This paper investigates the development of 'social scores' in three influential jurisdictions: the EU, the US and China. The paper contends that the legal and regulatory framework in which this practice takes place is a significant factor influencing potential successes as well as perils stemming from it. As such, the paper adopts a comparative approach, through a cross-case analysis introducing recent developments across the three influential jurisdictions in focus. In doing so, the paper seeks to identify common practices as well as differences in the development of an innovative practice with -- potentially -- far reaching consequences onto the lives of millions, irrespective of cultural, social and legal backgrounds. In this poster paper, the bases on which the paper stands from a contextual and legal-regulatory perspectives are presented.
{"title":"Regulating 'Social Scores' in Data-Driven Societies","authors":"Louis Geoffroy-Terryn","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326446","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the development of 'social scores' in three influential jurisdictions: the EU, the US and China. The paper contends that the legal and regulatory framework in which this practice takes place is a significant factor influencing potential successes as well as perils stemming from it. As such, the paper adopts a comparative approach, through a cross-case analysis introducing recent developments across the three influential jurisdictions in focus. In doing so, the paper seeks to identify common practices as well as differences in the development of an innovative practice with -- potentially -- far reaching consequences onto the lives of millions, irrespective of cultural, social and legal backgrounds. In this poster paper, the bases on which the paper stands from a contextual and legal-regulatory perspectives are presented.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134227852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing the development of e-government (E-Gov.) over time, one can observe that research with respect to its benefits has primarily probed into the role and impact of e-government on improving and optimizing business processes the private sector and enterprises. The study draws on the concepts of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) based on selected cases to substantiate the premise that the private sector is a key player in creating the environment and supporting e-participation. It finally recommends E-Gov. authorities to create the necessary environment for the private sector to support government in achieving a formidable E-Gov. system.
{"title":"The Private Sector as an E-Government Enabler","authors":"E. Agbozo","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326443","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the development of e-government (E-Gov.) over time, one can observe that research with respect to its benefits has primarily probed into the role and impact of e-government on improving and optimizing business processes the private sector and enterprises. The study draws on the concepts of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) based on selected cases to substantiate the premise that the private sector is a key player in creating the environment and supporting e-participation. It finally recommends E-Gov. authorities to create the necessary environment for the private sector to support government in achieving a formidable E-Gov. system.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123825839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Vienna Convention has been long enshrined as the cornerstone of modern diplomacy. However, recent technological advances may have shifted this landscape, with international law requiring to adapt in the face of novel and unique challenges. Taking the case of the Estonian Data Embassy in Luxembourg, we assess the applicability of the Vienna Convention outside of the traditional diplomatic mission and within a government-operated data centre. Evaluating the legal challenges and reinterpretations made by the Estonian government so far, this early analysis hopes to invigorate and advance discussions around the wider applicability of the Vienna Convention. Can similar diplomatic protections and inviolability be afforded to State data and information systems, or should such an international legal framework be updated to fit within a digital era?
{"title":"The Estonian Data Embassy and the Applicability of the Vienna Convention: An Exploratory Analysis","authors":"N. Robinson, Laura Kask, R. Krimmer","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326417","url":null,"abstract":"The Vienna Convention has been long enshrined as the cornerstone of modern diplomacy. However, recent technological advances may have shifted this landscape, with international law requiring to adapt in the face of novel and unique challenges. Taking the case of the Estonian Data Embassy in Luxembourg, we assess the applicability of the Vienna Convention outside of the traditional diplomatic mission and within a government-operated data centre. Evaluating the legal challenges and reinterpretations made by the Estonian government so far, this early analysis hopes to invigorate and advance discussions around the wider applicability of the Vienna Convention. Can similar diplomatic protections and inviolability be afforded to State data and information systems, or should such an international legal framework be updated to fit within a digital era?","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128628122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seemantinee Sengupta, D. Misra, M. Chaudhary, O. Prakash
Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin (SBM-G), translated in English as Clean India Mission - Rural, is a nation-wide campaign in India that aims to achieve universal sanitation coverage by October 02, 2019. Launched by Prime Minister of India on October 02, 2014, this programme is being implemented by the state governments under financial assistance and technical support of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India, which is the nodal agency for its implementation. SBM-G is one of the largest behaviour change programme in the world, and the evidence shows it is on track to achieve its objectives. Sanitation coverage in rural India has increased from less than 40 per cent in 2014 to over 94 per cent by the end of fourth year of the programme, as more than 500 million people have adopted safe sanitation and given up open defecation. Political will and leadership, and the strategy to emphasise on sustainability, differentiated SBM-G from previous sanitation programmes in India. An equally important contributor to the success of the programme, has been the effective use of technology during its various stages of implementation. Execution of the programme has been monitored and evaluated through a web based e-Governance solution (http://sbm.gov.in). Up to date information about 157 million beneficiaries and status of their household toilet facilities made available by the SBM-G database, formed the foundation that enabled all participating stakeholders to monitor and evaluate the progress in an efficient, effective and transparent manner. Social media and digital technologies have also been innovatively utilized in creating a mass cleanliness movement by engaging citizens, disseminating information, and organizing and managing all field level activities. This experience paper describes how ICT was used to support the implementation of SBM-G. It also attempts to highlight key lessons in use of technology for other similar programmes, globally.
