Infantile hemangiomas are one of the most common benign vascular tumors in infants and children.Because hemangiomas can resolve spontaneously, they usually do not require specific treatment unless theproliferation interferes with normal function or causes interference with the function of essential vital organs. Thereare several types of therapy, but in recent decades the use of propranolol has become more common due to itsexcellent effectiveness.The purpose of this paper is to analyze different pharmaceutical formulations of propranolol in the treatment ofinfantile hemangioma, including technological differences of the oral and topical pharmaceutical dosage forms ofpropranolol. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved the commercially available oral propranololtherapy in the countries of the European Union, but this is not yet happened in our country. Recommendations tofollow and use the protocols for the oral application of propranolol in the treatment of this disease are difficult dueto the fact that this drug formulation is not registered in our country and patients are forced to obtain it fromcountries where it is registered.The use of syrup as an oral form of therapy has been clinically proven and has a high percentage of efficiency ininfantile hemangioma, but side effects such as sleep disturbance, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, hypotension.The goal of this publication is to propose the most appropriate topical formulation of propranolol for external use ininfantile hemangioma through a review of relevant published data on the use of various pharmaceutical formulationsof propranolol in clinical studies and documents from the European Medicines Agency,In this paper, we used compilation and comparison methods, as most useful for a high-quality critical evaluation ofthe literature regarding problematic topics, in our case the pharmaceutical formulation of propranolol, the effect ofclinical treatment and the required legislation, and which have the potential to promote clearer, sharedunderstandings and accelerate advances in the research.Our results were focused on obtained and published data related to pharmaceutical-technological aspects ofproduction of topical formulations and the effect of clinical application, especially when it is necessary to defineexactly the amount of the released active compound from the topical form (cream, ointment or gel) and itsabsorption through the skin.Topical form of propranolol avoids the side effects of oral administrated propranolol, can help maintain a high levelof active ingredient in a local or focal region, and has an easy way of administration.The obtained research data showed that the topical application and penetration of propranolol through the skin isgood and has a lower and controlled systemic absorption. To achieve this, the choice of the formulation and theexcipients used are particularly important. Lipophilic formulations have limited release and penetration ofpropranolol. The best result
{"title":"CLINICAL ASPECTS OF DIFFERENT PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS OF PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HEMANGIOMA","authors":"Jasmina Ristov, E. Janevik-Ivanovska","doi":"10.35120/kij5404683r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404683r","url":null,"abstract":"Infantile hemangiomas are one of the most common benign vascular tumors in infants and children.Because hemangiomas can resolve spontaneously, they usually do not require specific treatment unless theproliferation interferes with normal function or causes interference with the function of essential vital organs. Thereare several types of therapy, but in recent decades the use of propranolol has become more common due to itsexcellent effectiveness.The purpose of this paper is to analyze different pharmaceutical formulations of propranolol in the treatment ofinfantile hemangioma, including technological differences of the oral and topical pharmaceutical dosage forms ofpropranolol. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved the commercially available oral propranololtherapy in the countries of the European Union, but this is not yet happened in our country. Recommendations tofollow and use the protocols for the oral application of propranolol in the treatment of this disease are difficult dueto the fact that this drug formulation is not registered in our country and patients are forced to obtain it fromcountries where it is registered.The use of syrup as an oral form of therapy has been clinically proven and has a high percentage of efficiency ininfantile hemangioma, but side effects such as sleep disturbance, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, hypotension.The goal of this publication is to propose the most appropriate topical formulation of propranolol for external use ininfantile hemangioma through a review of relevant published data on the use of various pharmaceutical formulationsof propranolol in clinical studies and documents from the European Medicines Agency,In this paper, we used compilation and comparison methods, as most useful for a high-quality critical evaluation ofthe literature regarding problematic topics, in our case the pharmaceutical formulation of propranolol, the effect ofclinical treatment and the required legislation, and which have the potential to promote clearer, sharedunderstandings and accelerate advances in the research.Our results were focused on obtained and published data related to pharmaceutical-technological aspects ofproduction of topical formulations and the effect of clinical application, especially when it is necessary to defineexactly the amount of the released active compound from the topical form (cream, ointment or gel) and itsabsorption through the skin.Topical form of propranolol avoids the side effects of oral administrated propranolol, can help maintain a high levelof active ingredient in a local or focal region, and has an easy way of administration.The obtained research data showed that the topical application and penetration of propranolol through the skin isgood and has a lower and controlled systemic absorption. To achieve this, the choice of the formulation and theexcipients used are particularly important. Lipophilic formulations have limited release and penetration ofpropranolol. The best result","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76254532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the first part of the paper, one-parameter (1P), fifth and seventh order polynomial interpolationconvolution kernels, are described. In the second part of the paper an Experiment is described. The precision of theimage interpolation was tested. Interpolation of the Test images from the base, using interpolation kernels, wereperformed. The precision of the interpolation kernels was measured using the mean squared error (MSE). Next,optimum kernel parameter, α, were determined by minimizing MSE. After that, a comparative analysis of theminimum MSE values, for the fifth and seventh order polynomial kernels, was performed. The results are presentedtabularly and graphically.
