This study focused on the mechanical characterisation of 3D printed biopolymer geogrids for civil and geotechnical engineering applications. The polylactic acid specimens were designed based on first-order similitude conditions and were produced by fused deposition modelling techniques. An experimental programme was carried out to investigate the mechanical behaviour of 1:2 scale model geogrids undergoing tensile loading conditions, in order to explore their use in soil reinforcement and stabilisation of geomaterials. The secant stiffness at 2.0% of strain and the ultimate tensile strength were used for this purpose. The results showed an average tensile strength of 4.5 ± 0.5 kN/m, which is in good agreement with that of fossil oil-derived polymer prototypes, while presenting a significantly lower elongation at failure. The printing process appeared stable and replicable. The influence of degradation on the tensile properties of 3D printed polylactic acid geogrids over time still needs to be studied. Keywords: geogrid, additive manufacturing, biopolymer, tensile strength, geotechnics
{"title":"Biopolymer Geogrids for Geotechnics","authors":"Gabriel Oliveira, I. Falorca","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11627","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the mechanical characterisation of 3D printed biopolymer geogrids for civil and geotechnical engineering applications. The polylactic acid specimens were designed based on first-order similitude conditions and were produced by fused deposition modelling techniques. An experimental programme was carried out to investigate the mechanical behaviour of 1:2 scale model geogrids undergoing tensile loading conditions, in order to explore their use in soil reinforcement and stabilisation of geomaterials. The secant stiffness at 2.0% of strain and the ultimate tensile strength were used for this purpose. The results showed an average tensile strength of 4.5 ± 0.5 kN/m, which is in good agreement with that of fossil oil-derived polymer prototypes, while presenting a significantly lower elongation at failure. The printing process appeared stable and replicable. The influence of degradation on the tensile properties of 3D printed polylactic acid geogrids over time still needs to be studied. \u0000Keywords: geogrid, additive manufacturing, biopolymer, tensile strength, geotechnics","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79686147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Morais, Ana M. M. S. Carta, M. Amaral, J. Curto
In recent years, the tissue industry has been exposed to several challenges related to the growing demand for high-quality materials and sustainability. An approach that combined experimental and computational planning was implemented and presented in this work. For this purpose, a simulator that established relationships between the key fibre properties, the process steps that modify them, and the functional properties, named the SimTissue, was developed and validated. Different scenarios and a summary of the SimTissue research strategy are presented. The experimental planning design consisted of examining the influence of refining, enzymatic treatment, and incorporation of additives such as micro / nanofibrillated cellulose and biopolymers. The correlations between these tissue process inputs, and the softness, strength and absorption properties were established using the SimTissue. Overall, the SimTissue predicted and optimized several case studies for the management and optimization of sustainability formulations. Keywords: 3D computational simulation, cellulose-based materials, furnish optimization, tissue materials
{"title":"Development of Sustainable Cellulose-Based Tissue Materials Using an Innovative Experimental and Computational Methodology","authors":"F. Morais, Ana M. M. S. Carta, M. Amaral, J. Curto","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11606","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the tissue industry has been exposed to several challenges related to the growing demand for high-quality materials and sustainability. An approach that combined experimental and computational planning was implemented and presented in this work. For this purpose, a simulator that established relationships between the key fibre properties, the process steps that modify them, and the functional properties, named the SimTissue, was developed and validated. Different scenarios and a summary of the SimTissue research strategy are presented. The experimental planning design consisted of examining the influence of refining, enzymatic treatment, and incorporation of additives such as micro / nanofibrillated cellulose and biopolymers. The correlations between these tissue process inputs, and the softness, strength and absorption properties were established using the SimTissue. Overall, the SimTissue predicted and optimized several case studies for the management and optimization of sustainability formulations. \u0000Keywords: 3D computational simulation, cellulose-based materials, furnish optimization, tissue materials","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91514894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Vaz, João Coelho, V. Costa, A. Marqués, T. Maloney, Phiri Josphat, P. Pinto, Ricardo V B Oliveira, R. Simões, A. Sousa
