Brazil's Constitution instituted a few means of direct democracy including the possibility of any citizen to propose a draft bill at a legislative house at the municipal, state or federal level, given the support of a minimum of citizens explicit through their signature. Until today, popular initiative bills' signatures are paper-based, which is not only costly, but also presents problems connected to transparency and safety principles. The Institute for Technology and Society of Rio believed that technology could transform this process and, hence, developed a mobile app called "Mudamos" ("we change" in Portuguese) to prove that it is possible to sign bills of popular initiative electronically. Since the launch of the app Mudamos in March 2017, we have observed that the population has a lot of will to participate and good ideas to propose. However, despite this potential for engagement, citizens experience difficulty when transforming those ideas into draft bills to be presented to legislative houses. Therefore, we have developed "Virada Legislativa" (legal hackathon): a methodology comprising an activity to develop draft bills collectively addressing a single issue and within a timeframe. In this article, we aim to showcase this toolbox for democratic participation, connecting cutting-edge digital innovations on electronic signatures (online) with social innovative methodologies (offline), highlighting the impact we have had throughout this period as well as the challenges faced, and lessons learned.
{"title":"MUDAMOS: a civil society initiative on collaborative lawmaking in Brazil","authors":"Marco Konopacki, Debora Albu, Fabro Steibel","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326388","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil's Constitution instituted a few means of direct democracy including the possibility of any citizen to propose a draft bill at a legislative house at the municipal, state or federal level, given the support of a minimum of citizens explicit through their signature. Until today, popular initiative bills' signatures are paper-based, which is not only costly, but also presents problems connected to transparency and safety principles. The Institute for Technology and Society of Rio believed that technology could transform this process and, hence, developed a mobile app called \"Mudamos\" (\"we change\" in Portuguese) to prove that it is possible to sign bills of popular initiative electronically. Since the launch of the app Mudamos in March 2017, we have observed that the population has a lot of will to participate and good ideas to propose. However, despite this potential for engagement, citizens experience difficulty when transforming those ideas into draft bills to be presented to legislative houses. Therefore, we have developed \"Virada Legislativa\" (legal hackathon): a methodology comprising an activity to develop draft bills collectively addressing a single issue and within a timeframe. In this article, we aim to showcase this toolbox for democratic participation, connecting cutting-edge digital innovations on electronic signatures (online) with social innovative methodologies (offline), highlighting the impact we have had throughout this period as well as the challenges faced, and lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123355708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yumei Chen, Yingxin Huang, Kangchen Li, L. Luna-Reyes
Current trends on urbanization and concerns on the frequency of natural disasters have promoted increased interest in the concept of City Resilience among Smart City scholars and other researchers in Urban Studies. Cities with strong resilience have a strong ability to adapt to disturbances. A key research issue involves the development of frameworks to better understand and measure the levels of resilience in a city. This article explores the dimensions and measurement of city resilience. Using the multiple-case study method, we identify main topics in the plans of three cities, comparing them to the main domain categories identified in the city resilience literature: social resilience, economic resilience, community capital, institutional resilience, infrastructure resilience and environmental resilience. Our findings suggest that infrastructure and institutional resilience are generally considered as the most popular indicator across the cities. Second, every dimension of resiliency includes several sub-dimensions in the resilience framework, but some sub-dimensions are not mentioned in the resilience plans of the three cities. Third, the practice of these cities shows that in social resilience, the decision-makers should pay more attention to education and equity, public health services and social services and well-being, then in economic resilience, we should emphasize economic diversity, employment and economic recovery. A revised resilient city measurement model is suggested in the end of the paper.