{"title":"IMAGE INTEROLATION USING OF THE FIFTH AND SEVENTH ORDER POLYNOMIAL PARAMETER KERNELS","authors":"Natasa Savic, Z. Milivojevic","doi":"10.35120/kij5403453s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403453s","url":null,"abstract":"In the first part of the paper, one-parameter (1P), fifth and seventh order polynomial interpolationconvolution kernels, are described. In the second part of the paper an Experiment is described. The precision of theimage interpolation was tested. Interpolation of the Test images from the base, using interpolation kernels, wereperformed. The precision of the interpolation kernels was measured using the mean squared error (MSE). Next,optimum kernel parameter, α, were determined by minimizing MSE. After that, a comparative analysis of theminimum MSE values, for the fifth and seventh order polynomial kernels, was performed. The results are presentedtabularly and graphically.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80165712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing profits by reducing costs during product development and its production and quality increasingare challenges that companies face every day in their operations. The aspiration of modern production is to achievean effect similar to those in mass production (or at least in large series production) even on extremely small series ofproducts, even on personalized products. Techno-economic analysis in modern companies is an integral part of thecompany's modern information system. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of innovative technologiesfor the production of a wagons triangle brake, a product that is an integral part of the brake system of freight andpassenger wagons of the older generation: casting and additive technologies. Given that there are currently availabledifferent production technologies that can be applied, one of the criteria for choosing a production technology is itsprofitability. The choice of solution, whether the product will be made by casting (or welding) or additivetechnology, is mostly influenced by the size of the series. In the case of the cast part, the so-called constant costs(model, molds for cores), but variable costs are therefore lower, i.e., costs proportional to the number ofmanufactured pieces. Additive technologies that can be used to make such parts can use numerous methods, three ofwhich stand out due to their application in practice. These are stereolithography (STL), extruded material (EBM)and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Machine cost is the main factor for stereolithography and melt extrusion,while material cost is the main factor for laser sintering. The price of additively manufactured parts is calculatedaccording to the cost model that follows activities, where each cost is linked to a specific activity. The analysisindicates that additive technologies are not such a cheap process, especially in serial production, but they areexcellent in individual production or during rapid prototyping, and the price of the product obtained by additivetechnology is the same for each piece. Also, cast parts have high initial costs (casting molds, etc.), but castings arerelatively cheap, which leads to a drop in the total price as the series increases. Both technologies have limitations interms of the materials that can be used in casting or additive manufacturing processes. Based on the technoeconomicanalysis, it can be concluded, also, that certain activities require the engagement of other companies thatshould be entrusted with certain business activities or tasks - in this way, the company's resources are saved andemployed on other more expedient activities that will bring greater benefits, and the system work is not disturbed ordisturbed. The advantage of casting technology over additive technologies is already profitable for series over 42pieces, and compared to forging, the casting of this part of the product is 2.5 times cheaper.
