Matija Milošević, A. Milošević, S. Nedeljković, B. Nešić, Novak Ranđelović
The paper presents the procedure of examination and characterization of sludge from wastewatertreatment. This procedure includes: sampling, identification with categorization of waste, characterization dependingon the degree of danger, characterization of the subject waste as hazardous waste and determination of theconcentration of hazardous substances, determination of physico-chemical and toxicological characteristics andeffects on human health, determination of the impact on the environment and others procedures in accordance withthe applied methodology and preparation of reports on waste testing. The testing and characterization process beginswith sampling and ends with reporting. The goal of wastewater treatment is to obtain clean water, while sludge isproduced as a by-product. Clean water returns to nature, and sludge goes to treatment and final disposal. Thetreatment can be: sanitary disposal, recycling using composting technology with the aim of obtaining compost orenergy utilization as solid fuel or using anaerobic digestion with the aim of obtaining biogas.
{"title":"TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SLUDGE FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT","authors":"Matija Milošević, A. Milošević, S. Nedeljković, B. Nešić, Novak Ranđelović","doi":"10.35120/kij5403381m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403381m","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the procedure of examination and characterization of sludge from wastewatertreatment. This procedure includes: sampling, identification with categorization of waste, characterization dependingon the degree of danger, characterization of the subject waste as hazardous waste and determination of theconcentration of hazardous substances, determination of physico-chemical and toxicological characteristics andeffects on human health, determination of the impact on the environment and others procedures in accordance withthe applied methodology and preparation of reports on waste testing. The testing and characterization process beginswith sampling and ends with reporting. The goal of wastewater treatment is to obtain clean water, while sludge isproduced as a by-product. Clean water returns to nature, and sludge goes to treatment and final disposal. Thetreatment can be: sanitary disposal, recycling using composting technology with the aim of obtaining compost orenergy utilization as solid fuel or using anaerobic digestion with the aim of obtaining biogas.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88704272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celiac disease is a chronic gastroenterological disease, and a lifelong gluten-free diet is a needed andnecessary therapy, which implies the exclusion of products containing gluten from the diet. The declaration ofgluten-free products is often unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of this paper was to examine celiac diseasepatients' attitudes and experiences with gluten-free diet declarations. 95 respondents from the area of HNŽ with adiagnosis of celiac disease were included in this quantitative research. The anonymous survey was conducted usingthe Google Forms tool. An anonymous survey examined sociodemographic data (age, gender, education, duration ofillness), experiences and attitudes with declarations about gluten-free diet. In this research, more than half of therespondents are extremely careful about what they consume, without exception. Participants who have beendiagnosed with celiac disease for a longer period of time completely disagree to a greater extent that they do notknow what products they can consume. Individuals with gluten sensitivity may rely more on the 'gluten-free' claimfor information about the gluten content of a product. Individuals with celiac disease, on the other hand, may bemore experienced readers of food labels and may rely more on the ingredient list. Consumer expectations havedriven the food industry to continuously adapt and improve the formulations and processing techniques used in theproduction of gluten-free products.