{"title":"Role of Technology in Success of Rural Sanitation Revolution in India","authors":"Seemantinee Sengupta, D. Misra, M. Chaudhary, O. Prakash","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326367","url":null,"abstract":"Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin (SBM-G), translated in English as Clean India Mission - Rural, is a nation-wide campaign in India that aims to achieve universal sanitation coverage by October 02, 2019. Launched by Prime Minister of India on October 02, 2014, this programme is being implemented by the state governments under financial assistance and technical support of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India, which is the nodal agency for its implementation. SBM-G is one of the largest behaviour change programme in the world, and the evidence shows it is on track to achieve its objectives. Sanitation coverage in rural India has increased from less than 40 per cent in 2014 to over 94 per cent by the end of fourth year of the programme, as more than 500 million people have adopted safe sanitation and given up open defecation. Political will and leadership, and the strategy to emphasise on sustainability, differentiated SBM-G from previous sanitation programmes in India. An equally important contributor to the success of the programme, has been the effective use of technology during its various stages of implementation. Execution of the programme has been monitored and evaluated through a web based e-Governance solution (http://sbm.gov.in). Up to date information about 157 million beneficiaries and status of their household toilet facilities made available by the SBM-G database, formed the foundation that enabled all participating stakeholders to monitor and evaluate the progress in an efficient, effective and transparent manner. Social media and digital technologies have also been innovatively utilized in creating a mass cleanliness movement by engaging citizens, disseminating information, and organizing and managing all field level activities. This experience paper describes how ICT was used to support the implementation of SBM-G. It also attempts to highlight key lessons in use of technology for other similar programmes, globally.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126493248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, 1.1 billion people have no formal identity. A full 50% of the world population does not have access to social security. At the same time, the number of 60+ year-olds will double to 2 billion by 2050, and the high levels of youth unemployment will limit the funds available for public services. Technology-driven efficiency and effectiveness in service production and delivery is part of the solution to these challenges and the Sustainable Development Goals. Secure and reliable identity management is a key enabler in the digital transformation of public service delivery, but many countries still battle. This paper highlights a number of technology trends in electronic identity management and partnership models for efficient and effective service delivery. The paper finds that digital identity and signature can provide cost-efficient, easy, secure, and personal service access. While there are strengths and weaknesses to all technical solution, technology is secondary when compared to the completeness, reliability, and quality of data. The cooperation between authorities facilitates efficient and effective identity management, and partnerships with the banking and telecom sectors for development, maintenance, and rollout can be especially beneficial.