Hardwood species have a complex cellular structure consisting of fibres, vessel elements and parenchyma cells with different chemical compositions. However, the presence of vessels with significant dimensions in their structure is a recurrent problem in the operation of industrial UWF paper printing. Since the 1980s, vessel picking and ink refusal are problems that paper professionals have tried to solve, but solutions for these have not yet been fully found. If vessels are concentrated in a stream, they can be pre-treated (e.g., by mechanical refining) and reincorporated into the pulp. Other strategies aim at vessel enzymatic and/or chemical passivation and sheet surface chemical treatment, altering the vessel adhesion to the fibre network. This requires vessel concentration at laboratorial level for proper chemical studies, such as FE-SEM, μ-XPS, TOF-SIMS and μFTIR. The main objective of our experimental study was to examine bleached kraft pulp E. globulus vessel and fibre composition. For this we performed EDX and μ-FTIR analysis on both fibre and vessel elements, and obtained the carbohydrate composition, the total acids content, the hexenuronic acids content and the zeta potential. Keywords: E. globulus, vessel, EDX, μ-FTIR, sugar content, zeta potential
{"title":"E. Globulus Vessel and Fibre Chemical Analysis","authors":"Á. Vaz, João Coelho, V. Costa, A. Marqués, T. Maloney, Phiri Josphat, P. Pinto, Ricardo V B Oliveira, R. Simões, A. Sousa","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11605","url":null,"abstract":"Hardwood species have a complex cellular structure consisting of fibres, vessel elements and parenchyma cells with different chemical compositions. However, the presence of vessels with significant dimensions in their structure is a recurrent problem in the operation of industrial UWF paper printing. Since the 1980s, vessel picking and ink refusal are problems that paper professionals have tried to solve, but solutions for these have not yet been fully found. If vessels are concentrated in a stream, they can be pre-treated (e.g., by mechanical refining) and reincorporated into the pulp. Other strategies aim at vessel enzymatic and/or chemical passivation and sheet surface chemical treatment, altering the vessel adhesion to the fibre network. This requires vessel concentration at laboratorial level for proper chemical studies, such as FE-SEM, μ-XPS, TOF-SIMS and μFTIR. The main objective of our experimental study was to examine bleached kraft pulp E. globulus vessel and fibre composition. For this we performed EDX and μ-FTIR analysis on both fibre and vessel elements, and obtained the carbohydrate composition, the total acids content, the hexenuronic acids content and the zeta potential. \u0000Keywords: E. globulus, vessel, EDX, μ-FTIR, sugar content, zeta potential","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72899343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joana Moreira, Catarina Lopes, M. L. Lis Arias, Lucinda F. Silva, J. Curto
The goal of this research was the development of cellulose-based biodegradable drug delivery systems solutions for cosmetic mask applications. Cellulose-based materials derived from natural renewable sources provide a sustainable alternative to nonwoven cosmetic masks derived from nondegradable fossil-based raw materials. An experimental design was executed to assemble the 3D cellulose fibres matrix and the water in oil emulsion comprising the active molecules from Mentha piperita L. Two types of biopolymeric additives were used, one derived from a nano/micro fibrillated cellulose pulp and another one including chitosan. A 3D computational simulation study was performed to enhance porosity and strength properties. The results indicated that the cosmetic face mask optimized prototypes, made from a biodegradable 3D matrix of cellulose fibres and active molecules, are suitable for dermic use. Keywords: biopolymers, dermic application, drug delivery systems (DDS), essential oil, Mentha piperita
{"title":"Development of Biodegradable, Cellulose-Based, Essential Oil and Chitosan Drug Delivery Systems for Cosmetic Mask Applications","authors":"Joana Moreira, Catarina Lopes, M. L. Lis Arias, Lucinda F. Silva, J. Curto","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11609","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was the development of cellulose-based biodegradable drug delivery systems solutions for cosmetic mask applications. Cellulose-based materials derived from natural renewable sources provide a sustainable alternative to nonwoven cosmetic masks derived from nondegradable fossil-based raw materials. An experimental design was executed to assemble the 3D cellulose fibres matrix and the water in oil emulsion comprising the active molecules from Mentha piperita L. Two types of biopolymeric additives were used, one derived from a nano/micro fibrillated cellulose pulp and another one including chitosan. A 3D computational simulation study was performed to enhance porosity and strength properties. The results indicated that the cosmetic face mask optimized prototypes, made from a biodegradable 3D matrix of cellulose fibres and active molecules, are suitable for dermic use. \u0000Keywords: biopolymers, dermic application, drug delivery systems (DDS), essential oil, Mentha piperita","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80334647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High consumption of clean water results in the generation of effluents that need to be treated and then safely discarded. Conventional methods for such treatment often do not offer an economical and sustainable result; therefore, new methods are needed, such as microalgae usage. Microalgae are unicellular beings capable of rapid adaptation, growth, and production of compounds of interest (pharmaceuticals, biofuels and others). This work aimed to study the