{"title":"RELIABILITY OF STATEMENTS AND EXPERIENCES OF CELIAC PATIENTS ON GLUTEN-FREE PRODUCTS/QUANTITATIVE STUDY","authors":"T. Tomić, Ivona Ljevak","doi":"10.35120/kij5404689t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404689t","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease is a chronic gastroenterological disease, and a lifelong gluten-free diet is a needed andnecessary therapy, which implies the exclusion of products containing gluten from the diet. The declaration ofgluten-free products is often unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of this paper was to examine celiac diseasepatients' attitudes and experiences with gluten-free diet declarations. 95 respondents from the area of HNŽ with adiagnosis of celiac disease were included in this quantitative research. The anonymous survey was conducted usingthe Google Forms tool. An anonymous survey examined sociodemographic data (age, gender, education, duration ofillness), experiences and attitudes with declarations about gluten-free diet. In this research, more than half of therespondents are extremely careful about what they consume, without exception. Participants who have beendiagnosed with celiac disease for a longer period of time completely disagree to a greater extent that they do notknow what products they can consume. Individuals with gluten sensitivity may rely more on the 'gluten-free' claimfor information about the gluten content of a product. Individuals with celiac disease, on the other hand, may bemore experienced readers of food labels and may rely more on the ingredient list. Consumer expectations havedriven the food industry to continuously adapt and improve the formulations and processing techniques used in theproduction of gluten-free products.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89126727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydatid cysts are widespread zoonosis that originate from the larval embodiment of the Echinococcusand can be frequently found in the lung and liver parenchyma, in addition, they emerge in various atypical locationsin the thoracic cavity such as the mediastinum, its vascular compounds and the heart, the interlobar fissures, thepleural and pericardial space, as well as the structures of the chest wall and the diaphragm. Computed tomographyas one of the most utilized instruments of radiology imaging has a crucial role in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts,depiction of their exact size and location, as well as estimation of impending complications.The aim of this pictorial review is to offer full scale understanding of the recurrent imaging findings in thoracichydatid disease as well as to display some rare, extra parenchymal involvement and a summary of the complicationsand differential diagnosis.We did an in depth analysis of 55 chest CT scans of patients with thoracic hydatid cysts from North Macedonia andall patients underwent a contrast enhanced chest CT according to appropriate diagnostic protocol on a 16- sliceSomatom GO computed tomograph (Siemens Healthineers, USA).Hydatid cysts in all 55 patients were divided by location and appearance in two by two categories, uncomplicatedparenchymal and extra parenchymal, and complicated or ruptured parenchymal and extra parenchymal cysts.Uncomplicated parenchymal hydatid cysts were presented by well circumscribed, low attenuating, homogenouslesions with smooth walls of varying thickness, whereas complicated or ruptured hydatid cysts could be categorizedin two forms, contained or complete rupture. The most frequent imaging findings were the air crescent sign,waterlily sign and dry cyst sign. Uncommon extra parenchymal hydatid cysts’ locations were the mediastinum,pericardium and the diaphragm.Computed tomography plays an important diagnostic role in common thoracic hydatid cysts and aids in theevaluation of rare and complicated cases.
{"title":"COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING PRESENTATION IN THORACIC HYDATID CYSTS","authors":"S. Nikolova","doi":"10.35120/kij5404611n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404611n","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid cysts are widespread zoonosis that originate from the larval embodiment of the Echinococcusand can be frequently found in the lung and liver parenchyma, in addition, they emerge in various atypical locationsin the thoracic cavity such as the mediastinum, its vascular compounds and the heart, the interlobar fissures, thepleural and pericardial space, as well as the structures of the chest wall and the diaphragm. Computed tomographyas one of the most utilized instruments of radiology imaging has a crucial role in the diagnosis of hydatid cysts,depiction of their exact size and location, as well as estimation of impending complications.The aim of this pictorial review is to offer full scale understanding of the recurrent imaging findings in thoracichydatid disease as well as to display some rare, extra parenchymal involvement and a summary of the complicationsand differential diagnosis.We did an in depth analysis of 55 chest CT scans of patients with thoracic hydatid cysts from North Macedonia andall patients underwent a contrast enhanced chest CT according to appropriate diagnostic protocol on a 16- sliceSomatom GO computed tomograph (Siemens Healthineers, USA).Hydatid cysts in all 55 patients were divided by location and appearance in two by two categories, uncomplicatedparenchymal and extra parenchymal, and complicated or ruptured parenchymal and extra parenchymal cysts.Uncomplicated parenchymal hydatid cysts were presented by well circumscribed, low attenuating, homogenouslesions with smooth walls of varying thickness, whereas complicated or ruptured hydatid cysts could be categorizedin two forms, contained or complete rupture. The most frequent imaging findings were the air crescent sign,waterlily sign and dry cyst sign. Uncommon extra parenchymal hydatid cysts’ locations were the mediastinum,pericardium and the diaphragm.Computed tomography plays an important diagnostic role in common thoracic hydatid cysts and aids in theevaluation of rare and complicated cases.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasha Tosheska-Spasova, N. Stavreva, B. Džipunova
Pleasant appearance often means the difference between success and failure in both our personal andprofessional lives. An attractive or pleasant smile clearly enhances the acceptance of the individual in society andthe character of the smile greatly influences the attractiveness and personality of the individual. Aesthetic andattractive smile is one of the most important components that affects the overall facial aesthetics. The paperprovides important information and a systematic overview of beauty, esthetics, esthetics dentistry and cosmeticdentistry. Physical attributes of the elements of the dento-facial composition are presented in this study. The articlefocuses on three components of esthetics: macro, mini and microesthetics, classification and style of the smile.Extraoral and intraoral features of a smile are presented. Dento-facial analysis, dento-labial analysis, dento-gingivalanalysis,and dental analysis are analyzed are presented and described in detail.