{"title":"TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INNOVATED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF WAGONS BRAKE TRIANGLE","authors":"M. Ristić, B. Milutinovic, Stefan Mihajlović","doi":"10.35120/kij5403513r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403513r","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing profits by reducing costs during product development and its production and quality increasingare challenges that companies face every day in their operations. The aspiration of modern production is to achievean effect similar to those in mass production (or at least in large series production) even on extremely small series ofproducts, even on personalized products. Techno-economic analysis in modern companies is an integral part of thecompany's modern information system. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of innovative technologiesfor the production of a wagons triangle brake, a product that is an integral part of the brake system of freight andpassenger wagons of the older generation: casting and additive technologies. Given that there are currently availabledifferent production technologies that can be applied, one of the criteria for choosing a production technology is itsprofitability. The choice of solution, whether the product will be made by casting (or welding) or additivetechnology, is mostly influenced by the size of the series. In the case of the cast part, the so-called constant costs(model, molds for cores), but variable costs are therefore lower, i.e., costs proportional to the number ofmanufactured pieces. Additive technologies that can be used to make such parts can use numerous methods, three ofwhich stand out due to their application in practice. These are stereolithography (STL), extruded material (EBM)and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Machine cost is the main factor for stereolithography and melt extrusion,while material cost is the main factor for laser sintering. The price of additively manufactured parts is calculatedaccording to the cost model that follows activities, where each cost is linked to a specific activity. The analysisindicates that additive technologies are not such a cheap process, especially in serial production, but they areexcellent in individual production or during rapid prototyping, and the price of the product obtained by additivetechnology is the same for each piece. Also, cast parts have high initial costs (casting molds, etc.), but castings arerelatively cheap, which leads to a drop in the total price as the series increases. Both technologies have limitations interms of the materials that can be used in casting or additive manufacturing processes. Based on the technoeconomicanalysis, it can be concluded, also, that certain activities require the engagement of other companies thatshould be entrusted with certain business activities or tasks - in this way, the company's resources are saved andemployed on other more expedient activities that will bring greater benefits, and the system work is not disturbed ordisturbed. The advantage of casting technology over additive technologies is already profitable for series over 42pieces, and compared to forging, the casting of this part of the product is 2.5 times cheaper.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81039896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adequate and correct manipulation of soft and bone tissues during implant therapy is extremelyimportant. Knowledge of the biological, histological and of course the surgical characteristics of the tissues canlargely be a predictor of the correct implant prosthetic rehabilitation. The main aim of this research was to describeall aspects of surgical manipulation of the soft and bone tissues during the dental implantology procedures. We havemade adequate literature research for articles relevant to our topic-surgical manipulation of the soft and hard tissuesduring the dental implantology procedures published in the last two decades (2001-2021). Kew words used for theresearch were: “surgical manipulation”, “dental implantology”, “soft tissues”, “bone tissues” and their combination.Each implantologist should take into account the biological limitations of each patient, as well as the technicallimitations that may occur during the treatment. Oral soft tissues can be affected during the various stages of theimplant treatment. During the planning of a surgical intervention such as the placement of an implant, regardless ofwhether it is an immediate or a delayed loading implant, it is necessary to have an adequate manipulation of thesurrounding soft tissue and bone structures. When designing the flap should be taken into account the degree ofaccessibility required to access the bone, as well as the final position of the flap. It is also of great importance to takeinto account the preservation of good blood supply to the flap. Based on the exposure of bone after elevation, flapscan be classified as either full-thickness or mucoperiosteal flaps and partial-thickness or mucosal flaps. Dependingon how the interdental papilla will be treated, the incisions can either divide the papilla (conventional incision) orpreserve it (papilla-preserving incision). Based on the placement of flaps after surgery, they can be classified as: 1)nondisplaced flaps, where the flap is returned and sutured to its original position, or 2) displaced flaps, which areplaced apically, coronally, or laterally from their original position. The work in bone is quite complex and requiresknowledge of its morphological and histological characteristics. When working on bone, and especially whenplacing dental implants, it is necessary to note that it is necessary to enable constant cooling. The improvement ofold techniques and the development of new technologies have created a revolution in oral implantology, and now atherapist has numerous therapeutic options that can be incorporated into daily practice to facilitate the surgicalapproach itself. Hard-tissue and soft-tissue dental lasers, which are constantly improving and have a wide range ofindications, are becoming a part of everyday dental practice and also show significant advantages compared toconventional instruments and techniques when placing dental implants. Therefore, over time they will become aninvaluable and irreplaceable tool in
