsih Haruna, Widy Aprillia Malik, Muhammad Yaqub Syamsul Rijal, A. H. Watoni, L. Ramadhan
The effort of copper nanoparticle exploration for antibacterial cleaning agents needs to prevent infection or contamination of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses due to its potential characteristic as an environmentally benign material. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles using 0.02 M Cu(NO3)2 as a precursor and red dragon fruit extract as a bioreduction agent has been conducted. The extraction process of red dragon fruit was done by the maceration method using methanol as solvent. Copper nanoparticles were prepared through green chemistry with the reduction method. The compound in red dragon fruit extract reduced Cu2+ to Cu. The experimental nanoparticle synthesis method was performed with a combination of red dragon fruit extract and Cu(NO3)2 solution mixed with a volume ratio of bioreductor extract toward Cu2+ precursor variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9. The mixtures were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes and then incubated. The samples were characterized using UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and a digital microscope to observe morphology. The observation continued to assess its antibacterial activity and potency as an active disinfectant. UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorbance value for 30 minutes tended to be stable. Particle size estimation showed the smallest size of 122.12 nm at a volume ratio of 1:9. Functional group analysis using FTIR showed a shift in wavenumber between dragon fruit extract and copper nanoparticle (CuNPs), indicating a functional group interaction. The results of morphological analysis using a digital microscope showed that the particles with fine powder granules were produced with the composition of fruit extract: Cu(NO3)2 of 1:9. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli indicated that the composition of Cu-nanoparticles of 1:9 had given an inhibition value.
铜纳米颗粒作为一种环境友好型材料的潜在特性,使其在抗菌清洗剂领域的探索需要防止细菌、病毒等微生物的感染或污染。以0.02 M Cu(NO3)2为前驱体,红火龙果提取物为生物还原剂,合成了纳米铜。以甲醇为溶剂,采用浸渍法提取红火果。采用绿色化学还原法制备了铜纳米颗粒。红火果提取物中的化合物将Cu2+还原为Cu。采用红火果萃取液与Cu(NO3)2溶液混合,并以Cu2+前驱体Cu2+体积比为1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、1:7、1:8、1:9的生物还原剂萃取液体积比进行纳米颗粒合成实验。将混合物用磁力搅拌器搅拌30分钟,然后孵育。采用UV-Vis(紫外-可见)、FTIR(傅里叶变换红外)和数码显微镜对样品进行形貌表征。观察继续评估其抗菌活性和效力作为一种有效的消毒剂。紫外-可见分析表明,30min吸光度值趋于稳定。粒径估算表明,当体积比为1:9时,最小粒径为122.12 nm。FTIR官能团分析显示,火龙果提取物和铜纳米颗粒(CuNPs)之间的波数发生了变化,表明两者之间存在官能团相互作用。数码显微镜形态分析结果表明,果实提取物与Cu(NO3)2的配比为1:9,所制得颗粒呈细粉状。对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性表明,铜纳米颗粒的比例为1:9,具有一定的抑菌作用。
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity for Liquid Disinfectant","authors":"Cindy Agriningsih Haruna, Widy Aprillia Malik, Muhammad Yaqub Syamsul Rijal, A. H. Watoni, L. Ramadhan","doi":"10.14710/jksa.25.10.352-361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.25.10.352-361","url":null,"abstract":"The effort of copper nanoparticle exploration for antibacterial cleaning agents needs to prevent infection or contamination of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses due to its potential characteristic as an environmentally benign material. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles using 0.02 M Cu(NO3)2 as a precursor and red dragon fruit extract as a bioreduction agent has been conducted. The extraction process of red dragon fruit was done by the maceration method using methanol as solvent. Copper nanoparticles were prepared through green chemistry with the reduction method. The compound in red dragon fruit extract reduced Cu2+ to Cu. The experimental nanoparticle synthesis method was performed with a combination of red dragon fruit extract and Cu(NO3)2 solution mixed with a volume ratio of bioreductor extract toward Cu2+ precursor variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9. The mixtures were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes and then incubated. The samples were characterized using UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), and a digital microscope to observe morphology. The observation continued to assess its antibacterial activity and potency as an active disinfectant. UV-Vis analysis showed that the absorbance value for 30 minutes tended to be stable. Particle size estimation showed the smallest size of 122.12 nm at a volume ratio of 1:9. Functional group analysis using FTIR showed a shift in wavenumber between dragon fruit extract and copper nanoparticle (CuNPs), indicating a functional group interaction. The results of morphological analysis using a digital microscope showed that the particles with fine powder granules were produced with the composition of fruit extract: Cu(NO3)2 of 1:9. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli indicated that the composition of Cu-nanoparticles of 1:9 had given an inhibition value.","PeriodicalId":17811,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67000137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}