{"title":"Dimensions and Measurement of City Resilience in Theory and in Practice","authors":"Yumei Chen, Yingxin Huang, Kangchen Li, L. Luna-Reyes","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326401","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends on urbanization and concerns on the frequency of natural disasters have promoted increased interest in the concept of City Resilience among Smart City scholars and other researchers in Urban Studies. Cities with strong resilience have a strong ability to adapt to disturbances. A key research issue involves the development of frameworks to better understand and measure the levels of resilience in a city. This article explores the dimensions and measurement of city resilience. Using the multiple-case study method, we identify main topics in the plans of three cities, comparing them to the main domain categories identified in the city resilience literature: social resilience, economic resilience, community capital, institutional resilience, infrastructure resilience and environmental resilience. Our findings suggest that infrastructure and institutional resilience are generally considered as the most popular indicator across the cities. Second, every dimension of resiliency includes several sub-dimensions in the resilience framework, but some sub-dimensions are not mentioned in the resilience plans of the three cities. Third, the practice of these cities shows that in social resilience, the decision-makers should pay more attention to education and equity, public health services and social services and well-being, then in economic resilience, we should emphasize economic diversity, employment and economic recovery. A revised resilient city measurement model is suggested in the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116672651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New Public Governance (NPG) as a paradigm for collaborative forms of public service delivery and Blockchain governance are trending topics for researchers and practitioners alike. Thus far, each topic has, on the whole, been discussed separately. This paper presents the preliminary results of ongoing research which aims to shed light on the more concrete benefits of Blockchain for the purpose of NPG. For the first time, a conceptual analysis is conducted on process level to spot benefits and limitations of Blockchain-based governance. Per process element, Blockchain key characteristics are mapped to functional aspects of NPG from a governance perspective. The preliminary results show that Blockchain offers valuable support for governments seeking methods to effectively coordinate co-producing networks. However, the extent of benefits of Blockchain varies across the process elements. It becomes evident that there is a need for off-chain processes. It is, therefore, argued in favour of intensifying research on off-chain governance processes to better understand the implications for and influences on on-chain governance.
{"title":"Can Blockchain Leverage for New Public Governance?: A Conceptual Analysis on Process Level","authors":"Maik Brinkmann, Moreen Heine","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326409","url":null,"abstract":"New Public Governance (NPG) as a paradigm for collaborative forms of public service delivery and Blockchain governance are trending topics for researchers and practitioners alike. Thus far, each topic has, on the whole, been discussed separately. This paper presents the preliminary results of ongoing research which aims to shed light on the more concrete benefits of Blockchain for the purpose of NPG. For the first time, a conceptual analysis is conducted on process level to spot benefits and limitations of Blockchain-based governance. Per process element, Blockchain key characteristics are mapped to functional aspects of NPG from a governance perspective. The preliminary results show that Blockchain offers valuable support for governments seeking methods to effectively coordinate co-producing networks. However, the extent of benefits of Blockchain varies across the process elements. It becomes evident that there is a need for off-chain processes. It is, therefore, argued in favour of intensifying research on off-chain governance processes to better understand the implications for and influences on on-chain governance.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128031799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public-private partnerships (PPP) are the dominant business model for procuring and operating public digital communication networks such as public Wi-Fi and IoT, technologies that play a significant role in providing public internet access and managing urban systems. The literature on partnerships in public infrastructure provision gives much attention to risk in such arrangements, and is largely sceptical of the capacity of public authorities to transfer risk to the private sector. In the limited critical discussion of PPPs or similar arrangements in the field of communications infrastructure, technological capture or lock-in of city governments investing in digital communications networks is hypothesised as a risk factor. In this paper I draw on field research to investigate this hypothesis by analysing risk factors associated with PPP models in the provision of municipal-level public Wi-Fi. Focussing on Australian examples, I argue that the limited expertise and resources of local government authorities (LGAs), along with the regulatory complexity of telecommunications, weigh against direct LGA provision of public Wi-Fi and in favour of partnership arrangements. However, I highlight two concerns associated with PPP models of public Wi-Fi provision: 1) the lack of transparency and accountability relating to digital infrastructure procurement and service evaluation imposed by commercial-in-confidence claims, and 2) the limited attention of LGAs to questions of data access when contracting private providers, subsequently limiting their capacity to obtain and use network metadata for public good purposes. Drawing on the work of Mark H Moore, I frame these concerns as strategic management challenges. Moore's analysis of these challenges through his strategic triangle model assists in optimising the public value of PPP arrangements in the domain of digital infrastructure. While I focus on PWF networks, the discussion has wider relevance for e-governance.
