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Silicon Metallurgy and Ecology Problems 硅冶金与生态问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8073
K. S. Yolkin, A. Sivtsov, D. K. Yolkin, A. Karlina
Modern silicon production technology is associated with a risk of negative environmental impact due to the fact that in addition to the final product, other reaction products are formed, including dust, from the incomplete use of charge materials. Gases released during silicon smelting in ore-thermal furnaces are characterized by the content of a large amount of fine dust. Dust consists of 94–96% of silicon dioxide. As a result of the use of sulfur-containing raw materials in furnaces as sulfur reducing agents, sulfur compounds in the form of SO2 are present in the furnace gases entering for purification, and nitrogen oxides are also present. The developed silicon recovery smelting technology reduces the technological energy consumption and increases the furnace productivity in proportion to the amount of carbon replaced by silicon carbide. Replacing carbon with silicon carbide reduces the dust content and the amount of exhaust furnace gases, and changes their composition. Thus, reducing the amount of pollutants reduces their anthropogenic impact on the environment. Keywords: silicon, gas cleaning dust, gas capture system, microsilica
现代硅生产技术伴随着负面环境影响的风险,因为除了最终产品之外,电荷材料的不完全使用还会形成其他反应产物,包括灰尘。矿热炉熔炼硅过程中释放的气体具有大量细粉尘的特点。灰尘中二氧化硅的含量为94-96%。由于炉内使用含硫原料作为还原剂,进入净化的炉气中存在SO2形式的含硫化合物,同时也存在氮氧化物。开发的硅回收冶炼技术降低了工艺能耗,并与碳化硅替代碳量成比例地提高了炉效率。用碳化硅代替碳可以减少粉尘含量和废气量,并改变其成分。因此,减少污染物的数量减少了它们对环境的人为影响。关键词:硅,气体净化粉尘,气体捕集系统,微二氧化硅
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引用次数: 1
Technogenic Mineral Raw Materials for the Production of Refractories and Ceramics 生产耐火材料和陶瓷的技术矿物原料
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8056
V. Perepelitsyn, A. Yagovtsev, V. Merzlyakov, V. Kochetkov, A. Ponomarenko, Z. Ponomarenko, A. Kolobov
Chemical–mineral and material–genetic classifications of technogenic mineral raw materials including up to 36 polyphase groups of materials that form the basis of secondary resources suitable for the production of refractories and ceramics after additional processing are proposed. It is shown that technogenic materials of the Urals are cheap multifunctional raw materials and can be used in the production of magnesia-silicate ceramics, carbon– and zirconium–containing high-alumina refractories and cements. Keywords: classification, secondary mineral resources, composition, recycling, refractories, ceramics
提出了技术矿物原料的化学矿物和材料成因分类,包括多达36种多相材料,这些材料构成了二次资源的基础,适用于耐火材料和陶瓷的生产,经过额外的加工。研究表明,乌拉尔工艺材料是一种廉价的多功能原料,可用于生产镁硅酸盐陶瓷、含碳、含锆高铝耐火材料和水泥。关键词:分类、二次矿产资源、成分、回收利用、耐火材料、陶瓷
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引用次数: 0
Hydrometallurgical Processing of the Wastes of Polymetallic Ore Dressing 多金属选矿废渣的湿法冶金处理
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8067
A. Bulaev
The possibility of hydrometallurgical treatment of old flotation tailings to extract base and noble metals was investigated. Two samples of old flotation tailings samples containing 0.26% and 0.36% of copper, and 0.22% and 0.23% of zinc were the subjects of this study. Agitation and percolator leaching was performed with distilled water and sulfuric acid solutions (of 0.5 to 10% H2SO4). It was shown that under certain conditions (sulfuric acid concentration) it was possible to achieve selective leaching of non-ferrous metals and obtain solutions with relatively low concentrations of iron ions, which is necessary for further effective extraction of non-ferrous metal ions from the solution. The effect of acid leaching on further gold recovery from the first sample containing 0.7 g/t of gold by cyanidation was investigated. The sample of the tailings after leaching with a 1% sulfuric acid solution was leached with 10% sulfuric acid. After that, the tailings sample and the acid leach residues were subjected to sorption cyanidation. Two-stage acid leaching with 1 and 10% sulfuric acid provided the higher gold recovery than one-stage (49 and 65%, respectively). Also it was shown that pregnant solution obtained during leaching of the second sample with 10% sulfuric acid may be used for oxidative leaching of substandard copper-zinc concentrate that allowed to 13 and 48% of copper and zinc from the concentrate during the leaching at 80∘C. Keywords: flotation tailings, leaching, substandard sulfide concentrates