{"title":"ESTHETICS IN ORTHODONTICS","authors":"Natasha Tosheska-Spasova, N. Stavreva, B. Džipunova","doi":"10.35120/kij5404631t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404631t","url":null,"abstract":"Pleasant appearance often means the difference between success and failure in both our personal andprofessional lives. An attractive or pleasant smile clearly enhances the acceptance of the individual in society andthe character of the smile greatly influences the attractiveness and personality of the individual. Aesthetic andattractive smile is one of the most important components that affects the overall facial aesthetics. The paperprovides important information and a systematic overview of beauty, esthetics, esthetics dentistry and cosmeticdentistry. Physical attributes of the elements of the dento-facial composition are presented in this study. The articlefocuses on three components of esthetics: macro, mini and microesthetics, classification and style of the smile.Extraoral and intraoral features of a smile are presented. Dento-facial analysis, dento-labial analysis, dento-gingivalanalysis,and dental analysis are analyzed are presented and described in detail.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87134288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dyslexia is a learning disorder that is characterized by children's impaired ability to read and spell words.Self-esteem is confidence and belief in one's own worth. Strong self-esteem is associated with good psychologicalhealth. Children spend most of their days in school and this environment forms the sense of worth for manychildren. Dyslexia regularly causes failure in school and is usually accompanied by behavioral and emotionalproblems: instability, lack of discipline, resistance, passive or aggressive attitude, refusal of school, isolation, andfeelings of inferiority (Shaywitz S.E., Shaywitz J.E., Shaywitz B.A. (2021). The most common mistakes, such asblaming the child for poor school performance or attributing the cause to psychological problems, regularly lead topoor self-image, affect their confidence, or low self-esteem (Chica, 2017). School can quickly shatter the self-esteemof a dyslexic child. Dyslexia has a negative effect on self-esteem, but this effect depends on levels of support athome and at school. Clinical research shows the emotional and motivational factors associated with dyslexia.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors that influence the self-esteem of students with dyslexia.Provides a brief overview of some of the key literature in this area and then describes a study conducted in threemainstream primary schools in the eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia.Methodology: data were collected using semi-structured interviews with students who received an official diagnosisof dyslexia. Eleven students voluntarily participated in an interview. The study looked at the influence of factorssuch as comparisons with other students and the influence of teachers, peers and family on students' self-esteem.The results of the study show that these factors contribute significantly to the self-esteem of students with dyslexia.The most significant contributor to students' self-esteem is being diagnosed with dyslexia and being labeled.Conclusions: Dyslexic children with high self-esteem display more confidence and will volunteer answers or try outnew subjects/tasks than lower self-esteem children. These high self-esteem children expect to succeed and attributesuccess to their skill/ability.Recommendations: early diagnosis of dyslexia is essential to creating a positive self-image and recommends thatfurther research is needed on the meaning of the diagnosis for these learners. Children with dyslexia can achievehigher self-esteem, not just developed communication and writing competence.