公私伙伴关系(PPP)是采购和运营公共数字通信网络(如公共Wi-Fi和物联网)的主要商业模式，这些技术在提供公共互联网接入和管理城市系统方面发挥着重要作用。关于公共基础设施提供中的伙伴关系的文献对此类安排中的风险给予了很大关注，并且在很大程度上怀疑公共当局将风险转移给私营部门的能力。在有限的关于ppp或通信基础设施领域类似安排的批判性讨论中，技术捕获或城市政府投资数字通信网络的锁定被假设为一个风险因素。在本文中，我通过实地研究，通过分析与市级公共Wi-Fi提供PPP模式相关的风险因素，来调查这一假设。以澳大利亚为例，我认为地方政府当局(LGA)的专业知识和资源有限，加上电信监管的复杂性，不利于地方政府直接提供公共Wi-Fi，而有利于合作安排。然而，我强调了与公共Wi-Fi PPP模式相关的两个问题:1)商业保密要求所施加的数字基础设施采购和服务评估缺乏透明度和问责制;2)地方政府在与私人供应商签订合同时对数据访问问题的关注有限，从而限制了它们为公益目的获取和使用网络元数据的能力。根据马克•H•摩尔(Mark H Moore)的研究，我将这些担忧定义为战略管理方面的挑战。摩尔通过他的战略三角模型分析了这些挑战，有助于优化数字基础设施领域PPP安排的公共价值。虽然我关注的是PWF网络，但讨论与电子政务具有更广泛的相关性。
{"title":"Public-Private Partnerships in Municipal Wi-Fi: Optimising Public Value","authors":"I. McShane","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326380","url":null,"abstract":"Public-private partnerships (PPP) are the dominant business model for procuring and operating public digital communication networks such as public Wi-Fi and IoT, technologies that play a significant role in providing public internet access and managing urban systems. The literature on partnerships in public infrastructure provision gives much attention to risk in such arrangements, and is largely sceptical of the capacity of public authorities to transfer risk to the private sector. In the limited critical discussion of PPPs or similar arrangements in the field of communications infrastructure, technological capture or lock-in of city governments investing in digital communications networks is hypothesised as a risk factor. In this paper I draw on field research to investigate this hypothesis by analysing risk factors associated with PPP models in the provision of municipal-level public Wi-Fi. Focussing on Australian examples, I argue that the limited expertise and resources of local government authorities (LGAs), along with the regulatory complexity of telecommunications, weigh against direct LGA provision of public Wi-Fi and in favour of partnership arrangements. However, I highlight two concerns associated with PPP models of public Wi-Fi provision: 1) the lack of transparency and accountability relating to digital infrastructure procurement and service evaluation imposed by commercial-in-confidence claims, and 2) the limited attention of LGAs to questions of data access when contracting private providers, subsequently limiting their capacity to obtain and use network metadata for public good purposes. Drawing on the work of Mark H Moore, I frame these concerns as strategic management challenges. Moore's analysis of these challenges through his strategic triangle model assists in optimising the public value of PPP arrangements in the domain of digital infrastructure. While I focus on PWF networks, the discussion has wider relevance for e-governance.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128092905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to explore how central governments of Brazil and Portugal are using mobile applications to offer services to citizens. To this end, 12 APPs were analysed in Brazil (which provide 25 services) and 20 APPs in Portugal (which provide 22 services) based on the following set of criteria: Service coverage; Service category; Service area; Number of services provided by the APP, Number of installations, Availability in APP stores, Access key. The main results show that in Brazil the area of government with the greatest number of services provided through APPs is Social Security; that 60% of services can be carried out entirely via APP; that almost 90% of the services offered through APPs are in the interactive stage and that the same APP offers several services. In Portugal, three areas of government stand out in the provision of mobile services: Social Support and Health; Recreation; Citizenship and Documentation, which together account for 77% of APPs offered. The vast majority of services offered by APPs are in the interactive stage (50%) or the informational and educational stage (36%), and typically most of the APPs in Portugal provide just one service.