{"title":"SURGICAL MANIPULATION OF SOFT AND BONE TISSUE IN CONTEMPORARY DENTAL IMPLANTOLOGY","authors":"M. Petrovski, K. Papakoca","doi":"10.35120/kij5404639p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404639p","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate and correct manipulation of soft and bone tissues during implant therapy is extremelyimportant. Knowledge of the biological, histological and of course the surgical characteristics of the tissues canlargely be a predictor of the correct implant prosthetic rehabilitation. The main aim of this research was to describeall aspects of surgical manipulation of the soft and bone tissues during the dental implantology procedures. We havemade adequate literature research for articles relevant to our topic-surgical manipulation of the soft and hard tissuesduring the dental implantology procedures published in the last two decades (2001-2021). Kew words used for theresearch were: “surgical manipulation”, “dental implantology”, “soft tissues”, “bone tissues” and their combination.Each implantologist should take into account the biological limitations of each patient, as well as the technicallimitations that may occur during the treatment. Oral soft tissues can be affected during the various stages of theimplant treatment. During the planning of a surgical intervention such as the placement of an implant, regardless ofwhether it is an immediate or a delayed loading implant, it is necessary to have an adequate manipulation of thesurrounding soft tissue and bone structures. When designing the flap should be taken into account the degree ofaccessibility required to access the bone, as well as the final position of the flap. It is also of great importance to takeinto account the preservation of good blood supply to the flap. Based on the exposure of bone after elevation, flapscan be classified as either full-thickness or mucoperiosteal flaps and partial-thickness or mucosal flaps. Dependingon how the interdental papilla will be treated, the incisions can either divide the papilla (conventional incision) orpreserve it (papilla-preserving incision). Based on the placement of flaps after surgery, they can be classified as: 1)nondisplaced flaps, where the flap is returned and sutured to its original position, or 2) displaced flaps, which areplaced apically, coronally, or laterally from their original position. The work in bone is quite complex and requiresknowledge of its morphological and histological characteristics. When working on bone, and especially whenplacing dental implants, it is necessary to note that it is necessary to enable constant cooling. The improvement ofold techniques and the development of new technologies have created a revolution in oral implantology, and now atherapist has numerous therapeutic options that can be incorporated into daily practice to facilitate the surgicalapproach itself. Hard-tissue and soft-tissue dental lasers, which are constantly improving and have a wide range ofindications, are becoming a part of everyday dental practice and also show significant advantages compared toconventional instruments and techniques when placing dental implants. Therefore, over time they will become aninvaluable and irreplaceable tool in","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90927407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Popular techniques of waste treatment are often very expensive and often difficult to access.Nowadays, billions of tons of valuable waste material are deposited in landfills without using potential. The factthat five to ten percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions coming from civil engineering, actually from theproduction of cement, means that it is necessary to find some alternative materials. Alkali-activated materials -geopolymers are created in order to prevent carbon dioxide emission and to use waste materials. Geopolymersare the result of a chemical process called geopolymerization. They were developed in order to promote fireprotection, but their numerous benefits were observed during the laboratory tests. Materials such as industrialby-products might be used as a binder material because their chemical structure is rich in aluminosilicatecompounds. As in well-known building materials, as it is here, the application of different binder materialsmakes a difference in the material structure. During the process of geopolymer mixtures production, binders andalkali activators required more steps than traditional building materials: like blending the binder materials,dissolving the liquid phase, etc., but in the end, the carbon emission is a few times lower when compared toothers mixtures. It is clear that the greatest benefit of geopolymer is their ecological aspects.The paper presents the results of testing the physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics of geopolymermixtures. Fly ash was used as the primary material, while its partial replacement was made with the addition ofred mud. All geopolymer mortar mixes meet the basic requirements in terms of compressive and flexuralstrengths.The testing was continued on frost and thaw up to twenty-five cycles. It can be concluded that the coefficient ofresistance, in terms of flexural strength is greater than seventy-five percent only in the mixtures made withfifteen percent red mud and on the etalon sample. By calculating the compressive strength resistance parameter,it was concluded that all samples of geopolymer mortar that are made of fly ash and with the addition of redmud are freezing and thawing resistant up to twenty-five cycles.
{"title":"USAGE OF RED MUD IN GEOPOLYMER MORTAR MIXTURES","authors":"Jelena Bijeljić, Nenad Stojkovic, Jovan Mišić","doi":"10.35120/kij5403541b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403541b","url":null,"abstract":"Popular techniques of waste treatment are often very expensive and often difficult to access.Nowadays, billions of tons of valuable waste material are deposited in landfills without using potential. The factthat five to ten percent of the total carbon dioxide emissions coming from civil engineering, actually from theproduction of cement, means that it is necessary to find some alternative materials. Alkali-activated materials -geopolymers are created in order to prevent carbon dioxide emission and to use waste materials. Geopolymersare the result of a chemical process called geopolymerization. They were developed in order to promote fireprotection, but their numerous benefits were observed during the laboratory tests. Materials such as industrialby-products might be used as a binder material because their chemical structure is rich in aluminosilicatecompounds. As in well-known building materials, as it is here, the application of different binder materialsmakes a difference in the material structure. During the process of geopolymer mixtures production, binders andalkali activators required more steps than traditional building materials: like blending the binder materials,dissolving the liquid phase, etc., but in the end, the carbon emission is a few times lower when compared toothers mixtures. It is clear that the greatest benefit of geopolymer is their ecological aspects.The paper presents the results of testing the physical, mechanical, and durability characteristics of geopolymermixtures. Fly ash was used as the primary material, while its partial replacement was made with the addition ofred mud. All geopolymer mortar mixes meet the basic requirements in terms of compressive and flexuralstrengths.The testing was continued on frost and thaw up to twenty-five cycles. It can be concluded that the coefficient ofresistance, in terms of flexural strength is greater than seventy-five percent only in the mixtures made withfifteen percent red mud and on the etalon sample. By calculating the compressive strength resistance parameter,it was concluded that all samples of geopolymer mortar that are made of fly ash and with the addition of redmud are freezing and thawing resistant up to twenty-five cycles.