A wide spectrum of biological activity and the possibility of diverse chemical modification of isatinderivatives prompts the search for new highly active compounds as potential drugs among condensed and noncondensedheterocyclic systems containing the specified molecular "matrix". Studies of 1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indoles,the chemical precursors of which are isatins, have shown the prospect of their use in the treatment of oncologicaldiseases. In addition, potential antifungal, antiviral, antihypertensive agents have been identified among thesederivatives.Adhering to the main synthetic strategy of our research, which is based on the "hybrid-pharmacophoric" approach inthe synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives of 4-thiazolidinone, in our opinion, the combination of the mainscaffold (4-thiazolidinone) and the structural "imitator" is interesting and promising of the isatin "matrix" -triazinoindole fragment, as well as the synthesis of new polyheterocyclic ensembles, including those with apharmacologically attractive pyrazoline fragment. Under the conditions of the S-alkylation reaction of 3-mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indoles, 2-chloro-1-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydropyrazole- 1-yl)ethanones, which made it possibleto obtain 1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole-pyrazolines with preparative yields. By hydrazinolysis of 3-mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indoles, corresponding hydrazines were obtained, which were successfully used for the first time inthe Holmberg reaction, and derivatives of the triazinoindole-thiazolidinone system were obtained – 3-(1,2 ,4-triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylamino-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-ones Chemical modification of methylene-active compoundswas carried out under the conditions of the Kniovenagel reaction with aromatic aldehydes and isatin derivatives,which was substantiated by the results of biological studies of structurally related heteryl-substituted 5-ylidenerhodanines. The synthesis of derivatives of the 4-thiazolidinone-thiadiazinoindole system, which is based onthe interaction of N-(1,3,4-thiadiazinoindol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamides with ammonium thiocyanate in an acetonemedium, was carried out. The obtained conjugates are methylene-active compounds, which made it possible tosynthesize a series of 5-arylidene derivatives under the conditions of the Kniovenagel reaction. The purpose of thework is to experimentally confirm or refute the feasibility of chemical modification of isatin into the triazineindolinesystem and its combination with 4-thiazolidinone biophore for the search of new biologically activecompounds, including highly active antitumor agents. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmedby NMR spectroscopy. To study the structure in the solid state, the IR spectra of the key compounds in KBr tabletswere studied.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND CONVERSION OF NEW POTENTIALLY BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE 4-THIAZOLIDINONE DERIVATIVES WITH A TRIAZINOINDOLE FRAGMENT IN THE MOLECULES","authors":"S. Harkov","doi":"10.35120/kij5404677h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404677h","url":null,"abstract":"A wide spectrum of biological activity and the possibility of diverse chemical modification of isatinderivatives prompts the search for new highly active compounds as potential drugs among condensed and noncondensedheterocyclic systems containing the specified molecular \"matrix\". Studies of 1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indoles,the chemical precursors of which are isatins, have shown the prospect of their use in the treatment of oncologicaldiseases. In addition, potential antifungal, antiviral, antihypertensive agents have been identified among thesederivatives.Adhering to the main synthetic strategy of our research, which is based on the \"hybrid-pharmacophoric\" approach inthe synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives of 4-thiazolidinone, in our opinion, the combination of the mainscaffold (4-thiazolidinone) and the structural \"imitator\" is interesting and promising of the isatin \"matrix\" -triazinoindole fragment, as well as the synthesis of new polyheterocyclic ensembles, including those with apharmacologically attractive pyrazoline fragment. Under the conditions of the S-alkylation reaction of 3-mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indoles, 2-chloro-1-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydropyrazole- 1-yl)ethanones, which made it possibleto obtain 1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indole-pyrazolines with preparative yields. By hydrazinolysis of 3-mercapto-5H-1,2,4-triazino[5,6-b]indoles, corresponding hydrazines were obtained, which were successfully used for the first time inthe Holmberg reaction, and derivatives of the triazinoindole-thiazolidinone system were obtained – 3-(1,2 ,4-triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylamino-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-ones Chemical modification of methylene-active compoundswas carried out under the conditions of the Kniovenagel reaction with aromatic aldehydes and isatin derivatives,which was substantiated by the results of biological studies of structurally related heteryl-substituted 5-ylidenerhodanines. The synthesis of derivatives of the 4-thiazolidinone-thiadiazinoindole system, which is based onthe interaction of N-(1,3,4-thiadiazinoindol-2-yl)-2-chloroacetamides with ammonium thiocyanate in an acetonemedium, was carried out. The obtained conjugates are methylene-active compounds, which made it possible tosynthesize a series of 5-arylidene derivatives under the conditions of the Kniovenagel reaction. The purpose of thework is to experimentally confirm or refute the feasibility of chemical modification of isatin into the triazineindolinesystem and its combination with 4-thiazolidinone biophore for the search of new biologically activecompounds, including highly active antitumor agents. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmedby NMR spectroscopy. To study the structure in the solid state, the IR spectra of the key compounds in KBr tabletswere studied.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87817402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We live in a world where visuals are becoming very important, as most information is presented as acombination of words and pictures which provide the opportunity to create concrete and abstract ideas for readingthrough the formation of images in the mind. Everything in the world is a photo. The written (text) is a photo, andthe photo represents a text. Visual literacy is the ability to use images to construct meaning. The advantages ofsymbols have long been recognized, which is why we are increasingly incorporating symbolic teaching and learningtoday. Using words and images allows the thought process to be visible, that is, it allows us to put ideas on paper,out of the brain, where we can explore them more deeply. Since visualization is considered a factor that directlyaffects the level of understanding and retention of students’ attention, many remarks addressed the inclusion of thiscomponent in the preliminary books. To gather experience and findings about the impact of the inclusion of imagesand visual representations on the attention of students, a questionnaire was carried out with teachers who worked inthe lower primary cycle. However, since the research problem has to do with the positive impact of these visualshows on maintaining the students' attention, direct observation of the students was also carried out. The researchwill reveal data and qualitative analysis obtained from the observation of students of the lower primary cycle of twoschools in the cities of Tetovo, Skopje, Gostivar, and Kiçevo, one of which is a school in the city and one in thevillage. The retention of students' attention has been compared using books that are supported by visual andcontrasting images. The data collected from the statements collected from the questionnaires and qualitative datacollected from the observation are analyzed with statistical procedures and methods. The arithmetic mean was usedto describe the quantitative data obtained from this research. To measure the variability of the data, the standarddeviation measure was used, a t-test of statistical significance and ANOVA were used to determine the differencesbetween the groups, while the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between thevariables. The results obtained about this complicated and active act, prompt many questions, but also support manyconclusions that cause different associations and suggest many solutions presented in the relevant research in theform of suggestions.
{"title":"THE POSITIVE INFLUENCE OF IMAGES AND GRAPHICS PRESENTATIONS IN TEACHING TEXTS FOR KEEPING STUDENTS' ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION","authors":"Arbresha Zenki-Dalipi, Rabije Osmani","doi":"10.35120/kij5405751z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405751z","url":null,"abstract":"We live in a world where visuals are becoming very important, as most information is presented as acombination of words and pictures which provide the opportunity to create concrete and abstract ideas for readingthrough the formation of images in the mind. Everything in the world is a photo. The written (text) is a photo, andthe photo represents a text. Visual literacy is the ability to use images to construct meaning. The advantages ofsymbols have long been recognized, which is why we are increasingly incorporating symbolic teaching and learningtoday. Using words and images allows the thought process to be visible, that is, it allows us to put ideas on paper,out of the brain, where we can explore them more deeply. Since visualization is considered a factor that directlyaffects the level of understanding and retention of students’ attention, many remarks addressed the inclusion of thiscomponent in the preliminary books. To gather experience and findings about the impact of the inclusion of imagesand visual representations on the attention of students, a questionnaire was carried out with teachers who worked inthe lower primary cycle. However, since the research problem has to do with the positive impact of these visualshows on maintaining the students' attention, direct observation of the students was also carried out. The researchwill reveal data and qualitative analysis obtained from the observation of students of the lower primary cycle of twoschools in the cities of Tetovo, Skopje, Gostivar, and Kiçevo, one of which is a school in the city and