effectiveness of the microalgae Selenastrum sp. in the treatment of effluents from the textile and pulp & paper industries, as well as the respective effects on its biomass development and accumulation of compounds. Four types of culture were carried out (for each type of effluent, a control, and a control with addition of glucose) lasting eight days, in duplicate, all with the addition of a standard culture medium and controlled abiotic factors. Analyses for compound removal (chemical oxygen demand and colour readings on the 200–800nm range) and biomass development (cell number, its dimensions, and weight) were performed four times during the process. At the end of the experiments, the average removal in effluents for COD and colour were 56.6% and 32.7% respectively, in addition to a biomass accumulation of 0.45 g/L. These results were comparable to those obtained for the control cultivation using glucose as a carbon source (70.0% COD removal and 0.51 g/L biomass accumulation). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of Selenastrum sp. in the treatment of industrial effluents, its resilience in stressful environments and the potential use of its accumulated compounds for biotechnological purposes. Keywords: microalgae, Selenastrum sp., industrial effluent, textile effluent, pulp effluent, effluent treatment
{"title":"Treatment of Industrial Effluents by the Microalgae Selenastrum Sp.","authors":"Bruno P. Escobar, A. Cunha, R. Simões","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11616","url":null,"abstract":"High consumption of clean water results in the generation of effluents that need to be treated and then safely discarded. Conventional methods for such treatment often do not offer an economical and sustainable result; therefore, new methods are needed, such as microalgae usage. Microalgae are unicellular beings capable of rapid adaptation, growth, and production of compounds of interest (pharmaceuticals, biofuels and others). This work aimed to study the effectiveness of the microalgae Selenastrum sp. in the treatment of effluents from the textile and pulp & paper industries, as well as the respective effects on its biomass development and accumulation of compounds. Four types of culture were carried out (for each type of effluent, a control, and a control with addition of glucose) lasting eight days, in duplicate, all with the addition of a standard culture medium and controlled abiotic factors. Analyses for compound removal (chemical oxygen demand and colour readings on the 200–800nm range) and biomass development (cell number, its dimensions, and weight) were performed four times during the process. At the end of the experiments, the average removal in effluents for COD and colour were 56.6% and 32.7% respectively, in addition to a biomass accumulation of 0.45 g/L. These results were comparable to those obtained for the control cultivation using glucose as a carbon source (70.0% COD removal and 0.51 g/L biomass accumulation). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of Selenastrum sp. in the treatment of industrial effluents, its resilience in stressful environments and the potential use of its accumulated compounds for biotechnological purposes. \u0000Keywords: microalgae, Selenastrum sp., industrial effluent, textile effluent, pulp effluent, effluent treatment","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80820652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studying the three-dimensional structure of paper fibrous networks is an important step towards understanding the relationship between manufacturing conditions and the resulting microstructural and mechanical properties. Digital holography is a promising three-dimensional imaging technique enabling quantitative phase evaluation of micro and nano-fibres. One of the advantages of this high-resolution method is the ability to perform numerical refocusing at several depths from a single shot acquisition. In this work, the suitability of 22 focusing functions to accurately identify the positions of cellulose microfibers, using digital holography, was inspected. The best performing metrics were identified and the trade-off between metric accuracy and robustness to variable conditions and their computational complexity were discussed. Keywords: digital holography, autofocus, cellulose microfibre, morphology, tomography
{"title":"Assessment of Autofocus Techniques for Isolated Cellulose Microfiber 3D Imaging by Digital Holography","authors":"Francisca Silva, P. Fiadeiro, E. Fonseca","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11604","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the three-dimensional structure of paper fibrous networks is an important step towards understanding the relationship between manufacturing conditions and the resulting microstructural and mechanical properties. Digital holography is a promising three-dimensional imaging technique enabling quantitative phase evaluation of micro and nano-fibres. One of the advantages of this high-resolution method is the ability to perform numerical refocusing at several depths from a single shot acquisition. In this work, the suitability of 22 focusing functions to accurately identify the positions of cellulose microfibers, using digital holography, was inspected. The best performing metrics were identified and the trade-off between metric accuracy and robustness to variable conditions and their computational complexity were discussed. \u0000Keywords: digital holography, autofocus, cellulose microfibre, morphology, tomography","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82461038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. João Nunes, A. Rodrigues, P. Fiadeiro, A. Lopes, Maria José Pacheco, L. Ciríaco