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73016381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that protect the host from infection by eliminating the invadingpathogens. In recent years, neutrophils and platelets have been shown to be active not only in inflammatoryprocesses but also in some pathological conditions, including the development of neoplastic diseases andthrombosis. The interaction between circulating platelets and neutrophils is characterised by the intensive exchangeof intracellular signals. Overexpression of some of these molecules has been reported, with increased leukocyte andplatelet activation as well as increased adhesion of blood cells to the vascular endothelium. Platelet-neutrophilinteractions are increased in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and are sensitive biomarkers for platelet activation andtargets for the development of new therapies. The crosstalk between platelets and innate immune cells promotesthrombosis, inflammation, and tissue damage.A key step in the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) is the process of interaction between theadhesion molecule P-selectin (CD62P) on the platelet membrane and the PSGL-1 ligand on neutrophils. Theformation of PNCs modulates a wide range of pathological conditions, including both innate and acquired immunesystems. PNCs are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, malignancies and thrombotic processes.The formation of PNCs is associated with the initiation of a number of processes at the cellular and molecular levels.Malignant diseases are risk factors for the occurrence of arterial, venous and microthrombosis, which are most oftenassociated with hypercoagulable processes that form platelet aggregates. By modulating the immune system throughdirect and indirect interactions with leukocytes, platelets regulate several aspects of tumor-related pathology.Thisreview aims at summarizing the role of platelet-neutrophil interactions in the development and progression of cancerand puts its focus on cancer-related alterations of platelet and leukocyte functions and their impact on cancerpathology.The analysis and evaluation of the levels of the circulating platelet- neutrophil complexes in blood in neoplasticdiseases can be used as potential predictors of tumor progression, metastasis and the occurrence of thrombosis.
{"title":"PLATELET- NEUTROPHIL COMPLEXES – DEFINITION, MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS (REVIEW)","authors":"Sheniz Yuzeir","doi":"10.35120/kij5404625y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404625y","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophils are innate immune cells that protect the host from infection by eliminating the invadingpathogens. In recent years, neutrophils and platelets have been shown to be active not only in inflammatoryprocesses but also in some pathological conditions, including the development of neoplastic diseases andthrombosis. The interaction between circulating platelets and neutrophils is characterised by the intensive exchangeof intracellular signals. Overexpression of some of these molecules has been reported, with increased leukocyte andplatelet activation as well as increased adhesion of blood cells to the vascular endothelium. Platelet-neutrophilinteractions are increased in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and are sensitive biomarkers for platelet activation andtargets for the development of new therapies. The crosstalk between platelets and innate immune cells promotesthrombosis, inflammation, and tissue damage.A key step in the formation of platelet-neutrophil complexes (PNCs) is the process of interaction between theadhesion molecule P-selectin (CD62P) on the platelet membrane and the PSGL-1 ligand on neutrophils. Theformation of PNCs modulates a wide range of pathological conditions, including both innate and acquired immunesystems. PNCs are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, malignancies and thrombotic processes.The formation of PNCs is associated with the initiation of a number of processes at the cellular and molecular levels.Malignant diseases are risk factors for the occurrence of arterial, venous and microthrombosis, which are most oftenassociated with hypercoagulable processes that form platelet aggregates. By modulating the immune system throughdirect and indirect interactions with leukocytes, platelets regulate several aspects of tumor-related pathology.Thisreview aims at summarizing the role of platelet-neutrophil interactions in the development and progression of cancerand puts its focus on cancer-related alterations of platelet and leukocyte functions and their impact on cancerpathology.The analysis and evaluation of the levels of the circulating platelet- neutrophil complexes in blood in neoplasticdiseases can be used as potential predictors of tumor progression, metastasis and the occurrence of thrombosis.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73779525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gordana Kamcheva Mihailova, Sasko Nikolov, Marijan Jovev, S. Jordanova
The clinical entity in which Wellens' electrocardiographic changes occur in normal coronary arteriesconfirmed by angiography is defined as Pseudo Wellens syndrome. Myocardial bridging is a condition wheremuscle fibers abnormally bridge the intramyocardial passage of an epicardial coronary artery, which subsequentlybecomes a tunneled pathway beneath them. It is most commonly found in the middle segment of the left anteriordescending artery (LAD) (70% to 90% of cases). It is recognized as the most common congenital coronary anomaly.Case report: A 49-year-old woman came to the emergency room because of tightness in her chest that she had a fewmonths ago, but today is more pronounced. After consultation, she was hospitalized at the cardiology department forfurther treatment and investigation. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with inverted T waves in precordialleads V2 to V5. She underwent distal transradial coronary angiography on the same day, which revealed mid-LADsegment systolic compression (10 mm) consistent with myocardial bypass.The clinician should be aware of MB as a potential cause of pseudo-Wellens syndrome and in the differentialdiagnosis of inverted T waves in a young subpopulation at presentation of acute coronary syndrome.