one in thevillage. The retention of students' attention has been compared using books that are supported by visual andcontrasting images. The data collected from the statements collected from the questionnaires and qualitative datacollected from the observation are analyzed with statistical procedures and methods. The arithmetic mean was usedto describe the quantitative data obtained from this research. To measure the variability of the data, the standarddeviation measure was used, a t-test of statistical significance and ANOVA were used to determine the differencesbetween the groups, while the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between thevariables. The results obtained about this complicated and active act, prompt many questions, but also support manyconclusions that cause different associations and suggest many solutions presented in the relevant research in theform of suggestions.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82277344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The frequency of occurrence of acquired flat feet increases with the development of civilization, becausethe gripping function has completely disappeared and today the foot is exclusively used for support. The correctshape and function of the foot directly depends on a properly built bone structure and a good balance of the strengthof the muscles involved in standing and walking. If this balance is disturbed, as a result, the vaults descend. The aimof the work was to analyze the prevalence of lowered foot arches in boys and girls aged 6 to 11 from Bijeljina andBrčko (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The research was transversal in nature, only one measurement was carried out.235 children of both sexes, 111 boys and 124 girls, took part in the analysis of the arches of the feet. The diagnosisof flat feet is based on the valgus position of the heel and the lowered arches of the feet. The subjects' feet werescanned in a standing position with a computer digital podoscope SupOrt. This measuring instrument analyzes thestatus of the arch of the foot in 5 degrees, four degrees refer to a flat foot and one to the so-called indented foot. Theresearch results show a high prevalence of lowered foot arches in the analyzed sample of respondents of 63%. Malerespondents had a significantly higher prevalence of lowered foot arches compared to female respondents. Thisresearch is one of the few that uses a reliable digital computer podoscope to analyze the arches of the feet. Childrenwith increased body mass had a higher prevalence of foot deformities.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF FOOT DEFORMITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN","authors":"N. Mitrovic, D. Stević","doi":"10.35120/kij5404655m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404655m","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency of occurrence of acquired flat feet increases with the development of civilization, becausethe gripping function has completely disappeared and today the foot is exclusively used for support. The correctshape and function of the foot directly depends on a properly built bone structure and a good balance of the strengthof the muscles involved in standing and walking. If this balance is disturbed, as a result, the vaults descend. The aimof the work was to analyze the prevalence of lowered foot arches in boys and girls aged 6 to 11 from Bijeljina andBrčko (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The research was transversal in nature, only one measurement was carried out.235 children of both sexes, 111 boys and 124 girls, took part in the analysis of the arches of the feet. The diagnosisof flat feet is based on the valgus position of the heel and the lowered arches of the feet. The subjects' feet werescanned in a standing position with a computer digital podoscope SupOrt. This measuring instrument analyzes thestatus of the arch of the foot in 5 degrees, four degrees refer to a flat foot and one to the so-called indented foot. Theresearch results show a high prevalence of lowered foot arches in the analyzed sample of respondents of 63%. Malerespondents had a significantly higher prevalence of lowered foot arches compared to female respondents. Thisresearch is one of the few that uses a reliable digital computer podoscope to analyze the arches of the feet. Childrenwith increased body mass had a higher prevalence of foot deformities.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74509338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the statistical analysis determined a representative of the state of reverberation in theSerbian Orthodox Church of "St. Prokopius" in Katun. The first part of the paper explains the experiment based onthe process of recording acoustic impulse responses and determines the value of the early reverberation time EDTand the reverberation time RT10, RT20, and RT30 at the central frequencies fc = {125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000} Hzusing ARTA software package. The experiment results (tabular and graphical) obtained by statistical analysis usingthe Matlab software package are also presented. In the second part of the paper, the results of the experimentanalysis were carried out. By comparing them, it was concluded which acoustic parameter is representative of thestate of reverberation in the analyses of the Serbian Orthodox church.