阅读障碍是一种学习障碍，其特征是儿童阅读和拼写单词的能力受损。自尊是对自己价值的信心和信念。强烈的自尊与良好的心理健康有关。孩子们大部分时间都在学校度过，这种环境形成了许多孩子的价值感。阅读障碍经常导致学业失败，通常伴有行为和情绪问题:不稳定、缺乏纪律、抵抗、被动或攻击态度、拒绝上学、孤立和自卑感(Shaywitz s.e.， Shaywitz j.e.， Shaywitz ba .(2021))。最常见的错误，例如将孩子的学习成绩差归咎于心理问题，经常导致自我形象不佳，影响他们的信心，或低自尊(Chica, 2017)。学校可以迅速粉碎一个有阅读障碍的孩子的自尊。阅读障碍对自尊有负面影响，但这种影响取决于家庭和学校的支持水平。临床研究表明，情绪和动机因素与阅读障碍有关。本研究旨在探讨影响阅读障碍学生自尊的因素。简要概述了这一领域的一些重要文献，然后描述了在北马其顿共和国东部三所主流小学进行的一项研究。研究方法:数据收集采用半结构化访谈的学生接受官方诊断为阅读障碍。11名学生自愿参加了面试。该研究考察了与其他学生的比较以及老师、同龄人和家庭对学生自尊的影响等因素的影响。研究结果表明，这些因素对有阅读障碍的学生的自尊有显著的影响。对学生自尊最重要的贡献是被诊断患有阅读障碍并被贴上标签。结论:高自尊的失读症儿童比低自尊的儿童表现出更多的自信，并愿意自愿回答或尝试新的科目/任务。这些高自尊的孩子期望成功，并把成功归因于他们的技能/能力。建议:阅读障碍的早期诊断对于建立积极的自我形象至关重要，并建议需要进一步研究诊断对这些学习者的意义。患有阅读障碍的儿童可以获得更高的自尊，而不仅仅是发展沟通和写作能力。
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF DYSLEXIA ON CHILDRENS' SELF-ESTEEM IN PRIMARY SCHOOL","authors":"Vaska Zdravkova","doi":"10.35120/kij5405757z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405757z","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslexia is a learning disorder that is characterized by children's impaired ability to read and spell words.Self-esteem is confidence and belief in one's own worth. Strong self-esteem is associated with good psychologicalhealth. Children spend most of their days in school and this environment forms the sense of worth for manychildren. Dyslexia regularly causes failure in school and is usually accompanied by behavioral and emotionalproblems: instability, lack of discipline, resistance, passive or aggressive attitude, refusal of school, isolation, andfeelings of inferiority (Shaywitz S.E., Shaywitz J.E., Shaywitz B.A. (2021). The most common mistakes, such asblaming the child for poor school performance or attributing the cause to psychological problems, regularly lead topoor self-image, affect their confidence, or low self-esteem (Chica, 2017). School can quickly shatter the self-esteemof a dyslexic child. Dyslexia has a negative effect on self-esteem, but this effect depends on levels of support athome and at school. Clinical research shows the emotional and motivational factors associated with dyslexia.The purpose of the present study is to investigate the factors that influence the self-esteem of students with dyslexia.Provides a brief overview of some of the key literature in this area and then describes a study conducted in threemainstream primary schools in the eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia.Methodology: data were collected using semi-structured interviews with students who received an official diagnosisof dyslexia. Eleven students voluntarily participated in an interview. The study looked at the influence of factorssuch as comparisons with other students and the influence of teachers, peers and family on students' self-esteem.The results of the study show that these factors contribute significantly to the self-esteem of students with dyslexia.The most significant contributor to students' self-esteem is being diagnosed with dyslexia and being labeled.Conclusions: Dyslexic children with high self-esteem display more confidence and will volunteer answers or try outnew subjects/tasks than lower self-esteem children. These high self-esteem children expect to succeed and attributesuccess to their skill/ability.Recommendations: early diagnosis of dyslexia is essential to creating a positive self-image and recommends thatfurther research is needed on the meaning of the diagnosis for these learners. Children with dyslexia can achievehigher self-esteem, not just developed communication and writing competence.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82709548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of the article is the study of the epithet in part of the Bulgarian poetry. The purpose of thework is to determine the predominant types of epithets from the Renaissance to the Symbolists. In accordance with abasic division of epithets as traditional and deviant, an attempt has been made to see the predominant types ofepithets. It turns out that objective, non-individualizing epithets predominate next to symbolists. The work issaturated with sufficient source material.