{"title":"Mobile Applications in Central Government of Brazil and Portugal","authors":"Débora Dutra, D. Soares","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326377","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to explore how central governments of Brazil and Portugal are using mobile applications to offer services to citizens. To this end, 12 APPs were analysed in Brazil (which provide 25 services) and 20 APPs in Portugal (which provide 22 services) based on the following set of criteria: Service coverage; Service category; Service area; Number of services provided by the APP, Number of installations, Availability in APP stores, Access key. The main results show that in Brazil the area of government with the greatest number of services provided through APPs is Social Security; that 60% of services can be carried out entirely via APP; that almost 90% of the services offered through APPs are in the interactive stage and that the same APP offers several services. In Portugal, three areas of government stand out in the provision of mobile services: Social Support and Health; Recreation; Citizenship and Documentation, which together account for 77% of APPs offered. The vast majority of services offered by APPs are in the interactive stage (50%) or the informational and educational stage (36%), and typically most of the APPs in Portugal provide just one service.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129435807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data has value helping individuals, businesses and government make decisions. Sharing government data can, therefore, enhance its value, providing privacy is safeguarded. Open government data can also enhance equity by reducing the information advantage that large businesses increasingly have over smaller competitors and customers. However, there are costs associated with open data. It must be curated and disseminated. Protecting individual privacy may require aggregation or transformation. There are also different ways of sharing data. At its crudest, this may take the form of providing files, in whatever form, on a website. More usefully and at greater cost, sharing data may take the form of machine-readable APIs. Data services also help users draw insights from data, for example by identifying patterns or trends or highlighting the most salient information. These different sharing models incur different costs to government and users. More accessible data with associated services generally increase the potential benefits to users but will come at some cost to government. From an economic perspective, it will be more efficient if this is done once by the government. However, given the limited budget resources of governments it is worth considering how the process of opening government data could be optimized. The objective of this research is to provide a framework to assist decision-makers responsible for open data. A data prioritization index could assess the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of making particular datasets open. The benefits depend on the extent to which data are likely to be used by citizens, or to enhance competition among firms. The costs include the ICT infrastructure requirements and privacy safeguards needed to make the data open. Ultimately the value of open data will grow as artificial intelligence lowers the cost of drawing insights from it. Open data could also reduce the extent to which a small number of large companies are able to profit from monopolizing their data holdings.
{"title":"Optimizing Open Government: an economic perspective on data sharing","authors":"Todd Sanderson, A. Reeson, P. Box","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326383","url":null,"abstract":"Data has value helping individuals, businesses and government make decisions. Sharing government data can, therefore, enhance its value, providing privacy is safeguarded. Open government data can also enhance equity by reducing the information advantage that large businesses increasingly have over smaller competitors and customers. However, there are costs associated with open data. It must be curated and disseminated. Protecting individual privacy may require aggregation or transformation. There are also different ways of sharing data. At its crudest, this may take the form of providing files, in whatever form, on a website. More usefully and at greater cost, sharing data may take the form of machine-readable APIs. Data services also help users draw insights from data, for example by identifying patterns or trends or highlighting the most salient information. These different sharing models incur different costs to government and users. More accessible data with associated services generally increase the potential benefits to users but will come at some cost to government. From an economic perspective, it will be more efficient if this is done once by the government. However, given the limited budget resources of governments it is worth considering how the process of opening government data could be optimized. The objective of this research is to provide a framework to assist decision-makers responsible for open data. A data prioritization index could assess the trade-offs between the costs and benefits of making particular datasets open. The benefits depend on the extent to which data are likely to be used by citizens, or to enhance competition among firms. The costs include the ICT infrastructure requirements and privacy safeguards needed to make the data open. Ultimately the value of open data will grow as artificial intelligence lowers the cost of drawing insights from it. Open data could also reduce the extent to which a small number of large companies are able to profit from monopolizing their data holdings.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130157521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we respond to recent calls for more attention to context in information systems (IS) research. We argue that considering context is of crucial importance when researching IS implementations in developing economies, especially those involving e-government implementations. Using a thematic literature review, we identify four properties of context which have been referenced in research of e-government implementations in developing economies. The paper joins previous calls for increased context-awareness in IS research by drawing attention to the merit of emphasizing properties of context. Future e-government research should consider pursuing discovery of more context-specific mechanisms from developing economies setting, which will enrich the understanding of implementation of information and communication technology for development (ICT4D).
{"title":"The Role of Context in IS Research: A Review of E-government Research in Developing Economies","authors":"Muhammad Priandi, W. Fernández, M. Sandeep","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326416","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we respond to recent calls for more attention to context in information systems (IS) research. We argue that considering context is of crucial importance when researching IS implementations in developing economies, especially those involving e-government implementations. Using a thematic literature review, we identify four properties of context which have been referenced in research of e-government implementations in developing economies. The paper joins previous calls for increased context-awareness in IS research by drawing attention to the merit of emphasizing properties of context. Future e-government research should consider pursuing discovery of more context-specific mechanisms from developing economies setting, which will enrich the understanding of implementation of information and communication technology for development (ICT4D).","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121803128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advent of the 4th industrial revolution promises significant social and economic opportunities and challenges which demand that governments respond appropriately in supporting the transformation of the society. The purpose of this study is to understand the challenges confronting developing countries in the adoption of digital transformation agendas to leverage the social and economic benefits of the digital-driven industrial revolution 4.0. The research is based on an interpretive case study that uses documents evidence and a review of the literature as its primary method of collecting data. South Africa is used as a single case study of a developing country that has embraced digital transformation as a critical strategy in inclusive growth.