{"title":"REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STATE OF REVERBERATION IN THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH","authors":"Violeta Stojanović, Z. Milivojevic","doi":"10.35120/kij5403485s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403485s","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the statistical analysis determined a representative of the state of reverberation in theSerbian Orthodox Church of \"St. Prokopius\" in Katun. The first part of the paper explains the experiment based onthe process of recording acoustic impulse responses and determines the value of the early reverberation time EDTand the reverberation time RT10, RT20, and RT30 at the central frequencies fc = {125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000} Hzusing ARTA software package. The experiment results (tabular and graphical) obtained by statistical analysis usingthe Matlab software package are also presented. In the second part of the paper, the results of the experimentanalysis were carried out. By comparing them, it was concluded which acoustic parameter is representative of thestate of reverberation in the analyses of the Serbian Orthodox church.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77486171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albania was considered "a wild province" by the British missions that served in the "land of the eagles"during the Second World War. First, the Italian occupation and then the German occupation created the ground forthe anti-fascist national liberation war, carried out by various political forces operating in the country at that time.This paper aims to analyze the approaches and controversies of the civil war in Albania through the lens of Britishmilitary missions’ (SOE) official documents, Albanian archival documentation as well as from the literature ofvarious authors. Referring to this documentation, the beginning of the civil war in Albania is related to thecapitulation of Italy in September 1943 and the arrival of the German army, which occupied Albania, Yugoslaviaand Greece in three weeks. Domestic political situation in Albania was strained because off encountered difficultiesin creating a common front by the nationalist forces. The main rivalry was between a part of National Front calledBalli Kombetar (BK) and Albanian Communist Party (ACP). BK was a republican, liberal and nationalist wingorganization with an anti-communist program. Meanwhile, ACP identified itself with the National Liberation Front.In the vortex of these events, in August 1943 it was organized a meeting called “Mukje Meeting” due to the name ofthe village where it was held. The two rival political forces concluded an agreement, which lasted only one month;the communists cancelled it under the directives of the Yugoslavs because it meant equal power for both politicalforces and territorial unification with Kosovo after the war. These and other decisions were officially announced atthe next conference organized by APC, called Labinot Conference II (September 1943). At the Central Archives ofAlbania it is found a circular - letter of October 1, year 1943 addressed to the APC Committees. Through it EnverHoxha, as the secretary of APC opposed the union of BK forces with National Front, describing them as enemies.From this moment and on began the civil war. The confrontations are confirmed by the reports of SOE addressed tothe British Foreign Ministry; it was reported that only 10% of the British weapons given to the communists wereused in the war against the Germans, while the rest, 90% of them were used to fight the opponents (BK). Communisthistoriography denied the existence of civil war by censoring the history learned by Albanians for 45 years. After thefall of the communist regime, it was a necessary reviewing and rewriting the history of Albania. Even today,historians share different opinions regarding the period of World War II and especially the (in)existence of the civilwar. The fact that Albania has had a civil war reflected in the struggle for power, just like the countries of the region,does not at all diminish the organization of a liberation war and its commitment to the Allies. To reflect about thisperiod of Albania's history, we will refer to historical facts
{"title":"REFLECTING ABOUT THE CIVIL WAR IN ALBANIA","authors":"Alba Kreka","doi":"10.35120/kij5405867k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405867k","url":null,"abstract":"Albania was considered \"a wild province\" by the British missions that served in the \"land of the eagles\"during the Second World War. First, the Italian occupation and then the German occupation created the ground forthe anti-fascist national liberation war, carried out by various political forces operating in the country at that time.This paper aims to analyze the approaches and controversies of the civil war in Albania through the lens of Britishmilitary missions’ (SOE) official documents, Albanian archival documentation as well as from the literature ofvarious authors. Referring to this documentation, the beginning of the civil war in Albania is related to thecapitulation of Italy in September 1943 and the arrival of the German army, which occupied Albania, Yugoslaviaand Greece in three weeks. Domestic political situation in Albania was strained because off encountered difficultiesin creating a common front by the nationalist forces. The main rivalry was between a part of National Front calledBalli Kombetar (BK) and Albanian Communist Party (ACP). BK was a republican, liberal and nationalist wingorganization with an anti-communist program. Meanwhile, ACP identified itself with the National Liberation Front.In the vortex of these events, in August 1943 it was organized a meeting called “Mukje Meeting” due to the name ofthe village where it was held. The two rival political forces concluded an agreement, which lasted only one month;the communists cancelled it under the directives of the Yugoslavs because it meant equal power for both politicalforces and territorial unification with Kosovo after the war. These and other decisions were officially announced atthe next conference organized by APC, called Labinot Conference II (September 1943). At the Central Archives ofAlbania it is found a circular - letter of October 1, year 1943 addressed to the APC Committees. Through it EnverHoxha, as the secretary of APC opposed the union of BK forces with National Front, describing them as enemies.From this moment and on began the civil war. The confrontations are confirmed by the reports of SOE addressed tothe British Foreign Ministry; it was reported that only 10% of the British weapons given to the communists wereused in the war against the Germans, while the rest, 90% of them were used to fight the opponents (BK). Communisthistoriography denied the existence of civil war by censoring the history learned by Albanians for 45 years. After thefall of the communist regime, it was a necessary reviewing and rewriting the history of Albania. Even today,historians share different opinions regarding the period of World War II and especially the (in)existence of the civilwar. The fact that Albania has had a civil war reflected in the struggle for power, just like the countries of the region,does not at all diminish the organization of a liberation war and its commitment to the Allies. To reflect about thisperiod of Albania's history, we will refer to historical facts","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76633825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the article is the rhythm in the verse. The theory of alternation and its suitability forpractical use is examined. A rhythm based on rhythmic strokes (ictuses) and their sequential occurrence in time ispreferred. The issue of interictus, which are important in forming the poetic rhythm, is also touched upon.