研究了湿法冶金处理老浮选尾矿提取碱金属和贵金属的可能性。以铜含量分别为0.26%和0.36%、锌含量分别为0.22%和0.23%的老浮选尾矿样品为研究对象。用蒸馏水和硫酸溶液(含0.5 ~ 10% H2SO4)进行搅拌和过滤器浸出。结果表明,在一定条件下(硫酸浓度),可以实现有色金属的选择性浸出,获得铁离子浓度相对较低的溶液,这是进一步从溶液中有效提取有色金属离子的必要条件。研究了酸浸对含金0.7 g/t的首样氰化进一步回收金的影响。对1%硫酸浸出后的尾矿试样,用10%硫酸浸出。然后对尾矿样品和酸浸渣进行吸附氰化处理。两段硫酸浸出金的回收率分别为49%和65%,高于一段硫酸浸出金的回收率。研究还表明,在用10%硫酸浸出第二个样品时得到的孕液可用于氧化浸出不合格的铜锌精矿,在80°C下浸出精矿时,铜和锌的含量分别为13%和48%。关键词:浮选尾矿,浸出,不合格硫化物精矿
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引用次数: 0
Sorption Properties of the Filter Material MS in Relation to Copper(II) Ions 过滤材料MS对铜(II)离子的吸附性能
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8054
Oleg D. Linnikov, Irina V. Rodina
The sorption of copper(II) ions by the mineral filter material MS was studied. The study was carried out on a model solution of copper(II) sulfate containing an additional 400 mg/dm3 of sodium sulfate. It demonstrates that the sorption properties of MS are due to the simultaneous action of two factors. The first is associated with an increase in the pH of the solution being purified when the MS material is introduced into it, which leads to the precipitation of copper(II) ions from the solution in the form of the corresponding hydroxide. The second is the ability of the MS to remove copper(II) ions from the solution by the mechanism of adsorption described by the Langmuir equation. It was found that with an increase in the pH of the solution from 4 to 6.7, the adsorption of copper(II) ions on the surface of the MS increases (ranges of pH<4 and pH>6.7 have not been studied). The found values of the MS monolayer capacity with respect to copper(II) ions turned out to be comparable in magnitude with similar values for some other mineral sorbents. Keywords: copper(II) ions, sorption, Langmuir equation, adsorption capacity
研究了矿物滤料质谱对铜离子的吸附。该研究是在硫酸铜(II)模型溶液中进行的,其中含有额外的400 mg/dm3的硫酸钠。结果表明,质谱的吸附性能是两个因素共同作用的结果。首先,当质谱材料被引入时,被纯化溶液的pH值会增加,从而导致铜(II)离子以相应的氢氧化物的形式从溶液中析出。二是质谱通过Langmuir方程描述的吸附机制从溶液中去除铜离子的能力。结果发现,随着溶液pH从4增加到6.7,铜(II)离子在质谱表面的吸附量增加(pH6.7范围未研究)。所发现的质谱单层对铜(II)离子的容量值与其他一些矿物吸附剂的相似值在量级上相当。关键词:铜离子,吸附,Langmuir方程,吸附量
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引用次数: 0
Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nonstoichiometric Titanium Dioxide for Photo-Oxidation of Toxic Organic Substances 溶胶-凝胶法合成非化学计量二氧化钛光氧化有毒有机物质
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8034
I. B. Dorosheva, A. Rempel, A. Valeeva, I. Weinstein
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized by sol-gel method at different values of pH = 3, 7, 8, 9, or 10. X-ray phase analysis has shown that in an acid rout, an anatase phase had crystallized, and in an alkaline rout an amorphous phase of TiO2 was achieved. After annealing for 4 hours at 350∘C, all samples were transformed into anatase phase. The particle size in the different samples varies from 7 to 50 nm depending on the pH. The diffuse reflectance spectra revealed a high value of the band gap width in the range from 2.9 to 3.4 eV and its narrowing after annealing to the range from 2.8to 3.1 eV. The specific surface area measured by BET method was changing from 80 up to 140 m2 /g. Keywords: Titanium dioxide, nanostructure, photocatalysis, band gap, specific surface area
采用溶胶-凝胶法在pH = 3、7、8、9、10的条件下合成了二氧化钛(TiO2)。x射线物相分析表明,在酸性溶液中,TiO2形成锐钛矿相结晶,而在碱性溶液中,TiO2形成无定形相。在350°C下退火4小时后,所有样品都转变为锐钛矿相。不同样品的粒径随ph值的变化在7 ~ 50 nm之间。漫反射光谱显示,带隙宽度在2.9 ~ 3.4 eV范围内较高,退火后的带隙宽度在2.8 ~ 3.1 eV范围内收窄。BET法测得的比表面积在80 ~ 140 m2 /g之间变化。关键词:二氧化钛,纳米结构,光催化,带隙,比表面积