{"title":"TO THE HISTORY OF THE EPITE IN BULGARIAN LITERATURE","authors":"A. Baeva","doi":"10.35120/kij5405769b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405769b","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the study of the epithet in part of the Bulgarian poetry. The purpose of thework is to determine the predominant types of epithets from the Renaissance to the Symbolists. In accordance with abasic division of epithets as traditional and deviant, an attempt has been made to see the predominant types ofepithets. It turns out that objective, non-individualizing epithets predominate next to symbolists. The work issaturated with sufficient source material.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75774832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Products made of polymer materials are obtained by turning the raw material from which it is madeunder the influence of temperature and, in some cases, high pressure, into a liquid state and filling the mold cavity.This transition is often problematic because very quickly when transitioning to the liquid state, irreversible chemicalprocesses begin to occur in the material, and it is necessary that the process of reverse crystallization takes a veryshort time. This problem is very pronounced with products made of rubber. When making the raw mixture, aprocedure must be followed regarding the speed of mixing, the order of adding the components and the duration ofthe process itself. In the case of poorly chosen mixing parameters, agglomerations may occur in the structure of theproduct, which can later negatively affect the exploitation of the product itself. When the raw rubber begins totransition into the liquid phase and fills the mold cavity, the layers that are in contact with the tool form the finalstructure and shape. In case the chemical system is not balanced, i.e., speed of spilling, it may happen that the rubberdoes not fill the mold cavity and a scrap is obtained. Another problem is that if the closing speed of the tool is high,an airy structure of the material or some kind of defect in the structure may appear. Regarding this phenomenon, itmust be taken into account that the speed of spilling is always higher than the speed of closing the tool. In the caseof poor selection of vulcanization temperature and vulcanizer, certain chemical compounds may also appear thatnegatively affect the properties of the product. Also, special attention must be paid to the working environment, as itvery often happens that external bodies are found in the structure of the product, which are related to mixing andpressing procedures. The release of the material structure belongs to a special group of tests and is alwaysaccompanied by the destruction of the product. According to the type of examination, it belongs to visual control,and according to the degree of optical magnification, to macro and micro examinations. Eye inspection belongs tomacroscopic tests and is used to check the exterior of the product and this type of test is convenient because it is fastand reliable. Microscopic examinations of rubber are very complex and it is complicated because rubber is not atransparent material. Therefore, the examination of the structure is carried out on SEM (scanning electronmicroscope). The preparation of the sample includes vaporization with gold, and then the samples are placed in aspecial chamber where they are bombarded with electrons and the structure is observed on a monitor. Depending onthe type of error in rubber products, they can be divided into those related to material technology and those causedby external impurities. Those related to the manufacturing technology can be different, agglomerations and variouschemical compounds can occur during mixing.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE TYPE OF ERROR IN THE STRUCTURE OF RUBBER SAMPLES","authors":"Petar S. Đekić, M. Nikolic, G. Jovic","doi":"10.35120/kij5403471d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403471d","url":null,"abstract":"Products made of polymer materials are obtained by turning the raw material from which it is madeunder the influence of temperature and, in some cases, high pressure, into a liquid state and filling the mold cavity.This transition is often problematic because very quickly when transitioning to the liquid state, irreversible chemicalprocesses begin to occur in the material, and it is necessary that the process of reverse crystallization takes a veryshort time. This problem is very pronounced with products made of rubber. When making the raw mixture, aprocedure must be followed regarding the speed of mixing, the order of adding the components and the duration ofthe process itself. In the case of poorly chosen mixing parameters, agglomerations may occur in the structure of theproduct, which can later negatively affect the exploitation of the product itself. When the raw rubber begins totransition into the liquid phase and fills the mold cavity, the layers that are in contact with the tool form the finalstructure and shape. In case the chemical system is not balanced, i.e., speed of spilling, it may happen that the rubberdoes not fill the mold cavity and a scrap is obtained. Another problem is that if the closing speed of the tool is high,an airy structure of the material or some kind of defect in the structure may appear. Regarding this phenomenon, itmust be taken into account that the speed of spilling is