{"title":"ON RHYTHM IN POETRY","authors":"A. Baeva","doi":"10.35120/kij5405817b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405817b","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the rhythm in the verse. The theory of alternation and its suitability forpractical use is examined. A rhythm based on rhythmic strokes (ictuses) and their sequential occurrence in time ispreferred. The issue of interictus, which are important in forming the poetic rhythm, is also touched upon.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73776251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increase in the price of electricity in the past period, crisis with COVID-19, as well as the war in Ukraine,have led to uncertainty about what kind of winter we will have and how we will meet it in terms of electricitysupply. This situation imposes the need to search for appropriate solutions that will alleviate the situation, for which,in reality, no one has a real picture yet. The Republic of North Macedonia, as a candidate country for membership inthe European Union, follows the steps and legal regulations of the EU, implementing the regulations andrecommendations that should be applied in the direction of energy standards. Hence, changes were made in the legalregulations of the state, i.e. the new energy law was adopted, which is in line with the European regulations, EnergyDevelopment Strategy until 2040, and the National Climate and Energy Plan was adopted.The energy transition in Europe is an inevitable process, which is also happening in the Republic of NorthMacedonia. According to such commitments at the state level, local self-government units have their own significantrole in the transition process, applying the use of renewable energy sources. Hence, the need to include appropriatelytrained personnel in the municipalities is increasingly being imposed, in order to make their own contribution tobetter energy standards, and thus environmental protection.From the experiences so far, the Municipality of Bitola, within the framework of the legal regulations, is working onthe process of improving the energy efficiency of the buildings under its jurisdiction. This means that in addition tothe building of the municipal administration, the facilities of public enterprises, schools, kindergartens, the sportshall "Boro Churlevski" and the nursing home "Sue Ryder" are under the jurisdiction of the municipality.In all these facilities, it is necessary to determine the level of their energy categorization, that is, the facilities shouldreceive an appropriate classification in terms of energy efficiency with the letters A to G. If the building has acategory A, it will use up to 90% less energy than the one that is rated as the lowest. Class B will spend about 70%less than the rest and class C will spend 35% less. In order to improve this categorization, work is being done in themunicipal facilities to improve the heating systems, air conditioning systems, lighting, etc. In the Municipality ofBitola, in most of the municipal buildings, a large number of activities have been carried out to improve energyefficiency, and the lighting has been replaced with LED bulbs.Building insulation is an important part of saving electricity, so it is also a significant step in improving conditionsin buildings. Photovoltaic and their installation, as well as renewable energy sources, not only contribute to savingelectricity, but also reduce CO2 emissions.The following paper will give an overview of the last measures taken at the local level and the efforts to overco
{"title":"COMMITMENTS TO OVERCOME THE ENERGY CRISIS","authors":"Emilija Sarafska","doi":"10.35120/kij5403409s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403409s","url":null,"abstract":"Increase in the price of electricity in the past period, crisis with COVID-19, as well as the war in Ukraine,have led to uncertainty about what kind of winter we will have and how we will meet it in terms of electricitysupply. This situation imposes the need to search for appropriate solutions that will alleviate the situation, for which,in reality, no one has a real picture yet. The Republic of North Macedonia, as a candidate country for membership inthe European Union, follows the steps and legal regulations of the EU, implementing the regulations andrecommendations that should be applied in the direction of energy standards. Hence, changes were made in the legalregulations of the state, i.e. the new energy law was adopted, which is in line with the European regulations, EnergyDevelopment Strategy until 2040, and the National Climate and Energy Plan was adopted.The energy transition in Europe is an inevitable process, which is also happening in the