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引用次数: 0
Gold Determination Problem in Barium Production Waste 钡生产废料中金的测定问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8147
R. E. Khabibulina, K. V.G, V. G. Lobanov, V. Valnev
The most common method for gold content determination in raw materials is fire assay. An alternative to this method is atomic absorption in a solution obtained by dissolving an initial sample in aqua regia. This study focuses on the sludge of one of the chemical plants, in which the barite concentrate (barium in sulphate form) is fused with calcium chloride at coal presence, and then leached in water. Decomposition of samples in aqua regia followed by atomic absorption analysis, as well as fire assay, showed gold content in the sludge at the level of 1-4 gram per ton. The presence of infusible and chemically resistant compounds in the sludge does not allow to the reliable determination of the gold content. Sintering with sodium peroxide for decomposition of stable compounds at 700 ∘ C, dissolution of sinter in acidic solution, evaporation and fire assay of residue made it possible to establish a reliable concentration of gold in the sludge - 10-20 gram per ton. It was found that a direct determination of gold in acidic sinter leach solution provides inadequate values associated with the influence of the background. Keywords: Gold determination, barium sludge, fire assay, atomic absorption
测定原料中金含量最常用的方法是火测定法。该方法的另一种替代方法是将初始样品溶解在王水中得到的溶液中的原子吸收。本研究的重点是一家化工厂的污泥,其中重晶石精矿(硫酸盐形式的钡)在煤的存在下与氯化钙融合,然后在水中浸出。在王水中分解样品,然后进行原子吸收分析和火焰分析,表明污泥中的含金量为每吨1-4克。污泥中不溶性和耐化学性化合物的存在使得无法可靠地测定含金量。用过氧化钠烧结,在700°C时分解稳定的化合物,在酸性溶液中溶解烧结矿,对残留物进行蒸发和火焰测定,从而可以确定污泥中金的可靠浓度——每吨10-20克。研究发现,直接测定酸性烧结浸出液中的金,由于受背景的影响,其值不充分。关键词:金的测定,钡泥,火焰试验,原子吸收
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引用次数: 0
Data Support in the Choice of Mine Water Treatment Technology 矿井水处理工艺选择的数据支持
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8049
B. Zobnin, Alexander A. Surin
Mathematical modeling is used in this work in the analysis of options for the implementation of acid mine water treatment technology. Ta technological scheme of metal-bearing mine water treatment is proposed and includes two stages. The first stage, the treatment of mine water to the required degree to extract solid insoluble sediment for further processing, is implemented in a mobile technological complex installed in places of mine water outpouring. Selective extraction of individual metal powders is delivered in a stationary complex in applying the centrifugal conversion method using plasmatron. In the first step, the metal ions contained in the mine water should be complete recovered with maximum energy-saving. The condition for complete extraction of useful components from mine waters is pH values corresponding to the beginning of precipitation of hydroxides of various metals and complete precipitation, which depend on the nature of metals, their concentration in solution, temperature, impurity content. The process regime must be manageable to ensure its adequacy in the quality of raw materials under conditions of changing mine water flow rates and concentrations of ingredients. The technological mode must be manageable to ensure its adequacy in the raw material quality under changing mine water discharges and concentrations of ingredients. Keywords: technological complex, mine water, treatment, modeling
本文运用数学模型对酸性矿井水处理技术的实施方案进行了分析。提出了含金属矿山水处理的工艺方案,该方案包括两个阶段。第一阶段是将矿井水处理到所需的程度,以提取固体不溶性沉积物进行进一步处理,在安装在矿井出水地点的移动技术综合体中实施。采用等离子体离心式转化方法,在固定配合物中对单个金属粉末进行选择性萃取。在第一步中,矿井水中所含的金属离子应完全回收,最大限度地节约能源。从矿井水中完全提取有用成分的条件是各种金属氢氧化物开始沉淀和完全沉淀所对应的pH值,这取决于金属的性质、在溶液中的浓度、温度、杂质含量。工艺制度必须是可管理的,以确保在矿井水流率和成分浓度变化的情况下,其原料的质量是适当的。该工艺模式必须易于管理,以保证在矿井排水和配料浓度变化的情况下,其原料质量的充分性。关键词:工艺综合体,矿井水,处理,建模
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引用次数: 0
Electroflotation Extraction of Sparingly Soluble Compounds of Titanium (TiO2) from Liquid Technogenic Waste 电浮选法从工业废液中萃取钛(TiO2)的难溶性化合物