{"title":"CASE REPORT OF PSEUDO-WELLENS’ SYNDROME AND MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING IN A YOUNG WOMAN","authors":"Gordana Kamcheva Mihailova, Sasko Nikolov, Marijan Jovev, S. Jordanova","doi":"10.35120/kij5404597k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404597k","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical entity in which Wellens' electrocardiographic changes occur in normal coronary arteriesconfirmed by angiography is defined as Pseudo Wellens syndrome. Myocardial bridging is a condition wheremuscle fibers abnormally bridge the intramyocardial passage of an epicardial coronary artery, which subsequentlybecomes a tunneled pathway beneath them. It is most commonly found in the middle segment of the left anteriordescending artery (LAD) (70% to 90% of cases). It is recognized as the most common congenital coronary anomaly.Case report: A 49-year-old woman came to the emergency room because of tightness in her chest that she had a fewmonths ago, but today is more pronounced. After consultation, she was hospitalized at the cardiology department forfurther treatment and investigation. An electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with inverted T waves in precordialleads V2 to V5. She underwent distal transradial coronary angiography on the same day, which revealed mid-LADsegment systolic compression (10 mm) consistent with myocardial bypass.The clinician should be aware of MB as a potential cause of pseudo-Wellens syndrome and in the differentialdiagnosis of inverted T waves in a young subpopulation at presentation of acute coronary syndrome.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85073312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The novel "White Palaces" (“Sarajet e bardha”) by Vehbi Kikaj is one of the well-known works ofcontemporary Albanian children's literature. The fact that the work is dedicated to the child as a reader, underlinesthe importance of perception. The subject of the novel is a family drama which is experienced by the child character.The novel itself as a narrative stands between the author's word that stands out as a separated text. Withoutneglecting the substantive side, this paper aims to present how the phenomenon of putting the text in the text lookspractically. The starting point of the study is that there is no completely pure text since the existence of literatureitself. As the theory of intertextuality states, we consider that each text absorbs other works, is written on them, or isat the crossroads between textual surfaces.The primary, internal texts are in some cases separated from the new(secondary) text, but in other cases have unclear boundaries. In the analysis of this work, we rely on the positions ofwell-known theorists, including Renate Lachmann and Gearad Genette. By revealing the textual interferences, thepaper will reveal the directions of communication that the work pinpoints. These lines have different directionssuch as: folklore, history, even real or vacant texts that the characters talk about. The text that plays the role of theinternal text will be analyzed according to the way/technique of incorporation in the second textual material.Examples will illustrate cases of false citations and those with authorship, some of which are clearly marked. Wefind concrete examples of this in this work in the form of the story within the novel and the dream, which also hasits own internal time and is thus separated from the other text (the novel). Clarifying these distinctions, Barthe'sattitudes also are mentioned. According to him every text is created from preliminary quotations. By summarizingthese features, we aim to underline the importance of this work within contemporary Albanian children's literature.Also, this approach tries to fill the gaps of studies of this nature which the tradition of studying Albanian literaturefor children lacks.