Republic of NorthMacedonia. According to such commitments at the state level, local self-government units have their own significantrole in the transition process, applying the use of renewable energy sources. Hence, the need to include appropriatelytrained personnel in the municipalities is increasingly being imposed, in order to make their own contribution tobetter energy standards, and thus environmental protection.From the experiences so far, the Municipality of Bitola, within the framework of the legal regulations, is working onthe process of improving the energy efficiency of the buildings under its jurisdiction. This means that in addition tothe building of the municipal administration, the facilities of public enterprises, schools, kindergartens, the sportshall \"Boro Churlevski\" and the nursing home \"Sue Ryder\" are under the jurisdiction of the municipality.In all these facilities, it is necessary to determine the level of their energy categorization, that is, the facilities shouldreceive an appropriate classification in terms of energy efficiency with the letters A to G. If the building has acategory A, it will use up to 90% less energy than the one that is rated as the lowest. Class B will spend about 70%less than the rest and class C will spend 35% less. In order to improve this categorization, work is being done in themunicipal facilities to improve the heating systems, air conditioning systems, lighting, etc. In the Municipality ofBitola, in most of the municipal buildings, a large number of activities have been carried out to improve energyefficiency, and the lighting has been replaced with LED bulbs.Building insulation is an important part of saving electricity, so it is also a significant step in improving conditionsin buildings. Photovoltaic and their installation, as well as renewable energy sources, not only contribute to savingelectricity, but also reduce CO2 emissions.The following paper will give an overview of the last measures taken at the local level and the efforts to overco","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86894061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forklift is one of the most frequently used work machines in internal transport. It has a whole rangeof advantages compared to similar machines used in cargo handling, first of all, great maneuverability and easyadaptability to changes in the technological process. When talking about disadvantages, there seems to be only one,and that is working at the limit of stability. The concept of stability in a forklift is defined as its ability to avoidtipping over. In most cases, accidents with forklifts are the result of poor handling by the operator, that is, it is asubjective factor. However, large manufacturers of forklifts, such as Kalmar, Toyota, Caterpillar, Linde and others.with new technological solutions on forklifts, they are trying to reduce the possibility of endangering the stabilityand overturning of the forklift. Although there are many such solutions, some of which are still in the realm oftheoretical research, in this work four solutions have been selected and analyzed, which have their own commercialapplication. It should be acknowledged that although there is no research to show the success of these solutions inthe field, through the reduced number of accidents, the stability of the forklift is undoubtedly increased. Although inthe paper, the analyzed solutions are not ranked in order of importance, the opinion of the author of this paper is thatToyota's active stability system is the pinnacle of a technical solution that ensures safe and secure operation. It is atechnology that ensures both static and dynamic stability, that is, it provides assistance both during driving and whenworking with loads at height. Another solution is the use of automatically guided forklifts in internal transport. It is adriverless forklift that autonomously follows a series of pre-determined programmed instructions to performactivities given by a central automatic controller. Moving along the programmed paths, there is no possibility thatthe stability of the forklift is compromised. Although the active stability system and driverless forklifts haveundoubted qualities, the number of such forklifts in Serbia is at the level of a statistical error, probably due to thehigh price compared to classic forklifts. The solution with increasing the dimensions of the forklift is good, butapplicable only for forklifts with a large capacity, which make up 1% of the total number of forklifts. In the end,although the use of special gripping devices is probably the weakest solution, in a technical sense, it is probably alsothe most acceptable because it is not excessively financially demanding.