always higher than the speed of closing the tool. In the caseof poor selection of vulcanization temperature and vulcanizer, certain chemical compounds may also appear thatnegatively affect the properties of the product. Also, special attention must be paid to the working environment, as itvery often happens that external bodies are found in the structure of the product, which are related to mixing andpressing procedures. The release of the material structure belongs to a special group of tests and is alwaysaccompanied by the destruction of the product. According to the type of examination, it belongs to visual control,and according to the degree of optical magnification, to macro and micro examinations. Eye inspection belongs tomacroscopic tests and is used to check the exterior of the product and this type of test is convenient because it is fastand reliable. Microscopic examinations of rubber are very complex and it is complicated because rubber is not atransparent material. Therefore, the examination of the structure is carried out on SEM (scanning electronmicroscope). The preparation of the sample includes vaporization with gold, and then the samples are placed in aspecial chamber where they are bombarded with electrons and the structure is observed on a monitor. Depending onthe type of error in rubber products, they can be divided into those related to material technology and those causedby external impurities. Those related to the manufacturing technology can be different, agglomerations and variouschemical compounds can occur during mixing.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75156687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author of the paper has been teaching physics at Academy of technical and educational vocationalstudies for the past seven years, of which two academic years took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. Internetresources have been applied beforehand throughout the entire period, but with fully online teaching, it gainedparticular importance. Educational approaches developed for online classes required students’ activities that wouldfurther motivate them to study. In the academic year 2021/22, educational contents were enhanced with additionallinking of certain educational contents, which resulted from the obvious need to make the material as interesting aspossible, and to awaken curiosity about the contents. In this paper it is shown how a specific digital simulation canbe used for a teaching topic for which it was not originally intended, and it was also shown that in this way a usefulcorrelation of different teaching contents can be realized. The significance of the above-mentioned correlation isreflected in the fact that it requires a teaching approach that leads to more effective learning process in class as wellas to greater motivation and greater activation of students in the class. A simulation related to the oscillation of amathematical pendulum is described in this paper, i. e. its ability to choose different strengths of gravitational fieldsin which the pendulum oscillates, i. e. different gravitational accelerations. It was researched how students thinkwhen for the given phenomena a zero gravity is approximated. It was researched whether the students realized achange in their activities both in class and in their motivation for work. It is interesting that only after theimplementation of weightlessness as an educational content in the existing educational content on oscillatorymotion, the teacher saw certain alternative conceptions that some students built when they were studying aboutoscillations.
{"title":"CORRELATION BETWEEN OSCILLATORY MOTION AND GRAVITY REGARDED AS EDUCATIONAL CONTENT","authors":"Ivana Krulj","doi":"10.35120/kij5403527k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5403527k","url":null,"abstract":"The author of the paper has been teaching physics at Academy of technical and educational vocationalstudies for the past seven years, of which two academic years took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. Internetresources have been applied beforehand throughout the entire period, but with fully online teaching, it gainedparticular importance. Educational approaches developed for online classes required students’ activities that wouldfurther motivate them to study. In the academic year 2021/22, educational contents were enhanced with additionallinking of certain educational contents, which resulted from the obvious need to make the material as interesting aspossible, and to awaken curiosity about the contents. In this paper it is shown how a specific digital simulation canbe used for a teaching topic for which it was not originally intended, and it was also shown that in this way a usefulcorrelation of different teaching contents can be realized. The significance of the above-mentioned correlation isreflected in the fact that it requires a teaching approach that leads to more effective learning process in class as wellas to greater motivation and greater activation of students in the class. A simulation related to the oscillation of amathematical pendulum is described in this paper, i. e. its ability to choose different strengths of gravitational fieldsin which the pendulum oscillates, i. e. different gravitational accelerations. It was researched how students thinkwhen for the given phenomena a zero gravity is approximated. It was researched whether the students realized achange in their activities both in class and in their motivation for work. It is interesting that only after theimplementation of weightlessness as an educational content in the existing educational content on oscillatorymotion, the teacher saw certain alternative conceptions that some students built when they were studying aboutoscillations.