Vehbi Kikaj的小说《白色宫殿》(Sarajet e bardha)是阿尔巴尼亚当代儿童文学的代表作之一。事实上，这部作品是献给作为读者的孩子们的，强调了感知的重要性。小说的主题是一个孩子所经历的家庭戏剧。小说本身作为一个叙述站在作者的话语之间，作为一个独立的文本脱颖而出。在不忽视文本实体性方面的前提下，本文旨在展示将文本置于文本中的现象是如何具有实践性的。本研究的出发点是，自文学本身存在以来，就不存在完全纯粹的文本。正如互文性理论所说，我们认为每个文本都吸收了其他作品，被写在它们上面，或者处于文本表面之间的十字路口。主要的内部文本在某些情况下与新的(次要)文本分开，但在其他情况下边界不明确。在对这项工作的分析中，我们依赖于知名理论家的立场，包括Renate Lachmann和Gearad Genette。通过揭示文本干扰，揭示作品所指向的交际方向。这些台词有不同的方向，比如:民间传说，历史，甚至是人物谈论的真实或空洞的文本。作为内部文本的文本将根据第二文本材料的整合方式/技术进行分析。示例将说明错误引用和注明作者的情况，其中一些已明确标记。在这部作品中，我们以小说和梦中的故事的形式找到了具体的例子，它也有自己的内部时间，因此与其他文本(小说)分开。澄清这些区别后，还提到了Barthe的态度。根据他的说法，每一篇文章都是由最初的引文创造出来的。通过总结这些特点，我们的目的是强调这项工作在当代阿尔巴尼亚儿童文学的重要性。此外，这种方法试图填补这类研究的空白，这是为儿童研究阿尔巴尼亚文学的传统所缺乏的。
{"title":"THE TEXT AS A REWRITE OF CITATIONS AND TEXT WITHIN TEXT IN THE NOVEL \"WHITE PALACES\" WRITTEN BY VEHBI KIKAJ","authors":"Jehona Rushidi-Rexhepi","doi":"10.35120/kij5405831r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405831r","url":null,"abstract":"The novel \"White Palaces\" (“Sarajet e bardha”) by Vehbi Kikaj is one of the well-known works ofcontemporary Albanian children's literature. The fact that the work is dedicated to the child as a reader, underlinesthe importance of perception. The subject of the novel is a family drama which is experienced by the child character.The novel itself as a narrative stands between the author's word that stands out as a separated text. Withoutneglecting the substantive side, this paper aims to present how the phenomenon of putting the text in the text lookspractically. The starting point of the study is that there is no completely pure text since the existence of literatureitself. As the theory of intertextuality states, we consider that each text absorbs other works, is written on them, or isat the crossroads between textual surfaces.The primary, internal texts are in some cases separated from the new(secondary) text, but in other cases have unclear boundaries. In the analysis of this work, we rely on the positions ofwell-known theorists, including Renate Lachmann and Gearad Genette. By revealing the textual interferences, thepaper will reveal the directions of communication that the work pinpoints. These lines have different directionssuch as: folklore, history, even real or vacant texts that the characters talk about. The text that plays the role of theinternal text will be analyzed according to the way/technique of incorporation in the second textual material.Examples will illustrate cases of false citations and those with authorship, some of which are clearly marked. Wefind concrete examples of this in this work in the form of the story within the novel and the dream, which also hasits own internal time and is thus separated from the other text (the novel). Clarifying these distinctions, Barthe'sattitudes also are mentioned. According to him every text is created from preliminary quotations. By summarizingthese features, we aim to underline the importance of this work within contemporary Albanian children's literature.Also, this approach tries to fill the gaps of studies of this nature which the tradition of studying Albanian literaturefor children lacks.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79733008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rise of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the gold standard for treating gallbladder calculi andpolyps, subvesical bile ducts are gaining increased clinical importance. With the introduction of electrocautery insurgery, a large part of these tubular structures, although with interrupted continuity, do not show extravasation ofbile content postoperatively. Decreased bile production during general anesthesia and increased intraperitonealpressure also make diagnosis of injuries difficult. Surgeons who frequently operate in the right upper quadrant haveto understand the anatomy of the biliary tree and its tendency for structural variation. The work of laparoscopicsurgeons should be conceptualized around three main goals: to enable safe identification of key anatomicalstructures, usually by providing a critical point of safety (Critical View of Safety), to make a decision at the rightmoment not to proceed with laparoscopic surgery when working conditions become too dangerous and there is nopossibility of identification of structures and to end the laparoscopic surgery with subtotal cholecystectomy whenidentification of structures is impossible. Controversy among authors on the naming of the various subvesicalstructures causes confusion in their identification and description. In order to overcome these challenges, there was aneed to establish classification systems for post-cholecystectomy lesions of the biliary tract. But due to theindividual shortcomings of all these systems, in June 2011, during the 19th meeting of the European Association forEndoscopic Surgery in Turin, Italy, a conference was held to reach a consensus to establish a uniform classificationof iatrogenic bile duct injuries that will have two primary goals: first, to take into account changes in the type ofinjuries with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and second, to combine all existing classificationsystems and integrate them into one, universally accepted classification system. As part of the new inclusiveclassification system for iatrogenic injuries of the biliary ducts, the following systems are considered: Bismuth,Strasberg et al., McMahon et al., AMA, Neuhaus et al., Csendes et al., Steward et al., Hanover, Lau and Lai ,Siewert et al., Cannon et al., Kapoor., Sandha et al.. In the new system a total of fifteen classifications areincorporated using semantic connotations and grouped into three categories that will allow easy memorization bysurgeons. A (anatomy) for anatomy, To (time of) for time/moment of observation and M (mechanism) for themechanism of occurrence of the injury. By enabling a more precise classification of each of the injuries, the surgicalcommunity will have the opportunity to develop recommendations for prevention, treatment and prognosis for theiroutcome.