{"title":"Tackling identity management, service delivery, and social security challenges: technology trends and partnership models","authors":"M. M. Nielsen","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326366","url":null,"abstract":"Today, 1.1 billion people have no formal identity. A full 50% of the world population does not have access to social security. At the same time, the number of 60+ year-olds will double to 2 billion by 2050, and the high levels of youth unemployment will limit the funds available for public services. Technology-driven efficiency and effectiveness in service production and delivery is part of the solution to these challenges and the Sustainable Development Goals. Secure and reliable identity management is a key enabler in the digital transformation of public service delivery, but many countries still battle. This paper highlights a number of technology trends in electronic identity management and partnership models for efficient and effective service delivery. The paper finds that digital identity and signature can provide cost-efficient, easy, secure, and personal service access. While there are strengths and weaknesses to all technical solution, technology is secondary when compared to the completeness, reliability, and quality of data. The cooperation between authorities facilitates efficient and effective identity management, and partnerships with the banking and telecom sectors for development, maintenance, and rollout can be especially beneficial.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125526349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of digital transformation by governments, the public sector and other organizations, many information is moving to digital platforms. Chatbots and similar question-answering systems are becoming popular to answer information queries, opposed to browsing online repositories or webpages. State-of-the-art approaches for these systems may be laborious to implement, hard to train and maintain, and also require a high level of expertise. This work explores the definition of a generic framework to systematically build question-answering systems. A sandbox implementation of this framework enables the deployment of turnkey systems, directly from already existing collections of documents. These systems can then be used to provide a question-answering system communication channel to enrich the organization digital presence.
{"title":"Deep Learning Powered Question-Answering Framework for Organizations Digital Transformation","authors":"Nuno Ramos Carvalho, L. S. Barbosa","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326375","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of digital transformation by governments, the public sector and other organizations, many information is moving to digital platforms. Chatbots and similar question-answering systems are becoming popular to answer information queries, opposed to browsing online repositories or webpages. State-of-the-art approaches for these systems may be laborious to implement, hard to train and maintain, and also require a high level of expertise. This work explores the definition of a generic framework to systematically build question-answering systems. A sandbox implementation of this framework enables the deployment of turnkey systems, directly from already existing collections of documents. These systems can then be used to provide a question-answering system communication channel to enrich the organization digital presence.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of Information and Communication Technologies have brought with it numerous advantages and disadvantages. One area of concern relates to wellbeing in a digital environment: issues regarding cyber safety and cyber safety, although prevalent, are not frequently addressed in school curricula in South Africa. Faced by a lack of training material for schools and communities on cyber safety and security, and drawing from its experience in the tertiary environment, the African Centre of Excellence for Information Ethics developed the Digital Wellness Toolkit. This toolkit seeks to address this gap on four levels: pre-primary age; primary school; secondary school and local community training. In so doing, the role of the South African government is underscored, since by creating and disseminating training programmes on the ethics of emerging technologies, it realises its responsibility towards eGovernance. This paper provides an overview of the history of the development of the Digital Wellness Toolkit together with a discussion of the theoretical and methodological approaches to the design of the various Digital Wellness curricula which form part of the toolkit.
{"title":"The Development of the Digital Wellness Toolkit","authors":"Rachel Fischer, Beverley Malan","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326408","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of Information and Communication Technologies have brought with it numerous advantages and disadvantages. One area of concern relates to wellbeing in a digital environment: issues regarding cyber safety and cyber safety, although prevalent, are not frequently addressed in school curricula in South Africa. Faced by a lack of training material for schools and communities on cyber safety and security, and drawing from its experience in the tertiary environment, the African Centre of Excellence for Information Ethics developed the Digital Wellness Toolkit. This toolkit seeks to address this gap on four levels: pre-primary age; primary school; secondary school and local community training. In so doing, the role of the South African government is underscored, since by creating and disseminating training programmes on the ethics of emerging technologies, it realises its responsibility towards eGovernance. This paper provides an overview of the history of the development of the Digital Wellness Toolkit together with a discussion of the theoretical and methodological approaches to the design of the various Digital Wellness curricula which form part of the toolkit.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133048638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, many government has programs to build inclusion and equality in the community where each individual is empowered and given equal opportunities to participate in both social and political processes. Equality in the community is a cultural characteristic of society in this digital era. Everyone wants to get equal access to services provided by the government. This provides various benefits when equality in public participation can be applied through e-Government. Based on economic perspective, increasing public access to government information and services can create economic value, increase efficiency and facilitate the business. From other perspectives, particularly from the political and civic engagement, as well as from the cultural and social participation, digital technologies enable new ways of communication, collaboration, and participation. Unfortunately, until now e-Government is only viewed from a technological perspective and does not involve community participation in e-Government development initiatives. As a result, services provided by the government have not been in accordance with the needs of the community. E-Gov 2.0 is a concept where public participation is a key factor in e-Government development initiatives. This study aims to analyse the extent to which e-Gov 2.0 readiness is based on the use of e-Government services and public participation in both countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. The results of showed that level of public participation in e-Government in both countries is still relatively low (<40%) even-though citizen's interest in joining e-participation is very high (>90%) and citizen perception about the importance of e-participation is also highly positive (>99%). Thus, the citizen participation is still less involved in e-Government initiatives. The further research will be conducted to explore the influence factors of citizen participation.