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8062
V. Kolesnikov, A.V. Perfileva, V. Kasyanov, S. Kabanova, A. Kolesnikov
This paper presents basic information about applications, properties and extraction of titanium dioxide from liquid technogenic waste. Titanium dioxide is widely used in the production of ceramics, electrodes, etc. During the experiments using filtration, a recovery rate of 95% was achieved. Using the electroflotation method, a recovery rate of up to 50% was achieved. Subsequently, when complex additives are added, the degree of extraction by the electroflotation method reaches 95%. Keywords: water treatment, titanium dioxide, electroflotation
本文介绍了从工业废液中提取二氧化钛的应用、性能及提取方法的基本情况。二氧化钛广泛用于陶瓷、电极等的生产。在过滤实验中,回收率达到95%。采用电浮选法,回收率可达50%。随后,当添加复合添加剂时,电浮选法的萃取度达到95%。关键词:水处理,二氧化钛,电浮选
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引用次数: 0
Arsenic in Chemical and Metallurgical Conversions of Copper-zinc Concentrates 铜锌精矿化学和冶金转化中的砷
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8123
E. N. Selivanov, D. O. Novikov, Vyacheslav Vasi- Lyevich Belyaev, G. Skopov
Due to the deterioration of the quality of obtained sulfide-copper concentrates, arsenic circulates and accumulates in the intermediate products, which reduces the quality of the metal and associated product – sulfuric acid. A method of estimation the distribution of impurity elements can be created using the recycling of sulfide concentrates by various technologies (including autogenous smelting, matte conversion and flotation of slags). This technique is based on solving balance equations for iron, copper and arsenic with known compositions of the resulting products. The obtained data were used to assess of the extraction of arsenic into produce outputs (slag, matte, dust, etc.). In this study, the concentration of arsenic in the dust of metallurgical processes and sludge for cleaning acid solutions is confirmed. The increased temperature in the electrostatic precipitator of gas purification of autogenous processes lead to a partial transition of arsenic into the gas stream directed to the sulfuric acid production. It is possible to regulate the fraction of transition of arsenic to dust and sulfuric acid while changing the operating temperature in the electrostatic precipitator. To a lesser extent arsenic is concentrated in the tails of flotation of slag (11.7%) and metallic copper (2.9%). These data are useful for substantiating measures for the wastes recycling and improvement of the ecological environment in the enterprise operating districts. Keywords: arsenic, autogenous melting, matte conversion, slag flotation, purified gas treatment, distribution, dust, sludge
由于获得的硫化铜精矿质量变差,砷在中间产品中循环积累,降低了金属及其伴生产品硫酸的质量。利用各种技术(包括自熔炼、磨砂转化和矿渣浮选)回收硫化物精矿,可以建立一种估计杂质元素分布的方法。这项技术是基于解决铁,铜和砷的平衡方程与已知的产物组成。所获得的数据用于评估从生产产品(矿渣、磨砂、粉尘等)中提取砷的情况。本研究确定了冶金工艺粉尘和酸溶液清洗污泥中砷的浓度。自生工艺气体净化静电除尘器温度升高,导致砷部分过渡到直接用于硫酸生产的气流中。在改变静电除尘器的工作温度的同时,可以调节砷向粉尘和硫酸的过渡比例。砷在矿渣浮选尾(11.7%)和金属铜(2.9%)中富集程度较轻。这些数据可为企业经营区废弃物回收利用和生态环境改善的措施提供依据。关键词:砷,自熔,冰砂转化,矿渣浮选,净化气体处理,分布,粉尘,污泥
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引用次数: 0
Secondary Recycling of Smelter Slags 冶炼渣的二次回收
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.18502/kms.v6i1.8149
B. L. Demin, Y. Sorokin, L.A. Smirno, Ye. N. Shcherbakov
The modern structure of ferrous metallurgy slags recovery has been shown. Growth of recycling amounts is connected with high-capacity stationary and mobile crushing and screening plants (both foreign- and domestic made). The issues of environment protection against dust emissions still remain unsolved. Keywords: smelter slags, recycling technologies, crushing and screening plants, extraction and cleaning of metal inclusions
揭示了现代铁冶炼炉渣回收的结构。回收量的增长与高容量固定式和移动式破碎和筛分厂(包括国外和国内制造的)有关。扬尘排放环境保护问题仍未解决。关键词:冶炼渣,回收技术,破碎筛选装置,金属夹杂物的提取和清洗
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引用次数: 0
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KnE Materials Science
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