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75166301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The medical cannabis has been used for many of years for medicinal purpose, in different pharmaceuticalformulation, mostly as a magistral preparation for the relief of pain in cancer patients or chronical painful diseases.Over than 540 substances were found from which more than 100 that have been found to be cannabinoids due totheir similar chemical structure. The component with the most psychotropic action is Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), and the major non-psychoactive ingredient is cannabidiol (CBD). Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol firstly wasisolated in 1969 by Robert Mechoulm and Yechiel Gaoni. In 2003 World Health Organization put Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in Schedule IV of the convention. Several therapeutic indications relate to the Δ9 -THC andCBD as analgesia, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and many other cases. In some studies, there arereported safety concerns about the registered side effects of Δ9 - THC as a psychoactive. For that reason, the legalusage of cannabis for medicinal purposes and for recreational use is regulated differently. The most relevantexplanation is related to the not enough sufficient results and data obtained from the pharmacokinetic studies andresearch in pharmacological behavior. Extracts of cannabis was used from many years ago. Nowadays inpharmaceutical industry as the development of technology there are many dosage forms in where extracts,cannabinoids, flower are used. Medicinal cannabis products can come in many different forms, including capsules,drops, chewable, creams, crystals, flower, lozenges, oil (most common), oro-mucosal sprays, tinctures and manymore. Also, there are synthetic analogs to nature cannabinoids in pharmaceutical market. In this study will bediscussed about production of semisolid pharmaceutical forms obtained from medical cannabis. They are producedin pharmaceutical grade equipment, high-pressure homogenizer mixer. In this study it will be discussed about theprocess of equipment qualification. Firstly, by the user requirement specification, design qualification protocol wasapproved. Then factory acceptance test was performed in production site of equipment and site acceptance test wasperformed in costumer’s site. Then installation qualification protocol was look through and then operationalqualification protocol also. All the qualification protocols were approved by both sides. In different qualificationprotocols, different tests were performed, and they are explained separately. During the qualification process, thereare considered some of the parameters which later during the production process can affect in the quality of finishedproducts. These parameters are called critical process parameters and accent will be put on this process parametersthat are with a critical effect on quality of the final products. This critical process parameters were considered andconcluded from qualification protocols where all the parameters that can affect quality of the product weresepara
{"title":"CRITICAL EQUIPMENT QUALIFICATION PARAMETERS AFFECTING THE HOMOGENIZATION PROCESS OF MEDICAL CANNABIS SEMI-SOLID PHARMACEUTICALS","authors":"Ivana Cocovska, E. Janevik-Ivanovska","doi":"10.35120/kij5404669c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5404669c","url":null,"abstract":"The medical cannabis has been used for many of years for medicinal purpose, in different pharmaceuticalformulation, mostly as a magistral preparation for the relief of pain in cancer patients or chronical painful diseases.Over than 540 substances were found from which more than 100 that have been found to be cannabinoids due totheir similar chemical structure. The component with the most psychotropic action is Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), and the major non-psychoactive ingredient is cannabidiol (CBD). Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol firstly wasisolated in 1969 by Robert Mechoulm and Yechiel Gaoni. In 2003 World Health Organization put Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in Schedule IV of the convention. Several therapeutic indications relate to the Δ9 -THC andCBD as analgesia, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and many other cases. In some studies, there arereported safety concerns about the registered side effects of Δ9 - THC as a psychoactive. For that reason, the legalusage of cannabis for medicinal purposes and for recreational use is regulated differently. The most relevantexplanation is related to the not enough sufficient results and data obtained from the pharmacokinetic studies andresearch in pharmacological behavior. Extracts of cannabis was used from many years ago. Nowadays inpharmaceutical industry as the development of technology there are many dosage forms in where extracts,cannabinoids, flower are used. Medicinal cannabis products can come in many different forms, including capsules,drops, chewable, creams, crystals, flower, lozenges, oil (most common), oro-mucosal sprays, tinctures and manymore. Also, there are synthetic analogs to nature cannabinoids in pharmaceutical market. In this study will bediscussed about production of semisolid pharmaceutical forms obtained from medical cannabis. They are producedin pharmaceutical grade equipment, high-pressure homogenizer mixer. In this study it will be discussed about theprocess of equipment qualification. Firstly, by the user requirement specification, design qualification protocol wasapproved. Then factory acceptance test was performed in production site of equipment and site acceptance test wasperformed in costumer’s site. Then installation qualification protocol was look through and then operationalqualification protocol also. All the qualification protocols were approved by both sides. In different qualificationprotocols, different tests were performed, and they are explained separately. During the qualification process, thereare considered some of the parameters which later during the production process can affect in the quality of finishedproducts. These parameters are called critical process parameters and accent will be put on this process parametersthat are with a critical effect on quality of the final products. This critical process parameters were considered andconcluded from qualification protocols where all the parameters that can affect quality of the product weresepara","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84315223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The language errors could potentially hinder the transmission of information and disturb theconcretization of the act of communication. In the contemporary context, many factors exercise influence on thelanguage especially the social media triggering disregard of the linguistic norms, devaluing the correct use of thelanguage and disrupting the normal flow of communication. These irregularities in the use of the Spanish languageare known as language vices. The subject of this paper is a broad view of the irregularities (that could be of differentgrammatical nature) that could result from the improper use of the Modern Spanish language and encompasses thedefinition, review of the most common types of language vices (pleonasm, solecism, amphibology, barbarism,archaism, and neologism) supported by a series of examples excerpted from relevant sources among whichOrtografía de la lengua Española (RAE:2010). Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (RAE:2005), Gran diccionariode sinónimos, voces afines e incorrecciones (Fernando Corripio, Bruguera, 1979), etc. The purpose of the paper is,in absence of Spanish grammar(s) in Macedonian language and published comparative papers in particular in thefield of lexicology, to fill to some extant the vacuum and shed light on the language vices in the Modern Spanishlanguage, thus arousing the interest of the Macedonian linguists, especially those with knowledge of Spanish forfuture more profound research and their systematization.
语言错误有可能阻碍信息的传递，扰乱交际行为的具体化。在当代语境下，许多因素对语言产生了影响，尤其是社交媒体，引发了对语言规范的漠视，贬低了语言的正确使用，扰乱了正常的交流流程。这些西班牙语使用中的不规则现象被称为语言恶习。本文的主题是对现代西班牙语不当使用可能导致的不规则现象(可能具有不同的语法性质)的广泛看法，包括定义，审查最常见的语言恶习类型(pleonasm, solecism, amphibology, barbarism，古语和新词)，并从whichOrtografía de la lengua Española (RAE:2010)中摘录的一系列例子提供支持。《词典》panhispánico de dudas (RAE:2005)、《大词典》sinónimos、《声音与错误》(Fernando Corripio, Bruguera, 1979)等。本文的目的是为了填补马其顿语语法的空白，特别是在词词学领域发表的比较论文，在一定程度上填补现代西班牙语的空白，揭示现代西班牙语的语言缺陷，从而引起马其顿语言学家，特别是具有西班牙语知识的语言学家的兴趣，以便将来进行更深入的研究和系统化。
{"title":"IRREGULARITIES IN THE USE OF THE MODERN SPANISH LANGUAGE","authors":"Natasha Aleksoska","doi":"10.35120/kij5405787a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35120/kij5405787a","url":null,"abstract":"The language errors could potentially hinder the transmission of information and disturb theconcretization of the act of communication. In the contemporary context, many factors exercise influence on thelanguage especially the social media triggering disregard of the linguistic norms, devaluing the correct use of thelanguage and disrupting the normal flow of communication. These irregularities in the use of the Spanish languageare known as language vices. The subject of this paper is a broad view of the irregularities (that could be of differentgrammatical nature) that could result from the improper use of the Modern Spanish language and encompasses thedefinition, review of the most common types of language vices (pleonasm, solecism, amphibology, barbarism,archaism, and neologism) supported by a series of examples excerpted from relevant sources among whichOrtografía de la lengua Española (RAE:2010). Diccionario panhispánico de dudas (RAE:2005), Gran diccionariode sinónimos, voces afines e incorrecciones (Fernando Corripio, Bruguera, 1979), etc. The purpose of the paper is,in absence of Spanish grammar(s) in Macedonian language and published comparative papers in particular in thefield of lexicology, to fill to some extant the vacuum and shed light on the language vices in the Modern Spanishlanguage, thus arousing the interest of the Macedonian linguists, especially those with knowledge of Spanish forfuture more profound research and their systematization.","PeriodicalId":17821,"journal":{"name":"Knowledge International Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84754235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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