{"title":"NEW TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR INCREASING FORKLIFT STABILITY","authors":"B. Cvetanović, Dušan Radosavljević","doi":"10.35120/kij5403533c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403533c","url":null,"abstract":"The forklift is one of the most frequently used work machines in internal transport. It has a whole rangeof advantages compared to similar machines used in cargo handling, first of all, great maneuverability and easyadaptability to changes in the technological process. When talking about disadvantages, there seems to be only one,and that is working at the limit of stability. The concept of stability in a forklift is defined as its ability to avoidtipping over. In most cases, accidents with forklifts are the result of poor handling by the operator, that is, it is asubjective factor. However, large manufacturers of forklifts, such as Kalmar, Toyota, Caterpillar, Linde and others.with new technological solutions on forklifts, they are trying to reduce the possibility of endangering the stabilityand overturning of the forklift. Although there are many such solutions, some of which are still in the realm oftheoretical research, in this work four solutions have been selected and analyzed, which have their own commercialapplication. It should be acknowledged that although there is no research to show the success of these solutions inthe field, through the reduced number of accidents, the stability of the forklift is undoubtedly increased. Although inthe paper, the analyzed solutions are not ranked in order of importance, the opinion of the author of this paper is thatToyota's active stability system is the pinnacle of a technical solution that ensures safe and secure operation. It is atechnology that ensures both static and dynamic stability, that is, it provides assistance both during driving and whenworking with loads at height. Another solution is the use of automatically guided forklifts in internal transport. It is adriverless forklift that autonomously follows a series of pre-determined programmed instructions to performactivities given by a central automatic controller. Moving along the programmed paths, there is no possibility thatthe stability of the forklift is compromised. Although the active stability system and driverless forklifts haveundoubted qualities, the number of such forklifts in Serbia is at the level of a statistical error, probably due to thehigh price compared to classic forklifts. The solution with increasing the dimensions of the forklift is good, butapplicable only for forklifts with a large capacity, which make up 1% of the total number of forklifts. In the end,although the use of special gripping devices is probably the weakest solution, in a technical sense, it is probably alsothe most acceptable because it is not excessively financially demanding.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86295818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This papers represents one of the most widely challenging control problems. The most accepted blockdiagrams in automatic control used to describe processes have been replaced by control based on bond graphmodeling. The bond graph model one physical model hydraulic process is presented. The goal of the research is toobtain a model of process with and without knowledge of the mathematical model, which is used to obtain asimulation and prediction model. Due to the feedback effect of the liquid in the pipes (power and flow), a bicausalbond graph was used as the flow source. Bond graphs have a basic concept in their physics - energy that isexchanged through connectors 0 and 1 (ports). Effort e (force, voltage, pressure, etc.) and flow f (current, velocity,volume, etc.) are general physical quantities that are used to analyze the appropriate physical model and descriptionfor bond graph modeling and that very successfully. Bond-graph modeling is a powerful tool for modelingengineering systems, especially when physical domains are involved. Submodels graph can be reused, because linkgraph models are not causal. Connection graphs are labeled and directed graphs, in which vertices representsubmodels and arrows represent the ideal energy connection between power ports. Bond has a direction of strengthand a direction of causality. The assigned computational causality dictates which port variable will be computed asthe result (output) and accordingly, another port variable will be the cause (input). Graphs can be connected to partsof the block diagram, submodels of the connection graph can have power connections, signal inputs and signaloutputs as their interface elements. Aspects such as the physical domain of the connection (energy flow) can be usedto support the modeling process. The research in this work is on obtaining a fast and adequate physical model withgood knowledge of physical changes.
{"title":"BOND GRAPH BICAUSALITY MODELING THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM","authors":"Dragana M. Trajković, B. Dimitrijević","doi":"10.35120/kij5403521t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403521t","url":null,"abstract":"This papers represents one of the most widely challenging control problems. The most accepted blockdiagrams in automatic control used to describe processes have been replaced by control based on bond graphmodeling. The bond graph model one physical model hydraulic process is presented. The goal of the research is toobtain a model of process with and without knowledge of the mathematical model, which is used to obtain asimulation and prediction model. Due to the feedback effect of the liquid in the pipes (power and flow), a bicausalbond graph was used as the flow source. Bond graphs have a basic concept in their physics - energy that isexchanged through connectors 0 and 1 (ports). Effort e (force, voltage, pressure, etc.) and flow f (current, velocity,volume, etc.) are general physical quantities that are used to analyze the appropriate physical model and descriptionfor bond