{"title":"IATROGENIC INJURIES OF SUBVESICAL BILE DUCT - CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"P. Markov, Alexander Mitevski","doi":"10.35120/kij5404589m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404589m","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the gold standard for treating gallbladder calculi andpolyps, subvesical bile ducts are gaining increased clinical importance. With the introduction of electrocautery insurgery, a large part of these tubular structures, although with interrupted continuity, do not show extravasation ofbile content postoperatively. Decreased bile production during general anesthesia and increased intraperitonealpressure also make diagnosis of injuries difficult. Surgeons who frequently operate in the right upper quadrant haveto understand the anatomy of the biliary tree and its tendency for structural variation. The work of laparoscopicsurgeons should be conceptualized around three main goals: to enable safe identification of key anatomicalstructures, usually by providing a critical point of safety (Critical View of Safety), to make a decision at the rightmoment not to proceed with laparoscopic surgery when working conditions become too dangerous and there is nopossibility of identification of structures and to end the laparoscopic surgery with subtotal cholecystectomy whenidentification of structures is impossible. Controversy among authors on the naming of the various subvesicalstructures causes confusion in their identification and description. In order to overcome these challenges, there was aneed to establish classification systems for post-cholecystectomy lesions of the biliary tract. But due to theindividual shortcomings of all these systems, in June 2011, during the 19th meeting of the European Association forEndoscopic Surgery in Turin, Italy, a conference was held to reach a consensus to establish a uniform classificationof iatrogenic bile duct injuries that will have two primary goals: first, to take into account changes in the type ofinjuries with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and second, to combine all existing classificationsystems and integrate them into one, universally accepted classification system. As part of the new inclusiveclassification system for iatrogenic injuries of the biliary ducts, the following systems are considered: Bismuth,Strasberg et al., McMahon et al., AMA, Neuhaus et al., Csendes et al., Steward et al., Hanover, Lau and Lai ,Siewert et al., Cannon et al., Kapoor., Sandha et al.. In the new system a total of fifteen classifications areincorporated using semantic connotations and grouped into three categories that will allow easy memorization bysurgeons. A (anatomy) for anatomy, To (time of) for time/moment of observation and M (mechanism) for themechanism of occurrence of the injury. By enabling a more precise classification of each of the injuries, the surgicalcommunity will have the opportunity to develop recommendations for prevention, treatment and prognosis for theiroutcome.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83812832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Stosovic, Dušan Stefanović, Milan Bogdanović, Nikola V. Vukotić
The digitization trend poses the challenge to development engineers to design and program softwaresolutions compatible with different hardware platforms and operating systems in the shortest possible time. Thesedifferences are particularly prominent between Android and iOS mobile devices. For this reason, certain frameworksare created that enable the rapid creation of application software for different hardware platforms by writing onlyone code base. Applications created in this way are called hybrid applications. This paper was written to familiarizethe reader with the current possibilities of applying modern web technologies for the creation of hybrid mobileapplications. Through this paper, the principles of functioning of the Flutter working framework are presented to thereader, as well as the basics of the Dart programming language, used in the Flutter framework. The inner workingsconcepts of the Flutter framework are presented to the reader through practical examples of implementations of theapplication for purchasing and booking airplane tickets. The work also shows the internal system of widgets, whichare used to create parts of the graphical interface within the application, as well as parts of the code of the projectwritten in the Dart programming language.
{"title":"THE USE OF THE FLUTTER FRAMEWORK IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF HYBRID MOBILE APPLICATIONS","authors":"S. Stosovic, Dušan Stefanović, Milan Bogdanović, Nikola V. Vukotić","doi":"10.35120/kij5403477s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403477s","url":null,"abstract":"The digitization trend poses the challenge to development engineers to design and program softwaresolutions compatible with different hardware platforms and operating systems in the shortest possible time. Thesedifferences are particularly prominent between Android and iOS mobile devices. For this reason, certain frameworksare created that enable the rapid creation of application software for different hardware platforms by writing onlyone code base. Applications created in this way are called hybrid applications. This paper was written to familiarizethe reader with the current possibilities of applying modern web technologies for the creation of hybrid mobileapplications. Through this paper, the principles of functioning of the Flutter working framework are presented to thereader, as well as the basics of the Dart programming language, used in the Flutter framework. The inner workingsconcepts of the Flutter framework are presented to the reader through practical examples of implementations of theapplication for purchasing and booking airplane tickets. The work also shows the internal system of widgets, whichare used to create parts of the graphical interface within the application, as well as parts of the code of the projectwritten in the Dart programming language.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90600925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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