LaTi1−xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) perovskite-type oxide samples were synthesized by the solid state reaction method and characterized, and their photocatalytic activity was tested in the degradation of Acid Orange 7 under ultraviolet and visible light. The oxides were successfully synthesized and the XRD results showed a phase change from monoclinic to orthorhombic, with an increase in Fe content (x), with LaTi0.8Fe0.2O3 and LaTi0.6Fe0.4O3 samples presenting both phases. All samples presented low photocatalytic activity under visible light radiation, with a maximum Abs484nm removal of 2.9% for LaFeO3 after one hour. The best results were obtained under ultraviolet radiation, for all samples, with the best photocatalytic activity exhibited by the La2Ti2O7 perovskite, with 44.6% Abs484nm removal after one hour. Keywords: perovskites, LaTi1−xFexO3, photocatalysis, Acid Orange 7
{"title":"Photocatalytic Activity of LaTi1−xFexO3 Perovskite-Type Oxides Under UV and Visible Light","authors":"M. João Nunes, A. Rodrigues, P. Fiadeiro, A. Lopes, Maria José Pacheco, L. Ciríaco","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11614","url":null,"abstract":"LaTi1−xFexO3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) perovskite-type oxide samples were synthesized by the solid state reaction method and characterized, and their photocatalytic activity was tested in the degradation of Acid Orange 7 under ultraviolet and visible light. The oxides were successfully synthesized and the XRD results showed a phase change from monoclinic to orthorhombic, with an increase in Fe content (x), with LaTi0.8Fe0.2O3 and LaTi0.6Fe0.4O3 samples presenting both phases. All samples presented low photocatalytic activity under visible light radiation, with a maximum Abs484nm removal of 2.9% for LaFeO3 after one hour. The best results were obtained under ultraviolet radiation, for all samples, with the best photocatalytic activity exhibited by the La2Ti2O7 perovskite, with 44.6% Abs484nm removal after one hour. \u0000Keywords: perovskites, LaTi1−xFexO3, photocatalysis, Acid Orange 7","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87148891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Studart, L. Marchiori, Maria Vitoria Morais, A. Albuquerque, Pedro Gabriel Almeida, V. Cavaleiro
Mineralogical and chemical evaluations are necessary to investigate the background and origins of materials. In terms of residues commonly produced around the world, ashes biomass stands out for its high calorific capacity and use for energy production at thermoelectrical facilities. Given current sustainability issues and new demands from society, ashes and soil from pine biomass in the Castelo Branco region were investigated to research possible anthropogenic contaminations, heavy metals among their composition, and their physic-chemical characteristics. These properties can be used to define possible valorisation methods through residue introduction into the soil for its reinforcement and liner application. The results indicated that ashes biomass could help achieve these objectives and could be introduced into the soil, due to its enrichment with pozzolanic minerals and fine granulometry, while having a low-density, which could reduce final weight; however it was considerably different from the original biomass, and contained anthropogenic contaminations and high concentrations of heavy metals. Keywords: biomass ashes, chemical and mineralogical properties, residue valorisation, soil reinforcement, liner material
{"title":"Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Biomass Ashes for Soil Reinforcement and Liner Material","authors":"André Studart, L. Marchiori, Maria Vitoria Morais, A. Albuquerque, Pedro Gabriel Almeida, V. Cavaleiro","doi":"10.18502/kms.v7i1.11625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v7i1.11625","url":null,"abstract":"Mineralogical and chemical evaluations are necessary to investigate the background and origins of materials. In terms of residues commonly produced around the world, ashes biomass stands out for its high calorific capacity and use for energy production at thermoelectrical facilities. Given current sustainability issues and new demands from society, ashes and soil from pine biomass in the Castelo Branco region were investigated to research possible anthropogenic contaminations, heavy metals among their composition, and their physic-chemical characteristics. These properties can be used to define possible valorisation methods through residue introduction into the soil for its reinforcement and liner application. The results indicated that ashes biomass could help achieve these objectives and could be introduced into the soil, due to its enrichment with pozzolanic minerals and fine granulometry, while having a low-density, which could reduce final weight; however it was considerably different from the original biomass, and contained anthropogenic contaminations and high concentrations of heavy metals. \u0000Keywords: biomass ashes, chemical and mineralogical properties, residue valorisation, soil reinforcement, liner material","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87972030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Mikhailov, A. A. Rukomoinikov, R. Abdeev, E. Abdeev