graph modeling and that very successfully. Bond-graph modeling is a powerful tool for modelingengineering systems, especially when physical domains are involved. Submodels graph can be reused, because linkgraph models are not causal. Connection graphs are labeled and directed graphs, in which vertices representsubmodels and arrows represent the ideal energy connection between power ports. Bond has a direction of strengthand a direction of causality. The assigned computational causality dictates which port variable will be computed asthe result (output) and accordingly, another port variable will be the cause (input). Graphs can be connected to partsof the block diagram, submodels of the connection graph can have power connections, signal inputs and signaloutputs as their interface elements. Aspects such as the physical domain of the connection (energy flow) can be usedto support the modeling process. The research in this work is on obtaining a fast and adequate physical model withgood knowledge of physical changes.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82389957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudomonas fluorescens is an aerobic, rod-shaped, non-sporulating gram-negative bacteria, mostlyfound in soil, decaying organic matter and feces. This species contaminates the milk mainly through animal feeddust, silage, utensils and polluted water. In addition to casein digestion, this psychotropic and lipolytic speciesgenerates butyric and caproic acids by fermentation of milk fat, which release a strong unpleasant odor and give arancid and bitter taste to dairy products. In this study we tested 48 hours old sheep's sour milk, produced in ahousehold in Vlasina, southeastern Serbia, using traditional method. Standard bacteriological protocols were usedfor isolation and identification Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. Biochemical identification was performed usingthe commercial API 32GN E system, and 60473057073 profile was obtained (Pseudomonas fluorescens, %Id=99.5and T=0.74). Positive biochemical tests were: N-acetyl-glukosamine (NAG), D-Ribose (RIB), Sodium malonate(MNT), Sodium acetate (ACE), Lactic acid (LAT), L-Alanine (ALA), D-Mannitol (MAN), D-Glucose (GLU), LArabinose(ARA), Capric acid (CAP), Valeric acid (VALT), Trisodium citrate (CIT), L-Histidine (HIS), Potasium2-ketogluconate (2KG), 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (3OBU), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pOBE), L-Serine (SER), LProline(PRO) and Oxidase (OX). Negative biochemical tests were: L-Rhamnose (RHA), Inositol (INO), DSaccharose(SAC), D-Maltose (MAL), Itaconic acid (ITA), Suberic acid (SUB), Salicin (SAL), D-Melibose (MEL),L-Fucose (FUC), D-Sorbitol (SOR), Propionic acid (PROP), Potasium 5-ketogluconate (5KG), Glycogen (GLYG)and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (mOBE). Based on the example of the strain Pseudomonas fluorescens, the API ID 32GN system proved to be precise and very efficient in the identification of this lipolytic type. Given thatpasteurization and cooling processes do not entirely inhibit the enzym activity and growth of this psychotrophicbacteria, informing individual milk and milk product manufacturers in the Vlasina region about good manufacturingpractices would limit contamination and bacteriological deterioration.
{"title":"PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS IN SHEEP MILK GREEK YOGHURT FROM VLASINA – A BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION","authors":"Srđan Tasić, A. Janjic","doi":"10.35120/kij5403421t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403421t","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas fluorescens is an aerobic, rod-shaped, non-sporulating gram-negative bacteria, mostlyfound in soil, decaying organic matter and feces. This species contaminates the milk mainly through animal feeddust, silage, utensils and polluted water. In addition to casein digestion, this psychotropic and lipolytic speciesgenerates butyric and caproic acids by fermentation of milk fat, which release a strong unpleasant odor and give arancid and bitter taste to dairy products. In this study we tested 48 hours old sheep's sour milk, produced in ahousehold in Vlasina, southeastern Serbia, using traditional method. Standard bacteriological protocols were usedfor isolation and identification Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. Biochemical identification was performed usingthe commercial API 32GN E system, and 60473057073 profile was obtained (Pseudomonas fluorescens, %Id=99.5and T=0.74). Positive biochemical tests were: N-acetyl-glukosamine (NAG), D-Ribose (RIB), Sodium malonate(MNT), Sodium acetate (ACE), Lactic acid (LAT), L-Alanine (ALA), D-Mannitol (MAN), D-Glucose (GLU), LArabinose(ARA), Capric acid (CAP), Valeric acid (VALT), Trisodium citrate (CIT), L-Histidine (HIS), Potasium2-ketogluconate (2KG), 3-Hydroxybutyric acid (3OBU), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pOBE), L-Serine (SER), LProline(PRO) and Oxidase (OX). Negative biochemical tests were: L-Rhamnose (RHA), Inositol (INO), DSaccharose(SAC), D-Maltose (MAL), Itaconic acid (ITA), Suberic acid (SUB), Salicin (SAL), D-Melibose (MEL),L-Fucose (FUC), D-Sorbitol (SOR), Propionic acid (PROP), Potasium 5-ketogluconate (5KG), Glycogen (GLYG)and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (mOBE). Based on the example of the strain Pseudomonas fluorescens, the API ID 32GN system proved to be precise and very efficient in the identification of this lipolytic type. Given thatpasteurization and cooling processes do not entirely inhibit the enzym activity and growth of this psychotrophicbacteria, informing individual milk and milk product manufacturers in the Vlasina region about good manufacturingpractices would limit contamination and bacteriological deterioration.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73323024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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