{"title":"Public Participation Readiness Toward E-Gov 2.0: Lessons from Two Countries","authors":"Darmawan Napitupulu, K. Adiyarta, Albar","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326397","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, many government has programs to build inclusion and equality in the community where each individual is empowered and given equal opportunities to participate in both social and political processes. Equality in the community is a cultural characteristic of society in this digital era. Everyone wants to get equal access to services provided by the government. This provides various benefits when equality in public participation can be applied through e-Government. Based on economic perspective, increasing public access to government information and services can create economic value, increase efficiency and facilitate the business. From other perspectives, particularly from the political and civic engagement, as well as from the cultural and social participation, digital technologies enable new ways of communication, collaboration, and participation. Unfortunately, until now e-Government is only viewed from a technological perspective and does not involve community participation in e-Government development initiatives. As a result, services provided by the government have not been in accordance with the needs of the community. E-Gov 2.0 is a concept where public participation is a key factor in e-Government development initiatives. This study aims to analyse the extent to which e-Gov 2.0 readiness is based on the use of e-Government services and public participation in both countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. The results of showed that level of public participation in e-Government in both countries is still relatively low (<40%) even-though citizen's interest in joining e-participation is very high (>90%) and citizen perception about the importance of e-participation is also highly positive (>99%). Thus, the citizen participation is still less involved in e-Government initiatives. The further research will be conducted to explore the influence factors of citizen participation.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"5 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133071888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the desire for personalized interactions with government increases, efforts to enhance citizen- and business-focused digital government are becoming a norm in our society. The intention of this paper is to discuss the challenges that the EThekwini Metro is experiencing in translating its engagement with its citizens digitally. This mixed method study collected its data through a questionnaire and interviews with citizens and municipal officials. A total of 30 interviews were conducted. The study found that there was a low priority within the metro that is given towards e-government due to a lack of political. Moreover, internet access proved a challenge to most citizens. The article argues that the metro must priorities making digital services accessible to all citizens irrespective of their socio-economic conditions.
{"title":"E-Government and Citizen Experiences in South Africa: Ethekwini Metropolitan Case Study","authors":"Paul Kariuki, L. Ofusori, M. Goyayi","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326432","url":null,"abstract":"As the desire for personalized interactions with government increases, efforts to enhance citizen- and business-focused digital government are becoming a norm in our society. The intention of this paper is to discuss the challenges that the EThekwini Metro is experiencing in translating its engagement with its citizens digitally. This mixed method study collected its data through a questionnaire and interviews with citizens and municipal officials. A total of 30 interviews were conducted. The study found that there was a low priority within the metro that is given towards e-government due to a lack of political. Moreover, internet access proved a challenge to most citizens. The article argues that the metro must priorities making digital services accessible to all citizens irrespective of their socio-economic conditions.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133908060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and ecosystems management and restoration (DRR-CCA-EMR) require local government units (LGUs) to be at the forefront of the planning process. However, LGUs' ability to undertake many of these plans and mainstream them locally has been hampered by their limited capacities and understanding in its use and their ability to access and process the information needed for these plans. This practitioner or experience paper discusses the challenges of rationalizing the automation, access and use of DRR-CCA-EMR information in eGovernment in order to develop more integrated plans that engage stakeholders at the local level.
{"title":"Rationalizing local planning processes for DRR-CCA and EMR","authors":"Erwin A. Alampay","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326441","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and ecosystems management and restoration (DRR-CCA-EMR) require local government units (LGUs) to be at the forefront of the planning process. However, LGUs' ability to undertake many of these plans and mainstream them locally has been hampered by their limited capacities and understanding in its use and their ability to access and process the information needed for these plans. This practitioner or experience paper discusses the challenges of rationalizing the automation, access and use of DRR-CCA-EMR information in eGovernment in order to develop more integrated plans that engage stakeholders at the local level.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132620165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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