The unevenness of the heat flow generated in the furnaces of the drums of rotary kilns leads to damage to the drum casing, which can cause premature failure. The author suggests that by deflecting the flame by applying electromagnetic fields, it is possible to prevent direct contact between the flame and the furnace drum, extending the latter’s service life. In this way, it is possible to regulate the directions of movement of the heated combustion products to realize the uniform distribution of heat fluxes, as well as to regulate local temperature fields in real time. The study took into account 5 main factors of the influence of the electromagnetic field on the flame. Based on the studies, a description of a device partially integrated in the furnace is proposed. In this case, there is no significant constructive modernization of the furnace. This device is an analogue of a high-temperature fan, but has several advantages in comparison with it. Keywords: electromagnetic field, furnace, flame, heat exchange
{"title":"Improving the Reliability of Rotary Furnace Drums By Stabilizing the Temperature Regime By Effect of Electromagnetic Fields","authors":"Y. Mikhailov, A. A. Rukomoinikov, R. Abdeev, E. Abdeev","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The unevenness of the heat flow generated in the furnaces of the drums of rotary kilns leads to damage to the drum casing, which can cause premature failure. The author suggests that by deflecting the flame by applying electromagnetic fields, it is possible to prevent direct contact between the flame and the furnace drum, extending the latter’s service life. In this way, it is possible to regulate the directions of movement of the heated combustion products to realize the uniform distribution of heat fluxes, as well as to regulate local temperature fields in real time. The study took into account 5 main factors of the influence of the electromagnetic field on the flame. Based on the studies, a description of a device partially integrated in the furnace is proposed. In this case, there is no significant constructive modernization of the furnace. This device is an analogue of a high-temperature fan, but has several advantages in comparison with it. \u0000Keywords: electromagnetic field, furnace, flame, heat exchange \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84957477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Lobanov, Eldar Rinatovich, V. Chelnokov, R. Abdeev
Evolvent form can be applied in the new design of an air cooler and shell and tube heat exchanger used in the oil and gas industry. The air cooler is constructed as a vertically cylindrical multi-section with the evolvent-profile tube row in tube bundle. Tubes have a U-shape form for solving the problem of destruction from linear thermal expansion during maintenance. The dismountable shell-and-tube heat exchanger has an evolvent-profile tube bundle. The advantage of this heat exchanger is its dismountable construction, maintainability and energy efficiency. This is enhanced by the construction of the heat exchange element, which consists of stainless corrugated flexible tubes. Dismountable construction is achieved by a set of flanges and fittings. The energy efficiency of the heat exchanger is determined by thin wall of the corrugated tube, which is 0.3 mm, whereby a heat energy will be transferred faster from a hot stream to cold liquid. Also, energy efficiency is enhanced by tight packing of the tube bundle, which contributes to increase heat transfer area per unit volume. Such solutions contribute to the promotion of more efficient technological equipment and promising ideas for further development and improvement of technical and technological complexes. Keywords: tube, heat, corrugated, flexible, evolvent, construction
{"title":"Development of a Repairable Heat Exchange for Disposal Considerations for Household and Municipal Waste","authors":"M. A. Lobanov, Eldar Rinatovich, V. Chelnokov, R. Abdeev","doi":"10.18502/kms.v6i1.8093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kms.v6i1.8093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Evolvent form can be applied in the new design of an air cooler and shell and tube heat exchanger used in the oil and gas industry. The air cooler is constructed as a vertically cylindrical multi-section with the evolvent-profile tube row in tube bundle. Tubes have a U-shape form for solving the problem of destruction from linear thermal expansion during maintenance. The dismountable shell-and-tube heat exchanger has an evolvent-profile tube bundle. The advantage of this heat exchanger is its dismountable construction, maintainability and energy efficiency. This is enhanced by the construction of the heat exchange element, which consists of stainless corrugated flexible tubes. Dismountable construction is achieved by a set of flanges and fittings. The energy efficiency of the heat exchanger is determined by thin wall of the corrugated tube, which is 0.3 mm, whereby a heat energy will be transferred faster from a hot stream to cold liquid. Also, energy efficiency is enhanced by tight packing of the tube bundle, which contributes to increase heat transfer area per unit volume. Such solutions contribute to the promotion of more efficient technological equipment and promising ideas for further development and improvement of technical and technological complexes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: tube, heat, corrugated, flexible, evolvent, construction \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":17908,"journal":{"name":"KnE Materials Science","volume":"881 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76994408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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