{"title":"Responding to the challenges and opportunities in the 4th Industrial revolution in developing countries","authors":"More Ickson Manda, Soumaya I. Ben Dhaou","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326398","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of the 4th industrial revolution promises significant social and economic opportunities and challenges which demand that governments respond appropriately in supporting the transformation of the society. The purpose of this study is to understand the challenges confronting developing countries in the adoption of digital transformation agendas to leverage the social and economic benefits of the digital-driven industrial revolution 4.0. The research is based on an interpretive case study that uses documents evidence and a review of the literature as its primary method of collecting data. South Africa is used as a single case study of a developing country that has embraced digital transformation as a critical strategy in inclusive growth.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industry reports show that fresh engineering and non engineering graduates from universities are not readily employable. The Government-owned Andhra Pradesh Information Technology Academy (APITA) seeks to equip graduates from the state's degree and engineering colleges with industry-relevant skill sets for gainful employment. This study describes the activities of APITA, and empirically examines two questions: (1) Do students from colleges affiliated to APITA command higher salaries as compared to students from colleges not affiliated to APITA? (2) Do women graduates receive starting salaries that are lower than their male counterparts? Using data from placements conducted by APITA for the state's students in the year 2017-18, the study finds that that the job market signals the higher quality of APITA-trained students by offering them higher salaries as compared to those students from colleges that are not APITA affiliates. The study also shows that there is a wage premium attributable to the female gender, insofar as entry level salary levels is concerned. Drawing from this empirical evidence, the study further highlights the deficiencies in information technology education in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with reference to industry requirements, and gender inclusiveness. The constraints faced by APITA, and its future role in addressing the deficiencies noted are discussed, along with managerial implications.
{"title":"Is Information Technology (IT) Education Industry-relevant and Gender-inclusive?: Perspectives from Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"S. Balakrishna","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326439","url":null,"abstract":"Industry reports show that fresh engineering and non engineering graduates from universities are not readily employable. The Government-owned Andhra Pradesh Information Technology Academy (APITA) seeks to equip graduates from the state's degree and engineering colleges with industry-relevant skill sets for gainful employment. This study describes the activities of APITA, and empirically examines two questions: (1) Do students from colleges affiliated to APITA command higher salaries as compared to students from colleges not affiliated to APITA? (2) Do women graduates receive starting salaries that are lower than their male counterparts? Using data from placements conducted by APITA for the state's students in the year 2017-18, the study finds that that the job market signals the higher quality of APITA-trained students by offering them higher salaries as compared to those students from colleges that are not APITA affiliates. The study also shows that there is a wage premium attributable to the female gender, insofar as entry level salary levels is concerned. Drawing from this empirical evidence, the study further highlights the deficiencies in information technology education in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh with reference to industry requirements, and gender inclusiveness. The constraints faced by APITA, and its future role in addressing the deficiencies noted are discussed, along with managerial implications.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127055062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 21st century, digitalization and data are radically revamping the government-citizen connect. To harness this immense power, India initiated the "Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile" or "JAM" model which aimed at solving a major bottleneck successive governments have faced - Leakage in the welfare benefit distribution system. This paper details this breakthrough Indian experience of using technology and digitalisation to ensure the benefits of government reach the last mile. Analysis shows, JAM cut out the middlemen, reduced leakages and resulted in savings of Rs. 17,000 crore for the government annually. This initiative was a big social revolution at the micro level. More than 30 crore bank accounts were opened and more than 50% of them were in the name of women. The paper also identifies some challenges JAM faces along with possible solutions and way forward.
{"title":"JAM: A Digital, Economic & Social Revolution","authors":"A. Mukunthan, Govind Agarwal","doi":"10.1145/3326365.3326431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326431","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, digitalization and data are radically revamping the government-citizen connect. To harness this immense power, India initiated the \"Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile\" or \"JAM\" model which aimed at solving a major bottleneck successive governments have faced - Leakage in the welfare benefit distribution system. This paper details this breakthrough Indian experience of using technology and digitalisation to ensure the benefits of government reach the last mile. Analysis shows, JAM cut out the middlemen, reduced leakages and resulted in savings of Rs. 17,000 crore for the government annually. This initiative was a big social revolution at the micro level. More than 30 crore bank accounts were opened and more than 50% of them were in the name of women. The paper also identifies some challenges JAM faces along with possible solutions and way forward.","PeriodicalId":178287,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132214446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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